scram-common.c

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * scram-common.c
 *      Shared frontend/backend code for SCRAM authentication
 *
 * This contains the common low-level functions needed in both frontend and
 * backend, for implement the Salted Challenge Response Authentication
 * Mechanism (SCRAM), per IETF's RFC 5802.
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 2017-2019, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *    src/common/scram-common.c
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#ifndef FRONTEND
#include "postgres.h"
#else
#include "postgres_fe.h"
#endif

#include "common/base64.h"
#include "common/scram-common.h"
#include "port/pg_bswap.h"

#define HMAC_IPAD 0x36
#define HMAC_OPAD 0x5C

/*
 * Calculate HMAC per RFC2104.
 *
 * The hash function used is SHA-256.
 */
void
scram_HMAC_init(scram_HMAC_ctx *ctx, const uint8 *key, int keylen)
{
    uint8       k_ipad[SHA256_HMAC_B];
    int         i;
    uint8       keybuf[SCRAM_KEY_LEN];

    /*
     * If the key is longer than the block size (64 bytes for SHA-256), pass
     * it through SHA-256 once to shrink it down.
     */
    if (keylen > SHA256_HMAC_B)
    {
        pg_sha256_ctx sha256_ctx;

        pg_sha256_init(&sha256_ctx);
        pg_sha256_update(&sha256_ctx, key, keylen);
        pg_sha256_final(&sha256_ctx, keybuf);
        key = keybuf;
        keylen = SCRAM_KEY_LEN;
    }

    memset(k_ipad, HMAC_IPAD, SHA256_HMAC_B);
    memset(ctx->k_opad, HMAC_OPAD, SHA256_HMAC_B);

    for (i = 0; i < keylen; i++)
    {
        k_ipad[i] ^= key[i];
        ctx->k_opad[i] ^= key[i];
    }

    /* tmp = H(K XOR ipad, text) */
    pg_sha256_init(&ctx->sha256ctx);
    pg_sha256_update(&ctx->sha256ctx, k_ipad, SHA256_HMAC_B);
}

/*
 * Update HMAC calculation
 * The hash function used is SHA-256.
 */
void
scram_HMAC_update(scram_HMAC_ctx *ctx, const char *str, int slen)
{
    pg_sha256_update(&ctx->sha256ctx, (const uint8 *) str, slen);
}

/*
 * Finalize HMAC calculation.
 * The hash function used is SHA-256.
 */
void
scram_HMAC_final(uint8 *result, scram_HMAC_ctx *ctx)
{
    uint8       h[SCRAM_KEY_LEN];

    pg_sha256_final(&ctx->sha256ctx, h);

    /* H(K XOR opad, tmp) */
    pg_sha256_init(&ctx->sha256ctx);
    pg_sha256_update(&ctx->sha256ctx, ctx->k_opad, SHA256_HMAC_B);
    pg_sha256_update(&ctx->sha256ctx, h, SCRAM_KEY_LEN);
    pg_sha256_final(&ctx->sha256ctx, result);
}

/*
 * Calculate SaltedPassword.
 *
 * The password should already be normalized by SASLprep.
 */
void
scram_SaltedPassword(const char *password,
                     const char *salt, int saltlen, int iterations,
                     uint8 *result)
{
    int         password_len = strlen(password);
    uint32      one = pg_hton32(1);
    int         i,
                j;
    uint8       Ui[SCRAM_KEY_LEN];
    uint8       Ui_prev[SCRAM_KEY_LEN];
    scram_HMAC_ctx hmac_ctx;

    /*
     * Iterate hash calculation of HMAC entry using given salt.  This is
     * essentially PBKDF2 (see RFC2898) with HMAC() as the pseudorandom
     * function.
     */

    /* First iteration */
    scram_HMAC_init(&hmac_ctx, (uint8 *) password, password_len);
    scram_HMAC_update(&hmac_ctx, salt, saltlen);
    scram_HMAC_update(&hmac_ctx, (char *) &one, sizeof(uint32));
    scram_HMAC_final(Ui_prev, &hmac_ctx);
    memcpy(result, Ui_prev, SCRAM_KEY_LEN);

    /* Subsequent iterations */
    for (i = 2; i <= iterations; i++)
    {
        scram_HMAC_init(&hmac_ctx, (uint8 *) password, password_len);
        scram_HMAC_update(&hmac_ctx, (const char *) Ui_prev, SCRAM_KEY_LEN);
        scram_HMAC_final(Ui, &hmac_ctx);
        for (j = 0; j < SCRAM_KEY_LEN; j++)
            result[j] ^= Ui[j];
        memcpy(Ui_prev, Ui, SCRAM_KEY_LEN);
    }
}


