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ginblock.h
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1 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------
2  * ginblock.h
3  * details of structures stored in GIN index blocks
4  *
5  * Copyright (c) 2006-2024, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
6  *
7  * src/include/access/ginblock.h
8  *--------------------------------------------------------------------------
9  */
10 #ifndef GINBLOCK_H
11 #define GINBLOCK_H
12 
13 #include "access/transam.h"
14 #include "storage/block.h"
15 #include "storage/bufpage.h"
16 #include "storage/itemptr.h"
17 #include "storage/off.h"
18 
19 /*
20  * Page opaque data in an inverted index page.
21  *
22  * Note: GIN does not include a page ID word as do the other index types.
23  * This is OK because the opaque data is only 8 bytes and so can be reliably
24  * distinguished by size. Revisit this if the size ever increases.
25  * Further note: as of 9.2, SP-GiST also uses 8-byte special space, as does
26  * BRIN as of 9.5. This is still OK, as long as GIN isn't using all of the
27  * high-order bits in its flags word, because that way the flags word cannot
28  * match the page IDs used by SP-GiST and BRIN.
29  */
30 typedef struct GinPageOpaqueData
31 {
32  BlockNumber rightlink; /* next page if any */
33  OffsetNumber maxoff; /* number of PostingItems on GIN_DATA &
34  * ~GIN_LEAF page. On GIN_LIST page, number of
35  * heap tuples. */
36  uint16 flags; /* see bit definitions below */
38 
40 
41 #define GIN_DATA (1 << 0)
42 #define GIN_LEAF (1 << 1)
43 #define GIN_DELETED (1 << 2)
44 #define GIN_META (1 << 3)
45 #define GIN_LIST (1 << 4)
46 #define GIN_LIST_FULLROW (1 << 5) /* makes sense only on GIN_LIST page */
47 #define GIN_INCOMPLETE_SPLIT (1 << 6) /* page was split, but parent not
48  * updated */
49 #define GIN_COMPRESSED (1 << 7)
50 
51 /* Page numbers of fixed-location pages */
52 #define GIN_METAPAGE_BLKNO (0)
53 #define GIN_ROOT_BLKNO (1)
54 
55 typedef struct GinMetaPageData
56 {
57  /*
58  * Pointers to head and tail of pending list, which consists of GIN_LIST
59  * pages. These store fast-inserted entries that haven't yet been moved
60  * into the regular GIN structure.
61  */
64 
65  /*
66  * Free space in bytes in the pending list's tail page.
67  */
69 
70  /*
71  * We store both number of pages and number of heap tuples that are in the
72  * pending list.
73  */
75  int64 nPendingHeapTuples;
76 
77  /*
78  * Statistics for planner use (accurate as of last VACUUM)
79  */
83  int64 nEntries;
84 
85  /*
86  * GIN version number (ideally this should have been at the front, but too
87  * late now. Don't move it!)
88  *
89  * Currently 2 (for indexes initialized in 9.4 or later)
90  *
91  * Version 1 (indexes initialized in version 9.1, 9.2 or 9.3), is
92  * compatible, but may contain uncompressed posting tree (leaf) pages and
93  * posting lists. They will be converted to compressed format when
94  * modified.
95  *
96  * Version 0 (indexes initialized in 9.0 or before) is compatible but may
97  * be missing null entries, including both null keys and placeholders.
98  * Reject full-index-scan attempts on such indexes.
99  */
102 
103 #define GIN_CURRENT_VERSION 2
104 
105 #define GinPageGetMeta(p) \
106  ((GinMetaPageData *) PageGetContents(p))
107 
108 /*
109  * Macros for accessing a GIN index page's opaque data
110  */
111 #define GinPageGetOpaque(page) ( (GinPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(page) )
112 
113 #define GinPageIsLeaf(page) ( (GinPageGetOpaque(page)->flags & GIN_LEAF) != 0 )
114 #define GinPageSetLeaf(page) ( GinPageGetOpaque(page)->flags |= GIN_LEAF )
115 #define GinPageSetNonLeaf(page) ( GinPageGetOpaque(page)->flags &= ~GIN_LEAF )
116 #define GinPageIsData(page) ( (GinPageGetOpaque(page)->flags & GIN_DATA) != 0 )
117 #define GinPageSetData(page) ( GinPageGetOpaque(page)->flags |= GIN_DATA )
118 #define GinPageIsList(page) ( (GinPageGetOpaque(page)->flags & GIN_LIST) != 0 )
119 #define GinPageSetList(page) ( GinPageGetOpaque(page)->flags |= GIN_LIST )
120 #define GinPageHasFullRow(page) ( (GinPageGetOpaque(page)->flags & GIN_LIST_FULLROW) != 0 )
121 #define GinPageSetFullRow(page) ( GinPageGetOpaque(page)->flags |= GIN_LIST_FULLROW )
122 #define GinPageIsCompressed(page) ( (GinPageGetOpaque(page)->flags & GIN_COMPRESSED) != 0 )
123 #define GinPageSetCompressed(page) ( GinPageGetOpaque(page)->flags |= GIN_COMPRESSED )
124 
125 #define GinPageIsDeleted(page) ( (GinPageGetOpaque(page)->flags & GIN_DELETED) != 0 )
126 #define GinPageSetDeleted(page) ( GinPageGetOpaque(page)->flags |= GIN_DELETED)
127 #define GinPageSetNonDeleted(page) ( GinPageGetOpaque(page)->flags &= ~GIN_DELETED)
128 #define GinPageIsIncompleteSplit(page) ( (GinPageGetOpaque(page)->flags & GIN_INCOMPLETE_SPLIT) != 0 )
129 
130 #define GinPageRightMost(page) ( GinPageGetOpaque(page)->rightlink == InvalidBlockNumber)
131 
132 /*
133  * We should reclaim deleted page only once every transaction started before
134  * its deletion is over.
