socket.c

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * socket.c
 *    Microsoft Windows Win32 Socket Functions
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2025, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *    src/backend/port/win32/socket.c
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
 
#include "postgres.h"
 
/*
 * Indicate if pgwin32_recv() and pgwin32_send() should operate
 * in non-blocking mode.
 *
 * Since the socket emulation layer always sets the actual socket to
 * non-blocking mode in order to be able to deliver signals, we must
 * specify this in a separate flag if we actually need non-blocking
 * operation.
 *
 * This flag changes the behaviour *globally* for all socket operations,
 * so it should only be set for very short periods of time.
 */
int         pgwin32_noblock = 0;
 
/* Undef the macros defined in win32.h, so we can access system functions */
#undef socket
#undef bind
#undef listen
#undef accept
#undef connect
#undef select
#undef recv
#undef send
 
/*
 * Blocking socket functions implemented so they listen on both
 * the socket and the signal event, required for signal handling.
 */
 
/*
 * Convert the last socket error code into errno
 *
 * Note: where there is a direct correspondence between a WSAxxx error code
 * and a Berkeley error symbol, this mapping is actually a no-op, because
 * in win32_port.h we redefine the network-related Berkeley error symbols to
 * have the values of their WSAxxx counterparts.  The point of the switch is
 * mostly to translate near-miss error codes into something that's sensible
 * in the Berkeley universe.
 */
static void
TranslateSocketError(void)
{
    switch (WSAGetLastError())
    {
        case WSAEINVAL:
        case WSANOTINITIALISED:
        case WSAEINVALIDPROVIDER:
        case WSAEINVALIDPROCTABLE:
        case WSAEDESTADDRREQ:
            errno = EINVAL;
            break;
        case WSAEINPROGRESS:
            errno = EINPROGRESS;
            break;
        case WSAEFAULT:
            errno = EFAULT;
            break;
        case WSAEISCONN:
            errno = EISCONN;
            break;
        case WSAEMSGSIZE:
            errno = EMSGSIZE;
            break;
        case WSAEAFNOSUPPORT:
            errno = EAFNOSUPPORT;
            break;
        case WSAEMFILE:
            errno = EMFILE;
            break;
        case WSAENOBUFS:
            errno = ENOBUFS;
            break;
        case WSAEPROTONOSUPPORT:
        case WSAEPROTOTYPE:
        case WSAESOCKTNOSUPPORT:
            errno = EPROTONOSUPPORT;
            break;
        case WSAECONNABORTED:
            errno = ECONNABORTED;
            break;
        case WSAECONNREFUSED:
            errno = ECONNREFUSED;
            break;
        case WSAECONNRESET:
            errno = ECONNRESET;
            break;
        case WSAEINTR:
            errno = EINTR;
            break;
        case WSAENOTSOCK:
            errno = ENOTSOCK;
            break;
        case WSAEOPNOTSUPP:
            errno = EOPNOTSUPP;
            break;
        case WSAEWOULDBLOCK:
            errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
            break;
        case WSAEACCES:
            errno = EACCES;
            break;
        case WSAEADDRINUSE:
            errno = EADDRINUSE;
            break;
        case WSAEADDRNOTAVAIL:
            errno = EADDRNOTAVAIL;
            break;
        case WSAEHOSTDOWN:
            errno = EHOSTDOWN;
            break;
        case WSAEHOSTUNREACH:
        case WSAHOST_NOT_FOUND:
            errno = EHOSTUNREACH;
            break;
        case WSAENETDOWN:
            errno = ENETDOWN;
            break;
        case WSAENETUNREACH:
            errno = ENETUNREACH;
            break;
        case WSAENETRESET:
            errno = ENETRESET;
            break;
        case WSAENOTCONN:
        case WSAESHUTDOWN:
        case WSAEDISCON:
            errno = ENOTCONN;
            break;
        case WSAETIMEDOUT:
            errno = ETIMEDOUT;
            break;
        default:
            ereport(NOTICE,
                    (errmsg_internal("unrecognized win32 socket error code: %d",
                                     WSAGetLastError())));
            errno = EINVAL;
            break;
    }
}
 
