simd.h

Go to the documentation of this file.

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * simd.h
 *    Support for platform-specific vector operations.
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2025, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 * src/include/port/simd.h
 *
 * NOTES
 * - VectorN in this file refers to a register where the element operands
 * are N bits wide. The vector width is platform-specific, so users that care
 * about that will need to inspect "sizeof(VectorN)".
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#ifndef SIMD_H
#define SIMD_H
 
#if (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_AMD64))
/*
 * SSE2 instructions are part of the spec for the 64-bit x86 ISA. We assume
 * that compilers targeting this architecture understand SSE2 intrinsics.
 *
 * We use emmintrin.h rather than the comprehensive header immintrin.h in
 * order to exclude extensions beyond SSE2. This is because MSVC, at least,
 * will allow the use of intrinsics that haven't been enabled at compile
 * time.
 */
#include <emmintrin.h>
#define USE_SSE2
typedef __m128i Vector8;
typedef __m128i Vector32;
 
#elif defined(__aarch64__) && defined(__ARM_NEON)
/*
 * We use the Neon instructions if the compiler provides access to them (as
 * indicated by __ARM_NEON) and we are on aarch64.  While Neon support is
 * technically optional for aarch64, it appears that all available 64-bit
 * hardware does have it.  Neon exists in some 32-bit hardware too, but we
 * could not realistically use it there without a run-time check, which seems
 * not worth the trouble for now.
 */
#include <arm_neon.h>
#define USE_NEON
typedef uint8x16_t Vector8;
typedef uint32x4_t Vector32;
 
#else
/*
 * If no SIMD instructions are available, we can in some cases emulate vector
 * operations using bitwise operations on unsigned integers.  Note that many
 * of the functions in this file presently do not have non-SIMD
 * implementations.  In particular, none of the functions involving Vector32
 * are implemented without SIMD since it's likely not worthwhile to represent
 * two 32-bit integers using a uint64.
 */
#define USE_NO_SIMD
typedef uint64 Vector8;
#endif
 
/* load/store operations */
static inline void vector8_load(Vector8 *v, const uint8 *s);
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline void vector32_load(Vector32 *v, const uint32 *s);
#endif
 
/* assignment operations */
static inline Vector8 vector8_broadcast(const uint8 c);
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector32 vector32_broadcast(const uint32 c);
#endif
 
/* element-wise comparisons to a scalar */
static inline bool vector8_has(const Vector8 v, const uint8 c);
static inline bool vector8_has_zero(const Vector8 v);
static inline bool vector8_has_le(const Vector8 v, const uint8 c);
static inline bool vector8_is_highbit_set(const Vector8 v);
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline bool vector32_is_highbit_set(const Vector32 v);
static inline uint32 vector8_highbit_mask(const Vector8 v);
#endif
 
/* arithmetic operations */
static inline Vector8 vector8_or(const Vector8 v1, const Vector8 v2);
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector32 vector32_or(const Vector32 v1, const Vector32 v2);
#endif
 
/*
 * comparisons between vectors
 *
 * Note: These return a vector rather than boolean, which is why we don't
 * have non-SIMD implementations.
 */
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector8 vector8_eq(const Vector8 v1, const Vector8 v2);
static inline Vector8 vector8_min(const Vector8 v1, const Vector8 v2);
static inline Vector32 vector32_eq(const Vector32 v1, const Vector32 v2);
#endif
 
/*
 * Load a chunk of memory into the given vector.
 */
static inline void
vector8_load(Vector8 *v, const uint8 *s)
{
#if defined(USE_SSE2)
    *v = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *) s);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    *v = vld1q_u8(s);
#else
    memcpy(v, s, sizeof(Vector8));
#endif
}
 
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline void
vector32_load(Vector32 *v, const uint32 *s)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    *v = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *) s);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    *v = vld1q_u32(s);
#endif
}
#endif                          /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
 
/*
 * Store a vector into the given memory address.
 */
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline void
vector8_store(uint8 *s, Vector8 v)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    _mm_storeu_si128((Vector8 *) s, v);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    vst1q_u8(s, v);
#endif
}
#endif                          /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
 
