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read.c
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1 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2  *
3  * read.c
4  * routines to convert a string (legal ascii representation of node) back
5  * to nodes
6  *
7  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2024, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
8  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
9  *
10  *
11  * IDENTIFICATION
12  * src/backend/nodes/read.c
13  *
14  * HISTORY
15  * AUTHOR DATE MAJOR EVENT
16  * Andrew Yu Nov 2, 1994 file creation
17  *
18  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
19  */
20 #include "postgres.h"
21 
22 #include <ctype.h>
23 
24 #include "common/string.h"
25 #include "nodes/bitmapset.h"
26 #include "nodes/pg_list.h"
27 #include "nodes/readfuncs.h"
28 #include "nodes/value.h"
29 
30 
31 /* Static state for pg_strtok */
32 static const char *pg_strtok_ptr = NULL;
33 
34 /* State flag that determines how readfuncs.c should treat location fields */
35 #ifdef WRITE_READ_PARSE_PLAN_TREES
36 bool restore_location_fields = false;
37 #endif
38 
39 
40 /*
41  * stringToNode -
42  * builds a Node tree from its string representation (assumed valid)
43  *
44  * restore_loc_fields instructs readfuncs.c whether to restore location
45  * fields rather than set them to -1. This is currently only supported
46  * in builds with the WRITE_READ_PARSE_PLAN_TREES debugging flag set.
47  */
48 static void *
49 stringToNodeInternal(const char *str, bool restore_loc_fields)
50 {
51  void *retval;
52  const char *save_strtok;
53 #ifdef WRITE_READ_PARSE_PLAN_TREES
54  bool save_restore_location_fields;
55 #endif
56 
57  /*
58  * We save and restore the pre-existing state of pg_strtok. This makes the
59  * world safe for re-entrant invocation of stringToNode, without incurring
60  * a lot of notational overhead by having to pass the next-character
61  * pointer around through all the readfuncs.c code.
62  */
63  save_strtok = pg_strtok_ptr;
64 
65  pg_strtok_ptr = str; /* point pg_strtok at the string to read */
66 
67  /*
68  * If enabled, likewise save/restore the location field handling flag.
69  */
70 #ifdef WRITE_READ_PARSE_PLAN_TREES
71  save_restore_location_fields = restore_location_fields;
72  restore_location_fields = restore_loc_fields;
73 #endif
74 
75  retval = nodeRead(NULL, 0); /* do the reading */
76 
77  pg_strtok_ptr = save_strtok;
78 
79 #ifdef WRITE_READ_PARSE_PLAN_TREES
80  restore_location_fields = save_restore_location_fields;
81 #endif
82 
83  return retval;
84 }
85 
86 /*
87  * Externally visible entry points
88  */
89 void *
90 stringToNode(const char *str)
91 {
92  return stringToNodeInternal(str, false);
93 }
94 
95 #ifdef WRITE_READ_PARSE_PLAN_TREES
96 
97 void *
98 stringToNodeWithLocations(const char *str)
99 {
100  return stringToNodeInternal(str, true);
101 }
102 
103 #endif
104 
105 
106 /*****************************************************************************
107  *
108  * the lisp token parser
109  *
110  *****************************************************************************/
111 
112 /*
113  * pg_strtok --- retrieve next "token" from a string.
114  *
115  * Works kinda like strtok, except it never modifies the source string.
116  * (Instead of storing nulls into the string, the length of the token
117  * is returned to the caller.)
118  * Also, the rules about what is a token are hard-wired rather than being
119  * configured by passing a set of terminating characters.
120  *
121  * The string is assumed to have been initialized already by stringToNode.
122  *
123  * The rules for tokens are:
124  * * Whitespace (space, tab, newline) always separates tokens.
125  * * The characters '(', ')', '{', '}' form individual tokens even
126  * without any whitespace around them.
127  * * Otherwise, a token is all the characters up to the next whitespace
128  * or occurrence of one of the four special characters.
129  * * A backslash '\' can be used to quote whitespace or one of the four
130  * special characters, so that it is treated as a plain token character.
131  * Backslashes themselves must also be backslashed for consistency.
132  * Any other character can be, but need not be, backslashed as well.
133  * * If the resulting token is '<>' (with no backslash), it is returned
134  * as a non-NULL pointer to the token but with length == 0. Note that
135  * there is no other way to get a zero-length token.
136  *
137  * Returns a pointer to the start of the next token, and the length of the
138  * token (including any embedded backslashes!) in *length. If there are
139  * no more tokens, NULL and 0 are returned.
140  *
141  * NOTE: this routine doesn't remove backslashes; the caller must do so
142  * if necessary (see "debackslash").
143  *
144  * NOTE: prior to release 7.0, this routine also had a special case to treat
145  * a token starting with '"' as extending to the next '"'. This code was
146  * broken, however, since it would fail to cope with a string containing an
147  * embedded '"'. I have therefore removed this special case, and instead
148  * introduced rules for using backslashes to quote characters. Higher-level
149  * code should add backslashes to a string constant to ensure it is treated
150  * as a single token.