static int
pgwin32_poll_signals(void)
{
    if (UNBLOCKED_SIGNAL_QUEUE())
    {
        pgwin32_dispatch_queued_signals();
        errno = EINTR;
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}
 
static int
isDataGram(SOCKET s)
{
    int         type;
    int         typelen = sizeof(type);
 
    if (getsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TYPE, (char *) &type, &typelen))
        return 1;
 
    return (type == SOCK_DGRAM) ? 1 : 0;
}
 
int
pgwin32_waitforsinglesocket(SOCKET s, int what, int timeout)
{
    static HANDLE waitevent = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    static SOCKET current_socket = INVALID_SOCKET;
    static int  isUDP = 0;
    HANDLE      events[2];
    int         r;
 
    /* Create an event object just once and use it on all future calls */
    if (waitevent == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    {
        waitevent = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
 
        if (waitevent == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
            ereport(ERROR,
                    (errmsg_internal("could not create socket waiting event: error code %lu", GetLastError())));
    }
    else if (!ResetEvent(waitevent))
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errmsg_internal("could not reset socket waiting event: error code %lu", GetLastError())));
 
    /*
     * Track whether socket is UDP or not.  (NB: most likely, this is both
     * useless and wrong; there is no reason to think that the behavior of
     * WSAEventSelect is different for TCP and UDP.)
     */
    if (current_socket != s)
        isUDP = isDataGram(s);
    current_socket = s;
 
    /*
     * Attach event to socket.  NOTE: we must detach it again before
     * returning, since other bits of code may try to attach other events to
     * the socket.
     */
    if (WSAEventSelect(s, waitevent, what) != 0)
    {
        TranslateSocketError();
        return 0;
    }
 
    events[0] = pgwin32_signal_event;
    events[1] = waitevent;
 
    /*
     * Just a workaround of unknown locking problem with writing in UDP socket
     * under high load: Client's pgsql backend sleeps infinitely in
     * WaitForMultipleObjectsEx, pgstat process sleeps in pgwin32_select().
     * So, we will wait with small timeout(0.1 sec) and if socket is still
     * blocked, try WSASend (see comments in pgwin32_select) and wait again.
     */
    if ((what & FD_WRITE) && isUDP)
    {
        for (;;)
        {
            r = WaitForMultipleObjectsEx(2, events, FALSE, 100, TRUE);
 
            if (r == WAIT_TIMEOUT)
            {
                char        c;
                WSABUF      buf;
                DWORD       sent;
 
                buf.buf = &c;
                buf.len = 0;
 
                r = WSASend(s, &buf, 1, &sent, 0, NULL, NULL);
                if (r == 0)     /* Completed - means things are fine! */
                {
                    WSAEventSelect(s, NULL, 0);
                    return 1;
                }
                else if (WSAGetLastError() != WSAEWOULDBLOCK)
                {
                    TranslateSocketError();
                    WSAEventSelect(s, NULL, 0);
                    return 0;
                }
            }
            else
                break;
        }
    }
    else
        r = WaitForMultipleObjectsEx(2, events, FALSE, timeout, TRUE);
 
    WSAEventSelect(s, NULL, 0);
 
    if (r == WAIT_OBJECT_0 || r == WAIT_IO_COMPLETION)
    {
        pgwin32_dispatch_queued_signals();
        errno = EINTR;
        return 0;
    }
    if (r == WAIT_OBJECT_0 + 1)
        return 1;
    if (r == WAIT_TIMEOUT)
    {
        errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
        return 0;
    }
    ereport(ERROR,
            (errmsg_internal("unrecognized return value from WaitForMultipleObjects: %d (error code %lu)", r, GetLastError())));
    return 0;
}
 
