numutils.c

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * numutils.c
 *    utility functions for I/O of built-in numeric types.
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *    src/backend/utils/adt/numutils.c
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#include "postgres.h"
 
#include <math.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <ctype.h>
 
#include "common/int.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
 
/*
 * A table of all two-digit numbers. This is used to speed up decimal digit
 * generation by copying pairs of digits into the final output.
 */
static const char DIGIT_TABLE[200] =
"00" "01" "02" "03" "04" "05" "06" "07" "08" "09"
"10" "11" "12" "13" "14" "15" "16" "17" "18" "19"
"20" "21" "22" "23" "24" "25" "26" "27" "28" "29"
"30" "31" "32" "33" "34" "35" "36" "37" "38" "39"
"40" "41" "42" "43" "44" "45" "46" "47" "48" "49"
"50" "51" "52" "53" "54" "55" "56" "57" "58" "59"
"60" "61" "62" "63" "64" "65" "66" "67" "68" "69"
"70" "71" "72" "73" "74" "75" "76" "77" "78" "79"
"80" "81" "82" "83" "84" "85" "86" "87" "88" "89"
"90" "91" "92" "93" "94" "95" "96" "97" "98" "99";
 
/*
 * Adapted from http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#IntegerLog10
 */
static inline int
decimalLength32(const uint32 v)
{
    int         t;
    static const uint32 PowersOfTen[] = {
        1, 10, 100,
        1000, 10000, 100000,
        1000000, 10000000, 100000000,
        1000000000
    };
 
    /*
     * Compute base-10 logarithm by dividing the base-2 logarithm by a
     * good-enough approximation of the base-2 logarithm of 10
     */
    t = (pg_leftmost_one_pos32(v) + 1) * 1233 / 4096;
    return t + (v >= PowersOfTen[t]);
}
 
static inline int
decimalLength64(const uint64 v)
{
    int         t;
    static const uint64 PowersOfTen[] = {
        UINT64CONST(1), UINT64CONST(10),
        UINT64CONST(100), UINT64CONST(1000),
        UINT64CONST(10000), UINT64CONST(100000),
        UINT64CONST(1000000), UINT64CONST(10000000),
        UINT64CONST(100000000), UINT64CONST(1000000000),
        UINT64CONST(10000000000), UINT64CONST(100000000000),
        UINT64CONST(1000000000000), UINT64CONST(10000000000000),
        UINT64CONST(100000000000000), UINT64CONST(1000000000000000),
        UINT64CONST(10000000000000000), UINT64CONST(100000000000000000),
        UINT64CONST(1000000000000000000), UINT64CONST(10000000000000000000)
    };
 
    /*
     * Compute base-10 logarithm by dividing the base-2 logarithm by a
     * good-enough approximation of the base-2 logarithm of 10
     */
    t = (pg_leftmost_one_pos64(v) + 1) * 1233 / 4096;
    return t + (v >= PowersOfTen[t]);
}
 
/*
 * Convert input string to a signed 16 bit integer.
 *
 * Allows any number of leading or trailing whitespace characters. Will throw
 * ereport() upon bad input format or overflow.
 *
 * NB: Accumulate input as a negative number, to deal with two's complement
 * representation of the most negative number, which can't be represented as a
 * positive number.
 */
int16
pg_strtoint16(const char *s)
{
    const char *ptr = s;
    int16       tmp = 0;
    bool        neg = false;
 
    /* skip leading spaces */
    while (likely(*ptr) && isspace((unsigned char) *ptr))
        ptr++;
 
    /* handle sign */
    if (*ptr == '-')
    {
        ptr++;
        neg = true;
    }
    else if (*ptr == '+')
        ptr++;
 
    /* require at least one digit */
    if (unlikely(!isdigit((unsigned char) *ptr)))
        goto invalid_syntax;
 
    /* process digits */
    while (*ptr && isdigit((unsigned char) *ptr))
    {
        int8        digit = (*ptr++ - '0');
 
        if (unlikely(pg_mul_s16_overflow(tmp, 10, &tmp)) ||
            unlikely(pg_sub_s16_overflow(tmp, digit, &tmp)))
            goto out_of_range;
    }
 