135  */
136 #define GinPageGetDeleteXid(page) ( ((PageHeader) (page))->pd_prune_xid )
137 #define GinPageSetDeleteXid(page, xid) ( ((PageHeader) (page))->pd_prune_xid = xid)
138 extern bool GinPageIsRecyclable(Page page);
139 
140 /*
141  * We use our own ItemPointerGet(BlockNumber|OffsetNumber)
142  * to avoid Asserts, since sometimes the ip_posid isn't "valid"
143  */
144 #define GinItemPointerGetBlockNumber(pointer) \
145  (ItemPointerGetBlockNumberNoCheck(pointer))
146 
147 #define GinItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(pointer) \
148  (ItemPointerGetOffsetNumberNoCheck(pointer))
149 
150 #define GinItemPointerSetBlockNumber(pointer, blkno) \
151  (ItemPointerSetBlockNumber((pointer), (blkno)))
152 
153 #define GinItemPointerSetOffsetNumber(pointer, offnum) \
154  (ItemPointerSetOffsetNumber((pointer), (offnum)))
155 
156 
157 /*
158  * Special-case item pointer values needed by the GIN search logic.
159  * MIN: sorts less than any valid item pointer
160  * MAX: sorts greater than any valid item pointer
161  * LOSSY PAGE: indicates a whole heap page, sorts after normal item
162  * pointers for that page
163  * Note that these are all distinguishable from an "invalid" item pointer
164  * (which is InvalidBlockNumber/0) as well as from all normal item
165  * pointers (which have item numbers in the range 1..MaxHeapTuplesPerPage).
166  */
167 #define ItemPointerSetMin(p) \
168  ItemPointerSet((p), (BlockNumber)0, (OffsetNumber)0)
169 #define ItemPointerIsMin(p) \
170  (GinItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(p) == (OffsetNumber)0 && \
171  GinItemPointerGetBlockNumber(p) == (BlockNumber)0)
172 #define ItemPointerSetMax(p) \
173  ItemPointerSet((p), InvalidBlockNumber, (OffsetNumber)0xffff)
174 #define ItemPointerSetLossyPage(p, b) \
175  ItemPointerSet((p), (b), (OffsetNumber)0xffff)
176 #define ItemPointerIsLossyPage(p) \
177  (GinItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(p) == (OffsetNumber)0xffff && \
178  GinItemPointerGetBlockNumber(p) != InvalidBlockNumber)
179 
180 /*
181  * Posting item in a non-leaf posting-tree page
182  */
183 typedef struct
184 {
185  /* We use BlockIdData not BlockNumber to avoid padding space wastage */
186  BlockIdData child_blkno;
188 } PostingItem;
189 
190 #define PostingItemGetBlockNumber(pointer) \
191  BlockIdGetBlockNumber(&(pointer)->child_blkno)
192 
193 #define PostingItemSetBlockNumber(pointer, blockNumber) \
194  BlockIdSet(&((pointer)->child_blkno), (blockNumber))
195 
196 /*
197  * Category codes to distinguish placeholder nulls from ordinary NULL keys.
198  *
199  * The first two code values were chosen to be compatible with the usual usage
200  * of bool isNull flags. However, casting between bool and GinNullCategory is
201  * risky because of the possibility of different bit patterns and type sizes,
202  * so it is no longer done.
203  *
204  * GIN_CAT_EMPTY_QUERY is never stored in the index; and notice that it is
205  * chosen to sort before not after regular key values.
