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unicode_norm.c
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1 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2  * unicode_norm.c
3  * Normalize a Unicode string
4  *
5  * This implements Unicode normalization, per the documentation at
6  * https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/.
7  *
8  * Portions Copyright (c) 2017-2024, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
9  *
10  * IDENTIFICATION
11  * src/common/unicode_norm.c
12  *
13  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
14  */
15 #ifndef FRONTEND
16 #include "postgres.h"
17 #else
18 #include "postgres_fe.h"
19 #endif
20 
21 #include "common/unicode_norm.h"
22 #ifndef FRONTEND
25 #include "port/pg_bswap.h"
26 #else
28 #endif
29 
30 #ifndef FRONTEND
31 #define ALLOC(size) palloc(size)
32 #define FREE(size) pfree(size)
33 #else
34 #define ALLOC(size) malloc(size)
35 #define FREE(size) free(size)
36 #endif
37 
38 /* Constants for calculations with Hangul characters */
39 #define SBASE 0xAC00 /* U+AC00 */
40 #define LBASE 0x1100 /* U+1100 */
41 #define VBASE 0x1161 /* U+1161 */
42 #define TBASE 0x11A7 /* U+11A7 */
43 #define LCOUNT 19
44 #define VCOUNT 21
45 #define TCOUNT 28
46 #define NCOUNT VCOUNT * TCOUNT
47 #define SCOUNT LCOUNT * NCOUNT
48 
49 #ifdef FRONTEND
50 /* comparison routine for bsearch() of decomposition lookup table. */
51 static int
52 conv_compare(const void *p1, const void *p2)
53 {
54  uint32 v1,
55  v2;
56 
57  v1 = *(const uint32 *) p1;
58  v2 = ((const pg_unicode_decomposition *) p2)->codepoint;
59  return (v1 > v2) ? 1 : ((v1 == v2) ? 0 : -1);
60 }
61 
62 #endif
63 
64 /*
65  * get_code_entry
66  *
67  * Get the entry corresponding to code in the decomposition lookup table.
68  * The backend version of this code uses a perfect hash function for the
69  * lookup, while the frontend version uses a binary search.
70  */
71 static const pg_unicode_decomposition *
73 {
74 #ifndef FRONTEND
75  int h;
76  uint32 hashkey;
78 
79  /*
80  * Compute the hash function. The hash key is the codepoint with the bytes
81  * in network order.
82  */
83  hashkey = pg_hton32(code);
84  h = decompinfo.hash(&hashkey);
85 
86  /* An out-of-range result implies no match */
87  if (h < 0 || h >= decompinfo.num_decomps)
88  return NULL;
89 
90  /*
91  * Since it's a perfect hash, we need only match to the specific codepoint
92  * it identifies.
93  */
94  if (code != decompinfo.decomps[h].codepoint)
95  return NULL;
96 
97  /* Success! */
98  return &decompinfo.decomps[h];
99 #else
100  return bsearch(&(code),
103  sizeof(pg_unicode_decomposition),
104  conv_compare);
105 #endif
106 }
107 
108 /*
109  * Get the combining class of the given codepoint.
110  */
111 static uint8
113 {
114  const pg_unicode_decomposition *entry = get_code_entry(code);
115 
116  /*
117  * If no entries are found, the character used is either an Hangul
118  * character or a character with a class of 0 and no decompositions.
119  */
120  if (!entry)
121  return 0;
122  else
123  return entry->comb_class;
124 }
125 
126 /*
127  * Given a decomposition entry looked up earlier, get the decomposed
128  * characters.
129  *
130  * Note: the returned pointer can point to statically allocated buffer, and
131  * is only valid until next call to this function!
132  */
133 static const pg_wchar *
135 {
136  static pg_wchar x;
137 
138  if (DECOMPOSITION_IS_INLINE(entry))
139  {
140  Assert(DECOMPOSITION_SIZE(entry) == 1);
141  x = (pg_wchar) entry->dec_index;
142  *dec_size = 1;
143  return &x;
144  }
145  else
146  {
147  *dec_size = DECOMPOSITION_SIZE(entry);
148  return &UnicodeDecomp_codepoints[entry->dec_index];
149  }
150 }
151 
152 /*
153  * Calculate how many characters a given character will decompose to.
154  *
155  * This needs to recurse, if the character decomposes into characters that
156  * are, in turn, decomposable.
157  */
158 static int
160 {
161  const pg_unicode_decomposition *entry;
162  int size = 0;
163  int i;
164  const uint32 *decomp;
165  int dec_size;
166 
167  /*
168  * Fast path for Hangul characters not stored in tables to save memory as
169  * decomposition is algorithmic. See
170  * https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/tr15-18.html, annex 10 for details
171  * on the matter.