    /* allow trailing whitespace, but not other trailing chars */
    while (*ptr != '\0' && isspace((unsigned char) *ptr))
        ptr++;
 
    if (unlikely(*ptr != '\0'))
        goto invalid_syntax;
 
    if (!neg)
    {
        /* could fail if input is most negative number */
        if (unlikely(tmp == PG_INT16_MIN))
            goto out_of_range;
        tmp = -tmp;
    }
 
    return tmp;
 
out_of_range:
    ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("value \"%s\" is out of range for type %s",
                    s, "smallint")));
 
invalid_syntax:
    ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
             errmsg("invalid input syntax for type %s: \"%s\"",
                    "smallint", s)));
 
    return 0;                   /* keep compiler quiet */
}
 
/*
 * Convert input string to a signed 32 bit integer.
 *
 * Allows any number of leading or trailing whitespace characters. Will throw
 * ereport() upon bad input format or overflow.
 *
 * NB: Accumulate input as a negative number, to deal with two's complement
 * representation of the most negative number, which can't be represented as a
 * positive number.
 */
int32
pg_strtoint32(const char *s)
{
    const char *ptr = s;
    int32       tmp = 0;
    bool        neg = false;
 
    /* skip leading spaces */
    while (likely(*ptr) && isspace((unsigned char) *ptr))
        ptr++;
 
    /* handle sign */
    if (*ptr == '-')
    {
        ptr++;
        neg = true;
    }
    else if (*ptr == '+')
        ptr++;
 
    /* require at least one digit */
    if (unlikely(!isdigit((unsigned char) *ptr)))
        goto invalid_syntax;
 
    /* process digits */
    while (*ptr && isdigit((unsigned char) *ptr))
    {
        int8        digit = (*ptr++ - '0');
 
        if (unlikely(pg_mul_s32_overflow(tmp, 10, &tmp)) ||
            unlikely(pg_sub_s32_overflow(tmp, digit, &tmp)))
            goto out_of_range;
    }
 
    /* allow trailing whitespace, but not other trailing chars */
    while (*ptr != '\0' && isspace((unsigned char) *ptr))
        ptr++;
 
    if (unlikely(*ptr != '\0'))
        goto invalid_syntax;
 
    if (!neg)
    {
        /* could fail if input is most negative number */
        if (unlikely(tmp == PG_INT32_MIN))
            goto out_of_range;
        tmp = -tmp;
    }
 
    return tmp;
 
out_of_range:
    ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("value \"%s\" is out of range for type %s",
                    s, "integer")));
 
invalid_syntax:
    ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
             errmsg("invalid input syntax for type %s: \"%s\"",
                    "integer", s)));
 
    return 0;                   /* keep compiler quiet */
}
 
/*
 * Convert input string to a signed 64 bit integer.
 *
 * Allows any number of leading or trailing whitespace characters. Will throw
 * ereport() upon bad input format or overflow.
 *
 * NB: Accumulate input as a negative number, to deal with two's complement
 * representation of the most negative number, which can't be represented as a
 * positive number.
 */
int64
pg_strtoint64(const char *s)
{
    const char *ptr = s;
    int64       tmp = 0;
    bool        neg = false;
 
    /*
     * Do our own scan, rather than relying on sscanf which might be broken
     * for long long.
     *
     * As INT64_MIN can't be stored as a positive 64 bit integer, accumulate
     * value as a negative number.
     */
 
    /* skip leading spaces */
    while (*ptr && isspace((unsigned char) *ptr))
        ptr++;
 
    /* handle sign */
    if (*ptr == '-')
    {
        ptr++;
        neg = true;
    }
    else if (*ptr == '+')
        ptr++;
 
    /* require at least one digit */
    if (unlikely(!isdigit((unsigned char) *ptr)))
        goto invalid_syntax;
 
    /* process digits */
    while (*ptr && isdigit((unsigned char) *ptr))
    {
        int8        digit = (*ptr++ - '0');
 
        if (unlikely(pg_mul_s64_overflow(tmp, 10, &tmp)) ||
            unlikely(pg_sub_s64_overflow(tmp, digit, &tmp)))
            goto out_of_range;
    }
 