/*
 * Create a vector with all elements set to the same value.
 */
static inline Vector8
vector8_broadcast(const uint8 c)
{
#if defined(USE_SSE2)
    return _mm_set1_epi8(c);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    return vdupq_n_u8(c);
#else
    return ~UINT64CONST(0) / 0xFF * c;
#endif
}
 
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector32
vector32_broadcast(const uint32 c)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    return _mm_set1_epi32(c);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    return vdupq_n_u32(c);
#endif
}
#endif                          /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
 
/*
 * Return true if any elements in the vector are equal to the given scalar.
 */
static inline bool
vector8_has(const Vector8 v, const uint8 c)
{
    bool        result;
 
    /* pre-compute the result for assert checking */
#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
    bool        assert_result = false;
 
    for (Size i = 0; i < sizeof(Vector8); i++)
    {
        if (((const uint8 *) &v)[i] == c)
        {
            assert_result = true;
            break;
        }
    }
#endif                          /* USE_ASSERT_CHECKING */
 
#if defined(USE_NO_SIMD)
    /* any bytes in v equal to c will evaluate to zero via XOR */
    result = vector8_has_zero(v ^ vector8_broadcast(c));
#else
    result = vector8_is_highbit_set(vector8_eq(v, vector8_broadcast(c)));
#endif
 
    Assert(assert_result == result);
    return result;
}
 
/*
 * Convenience function equivalent to vector8_has(v, 0)
 */
static inline bool
vector8_has_zero(const Vector8 v)
{
#if defined(USE_NO_SIMD)
    /*
     * We cannot call vector8_has() here, because that would lead to a
     * circular definition.
     */
    return vector8_has_le(v, 0);
#else
    return vector8_has(v, 0);
#endif
}
 
/*
 * Return true if any elements in the vector are less than or equal to the
 * given scalar.
 */
static inline bool
vector8_has_le(const Vector8 v, const uint8 c)
{
    bool        result = false;
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    Vector8     umin;
    Vector8     cmpe;
#endif
 
    /* pre-compute the result for assert checking */
#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
    bool        assert_result = false;
 
    for (Size i = 0; i < sizeof(Vector8); i++)
    {
        if (((const uint8 *) &v)[i] <= c)
        {
            assert_result = true;
            break;
        }
    }
#endif                          /* USE_ASSERT_CHECKING */
 
#if defined(USE_NO_SIMD)
 
    /*
     * To find bytes <= c, we can use bitwise operations to find bytes < c+1,
     * but it only works if c+1 <= 128 and if the highest bit in v is not set.
     * Adapted from
     * https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#HasLessInWord
     */
    if ((int64) v >= 0 && c < 0x80)
        result = (v - vector8_broadcast(c + 1)) & ~v & vector8_broadcast(0x80);
    else
    {
        /* one byte at a time */
        for (Size i = 0; i < sizeof(Vector8); i++)
        {
            if (((const uint8 *) &v)[i] <= c)
            {
                result = true;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
#elif defined(USE_SSE2)
    umin = vector8_min(v, vector8_broadcast(c));
    cmpe = vector8_eq(umin, v);
    result = vector8_is_highbit_set(cmpe);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    result = vminvq_u8(v) <= c;
#endif
 
    Assert(assert_result == result);
    return result;
}
 
/*
 * Returns true if any elements in the vector are greater than or equal to the
 * given scalar.
 */
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline bool
vector8_has_ge(const Vector8 v, const uint8 c)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    Vector8     umax = _mm_max_epu8(v, vector8_broadcast(c));
    Vector8     cmpe = vector8_eq(umax, v);
 
    return vector8_is_highbit_set(cmpe);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    return vmaxvq_u8(v) >= c;
#endif
}
#endif                          /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
 
/*
 * Return true if the high bit of any element is set
 */
static inline bool
vector8_is_highbit_set(const Vector8 v)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    return _mm_movemask_epi8(v) != 0;
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    return vmaxvq_u8(v) > 0x7F;
#else
    return v & vector8_broadcast(0x80);
#endif
}
 