172  */
173  if (code >= SBASE && code < SBASE + SCOUNT)
174  {
175  uint32 tindex,
176  sindex;
177 
178  sindex = code - SBASE;
179  tindex = sindex % TCOUNT;
180 
181  if (tindex != 0)
182  return 3;
183  return 2;
184  }
185 
186  entry = get_code_entry(code);
187 
188  /*
189  * Just count current code if no other decompositions. A NULL entry is
190  * equivalent to a character with class 0 and no decompositions.
191  */
192  if (entry == NULL || DECOMPOSITION_SIZE(entry) == 0 ||
193  (!compat && DECOMPOSITION_IS_COMPAT(entry)))
194  return 1;
195 
196  /*
197  * If this entry has other decomposition codes look at them as well. First
198  * get its decomposition in the list of tables available.
199  */
200  decomp = get_code_decomposition(entry, &dec_size);
201  for (i = 0; i < dec_size; i++)
202  {
203  uint32 lcode = decomp[i];
204 
205  size += get_decomposed_size(lcode, compat);
206  }
207 
208  return size;
209 }
210 
211 /*
212  * Recompose a set of characters. For hangul characters, the calculation
213  * is algorithmic. For others, an inverse lookup at the decomposition
214  * table is necessary. Returns true if a recomposition can be done, and
215  * false otherwise.
216  */
217 static bool
218 recompose_code(uint32 start, uint32 code, uint32 *result)
219 {
220  /*
221  * Handle Hangul characters algorithmically, per the Unicode spec.
222  *
223  * Check if two current characters are L and V.
224  */
225  if (start >= LBASE && start < LBASE + LCOUNT &&
226  code >= VBASE && code < VBASE + VCOUNT)
227  {
228  /* make syllable of form LV */
229  uint32 lindex = start - LBASE;
230  uint32 vindex = code - VBASE;
231 
232  *result = SBASE + (lindex * VCOUNT + vindex) * TCOUNT;
233  return true;
234  }
235  /* Check if two current characters are LV and T */
236  else if (start >= SBASE && start < (SBASE + SCOUNT) &&
237  ((start - SBASE) % TCOUNT) == 0 &&
238  code >= TBASE && code < (TBASE + TCOUNT))
239  {
240  /* make syllable of form LVT */
241  uint32 tindex = code - TBASE;
242 
243  *result = start + tindex;
244  return true;
245  }
246  else
247  {
248  const pg_unicode_decomposition *entry;
249 
250  /*
251  * Do an inverse lookup of the decomposition tables to see if anything
252  * matches. The comparison just needs to be a perfect match on the
253  * sub-table of size two, because the start character has already been
254  * recomposed partially. This lookup uses a perfect hash function for
255  * the backend code.
256  */
257 #ifndef FRONTEND
258 
259  int h,
260  inv_lookup_index;
261  uint64 hashkey;
263 
264  /*
265  * Compute the hash function. The hash key is formed by concatenating
266  * bytes of the two codepoints in network order. See also
267  * src/common/unicode/generate-unicode_norm_table.pl.
268  */
269  hashkey = pg_hton64(((uint64) start << 32) | (uint64) code);
270  h = recompinfo.hash(&hashkey);
271 
272  /* An out-of-range result implies no match */
273  if (h < 0 || h >= recompinfo.num_recomps)
274  return false;
275 
276  inv_lookup_index = recompinfo.inverse_lookup[h];
277  entry = &UnicodeDecompMain[inv_lookup_index];
278 
279  if (start == UnicodeDecomp_codepoints[entry->dec_index] &&
280  code == UnicodeDecomp_codepoints[entry->dec_index + 1])
281  {
282  *result = entry->codepoint;
283  return true;
284  }
285 
286 #else
287 
288  int i;
289 
290  for (i = 0; i < lengthof(UnicodeDecompMain); i++)
291  {
292  entry = &UnicodeDecompMain[i];
293 
294  if (DECOMPOSITION_SIZE(entry) != 2)
295  continue;
296 
297  if (DECOMPOSITION_NO_COMPOSE(entry))
298  continue;
299 
300  if (start == UnicodeDecomp_codepoints[entry->dec_index] &&
301  code == UnicodeDecomp_codepoints[entry->dec_index + 1])
302  {
303  *result = entry->codepoint;
304  return true;
305  }
306  }
307 #endif /* !FRONTEND */
308  }
309 
310  return false;
311 }
312 
313 /*
314  * Decompose the given code into the array given by caller. The
315  * decomposition begins at the position given by caller, saving one
316  * lookup on the decomposition table. The current position needs to be
317  * updated here to let the caller know from where to continue filling
318  * in the array result.