    /* allow trailing whitespace, but not other trailing chars */
    while (*ptr != '\0' && isspace((unsigned char) *ptr))
        ptr++;
 
    if (unlikely(*ptr != '\0'))
        goto invalid_syntax;
 
    if (!neg)
    {
        /* could fail if input is most negative number */
        if (unlikely(tmp == PG_INT64_MIN))
            goto out_of_range;
        tmp = -tmp;
    }
 
    return tmp;
 
out_of_range:
    ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("value \"%s\" is out of range for type %s",
                    s, "bigint")));
 
invalid_syntax:
    ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
             errmsg("invalid input syntax for type %s: \"%s\"",
                    "bigint", s)));
 
    return 0;                   /* keep compiler quiet */
}
 
/*
 * pg_itoa: converts a signed 16-bit integer to its string representation
 * and returns strlen(a).
 *
 * Caller must ensure that 'a' points to enough memory to hold the result
 * (at least 7 bytes, counting a leading sign and trailing NUL).
 *
 * It doesn't seem worth implementing this separately.
 */
int
pg_itoa(int16 i, char *a)
{
    return pg_ltoa((int32) i, a);
}
 
/*
 * pg_ultoa_n: converts an unsigned 32-bit integer to its string representation,
 * not NUL-terminated, and returns the length of that string representation
 *
 * Caller must ensure that 'a' points to enough memory to hold the result (at
 * least 10 bytes)
 */
int
pg_ultoa_n(uint32 value, char *a)
{
    int         olength,
                i = 0;
 
    /* Degenerate case */
    if (value == 0)
    {
        *a = '0';
        return 1;
    }
 
    olength = decimalLength32(value);
 
    /* Compute the result string. */
    while (value >= 10000)
    {
        const uint32 c = value - 10000 * (value / 10000);
        const uint32 c0 = (c % 100) << 1;
        const uint32 c1 = (c / 100) << 1;
 
        char       *pos = a + olength - i;
 
        value /= 10000;
 
        memcpy(pos - 2, DIGIT_TABLE + c0, 2);
        memcpy(pos - 4, DIGIT_TABLE + c1, 2);
        i += 4;
    }
    if (value >= 100)
    {
        const uint32 c = (value % 100) << 1;
 
        char       *pos = a + olength - i;
 
        value /= 100;
 
        memcpy(pos - 2, DIGIT_TABLE + c, 2);
        i += 2;
    }
    if (value >= 10)
    {
        const uint32 c = value << 1;
 
        char       *pos = a + olength - i;
 
        memcpy(pos - 2, DIGIT_TABLE + c, 2);
    }
    else
    {
        *a = (char) ('0' + value);
    }
 
    return olength;
}
 
/*
 * pg_ltoa: converts a signed 32-bit integer to its string representation and
 * returns strlen(a).
 *
 * It is the caller's responsibility to ensure that a is at least 12 bytes long,
 * which is enough room to hold a minus sign, a maximally long int32, and the
 * above terminating NUL.
 */
int
pg_ltoa(int32 value, char *a)
{
    uint32      uvalue = (uint32) value;
    int         len = 0;
 
    if (value < 0)
    {
        uvalue = (uint32) 0 - uvalue;
        a[len++] = '-';
    }
    len += pg_ultoa_n(uvalue, a + len);
    a[len] = '\0';
    return len;
}
 
/*
 * Get the decimal representation, not NUL-terminated, and return the length of
 * same.  Caller must ensure that a points to at least MAXINT8LEN bytes.
 */
int
pg_ulltoa_n(uint64 value, char *a)
{
    int         olength,
                i = 0;
    uint32      value2;
 
    /* Degenerate case */
    if (value == 0)
    {
        *a = '0';
        return 1;
    }
 
    olength = decimalLength64(value);
 