/*
 * Exactly like vector8_is_highbit_set except for the input type, so it
 * looks at each byte separately.
 *
 * XXX x86 uses the same underlying type for 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit
 * integer elements, but Arm does not, hence the need for a separate
 * function. We could instead adopt the behavior of Arm's vmaxvq_u32(), i.e.
 * check each 32-bit element, but that would require an additional mask
 * operation on x86.
 */
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline bool
vector32_is_highbit_set(const Vector32 v)
{
#if defined(USE_NEON)
    return vector8_is_highbit_set((Vector8) v);
#else
    return vector8_is_highbit_set(v);
#endif
}
#endif                          /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
 
/*
 * Return a bitmask formed from the high-bit of each element.
 */
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline uint32
vector8_highbit_mask(const Vector8 v)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    return (uint32) _mm_movemask_epi8(v);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    /*
     * Note: It would be faster to use vget_lane_u64 and vshrn_n_u16, but that
     * returns a uint64, making it inconvenient to combine mask values from
     * multiple vectors.
     */
    static const uint8 mask[16] = {
        1 << 0, 1 << 1, 1 << 2, 1 << 3,
        1 << 4, 1 << 5, 1 << 6, 1 << 7,
        1 << 0, 1 << 1, 1 << 2, 1 << 3,
        1 << 4, 1 << 5, 1 << 6, 1 << 7,
    };
 
    uint8x16_t  masked = vandq_u8(vld1q_u8(mask), (uint8x16_t) vshrq_n_s8((int8x16_t) v, 7));
    uint8x16_t  maskedhi = vextq_u8(masked, masked, 8);
 
    return (uint32) vaddvq_u16((uint16x8_t) vzip1q_u8(masked, maskedhi));
#endif
}
#endif                          /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
 
/*
 * Return the bitwise OR of the inputs
 */
static inline Vector8
vector8_or(const Vector8 v1, const Vector8 v2)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    return _mm_or_si128(v1, v2);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    return vorrq_u8(v1, v2);
#else
    return v1 | v2;
#endif
}
 
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector32
vector32_or(const Vector32 v1, const Vector32 v2)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    return _mm_or_si128(v1, v2);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    return vorrq_u32(v1, v2);
#endif
}
#endif                          /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
 
/*
 * Return the bitwise AND of the inputs.
 */
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector8
vector8_and(const Vector8 v1, const Vector8 v2)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    return _mm_and_si128(v1, v2);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    return vandq_u8(v1, v2);
#endif
}
#endif                          /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
 
/*
 * Return the result of adding the respective elements of the input vectors.
 */
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector8
vector8_add(const Vector8 v1, const Vector8 v2)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    return _mm_add_epi8(v1, v2);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    return vaddq_u8(v1, v2);
#endif
}
#endif                          /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
 
/*
 * Return the result of subtracting the respective elements of the input
 * vectors using signed saturation (i.e., if the operation would yield a value
 * less than -128, -128 is returned instead).  For more information on
 * saturation arithmetic, see
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturation_arithmetic
 */
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector8
vector8_issub(const Vector8 v1, const Vector8 v2)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    return _mm_subs_epi8(v1, v2);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    return (Vector8) vqsubq_s8((int8x16_t) v1, (int8x16_t) v2);
#endif
}
#endif                          /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
 
/*
 * Return a vector with all bits set in each lane where the corresponding
 * lanes in the inputs are equal.
 */
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector8
vector8_eq(const Vector8 v1, const Vector8 v2)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    return _mm_cmpeq_epi8(v1, v2);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    return vceqq_u8(v1, v2);
#endif
}
#endif                          /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
 
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector32
vector32_eq(const Vector32 v1, const Vector32 v2)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    return _mm_cmpeq_epi32(v1, v2);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    return vceqq_u32(v1, v2);
#endif
}
#endif                          /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
 
