compression.c

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * compression.c
 *
 * Shared code for compression methods and specifications.
 *
 * A compression specification specifies the parameters that should be used
 * when performing compression with a specific algorithm. The simplest
 * possible compression specification is an integer, which sets the
 * compression level.
 *
 * Otherwise, a compression specification is a comma-separated list of items,
 * each having the form keyword or keyword=value.
 *
 * Currently, the supported keywords are "level", "long", and "workers".
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2026, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *        src/common/compression.c
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
 
#ifndef FRONTEND
#include "postgres.h"
#else
#include "postgres_fe.h"
#endif
 
#ifdef USE_ZSTD
#include <zstd.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_LIBZ
#include <zlib.h>
#endif
 
#include "common/compression.h"
 
static int  expect_integer_value(char *keyword, char *value,
                                 pg_compress_specification *result);
static bool expect_boolean_value(char *keyword, char *value,
                                 pg_compress_specification *result);
 
/*
 * Look up a compression algorithm by archive file extension. Returns true and
 * sets *algorithm if the extension is recognized. Otherwise returns false.
 */
bool
parse_tar_compress_algorithm(const char *fname, pg_compress_algorithm *algorithm)
{
    size_t      fname_len = strlen(fname);
 
    if (fname_len >= 4 &&
        strcmp(fname + fname_len - 4, ".tar") == 0)
        *algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_NONE;
    else if (fname_len >= 4 &&
             strcmp(fname + fname_len - 4, ".tgz") == 0)
        *algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_GZIP;
    else if (fname_len >= 7 &&
             strcmp(fname + fname_len - 7, ".tar.gz") == 0)
        *algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_GZIP;
    else if (fname_len >= 8 &&
             strcmp(fname + fname_len - 8, ".tar.lz4") == 0)
        *algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_LZ4;
    else if (fname_len >= 8 &&
             strcmp(fname + fname_len - 8, ".tar.zst") == 0)
        *algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_ZSTD;
    else
        return false;
 
    return true;
}
 
/*
 * Look up a compression algorithm by name. Returns true and sets *algorithm
 * if the name is recognized. Otherwise returns false.
 */
bool
parse_compress_algorithm(char *name, pg_compress_algorithm *algorithm)
{
    if (strcmp(name, "none") == 0)
        *algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_NONE;
    else if (strcmp(name, "gzip") == 0)
        *algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_GZIP;
    else if (strcmp(name, "lz4") == 0)
        *algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_LZ4;
    else if (strcmp(name, "zstd") == 0)
        *algorithm = PG_COMPRESSION_ZSTD;
    else
        return false;
    return true;
}
 
/*
 * Get the human-readable name corresponding to a particular compression
 * algorithm.
 */
const char *
get_compress_algorithm_name(pg_compress_algorithm algorithm)
{
    switch (algorithm)
    {
        case PG_COMPRESSION_NONE:
            return "none";
        case PG_COMPRESSION_GZIP:
            return "gzip";
        case PG_COMPRESSION_LZ4:
            return "lz4";
        case PG_COMPRESSION_ZSTD:
            return "zstd";
            /* no default, to provoke compiler warnings if values are added */
    }
    Assert(false);
    return "???";               /* placate compiler */
}
 
/*
 * Parse a compression specification for a specified algorithm.
 *
 * See the file header comments for a brief description of what a compression
 * specification is expected to look like.
 *
 * On return, all fields of the result object will be initialized.
 * In particular, result->parse_error will be NULL if no errors occurred
 * during parsing, and will otherwise contain an appropriate error message.
 * The caller may free this error message string using pfree, if desired.
 * Note, however, even if there's no parse error, the string might not make
 * sense: e.g. for gzip, level=12 is not sensible, but it does parse OK.
 *
 * The compression level is assigned by default if not directly specified
 * by the specification.
 *
 * Use validate_compress_specification() to find out whether a compression
 * specification is semantically sensible.
 */
void
parse_compress_specification(pg_compress_algorithm algorithm, char *specification,
                             pg_compress_specification *result)
{
    int         bare_level;
    char       *bare_level_endp;
 
    /* Initial setup of result object. */
    result->algorithm = algorithm;
    result->options = 0;
    result->parse_error = NULL;
 
    /*
     * Assign a default level depending on the compression method.  This may
     * be enforced later.
     */
    switch (result->algorithm)
    {
        case PG_COMPRESSION_NONE:
            result->level = 0;
            break;
        case PG_COMPRESSION_LZ4:
#ifdef USE_LZ4
            result->level = 0;  /* fast compression mode */
#else
            result->parse_error =
                psprintf(_("this build does not support compression with %s"),
                         "LZ4");
#endif
            break;
        case PG_COMPRESSION_ZSTD:
#ifdef USE_ZSTD
            result->level = ZSTD_CLEVEL_DEFAULT;
#else
            result->parse_error =
                psprintf(_("this build does not support compression with %s"),
                         "ZSTD");
#endif
            break;
        case PG_COMPRESSION_GZIP:
#ifdef HAVE_LIBZ
            result->level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
#else
            result->parse_error =
                psprintf(_("this build does not support compression with %s"),
                         "gzip");
#endif
            break;
    }
 
