numutils.c

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * numutils.c
 *    utility functions for I/O of built-in numeric types.
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2021, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *    src/backend/utils/adt/numutils.c
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#include "postgres.h"

#include <math.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#include "common/int.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "port/pg_bitutils.h"

/*
 * A table of all two-digit numbers. This is used to speed up decimal digit
 * generation by copying pairs of digits into the final output.
 */
static const char DIGIT_TABLE[200] =
"00" "01" "02" "03" "04" "05" "06" "07" "08" "09"
"10" "11" "12" "13" "14" "15" "16" "17" "18" "19"
"20" "21" "22" "23" "24" "25" "26" "27" "28" "29"
"30" "31" "32" "33" "34" "35" "36" "37" "38" "39"
"40" "41" "42" "43" "44" "45" "46" "47" "48" "49"
"50" "51" "52" "53" "54" "55" "56" "57" "58" "59"
"60" "61" "62" "63" "64" "65" "66" "67" "68" "69"
"70" "71" "72" "73" "74" "75" "76" "77" "78" "79"
"80" "81" "82" "83" "84" "85" "86" "87" "88" "89"
"90" "91" "92" "93" "94" "95" "96" "97" "98" "99";

/*
 * Adapted from http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#IntegerLog10
 */
static inline int
decimalLength32(const uint32 v)
{
    int         t;
    static const uint32 PowersOfTen[] = {
        1, 10, 100,
        1000, 10000, 100000,
        1000000, 10000000, 100000000,
        1000000000
    };

    /*
     * Compute base-10 logarithm by dividing the base-2 logarithm by a
     * good-enough approximation of the base-2 logarithm of 10
     */
    t = (pg_leftmost_one_pos32(v) + 1) * 1233 / 4096;
    return t + (v >= PowersOfTen[t]);
}

static inline int
decimalLength64(const uint64 v)
{
    int         t;
    static const uint64 PowersOfTen[] = {
        UINT64CONST(1), UINT64CONST(10),
        UINT64CONST(100), UINT64CONST(1000),
        UINT64CONST(10000), UINT64CONST(100000),
        UINT64CONST(1000000), UINT64CONST(10000000),
        UINT64CONST(100000000), UINT64CONST(1000000000),
        UINT64CONST(10000000000), UINT64CONST(100000000000),
        UINT64CONST(1000000000000), UINT64CONST(10000000000000),
        UINT64CONST(100000000000000), UINT64CONST(1000000000000000),
        UINT64CONST(10000000000000000), UINT64CONST(100000000000000000),
        UINT64CONST(1000000000000000000), UINT64CONST(10000000000000000000)
    };

    /*
     * Compute base-10 logarithm by dividing the base-2 logarithm by a
     * good-enough approximation of the base-2 logarithm of 10
     */
    t = (pg_leftmost_one_pos64(v) + 1) * 1233 / 4096;
    return t + (v >= PowersOfTen[t]);
}

/*
 * pg_atoi: convert string to integer
 *
 * allows any number of leading or trailing whitespace characters.
 *
 * 'size' is the sizeof() the desired integral result (1, 2, or 4 bytes).
 *
 * c, if not 0, is a terminator character that may appear after the
 * integer (plus whitespace).  If 0, the string must end after the integer.
 *
 * Unlike plain atoi(), this will throw ereport() upon bad input format or
 * overflow.
 */
int32
pg_atoi(const char *s, int size, int c)
{
    long        l;
    char       *badp;

    /*
     * Some versions of strtol treat the empty string as an error, but some
     * seem not to.  Make an explicit test to be sure we catch it.
     */
    if (s == NULL)
        elog(ERROR, "NULL pointer");
    if (*s == 0)
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
                 errmsg("invalid input syntax for type %s: \"%s\"",
                        "integer", s)));

    errno = 0;
    l = strtol(s, &badp, 10);