319  */
320 static void
321 decompose_code(pg_wchar code, bool compat, pg_wchar **result, int *current)
322 {
323  const pg_unicode_decomposition *entry;
324  int i;
325  const uint32 *decomp;
326  int dec_size;
327 
328  /*
329  * Fast path for Hangul characters not stored in tables to save memory as
330  * decomposition is algorithmic. See
331  * https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/tr15-18.html, annex 10 for details
332  * on the matter.
333  */
334  if (code >= SBASE && code < SBASE + SCOUNT)
335  {
336  uint32 l,
337  v,
338  tindex,
339  sindex;
340  pg_wchar *res = *result;
341 
342  sindex = code - SBASE;
343  l = LBASE + sindex / (VCOUNT * TCOUNT);
344  v = VBASE + (sindex % (VCOUNT * TCOUNT)) / TCOUNT;
345  tindex = sindex % TCOUNT;
346 
347  res[*current] = l;
348  (*current)++;
349  res[*current] = v;
350  (*current)++;
351 
352  if (tindex != 0)
353  {
354  res[*current] = TBASE + tindex;
355  (*current)++;
356  }
357 
358  return;
359  }
360 
361  entry = get_code_entry(code);
362 
363  /*
364  * Just fill in with the current decomposition if there are no
365  * decomposition codes to recurse to. A NULL entry is equivalent to a
366  * character with class 0 and no decompositions, so just leave also in
367  * this case.
368  */
369  if (entry == NULL || DECOMPOSITION_SIZE(entry) == 0 ||
370  (!compat && DECOMPOSITION_IS_COMPAT(entry)))
371  {
372  pg_wchar *res = *result;
373 
374  res[*current] = code;
375  (*current)++;
376  return;
377  }
378 
379  /*
380  * If this entry has other decomposition codes look at them as well.
381  */
382  decomp = get_code_decomposition(entry, &dec_size);
383  for (i = 0; i < dec_size; i++)
384  {
385  pg_wchar lcode = (pg_wchar) decomp[i];
386 
387  /* Leave if no more decompositions */
388  decompose_code(lcode, compat, result, current);
389  }
390 }
391 
392 /*
393  * unicode_normalize - Normalize a Unicode string to the specified form.
394  *
395  * The input is a 0-terminated array of codepoints.
396  *
397  * In frontend, returns a 0-terminated array of codepoints, allocated with
398  * malloc. Or NULL if we run out of memory. In backend, the returned
399  * string is palloc'd instead, and OOM is reported with ereport().
400  */
401 pg_wchar *
403 {
404  bool compat = (form == UNICODE_NFKC || form == UNICODE_NFKD);
405  bool recompose = (form == UNICODE_NFC || form == UNICODE_NFKC);
406  pg_wchar *decomp_chars;
407  pg_wchar *recomp_chars;
408  int decomp_size,
409  current_size;
410  int count;
411  const pg_wchar *p;
412 
413  /* variables for recomposition */
414  int last_class;
415  int starter_pos;
416  int target_pos;
417  uint32 starter_ch;
418 
419  /* First, do character decomposition */
420 
421  /*
422  * Calculate how many characters long the decomposed version will be.
423  */
424  decomp_size = 0;
425  for (p = input; *p; p++)
426  decomp_size += get_decomposed_size(*p, compat);
427 
428  decomp_chars = (pg_wchar *) ALLOC((decomp_size + 1) * sizeof(pg_wchar));
429  if (decomp_chars == NULL)
430  return NULL;
431 
432  /*
433  * Now fill in each entry recursively. This needs a second pass on the
434  * decomposition table.
435  */
436  current_size = 0;
437  for (p = input; *p; p++)
438  decompose_code(*p, compat, &decomp_chars, &current_size);
439  decomp_chars[decomp_size] = '\0';
440  Assert(decomp_size == current_size);
441 
442  /* Leave if there is nothing to decompose */
443  if (decomp_size == 0)
444  return decomp_chars;
445 
446  /*
447  * Now apply canonical ordering.