206  */
207 typedef signed char GinNullCategory;
208 
209 #define GIN_CAT_NORM_KEY 0 /* normal, non-null key value */
210 #define GIN_CAT_NULL_KEY 1 /* null key value */
211 #define GIN_CAT_EMPTY_ITEM 2 /* placeholder for zero-key item */
212 #define GIN_CAT_NULL_ITEM 3 /* placeholder for null item */
213 #define GIN_CAT_EMPTY_QUERY (-1) /* placeholder for full-scan query */
214 
215 /*
216  * Access macros for null category byte in entry tuples
217  */
218 #define GinCategoryOffset(itup,ginstate) \
219  (IndexInfoFindDataOffset((itup)->t_info) + \
220  ((ginstate)->oneCol ? 0 : sizeof(int16)))
221 #define GinGetNullCategory(itup,ginstate) \
222  (*((GinNullCategory *) ((char*)(itup) + GinCategoryOffset(itup,ginstate))))
223 #define GinSetNullCategory(itup,ginstate,c) \
224  (*((GinNullCategory *) ((char*)(itup) + GinCategoryOffset(itup,ginstate))) = (c))
225 
226 /*
227  * Access macros for leaf-page entry tuples (see discussion in README)
228  */
229 #define GinGetNPosting(itup) GinItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(&(itup)->t_tid)
230 #define GinSetNPosting(itup,n) ItemPointerSetOffsetNumber(&(itup)->t_tid,n)
231 #define GIN_TREE_POSTING ((OffsetNumber)0xffff)
232 #define GinIsPostingTree(itup) (GinGetNPosting(itup) == GIN_TREE_POSTING)
233 #define GinSetPostingTree(itup, blkno) ( GinSetNPosting((itup),GIN_TREE_POSTING), ItemPointerSetBlockNumber(&(itup)->t_tid, blkno) )
234 #define GinGetPostingTree(itup) GinItemPointerGetBlockNumber(&(itup)->t_tid)
235 
236 #define GIN_ITUP_COMPRESSED (1U << 31)
237 #define GinGetPostingOffset(itup) (GinItemPointerGetBlockNumber(&(itup)->t_tid) & (~GIN_ITUP_COMPRESSED))
238 #define GinSetPostingOffset(itup,n) ItemPointerSetBlockNumber(&(itup)->t_tid,(n)|GIN_ITUP_COMPRESSED)
239 #define GinGetPosting(itup) ((Pointer) ((char*)(itup) + GinGetPostingOffset(itup)))
240 #define GinItupIsCompressed(itup) ((GinItemPointerGetBlockNumber(&(itup)->t_tid) & GIN_ITUP_COMPRESSED) != 0)
241 
242 /*
243  * Maximum size of an item on entry tree page. Make sure that we fit at least
244  * three items on each page. (On regular B-tree indexes, we must fit at least
245  * three items: two data items and the "high key". In GIN entry tree, we don't
246  * currently store the high key explicitly, we just use the rightmost item on
247  * the page, so it would actually be enough to fit two items.)
248  */
249 #define GinMaxItemSize \
250  Min(INDEX_SIZE_MASK, \
251  MAXALIGN_DOWN(((BLCKSZ - \
252  MAXALIGN(SizeOfPageHeaderData + 3 * sizeof(ItemIdData)) - \
253  MAXALIGN(sizeof(GinPageOpaqueData))) / 3)))
254 
255 /*
256  * Access macros for non-leaf entry tuples
257  */
258 #define GinGetDownlink(itup) GinItemPointerGetBlockNumber(&(itup)->t_tid)
259 #define GinSetDownlink(itup,blkno) ItemPointerSet(&(itup)->t_tid, blkno, InvalidOffsetNumber)
260 
261 
262 /*
263  * Data (posting tree) pages
264  *
265  * Posting tree pages don't store regular tuples. Non-leaf pages contain
266  * PostingItems, which are pairs of ItemPointers and child block numbers.
267  * Leaf pages contain GinPostingLists and an uncompressed array of item
268  * pointers.
269  *
270  * In a leaf page, the compressed posting lists are stored after the regular
271  * page header, one after each other. Although we don't store regular tuples,
272  * pd_lower is used to indicate the end of the posting lists. After that, free
273  * space follows. This layout is compatible with the "standard" heap and
274  * index page layout described in bufpage.h, so that we can e.g set buffer_std
275  * when writing WAL records.
276  *
277  * In the special space is the GinPageOpaque struct.