/*
 * Create a socket, setting it to overlapped and non-blocking
 */
SOCKET
pgwin32_socket(int af, int type, int protocol)
{
    SOCKET      s;
    unsigned long on = 1;
 
    s = WSASocket(af, type, protocol, NULL, 0, WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED);
    if (s == INVALID_SOCKET)
    {
        TranslateSocketError();
        return INVALID_SOCKET;
    }
 
    if (ioctlsocket(s, FIONBIO, &on))
    {
        TranslateSocketError();
        closesocket(s);
        return INVALID_SOCKET;
    }
    errno = 0;
 
    return s;
}
 
int
pgwin32_bind(SOCKET s, struct sockaddr *addr, int addrlen)
{
    int         res;
 
    res = bind(s, addr, addrlen);
    if (res < 0)
        TranslateSocketError();
    return res;
}
 
int
pgwin32_listen(SOCKET s, int backlog)
{
    int         res;
 
    res = listen(s, backlog);
    if (res < 0)
        TranslateSocketError();
    return res;
}
 
SOCKET
pgwin32_accept(SOCKET s, struct sockaddr *addr, int *addrlen)
{
    SOCKET      rs;
 
    /*
     * Poll for signals, but don't return with EINTR, since we don't handle
     * that in pqcomm.c
     */
    pgwin32_poll_signals();
 
    rs = WSAAccept(s, addr, addrlen, NULL, 0);
    if (rs == INVALID_SOCKET)
    {
        TranslateSocketError();
        return INVALID_SOCKET;
    }
    return rs;
}
 
 
/* No signal delivery during connect. */
int
pgwin32_connect(SOCKET s, const struct sockaddr *addr, int addrlen)
{
    int         r;
 
    r = WSAConnect(s, addr, addrlen, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    if (r == 0)
        return 0;
 
    if (WSAGetLastError() != WSAEWOULDBLOCK)
    {
        TranslateSocketError();
        return -1;
    }
 
    while (pgwin32_waitforsinglesocket(s, FD_CONNECT, INFINITE) == 0)
    {
        /* Loop endlessly as long as we are just delivering signals */
    }
 
    return 0;
}
 
int
pgwin32_recv(SOCKET s, char *buf, int len, int f)
{
    WSABUF      wbuf;
    int         r;
    DWORD       b;
    DWORD       flags = f;
    int         n;
 
    if (pgwin32_poll_signals())
        return -1;
 
    wbuf.len = len;
    wbuf.buf = buf;
 
    r = WSARecv(s, &wbuf, 1, &b, &flags, NULL, NULL);
    if (r != SOCKET_ERROR)
        return b;               /* success */
 
    if (WSAGetLastError() != WSAEWOULDBLOCK)
    {
        TranslateSocketError();
        return -1;
    }
 
    if (pgwin32_noblock)
    {
        /*
         * No data received, and we are in "emulated non-blocking mode", so
         * return indicating that we'd block if we were to continue.
         */
        errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
        return -1;
    }
 
    /* We're in blocking mode, so wait for data */
 
    for (n = 0; n < 5; n++)
    {
        if (pgwin32_waitforsinglesocket(s, FD_READ | FD_CLOSE | FD_ACCEPT,
                                        INFINITE) == 0)
            return -1;          /* errno already set */
 
        r = WSARecv(s, &wbuf, 1, &b, &flags, NULL, NULL);
        if (r != SOCKET_ERROR)
            return b;           /* success */
        if (WSAGetLastError() != WSAEWOULDBLOCK)
        {
            TranslateSocketError();
            return -1;
        }
 
        /*
         * There seem to be cases on win2k (at least) where WSARecv can return
         * WSAEWOULDBLOCK even when pgwin32_waitforsinglesocket claims the
         * socket is readable.  In this case, just sleep for a moment and try
         * again.  We try up to 5 times - if it fails more than that it's not
         * likely to ever come back.
         */
        pg_usleep(10000);
    }
    ereport(NOTICE,
            (errmsg_internal("could not read from ready socket (after retries)")));
    errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
    return -1;
}
 