    /* We made no progress parsing the string, so bail out */
    if (s == badp)
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
                 errmsg("invalid input syntax for type %s: \"%s\"",
                        "integer", s)));

    switch (size)
    {
        case sizeof(int32):
            if (errno == ERANGE
#if defined(HAVE_LONG_INT_64)
            /* won't get ERANGE on these with 64-bit longs... */
                || l < INT_MIN || l > INT_MAX
#endif
                )
                ereport(ERROR,
                        (errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
                         errmsg("value \"%s\" is out of range for type %s", s,
                                "integer")));
            break;
        case sizeof(int16):
            if (errno == ERANGE || l < SHRT_MIN || l > SHRT_MAX)
                ereport(ERROR,
                        (errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
                         errmsg("value \"%s\" is out of range for type %s", s,
                                "smallint")));
            break;
        case sizeof(int8):
            if (errno == ERANGE || l < SCHAR_MIN || l > SCHAR_MAX)
                ereport(ERROR,
                        (errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
                         errmsg("value \"%s\" is out of range for 8-bit integer", s)));
            break;
        default:
            elog(ERROR, "unsupported result size: %d", size);
    }

    /*
     * Skip any trailing whitespace; if anything but whitespace remains before
     * the terminating character, bail out
     */
    while (*badp && *badp != c && isspace((unsigned char) *badp))
        badp++;

    if (*badp && *badp != c)
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
                 errmsg("invalid input syntax for type %s: \"%s\"",
                        "integer", s)));

    return (int32) l;
}

/*
 * Convert input string to a signed 16 bit integer.
 *
 * Allows any number of leading or trailing whitespace characters. Will throw
 * ereport() upon bad input format or overflow.
 *
 * NB: Accumulate input as a negative number, to deal with two's complement
 * representation of the most negative number, which can't be represented as a
 * positive number.
 */
int16
pg_strtoint16(const char *s)
{
    const char *ptr = s;
    int16       tmp = 0;
    bool        neg = false;

    /* skip leading spaces */
    while (likely(*ptr) && isspace((unsigned char) *ptr))
        ptr++;

    /* handle sign */
    if (*ptr == '-')
    {
        ptr++;
        neg = true;
    }
    else if (*ptr == '+')
        ptr++;

    /* require at least one digit */
    if (unlikely(!isdigit((unsigned char) *ptr)))
        goto invalid_syntax;

    /* process digits */
    while (*ptr && isdigit((unsigned char) *ptr))
    {
        int8        digit = (*ptr++ - '0');

        if (unlikely(pg_mul_s16_overflow(tmp, 10, &tmp)) ||
            unlikely(pg_sub_s16_overflow(tmp, digit, &tmp)))
            goto out_of_range;
    }

    /* allow trailing whitespace, but not other trailing chars */
    while (*ptr != '\0' && isspace((unsigned char) *ptr))
        ptr++;

    if (unlikely(*ptr != '\0'))
        goto invalid_syntax;

    if (!neg)
    {
        /* could fail if input is most negative number */
        if (unlikely(tmp == PG_INT16_MIN))
            goto out_of_range;
        tmp = -tmp;
    }

    return tmp;

out_of_range:
    ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("value \"%s\" is out of range for type %s",
                    s, "smallint")));

invalid_syntax:
    ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
             errmsg("invalid input syntax for type %s: \"%s\"",
                    "smallint", s)));

    return 0;                   /* keep compiler quiet */
}

/*
 * Convert input string to a signed 32 bit integer.
 *
 * Allows any number of leading or trailing whitespace characters. Will throw
 * ereport() upon bad input format or overflow.
 *
 * NB: Accumulate input as a negative number, to deal with two's complement
 * representation of the most negative number, which can't be represented as a
 * positive number.
 */
int32
pg_strtoint32(const char *s)
{
    const char *ptr = s;
    int32       tmp = 0;
    bool        neg = false;

    /* skip leading spaces */
    while (likely(*ptr) && isspace((unsigned char) *ptr))
        ptr++;

    /* handle sign */
    if (*ptr == '-')
    {
        ptr++;
        neg = true;
    }
    else if (*ptr == '+')
        ptr++;

    /* require at least one digit */
    if (unlikely(!isdigit((unsigned char) *ptr)))
        goto invalid_syntax;

    /* process digits */
    while (*ptr && isdigit((unsigned char) *ptr))
    {
        int8        digit = (*ptr++ - '0');

        if (unlikely(pg_mul_s32_overflow(tmp, 10, &tmp)) ||
            unlikely(pg_sub_s32_overflow(tmp, digit, &tmp)))
            goto out_of_range;
    }