    /* Compute the result string. */
    while (value >= 100000000)
    {
        const uint64 q = value / 100000000;
        uint32      value2 = (uint32) (value - 100000000 * q);
 
        const uint32 c = value2 % 10000;
        const uint32 d = value2 / 10000;
        const uint32 c0 = (c % 100) << 1;
        const uint32 c1 = (c / 100) << 1;
        const uint32 d0 = (d % 100) << 1;
        const uint32 d1 = (d / 100) << 1;
 
        char       *pos = a + olength - i;
 
        value = q;
 
        memcpy(pos - 2, DIGIT_TABLE + c0, 2);
        memcpy(pos - 4, DIGIT_TABLE + c1, 2);
        memcpy(pos - 6, DIGIT_TABLE + d0, 2);
        memcpy(pos - 8, DIGIT_TABLE + d1, 2);
        i += 8;
    }
 
    /* Switch to 32-bit for speed */
    value2 = (uint32) value;
 
    if (value2 >= 10000)
    {
        const uint32 c = value2 - 10000 * (value2 / 10000);
        const uint32 c0 = (c % 100) << 1;
        const uint32 c1 = (c / 100) << 1;
 
        char       *pos = a + olength - i;
 
        value2 /= 10000;
 
        memcpy(pos - 2, DIGIT_TABLE + c0, 2);
        memcpy(pos - 4, DIGIT_TABLE + c1, 2);
        i += 4;
    }
    if (value2 >= 100)
    {
        const uint32 c = (value2 % 100) << 1;
        char       *pos = a + olength - i;
 
        value2 /= 100;
 
        memcpy(pos - 2, DIGIT_TABLE + c, 2);
        i += 2;
    }
    if (value2 >= 10)
    {
        const uint32 c = value2 << 1;
        char       *pos = a + olength - i;
 
        memcpy(pos - 2, DIGIT_TABLE + c, 2);
    }
    else
        *a = (char) ('0' + value2);
 
    return olength;
}
 
/*
 * pg_lltoa: converts a signed 64-bit integer to its string representation and
 * returns strlen(a).
 *
 * Caller must ensure that 'a' points to enough memory to hold the result
 * (at least MAXINT8LEN + 1 bytes, counting a leading sign and trailing NUL).
 */
int
pg_lltoa(int64 value, char *a)
{
    uint64      uvalue = value;
    int         len = 0;
 
    if (value < 0)
    {
        uvalue = (uint64) 0 - uvalue;
        a[len++] = '-';
    }
 
    len += pg_ulltoa_n(uvalue, a + len);
    a[len] = '\0';
    return len;
}
 
 
/*
 * pg_ultostr_zeropad
 *      Converts 'value' into a decimal string representation stored at 'str'.
 *      'minwidth' specifies the minimum width of the result; any extra space
 *      is filled up by prefixing the number with zeros.
 *
 * Returns the ending address of the string result (the last character written
 * plus 1).  Note that no NUL terminator is written.
 *
 * The intended use-case for this function is to build strings that contain
 * multiple individual numbers, for example:
 *
 *  str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, hours, 2);
 *  *str++ = ':';
 *  str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, mins, 2);
 *  *str++ = ':';
 *  str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, secs, 2);
 *  *str = '\0';
 *
 * Note: Caller must ensure that 'str' points to enough memory to hold the
 * result.
 */
char *
pg_ultostr_zeropad(char *str, uint32 value, int32 minwidth)
{
    int         len;
 
    Assert(minwidth > 0);
 
    if (value < 100 && minwidth == 2)   /* Short cut for common case */
    {
        memcpy(str, DIGIT_TABLE + value * 2, 2);
        return str + 2;
    }
 
    len = pg_ultoa_n(value, str);
    if (len >= minwidth)
        return str + len;
 
    memmove(str + minwidth - len, str, len);
    memset(str, '0', minwidth - len);
    return str + minwidth;
}
 
/*
 * pg_ultostr
 *      Converts 'value' into a decimal string representation stored at 'str'.
 *
 * Returns the ending address of the string result (the last character written
 * plus 1).  Note that no NUL terminator is written.
 *
 * The intended use-case for this function is to build strings that contain
 * multiple individual numbers, for example:
 *
 *  str = pg_ultostr(str, a);
 *  *str++ = ' ';
 *  str = pg_ultostr(str, b);
 *  *str = '\0';
 *
 * Note: Caller must ensure that 'str' points to enough memory to hold the
 * result.
 */
char *
pg_ultostr(char *str, uint32 value)
{
    int         len = pg_ultoa_n(value, str);
 
    return str + len;
}