    /* If there is no specification, we're done already. */
    if (specification == NULL)
        return;
 
    /* As a special case, the specification can be a bare integer. */
    bare_level = strtol(specification, &bare_level_endp, 10);
    if (specification != bare_level_endp && *bare_level_endp == '\0')
    {
        result->level = bare_level;
        return;
    }
 
    /* Look for comma-separated keyword or keyword=value entries. */
    while (1)
    {
        char       *kwstart;
        char       *kwend;
        char       *vstart;
        char       *vend;
        int         kwlen;
        int         vlen;
        bool        has_value;
        char       *keyword;
        char       *value;
 
        /* Figure start, end, and length of next keyword and any value. */
        kwstart = kwend = specification;
        while (*kwend != '\0' && *kwend != ',' && *kwend != '=')
            ++kwend;
        kwlen = kwend - kwstart;
        if (*kwend != '=')
        {
            vstart = vend = NULL;
            vlen = 0;
            has_value = false;
        }
        else
        {
            vstart = vend = kwend + 1;
            while (*vend != '\0' && *vend != ',')
                ++vend;
            vlen = vend - vstart;
            has_value = true;
        }
 
        /* Reject empty keyword. */
        if (kwlen == 0)
        {
            result->parse_error =
                pstrdup(_("found empty string where a compression option was expected"));
            break;
        }
 
        /* Extract keyword and value as separate C strings. */
        keyword = palloc(kwlen + 1);
        memcpy(keyword, kwstart, kwlen);
        keyword[kwlen] = '\0';
        if (!has_value)
            value = NULL;
        else
        {
            value = palloc(vlen + 1);
            memcpy(value, vstart, vlen);
            value[vlen] = '\0';
        }
 
        /* Handle whatever keyword we found. */
        if (strcmp(keyword, "level") == 0)
        {
            result->level = expect_integer_value(keyword, value, result);
 
            /*
             * No need to set a flag in "options", there is a default level
             * set at least thanks to the logic above.
             */
        }
        else if (strcmp(keyword, "workers") == 0)
        {
            result->workers = expect_integer_value(keyword, value, result);
            result->options |= PG_COMPRESSION_OPTION_WORKERS;
        }
        else if (strcmp(keyword, "long") == 0)
        {
            result->long_distance = expect_boolean_value(keyword, value, result);
            result->options |= PG_COMPRESSION_OPTION_LONG_DISTANCE;
        }
        else
            result->parse_error =
                psprintf(_("unrecognized compression option: \"%s\""), keyword);
 
        /* Release memory, just to be tidy. */
        pfree(keyword);
        if (value != NULL)
            pfree(value);
 
        /*
         * If we got an error or have reached the end of the string, stop.
         *
         * If there is no value, then the end of the keyword might have been
         * the end of the string. If there is a value, then the end of the
         * keyword cannot have been the end of the string, but the end of the
         * value might have been.
         */
        if (result->parse_error != NULL ||
            (vend == NULL ? *kwend == '\0' : *vend == '\0'))
            break;
 
        /* Advance to next entry and loop around. */
        specification = vend == NULL ? kwend + 1 : vend + 1;
    }
}
 
/*
 * Parse 'value' as an integer and return the result.
 *
 * If parsing fails, set result->parse_error to an appropriate message
 * and return -1.
 */
static int
expect_integer_value(char *keyword, char *value, pg_compress_specification *result)
{
    int         ivalue;
    char       *ivalue_endp;
 
    if (value == NULL)
    {
        result->parse_error =
            psprintf(_("compression option \"%s\" requires a value"),
                     keyword);
        return -1;
    }
 
    ivalue = strtol(value, &ivalue_endp, 10);
    if (ivalue_endp == value || *ivalue_endp != '\0')
    {
        result->parse_error =
            psprintf(_("value for compression option \"%s\" must be an integer"),
                     keyword);
        return -1;
    }
    return ivalue;
}
 