    /* allow trailing whitespace, but not other trailing chars */
    while (*ptr != '\0' && isspace((unsigned char) *ptr))
        ptr++;

    if (unlikely(*ptr != '\0'))
        goto invalid_syntax;

    if (!neg)
    {
        /* could fail if input is most negative number */
        if (unlikely(tmp == PG_INT32_MIN))
            goto out_of_range;
        tmp = -tmp;
    }

    return tmp;

out_of_range:
    ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_NUMERIC_VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE),
             errmsg("value \"%s\" is out of range for type %s",
                    s, "integer")));

invalid_syntax:
    ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
             errmsg("invalid input syntax for type %s: \"%s\"",
                    "integer", s)));

    return 0;                   /* keep compiler quiet */
}

/*
 * pg_itoa: converts a signed 16-bit integer to its string representation
 * and returns strlen(a).
 *
 * Caller must ensure that 'a' points to enough memory to hold the result
 * (at least 7 bytes, counting a leading sign and trailing NUL).
 *
 * It doesn't seem worth implementing this separately.
 */
int
pg_itoa(int16 i, char *a)
{
    return pg_ltoa((int32) i, a);
}

/*
 * pg_ultoa_n: converts an unsigned 32-bit integer to its string representation,
 * not NUL-terminated, and returns the length of that string representation
 *
 * Caller must ensure that 'a' points to enough memory to hold the result (at
 * least 10 bytes)
 */
int
pg_ultoa_n(uint32 value, char *a)
{
    int         olength,
                i = 0;

    /* Degenerate case */
    if (value == 0)
    {
        *a = '0';
        return 1;
    }

    olength = decimalLength32(value);

    /* Compute the result string. */
    while (value >= 10000)
    {
        const uint32 c = value - 10000 * (value / 10000);
        const uint32 c0 = (c % 100) << 1;
        const uint32 c1 = (c / 100) << 1;

        char       *pos = a + olength - i;

        value /= 10000;

        memcpy(pos - 2, DIGIT_TABLE + c0, 2);
        memcpy(pos - 4, DIGIT_TABLE + c1, 2);
        i += 4;
    }
    if (value >= 100)
    {
        const uint32 c = (value % 100) << 1;

        char       *pos = a + olength - i;

        value /= 100;

        memcpy(pos - 2, DIGIT_TABLE + c, 2);
        i += 2;
    }
    if (value >= 10)
    {
        const uint32 c = value << 1;

        char       *pos = a + olength - i;

        memcpy(pos - 2, DIGIT_TABLE + c, 2);
    }
    else
    {
        *a = (char) ('0' + value);
    }

    return olength;
}

/*
 * pg_ltoa: converts a signed 32-bit integer to its string representation and
 * returns strlen(a).
 *
 * It is the caller's responsibility to ensure that a is at least 12 bytes long,
 * which is enough room to hold a minus sign, a maximally long int32, and the
 * above terminating NUL.
 */
int
pg_ltoa(int32 value, char *a)
{
    uint32      uvalue = (uint32) value;
    int         len = 0;

    if (value < 0)
    {
        uvalue = (uint32) 0 - uvalue;
        a[len++] = '-';
    }
    len += pg_ultoa_n(uvalue, a + len);
    a[len] = '\0';
    return len;
}

/*
 * Get the decimal representation, not NUL-terminated, and return the length of
 * same.  Caller must ensure that a points to at least MAXINT8LEN bytes.
 */
int
pg_ulltoa_n(uint64 value, char *a)
{
    int         olength,
                i = 0;
    uint32      value2;

    /* Degenerate case */
    if (value == 0)
    {
        *a = '0';
        return 1;
    }

    olength = decimalLength64(value);

    /* Compute the result string. */
    while (value >= 100000000)
    {
        const uint64 q = value / 100000000;
        uint32      value2 = (uint32) (value - 100000000 * q);

        const uint32 c = value2 % 10000;
        const uint32 d = value2 / 10000;
        const uint32 c0 = (c % 100) << 1;
        const uint32 c1 = (c / 100) << 1;
        const uint32 d0 = (d % 100) << 1;
        const uint32 d1 = (d / 100) << 1;

        char       *pos = a + olength - i;

        value = q;

        memcpy(pos - 2, DIGIT_TABLE + c0, 2);
        memcpy(pos - 4, DIGIT_TABLE + c1, 2);
        memcpy(pos - 6, DIGIT_TABLE + d0, 2);
        memcpy(pos - 8, DIGIT_TABLE + d1, 2);
        i += 8;
    }