278  */
279 #define GinDataLeafPageGetPostingList(page) \
280  (GinPostingList *) ((PageGetContents(page) + MAXALIGN(sizeof(ItemPointerData))))
281 #define GinDataLeafPageGetPostingListSize(page) \
282  (((PageHeader) page)->pd_lower - MAXALIGN(SizeOfPageHeaderData) - MAXALIGN(sizeof(ItemPointerData)))
283 
284 #define GinDataLeafPageIsEmpty(page) \
285  (GinPageIsCompressed(page) ? (GinDataLeafPageGetPostingListSize(page) == 0) : (GinPageGetOpaque(page)->maxoff < FirstOffsetNumber))
286 
287 #define GinDataLeafPageGetFreeSpace(page) PageGetExactFreeSpace(page)
288 
289 #define GinDataPageGetRightBound(page) ((ItemPointer) PageGetContents(page))
290 /*
291  * Pointer to the data portion of a posting tree page. For internal pages,
292  * that's the beginning of the array of PostingItems. For compressed leaf
293  * pages, the first compressed posting list. For uncompressed (pre-9.4) leaf
294  * pages, it's the beginning of the ItemPointer array.
295  */
296 #define GinDataPageGetData(page) \
297  (PageGetContents(page) + MAXALIGN(sizeof(ItemPointerData)))
298 /* non-leaf pages contain PostingItems */
299 #define GinDataPageGetPostingItem(page, i) \
300  ((PostingItem *) (GinDataPageGetData(page) + ((i)-1) * sizeof(PostingItem)))
301 
302 /*
303  * Note: there is no GinDataPageGetDataSize macro, because before version
304  * 9.4, we didn't set pd_lower on data pages. There can be pages in the index
305  * that were binary-upgraded from earlier versions and still have an invalid
306  * pd_lower, so we cannot trust it in general. Compressed posting tree leaf
307  * pages are new in 9.4, however, so we can trust them; see
308  * GinDataLeafPageGetPostingListSize.
309  */
310 #define GinDataPageSetDataSize(page, size) \
311  { \
312  Assert(size <= GinDataPageMaxDataSize); \
313  ((PageHeader) page)->pd_lower = (size) + MAXALIGN(SizeOfPageHeaderData) + MAXALIGN(sizeof(ItemPointerData)); \
314  }
315 
316 #define GinNonLeafDataPageGetFreeSpace(page) \
317  (GinDataPageMaxDataSize - \
318  GinPageGetOpaque(page)->maxoff * sizeof(PostingItem))
319 
320 #define GinDataPageMaxDataSize \
321  (BLCKSZ - MAXALIGN(SizeOfPageHeaderData) \
322  - MAXALIGN(sizeof(ItemPointerData)) \
323  - MAXALIGN(sizeof(GinPageOpaqueData)))
324 
325 /*
326  * List pages
327  */
328 #define GinListPageSize \
329  ( BLCKSZ - SizeOfPageHeaderData - MAXALIGN(sizeof(GinPageOpaqueData)) )
330 
331 /*
332  * A compressed posting list.
333  *
334  * Note: This requires 2-byte alignment.
335  */
336 typedef struct
337 {
338  ItemPointerData first; /* first item in this posting list (unpacked) */
339  uint16 nbytes; /* number of bytes that follow */
340  unsigned char bytes[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER]; /* varbyte encoded items */
342 
343 #define SizeOfGinPostingList(plist) (offsetof(GinPostingList, bytes) + SHORTALIGN((plist)->nbytes) )
344 #define GinNextPostingListSegment(cur) ((GinPostingList *) (((char *) (cur)) + SizeOfGinPostingList((cur))))
345 
346 #endif /* GINBLOCK_H */
uint32 BlockNumber
Definition: block.h:31
Pointer Page
Definition: bufpage.h:78
unsigned short uint16
Definition: c.h:492
unsigned int uint32
Definition: c.h:493
signed int int32
Definition: c.h:481
#define FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER
Definition: c.h:385
GinPageOpaqueData * GinPageOpaque
Definition: ginblock.h:39
struct GinMetaPageData GinMetaPageData
bool GinPageIsRecyclable(Page page)
Definition: ginvacuum.c:802
struct GinPageOpaqueData GinPageOpaqueData
signed char GinNullCategory
Definition: ginblock.h:206
uint16 OffsetNumber
Definition: off.h:24
int64 nEntries
Definition: ginblock.h:82
int32 ginVersion
Definition: ginblock.h:99
BlockNumber tail
Definition: ginblock.h:62
BlockNumber nEntryPages
Definition: ginblock.h:80
uint32 tailFreeSize
Definition: ginblock.h:67
BlockNumber nPendingPages
Definition: ginblock.h:73
int64 nPendingHeapTuples
Definition: ginblock.h:74
BlockNumber nTotalPages
Definition: ginblock.h:79
BlockNumber nDataPages
Definition: ginblock.h:81
BlockNumber head
Definition: ginblock.h:61
OffsetNumber maxoff
Definition: ginblock.h:33
BlockNumber rightlink
Definition: ginblock.h:32