/*
 * The second argument to send() is defined by SUS to be a "const void *"
 * and so we use the same signature here to keep compilers happy when
 * handling callers.
 *
 * But the buf member of a WSABUF struct is defined as "char *", so we cast
 * the second argument to that here when assigning it, also to keep compilers
 * happy.
 */
 
int
pgwin32_send(SOCKET s, const void *buf, int len, int flags)
{
    WSABUF      wbuf;
    int         r;
    DWORD       b;
 
    if (pgwin32_poll_signals())
        return -1;
 
    wbuf.len = len;
    wbuf.buf = (char *) buf;
 
    /*
     * Readiness of socket to send data to UDP socket may be not true: socket
     * can become busy again! So loop until send or error occurs.
     */
    for (;;)
    {
        r = WSASend(s, &wbuf, 1, &b, flags, NULL, NULL);
        if (r != SOCKET_ERROR && b > 0)
            /* Write succeeded right away */
            return b;
 
        if (r == SOCKET_ERROR &&
            WSAGetLastError() != WSAEWOULDBLOCK)
        {
            TranslateSocketError();
            return -1;
        }
 
        if (pgwin32_noblock)
        {
            /*
             * No data sent, and we are in "emulated non-blocking mode", so
             * return indicating that we'd block if we were to continue.
             */
            errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
            return -1;
        }
 
        /* No error, zero bytes */
 
        if (pgwin32_waitforsinglesocket(s, FD_WRITE | FD_CLOSE, INFINITE) == 0)
            return -1;
    }
 
    return -1;
}
 
 
/*
 * Wait for activity on one or more sockets.
 * While waiting, allow signals to run
 *
 * NOTE! Currently does not implement exceptfds check,
 * since it is not used in postgresql!
 */
int
pgwin32_select(int nfds, fd_set *readfds, fd_set *writefds, fd_set *exceptfds, const struct timeval *timeout)
{
    WSAEVENT    events[FD_SETSIZE * 2]; /* worst case is readfds totally
                                         * different from writefds, so
                                         * 2*FD_SETSIZE sockets */
    SOCKET      sockets[FD_SETSIZE * 2];
    int         numevents = 0;
    int         i;
    int         r;
    DWORD       timeoutval = WSA_INFINITE;
    FD_SET      outreadfds;
    FD_SET      outwritefds;
    int         nummatches = 0;
 
    Assert(exceptfds == NULL);
 
    if (pgwin32_poll_signals())
        return -1;
 
    FD_ZERO(&outreadfds);
    FD_ZERO(&outwritefds);
 
    /*
     * Windows does not guarantee to log an FD_WRITE network event indicating
     * that more data can be sent unless the previous send() failed with
     * WSAEWOULDBLOCK.  While our caller might well have made such a call, we
     * cannot assume that here.  Therefore, if waiting for write-ready, force
     * the issue by doing a dummy send().  If the dummy send() succeeds,
     * assume that the socket is in fact write-ready, and return immediately.
     * Also, if it fails with something other than WSAEWOULDBLOCK, return a
     * write-ready indication to let our caller deal with the error condition.
     */
    if (writefds != NULL)
    {
        for (i = 0; i < writefds->fd_count; i++)
        {
            char        c;
            WSABUF      buf;
            DWORD       sent;
 
            buf.buf = &c;
            buf.len = 0;
 
            r = WSASend(writefds->fd_array[i], &buf, 1, &sent, 0, NULL, NULL);
            if (r == 0 || WSAGetLastError() != WSAEWOULDBLOCK)
                FD_SET(writefds->fd_array[i], &outwritefds);
        }
 
        /* If we found any write-ready sockets, just return them immediately */
        if (outwritefds.fd_count > 0)
        {
            memcpy(writefds, &outwritefds, sizeof(fd_set));
            if (readfds)
                FD_ZERO(readfds);
            return outwritefds.fd_count;
        }
    }
 