/*
 * Return a vector with all bits set for each lane of v1 that is greater than
 * the corresponding lane of v2.  NB: The comparison treats the elements as
 * signed.
 */
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector8
vector8_gt(const Vector8 v1, const Vector8 v2)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    return _mm_cmpgt_epi8(v1, v2);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    return vcgtq_s8((int8x16_t) v1, (int8x16_t) v2);
#endif
}
#endif                          /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
 
/*
 * Given two vectors, return a vector with the minimum element of each.
 */
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector8
vector8_min(const Vector8 v1, const Vector8 v2)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    return _mm_min_epu8(v1, v2);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    return vminq_u8(v1, v2);
#endif
}
#endif                          /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
 
/*
 * Interleave elements of low halves (e.g., for SSE2, bits 0-63) of given
 * vectors.  Bytes 0, 2, 4, etc. use v1, and bytes 1, 3, 5, etc. use v2.
 */
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector8
vector8_interleave_low(const Vector8 v1, const Vector8 v2)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    return _mm_unpacklo_epi8(v1, v2);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    return vzip1q_u8(v1, v2);
#endif
}
#endif                          /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
 
/*
 * Interleave elements of high halves (e.g., for SSE2, bits 64-127) of given
 * vectors.  Bytes 0, 2, 4, etc. use v1, and bytes 1, 3, 5, etc. use v2.
 */
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector8
vector8_interleave_high(const Vector8 v1, const Vector8 v2)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    return _mm_unpackhi_epi8(v1, v2);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    return vzip2q_u8(v1, v2);
#endif
}
#endif                          /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
 
/*
 * Pack 16-bit elements in the given vectors into a single vector of 8-bit
 * elements.  The first half of the return vector (e.g., for SSE2, bits 0-63)
 * uses v1, and the second half (e.g., for SSE2, bits 64-127) uses v2.
 *
 * NB: The upper 8-bits of each 16-bit element must be zeros, else this will
 * produce different results on different architectures.
 */
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector8
vector8_pack_16(const Vector8 v1, const Vector8 v2)
{
    Vector8     mask PG_USED_FOR_ASSERTS_ONLY;
 
    mask = vector8_interleave_low(vector8_broadcast(0), vector8_broadcast(0xff));
    Assert(!vector8_has_ge(vector8_and(v1, mask), 1));
    Assert(!vector8_has_ge(vector8_and(v2, mask), 1));
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    return _mm_packus_epi16(v1, v2);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    return vuzp1q_u8(v1, v2);
#endif
}
#endif                          /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
 
/*
 * Unsigned shift left of each 32-bit element in the vector by "i" bits.
 *
 * XXX AArch64 requires an integer literal, so we have to list all expected
 * values of "i" from all callers in a switch statement.  If you add a new
 * caller, be sure your expected values of "i" are handled.
 */
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector8
vector8_shift_left(const Vector8 v1, int i)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    return _mm_slli_epi32(v1, i);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    switch (i)
    {
        case 4:
            return (Vector8) vshlq_n_u32((Vector32) v1, 4);
        default:
            Assert(false);
            return vector8_broadcast(0);
    }
#endif
}
#endif                          /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
 
/*
 * Unsigned shift right of each 32-bit element in the vector by "i" bits.
 *
 * XXX AArch64 requires an integer literal, so we have to list all expected
 * values of "i" from all callers in a switch statement.  If you add a new
 * caller, be sure your expected values of "i" are handled.
 */
#ifndef USE_NO_SIMD
static inline Vector8
vector8_shift_right(const Vector8 v1, int i)
{
#ifdef USE_SSE2
    return _mm_srli_epi32(v1, i);
#elif defined(USE_NEON)
    switch (i)
    {
        case 4:
            return (Vector8) vshrq_n_u32((Vector32) v1, 4);
        case 8:
            return (Vector8) vshrq_n_u32((Vector32) v1, 8);
        default:
            Assert(false);
            return vector8_broadcast(0);
    }
#endif
}
#endif                          /* ! USE_NO_SIMD */
 
#endif                          /* SIMD_H */