448  */
449  for (count = 1; count < decomp_size; count++)
450  {
451  pg_wchar prev = decomp_chars[count - 1];
452  pg_wchar next = decomp_chars[count];
453  pg_wchar tmp;
454  const uint8 prevClass = get_canonical_class(prev);
455  const uint8 nextClass = get_canonical_class(next);
456 
457  /*
458  * Per Unicode (https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/tr15-18.html)
459  * annex 4, a sequence of two adjacent characters in a string is an
460  * exchangeable pair if the combining class (from the Unicode
461  * Character Database) for the first character is greater than the
462  * combining class for the second, and the second is not a starter. A
463  * character is a starter if its combining class is 0.
464  */
465  if (prevClass == 0 || nextClass == 0)
466  continue;
467 
468  if (prevClass <= nextClass)
469  continue;
470 
471  /* exchange can happen */
472  tmp = decomp_chars[count - 1];
473  decomp_chars[count - 1] = decomp_chars[count];
474  decomp_chars[count] = tmp;
475 
476  /* backtrack to check again */
477  if (count > 1)
478  count -= 2;
479  }
480 
481  if (!recompose)
482  return decomp_chars;
483 
484  /*
485  * The last phase of NFC and NFKC is the recomposition of the reordered
486  * Unicode string using combining classes. The recomposed string cannot be
487  * longer than the decomposed one, so make the allocation of the output
488  * string based on that assumption.
489  */
490  recomp_chars = (pg_wchar *) ALLOC((decomp_size + 1) * sizeof(pg_wchar));
491  if (!recomp_chars)
492  {
493  FREE(decomp_chars);
494  return NULL;
495  }
496 
497  last_class = -1; /* this eliminates a special check */
498  starter_pos = 0;
499  target_pos = 1;
500  starter_ch = recomp_chars[0] = decomp_chars[0];
501 
502  for (count = 1; count < decomp_size; count++)
503  {
504  pg_wchar ch = decomp_chars[count];
505  int ch_class = get_canonical_class(ch);
506  pg_wchar composite;
507 
508  if (last_class < ch_class &&
509  recompose_code(starter_ch, ch, &composite))
510  {
511  recomp_chars[starter_pos] = composite;
512  starter_ch = composite;
513  }
514  else if (ch_class == 0)
515  {
516  starter_pos = target_pos;
517  starter_ch = ch;
518  last_class = -1;
519  recomp_chars[target_pos++] = ch;
520  }
521  else
522  {
523  last_class = ch_class;
524  recomp_chars[target_pos++] = ch;
525  }
526  }
527  recomp_chars[target_pos] = (pg_wchar) '\0';
528 
529  FREE(decomp_chars);
530 
531  return recomp_chars;
532 }
533 
534 /*
535  * Normalization "quick check" algorithm; see
536  * <http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/#Detecting_Normalization_Forms>
537  */
538 
539 /* We only need this in the backend. */
540 #ifndef FRONTEND
541 
542 static const pg_unicode_normprops *
544 {
545  int h;
546  uint32 hashkey;
547 
548  /*
549  * Compute the hash function. The hash key is the codepoint with the bytes
550  * in network order.
551  */
552  hashkey = pg_hton32(ch);
553  h = norminfo->hash(&hashkey);
554 
555  /* An out-of-range result implies no match */
556  if (h < 0 || h >= norminfo->num_normprops)
557  return NULL;
558 
559  /*
560  * Since it's a perfect hash, we need only match to the specific codepoint
561  * it identifies.
562  */
563  if (ch != norminfo->normprops[h].codepoint)
564  return NULL;
565 
566  /* Success! */
567  return &norminfo->normprops[h];
568 }
569 
570 /*
571  * Look up the normalization quick check character property
572  */
575 {
576  const pg_unicode_normprops *found = NULL;
577 
578  switch (form)
579  {
580  case UNICODE_NFC:
582  break;
583  case UNICODE_NFKC:
585  break;
586  default:
587  Assert(false);
588  break;
589  }
590 
591  if (found)
592  return found->quickcheck;
593  else
594  return UNICODE_NORM_QC_YES;
595 }
596 
599 {
600  uint8 lastCanonicalClass = 0;
602 
603  /*
604  * For the "D" forms, we don't run the quickcheck. We don't include the
605  * lookup tables for those because they are huge, checking for these
606  * particular forms is less common, and running the slow path is faster
607  * for the "D" forms than the "C" forms because you don't need to
608  * recompose, which is slow.