 
    /* Now set up for an actual select */
 
    if (timeout != NULL)
    {
        /* timeoutval is in milliseconds */
        timeoutval = timeout->tv_sec * 1000 + timeout->tv_usec / 1000;
    }
 
    if (readfds != NULL)
    {
        for (i = 0; i < readfds->fd_count; i++)
        {
            events[numevents] = WSACreateEvent();
            sockets[numevents] = readfds->fd_array[i];
            numevents++;
        }
    }
    if (writefds != NULL)
    {
        for (i = 0; i < writefds->fd_count; i++)
        {
            if (!readfds ||
                !FD_ISSET(writefds->fd_array[i], readfds))
            {
                /* If the socket is not in the read list */
                events[numevents] = WSACreateEvent();
                sockets[numevents] = writefds->fd_array[i];
                numevents++;
            }
        }
    }
 
    for (i = 0; i < numevents; i++)
    {
        int         flags = 0;
 
        if (readfds && FD_ISSET(sockets[i], readfds))
            flags |= FD_READ | FD_ACCEPT | FD_CLOSE;
 
        if (writefds && FD_ISSET(sockets[i], writefds))
            flags |= FD_WRITE | FD_CLOSE;
 
        if (WSAEventSelect(sockets[i], events[i], flags) != 0)
        {
            TranslateSocketError();
            /* release already-assigned event objects */
            while (--i >= 0)
                WSAEventSelect(sockets[i], NULL, 0);
            for (i = 0; i < numevents; i++)
                WSACloseEvent(events[i]);
            return -1;
        }
    }
 
    events[numevents] = pgwin32_signal_event;
    r = WaitForMultipleObjectsEx(numevents + 1, events, FALSE, timeoutval, TRUE);
    if (r != WAIT_TIMEOUT && r != WAIT_IO_COMPLETION && r != (WAIT_OBJECT_0 + numevents))
    {
        /*
         * We scan all events, even those not signaled, in case more than one
         * event has been tagged but Wait.. can only return one.
         */
        WSANETWORKEVENTS resEvents;
 
        for (i = 0; i < numevents; i++)
        {
            ZeroMemory(&resEvents, sizeof(resEvents));
            if (WSAEnumNetworkEvents(sockets[i], events[i], &resEvents) != 0)
                elog(ERROR, "failed to enumerate network events: error code %d",
                     WSAGetLastError());
            /* Read activity? */
            if (readfds && FD_ISSET(sockets[i], readfds))
            {
                if ((resEvents.lNetworkEvents & FD_READ) ||
                    (resEvents.lNetworkEvents & FD_ACCEPT) ||
                    (resEvents.lNetworkEvents & FD_CLOSE))
                {
                    FD_SET(sockets[i], &outreadfds);
 
                    nummatches++;
                }
            }
            /* Write activity? */
            if (writefds && FD_ISSET(sockets[i], writefds))
            {
                if ((resEvents.lNetworkEvents & FD_WRITE) ||
                    (resEvents.lNetworkEvents & FD_CLOSE))
                {
                    FD_SET(sockets[i], &outwritefds);
 
                    nummatches++;
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    /* Clean up all the event objects */
    for (i = 0; i < numevents; i++)
    {
        WSAEventSelect(sockets[i], NULL, 0);
        WSACloseEvent(events[i]);
    }
 
    if (r == WSA_WAIT_TIMEOUT)
    {
        if (readfds)
            FD_ZERO(readfds);
        if (writefds)
            FD_ZERO(writefds);
        return 0;
    }
 
    /* Signal-like events. */
    if (r == WAIT_OBJECT_0 + numevents || r == WAIT_IO_COMPLETION)
    {
        pgwin32_dispatch_queued_signals();
        errno = EINTR;
        if (readfds)
            FD_ZERO(readfds);
        if (writefds)
            FD_ZERO(writefds);
        return -1;
    }
 
    /* Overwrite socket sets with our resulting values */
    if (readfds)
        memcpy(readfds, &outreadfds, sizeof(fd_set));
    if (writefds)
        memcpy(writefds, &outwritefds, sizeof(fd_set));
    return nummatches;
}