    /* Switch to 32-bit for speed */
    value2 = (uint32) value;

    if (value2 >= 10000)
    {
        const uint32 c = value2 - 10000 * (value2 / 10000);
        const uint32 c0 = (c % 100) << 1;
        const uint32 c1 = (c / 100) << 1;

        char       *pos = a + olength - i;

        value2 /= 10000;

        memcpy(pos - 2, DIGIT_TABLE + c0, 2);
        memcpy(pos - 4, DIGIT_TABLE + c1, 2);
        i += 4;
    }
    if (value2 >= 100)
    {
        const uint32 c = (value2 % 100) << 1;
        char       *pos = a + olength - i;

        value2 /= 100;

        memcpy(pos - 2, DIGIT_TABLE + c, 2);
        i += 2;
    }
    if (value2 >= 10)
    {
        const uint32 c = value2 << 1;
        char       *pos = a + olength - i;

        memcpy(pos - 2, DIGIT_TABLE + c, 2);
    }
    else
        *a = (char) ('0' + value2);

    return olength;
}

/*
 * pg_lltoa: converts a signed 64-bit integer to its string representation and
 * returns strlen(a).
 *
 * Caller must ensure that 'a' points to enough memory to hold the result
 * (at least MAXINT8LEN + 1 bytes, counting a leading sign and trailing NUL).
 */
int
pg_lltoa(int64 value, char *a)
{
    uint64      uvalue = value;
    int         len = 0;

    if (value < 0)
    {
        uvalue = (uint64) 0 - uvalue;
        a[len++] = '-';
    }

    len += pg_ulltoa_n(uvalue, a + len);
    a[len] = '\0';
    return len;
}


/*
 * pg_ultostr_zeropad
 *      Converts 'value' into a decimal string representation stored at 'str'.
 *      'minwidth' specifies the minimum width of the result; any extra space
 *      is filled up by prefixing the number with zeros.
 *
 * Returns the ending address of the string result (the last character written
 * plus 1).  Note that no NUL terminator is written.
 *
 * The intended use-case for this function is to build strings that contain
 * multiple individual numbers, for example:
 *
 *  str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, hours, 2);
 *  *str++ = ':';
 *  str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, mins, 2);
 *  *str++ = ':';
 *  str = pg_ultostr_zeropad(str, secs, 2);
 *  *str = '\0';
 *
 * Note: Caller must ensure that 'str' points to enough memory to hold the
 * result.
 */
char *
pg_ultostr_zeropad(char *str, uint32 value, int32 minwidth)
{
    int         len;

    Assert(minwidth > 0);

    if (value < 100 && minwidth == 2)   /* Short cut for common case */
    {
        memcpy(str, DIGIT_TABLE + value * 2, 2);
        return str + 2;
    }

    len = pg_ultoa_n(value, str);
    if (len >= minwidth)
        return str + len;

    memmove(str + minwidth - len, str, len);
    memset(str, '0', minwidth - len);
    return str + minwidth;
}

/*
 * pg_ultostr
 *      Converts 'value' into a decimal string representation stored at 'str'.
 *
 * Returns the ending address of the string result (the last character written
 * plus 1).  Note that no NUL terminator is written.
 *
 * The intended use-case for this function is to build strings that contain
 * multiple individual numbers, for example:
 *
 *  str = pg_ultostr(str, a);
 *  *str++ = ' ';
 *  str = pg_ultostr(str, b);
 *  *str = '\0';
 *
 * Note: Caller must ensure that 'str' points to enough memory to hold the
 * result.
 */
char *
pg_ultostr(char *str, uint32 value)
{
    int         len = pg_ultoa_n(value, str);

    return str + len;
}

/*
 * pg_strtouint64
 *      Converts 'str' into an unsigned 64-bit integer.
 *
 * This has the identical API to strtoul(3), except that it will handle
 * 64-bit ints even where "long" is narrower than that.
 *
 * For the moment it seems sufficient to assume that the platform has
 * such a function somewhere; let's not roll our own.
 */
uint64
pg_strtouint64(const char *str, char **endptr, int base)
{
#ifdef _MSC_VER                 /* MSVC only */
    return _strtoui64(str, endptr, base);
#elif defined(HAVE_STRTOULL) && SIZEOF_LONG < 8
    return strtoull(str, endptr, base);
#else
    return strtoul(str, endptr, base);
#endif
}