/*
 * Parse 'value' as a boolean and return the result.
 *
 * If parsing fails, set result->parse_error to an appropriate message
 * and return -1.  The caller must check result->parse_error to determine if
 * the call was successful.
 *
 * Valid values are: yes, no, on, off, 1, 0.
 *
 * Inspired by ParseVariableBool().
 */
static bool
expect_boolean_value(char *keyword, char *value, pg_compress_specification *result)
{
    if (value == NULL)
        return true;
 
    if (pg_strcasecmp(value, "yes") == 0)
        return true;
    if (pg_strcasecmp(value, "on") == 0)
        return true;
    if (pg_strcasecmp(value, "1") == 0)
        return true;
 
    if (pg_strcasecmp(value, "no") == 0)
        return false;
    if (pg_strcasecmp(value, "off") == 0)
        return false;
    if (pg_strcasecmp(value, "0") == 0)
        return false;
 
    result->parse_error =
        psprintf(_("value for compression option \"%s\" must be a Boolean value"),
                 keyword);
    return false;
}
 
/*
 * Returns NULL if the compression specification string was syntactically
 * valid and semantically sensible.  Otherwise, returns an error message.
 *
 * Does not test whether this build of PostgreSQL supports the requested
 * compression method.
 */
char *
validate_compress_specification(pg_compress_specification *spec)
{
    int         min_level = 1;
    int         max_level = 1;
    int         default_level = 0;
 
    /* If it didn't even parse OK, it's definitely no good. */
    if (spec->parse_error != NULL)
        return spec->parse_error;
 
    /*
     * Check that the algorithm expects a compression level and it is within
     * the legal range for the algorithm.
     */
    switch (spec->algorithm)
    {
        case PG_COMPRESSION_GZIP:
            max_level = 9;
#ifdef HAVE_LIBZ
            default_level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
#endif
            break;
        case PG_COMPRESSION_LZ4:
            max_level = 12;
            default_level = 0;  /* fast mode */
            break;
        case PG_COMPRESSION_ZSTD:
#ifdef USE_ZSTD
            max_level = ZSTD_maxCLevel();
            min_level = ZSTD_minCLevel();
            default_level = ZSTD_CLEVEL_DEFAULT;
#endif
            break;
        case PG_COMPRESSION_NONE:
            if (spec->level != 0)
                return psprintf(_("compression algorithm \"%s\" does not accept a compression level"),
                                get_compress_algorithm_name(spec->algorithm));
            break;
    }
 
    if ((spec->level < min_level || spec->level > max_level) &&
        spec->level != default_level)
        return psprintf(_("compression algorithm \"%s\" expects a compression level between %d and %d (default at %d)"),
                        get_compress_algorithm_name(spec->algorithm),
                        min_level, max_level, default_level);
 
    /*
     * Of the compression algorithms that we currently support, only zstd
     * allows parallel workers.
     */
    if ((spec->options & PG_COMPRESSION_OPTION_WORKERS) != 0 &&
        (spec->algorithm != PG_COMPRESSION_ZSTD))
    {
        return psprintf(_("compression algorithm \"%s\" does not accept a worker count"),
                        get_compress_algorithm_name(spec->algorithm));
    }
 
    /*
     * Of the compression algorithms that we currently support, only zstd
     * supports long-distance mode.
     */
    if ((spec->options & PG_COMPRESSION_OPTION_LONG_DISTANCE) != 0 &&
        (spec->algorithm != PG_COMPRESSION_ZSTD))
    {
        return psprintf(_("compression algorithm \"%s\" does not support long-distance mode"),
                        get_compress_algorithm_name(spec->algorithm));
    }
 
    return NULL;
}
 
#ifdef FRONTEND
 
/*
 * Basic parsing of a value specified through a command-line option, commonly
 * -Z/--compress.
 *
 * The parsing consists of a METHOD:DETAIL string fed later to
 * parse_compress_specification().  This only extracts METHOD and DETAIL.
 * If only an integer is found, the method is implied by the value specified.
 */
void
parse_compress_options(const char *option, char **algorithm, char **detail)
{
    const char *sep;
    char       *endp;
    long        result;
 
    /*
     * Check whether the compression specification consists of a bare integer.
     *
     * For backward-compatibility, assume "none" if the integer found is zero
     * and "gzip" otherwise.
     */
    result = strtol(option, &endp, 10);
    if (*endp == '\0')
    {
        if (result == 0)
        {
            *algorithm = pstrdup("none");
            *detail = NULL;
        }
        else
        {
            *algorithm = pstrdup("gzip");
            *detail = pstrdup(option);
        }
        return;
    }
 
    /*
     * Check whether there is a compression detail following the algorithm
     * name.
     */
    sep = strchr(option, ':');
    if (sep == NULL)
    {
        *algorithm = pstrdup(option);
        *detail = NULL;
    }
    else
    {
        char       *alg;
 
        alg = palloc((sep - option) + 1);
        memcpy(alg, option, sep - option);
        alg[sep - option] = '\0';
 
        *algorithm = alg;
        *detail = pstrdup(sep + 1);
    }
}
#endif                          /* FRONTEND */