/*
 * Calculate SHA-256 hash for a NULL-terminated string. (The NULL terminator is
 * not included in the hash).
 */
void
scram_H(const uint8 *input, int len, uint8 *result)
{
    pg_sha256_ctx ctx;

    pg_sha256_init(&ctx);
    pg_sha256_update(&ctx, input, len);
    pg_sha256_final(&ctx, result);
}

/*
 * Calculate ClientKey.
 */
void
scram_ClientKey(const uint8 *salted_password, uint8 *result)
{
    scram_HMAC_ctx ctx;

    scram_HMAC_init(&ctx, salted_password, SCRAM_KEY_LEN);
    scram_HMAC_update(&ctx, "Client Key", strlen("Client Key"));
    scram_HMAC_final(result, &ctx);
}

/*
 * Calculate ServerKey.
 */
void
scram_ServerKey(const uint8 *salted_password, uint8 *result)
{
    scram_HMAC_ctx ctx;

    scram_HMAC_init(&ctx, salted_password, SCRAM_KEY_LEN);
    scram_HMAC_update(&ctx, "Server Key", strlen("Server Key"));
    scram_HMAC_final(result, &ctx);
}


/*
 * Construct a SCRAM secret, for storing in pg_authid.rolpassword.
 *
 * The password should already have been processed with SASLprep, if necessary!
 *
 * If iterations is 0, default number of iterations is used.  The result is
 * palloc'd or malloc'd, so caller is responsible for freeing it.
 */
char *
scram_build_secret(const char *salt, int saltlen, int iterations,
                     const char *password)
{
    uint8       salted_password[SCRAM_KEY_LEN];
    uint8       stored_key[SCRAM_KEY_LEN];
    uint8       server_key[SCRAM_KEY_LEN];
    char       *result;
    char       *p;
    int         maxlen;
    int         encoded_salt_len;
    int         encoded_stored_len;
    int         encoded_server_len;
    int         encoded_result;

    if (iterations <= 0)
        iterations = SCRAM_DEFAULT_ITERATIONS;

    /* Calculate StoredKey and ServerKey */
    scram_SaltedPassword(password, salt, saltlen, iterations,
                         salted_password);
    scram_ClientKey(salted_password, stored_key);
    scram_H(stored_key, SCRAM_KEY_LEN, stored_key);

    scram_ServerKey(salted_password, server_key);

    /*----------
     * The format is:
     * SCRAM-SHA-256$<iteration count>:<salt>$<StoredKey>:<ServerKey>
     *----------
     */
    encoded_salt_len = pg_b64_enc_len(saltlen);
    encoded_stored_len = pg_b64_enc_len(SCRAM_KEY_LEN);
    encoded_server_len = pg_b64_enc_len(SCRAM_KEY_LEN);

    maxlen = strlen("SCRAM-SHA-256") + 1
        + 10 + 1                /* iteration count */
        + encoded_salt_len + 1  /* Base64-encoded salt */
        + encoded_stored_len + 1    /* Base64-encoded StoredKey */
        + encoded_server_len + 1;   /* Base64-encoded ServerKey */

#ifdef FRONTEND
    result = malloc(maxlen);
    if (!result)
        return NULL;
#else
    result = palloc(maxlen);
#endif

    p = result + sprintf(result, "SCRAM-SHA-256$%d:", iterations);

    /* salt */
    encoded_result = pg_b64_encode(salt, saltlen, p, encoded_salt_len);
    if (encoded_result < 0)
    {
#ifdef FRONTEND
        free(result);
        return NULL;
#else
        elog(ERROR, "could not encode salt");
#endif
    }
    p += encoded_result;
    *(p++) = '$';

    /* stored key */
    encoded_result = pg_b64_encode((char *) stored_key, SCRAM_KEY_LEN, p,
                                   encoded_stored_len);
    if (encoded_result < 0)
    {
#ifdef FRONTEND
        free(result);
        return NULL;
#else
        elog(ERROR, "could not encode stored key");
#endif
    }

    p += encoded_result;
    *(p++) = ':';

    /* server key */
    encoded_result = pg_b64_encode((char *) server_key, SCRAM_KEY_LEN, p,
                                   encoded_server_len);
    if (encoded_result < 0)
    {
#ifdef FRONTEND
        free(result);
        return NULL;
#else
        elog(ERROR, "could not encode server key");
#endif
    }

    p += encoded_result;
    *(p++) = '\0';

    Assert(p - result <= maxlen);

    return result;
}