609  */
610  if (form == UNICODE_NFD || form == UNICODE_NFKD)
611  return UNICODE_NORM_QC_MAYBE;
612 
613  for (const pg_wchar *p = input; *p; p++)
614  {
615  pg_wchar ch = *p;
616  uint8 canonicalClass;
618 
619  canonicalClass = get_canonical_class(ch);
620  if (lastCanonicalClass > canonicalClass && canonicalClass != 0)
621  return UNICODE_NORM_QC_NO;
622 
623  check = qc_is_allowed(form, ch);
624  if (check == UNICODE_NORM_QC_NO)
625  return UNICODE_NORM_QC_NO;
626  else if (check == UNICODE_NORM_QC_MAYBE)
627  result = UNICODE_NORM_QC_MAYBE;
628 
629  lastCanonicalClass = canonicalClass;
630  }
631  return result;
632 }
633 
634 #endif /* !FRONTEND */
static int32 next
Definition: blutils.c:221
unsigned int uint32
Definition: c.h:493
#define lengthof(array)
Definition: c.h:775
unsigned char uint8
Definition: c.h:491
enum COMPAT_MODE compat
Definition: ecpg.c:25
FILE * input
int x
Definition: isn.c:71
int i
Definition: isn.c:73
Assert(fmt[strlen(fmt) - 1] !='\n')
unsigned int pg_wchar
Definition: mbprint.c:31
#define pg_hton32(x)
Definition: pg_bswap.h:121
#define pg_hton64(x)
Definition: pg_bswap.h:122
int64 current_size
Definition: pg_checksums.c:64
static pg_noinline void Size size
Definition: slab.c:607
const pg_unicode_decomposition * decomps
const pg_unicode_normprops * normprops
#define TCOUNT
Definition: unicode_norm.c:45
#define TBASE
Definition: unicode_norm.c:42
static void decompose_code(pg_wchar code, bool compat, pg_wchar **result, int *current)
Definition: unicode_norm.c:321
UnicodeNormalizationQC unicode_is_normalized_quickcheck(UnicodeNormalizationForm form, const pg_wchar *input)
Definition: unicode_norm.c:598
#define VBASE
Definition: unicode_norm.c:41
#define VCOUNT
Definition: unicode_norm.c:44
static uint8 get_canonical_class(pg_wchar code)
Definition: unicode_norm.c:112
#define LBASE
Definition: unicode_norm.c:40
static const pg_wchar * get_code_decomposition(const pg_unicode_decomposition *entry, int *dec_size)
Definition: unicode_norm.c:134
static UnicodeNormalizationQC qc_is_allowed(UnicodeNormalizationForm form, pg_wchar ch)
Definition: unicode_norm.c:574
#define LCOUNT
Definition: unicode_norm.c:43
static const pg_unicode_normprops * qc_hash_lookup(pg_wchar ch, const pg_unicode_norminfo *norminfo)
Definition: unicode_norm.c:543
#define ALLOC(size)
Definition: unicode_norm.c:31
#define FREE(size)
Definition: unicode_norm.c:32
#define SBASE
Definition: unicode_norm.c:39
#define SCOUNT
Definition: unicode_norm.c:47
pg_wchar * unicode_normalize(UnicodeNormalizationForm form, const pg_wchar *input)
Definition: unicode_norm.c:402
static bool recompose_code(uint32 start, uint32 code, uint32 *result)
Definition: unicode_norm.c:218
static const pg_unicode_decomposition * get_code_entry(pg_wchar code)
Definition: unicode_norm.c:72
static int get_decomposed_size(pg_wchar code, bool compat)
Definition: unicode_norm.c:159
UnicodeNormalizationForm
Definition: unicode_norm.h:20
@ UNICODE_NFKD
Definition: unicode_norm.h:24
@ UNICODE_NFD
Definition: unicode_norm.h:22
@ UNICODE_NFC
Definition: unicode_norm.h:21
@ UNICODE_NFKC
Definition: unicode_norm.h:23
UnicodeNormalizationQC
Definition: unicode_norm.h:29
@ UNICODE_NORM_QC_YES
Definition: unicode_norm.h:31
@ UNICODE_NORM_QC_NO
Definition: unicode_norm.h:30
@ UNICODE_NORM_QC_MAYBE
Definition: unicode_norm.h:32
static const pg_unicode_decompinfo UnicodeDecompInfo
static const pg_unicode_recompinfo UnicodeRecompInfo
#define DECOMPOSITION_NO_COMPOSE(x)
#define DECOMPOSITION_IS_INLINE(x)
static const uint32 UnicodeDecomp_codepoints[5098]
#define DECOMPOSITION_IS_COMPAT(x)
static const pg_unicode_decomposition UnicodeDecompMain[6775]
#define DECOMPOSITION_SIZE(x)
static const pg_unicode_norminfo UnicodeNormInfo_NFKC_QC
static const pg_unicode_norminfo UnicodeNormInfo_NFC_QC