151  */
152 const char *
153 pg_strtok(int *length)
154 {
155  const char *local_str; /* working pointer to string */
156  const char *ret_str; /* start of token to return */
157 
158  local_str = pg_strtok_ptr;
159 
160  while (*local_str == ' ' || *local_str == '\n' || *local_str == '\t')
161  local_str++;
162 
163  if (*local_str == '\0')
164  {
165  *length = 0;
166  pg_strtok_ptr = local_str;
167  return NULL; /* no more tokens */
168  }
169 
170  /*
171  * Now pointing at start of next token.
172  */
173  ret_str = local_str;
174 
175  if (*local_str == '(' || *local_str == ')' ||
176  *local_str == '{' || *local_str == '}')
177  {
178  /* special 1-character token */
179  local_str++;
180  }
181  else
182  {
183  /* Normal token, possibly containing backslashes */
184  while (*local_str != '\0' &&
185  *local_str != ' ' && *local_str != '\n' &&
186  *local_str != '\t' &&
187  *local_str != '(' && *local_str != ')' &&
188  *local_str != '{' && *local_str != '}')
189  {
190  if (*local_str == '\\' && local_str[1] != '\0')
191  local_str += 2;
192  else
193  local_str++;
194  }
195  }
196 
197  *length = local_str - ret_str;
198 
199  /* Recognize special case for "empty" token */
200  if (*length == 2 && ret_str[0] == '<' && ret_str[1] == '>')
201  *length = 0;
202 
203  pg_strtok_ptr = local_str;
204 
205  return ret_str;
206 }
207 
208 /*
209  * debackslash -
210  * create a palloc'd string holding the given token.
211  * any protective backslashes in the token are removed.
212  */
213 char *
214 debackslash(const char *token, int length)
215 {
216  char *result = palloc(length + 1);
217  char *ptr = result;
218 
219  while (length > 0)
220  {
221  if (*token == '\\' && length > 1)
222  token++, length--;
223  *ptr++ = *token++;
224  length--;
225  }
226  *ptr = '\0';
227  return result;
228 }
229 
230 #define RIGHT_PAREN (1000000 + 1)
231 #define LEFT_PAREN (1000000 + 2)
232 #define LEFT_BRACE (1000000 + 3)
233 #define OTHER_TOKEN (1000000 + 4)
234 
235 /*
236  * nodeTokenType -
237  * returns the type of the node token contained in token.
238  * It returns one of the following valid NodeTags:
239  * T_Integer, T_Float, T_Boolean, T_String, T_BitString
240  * and some of its own:
241  * RIGHT_PAREN, LEFT_PAREN, LEFT_BRACE, OTHER_TOKEN
242  *
243  * Assumption: the ascii representation is legal
244  */
245 static NodeTag
246 nodeTokenType(const char *token, int length)
247 {
248  NodeTag retval;
249  const char *numptr;
250  int numlen;
251 
252  /*
253  * Check if the token is a number
254  */
255  numptr = token;
256  numlen = length;
257  if (*numptr == '+' || *numptr == '-')
258  numptr++, numlen--;
259  if ((numlen > 0 && isdigit((unsigned char) *numptr)) ||
260  (numlen > 1 && *numptr == '.' && isdigit((unsigned char) numptr[1])))
261  {
262  /*
263  * Yes. Figure out whether it is integral or float; this requires
264  * both a syntax check and a range check. strtoint() can do both for
265  * us. We know the token will end at a character that strtoint will
266  * stop at, so we do not need to modify the string.
267  */
268  char *endptr;
269 
270  errno = 0;
271  (void) strtoint(numptr, &endptr, 10);
272  if (endptr != token + length || errno == ERANGE)
273  return T_Float;
274  return T_Integer;
275  }
276 
277  /*
278  * these three cases do not need length checks, since pg_strtok() will
279  * always treat them as single-byte tokens
280  */
281  else if (*token == '(')
282  retval = LEFT_PAREN;
283  else if (*token == ')')
284  retval = RIGHT_PAREN;
285  else if (*token == '{')
286  retval = LEFT_BRACE;
287  else if ((length == 4 && strncmp(token, "true", 4) == 0) ||
288  (length == 5 && strncmp(token, "false", 5) == 0))
289  retval = T_Boolean;
290  else if (*token == '"' && length > 1 && token[length - 1] == '"')
291  retval = T_String;
292  else if (*token == 'b' || *token == 'x')
293  retval = T_BitString;
294  else
295  retval = OTHER_TOKEN;
296  return retval;
297 }
298 
299 /*
300  * nodeRead -
301  * Slightly higher-level reader.
302  *
303  * This routine applies some semantic knowledge on top of the purely
304  * lexical tokenizer pg_strtok(). It can read
305  * * Value token nodes (integers, floats, booleans, or strings);
306  * * General nodes (via parseNodeString() from readfuncs.c);
307  * * Lists of the above;
308  * * Lists of integers, OIDs, or TransactionIds.
309  * The return value is declared void *, not Node *, to avoid having to
310  * cast it explicitly in callers that assign to fields of different types.
311  *
312  * External callers should always pass NULL/0 for the arguments. Internally
313  * a non-NULL token may be passed when the upper recursion level has already
314  * scanned the first token of a node's representation.
315  *
316  * We assume pg_strtok is already initialized with a string to read (hence
317  * this should only be invoked from within a stringToNode operation).
318  */
319 void *
320 nodeRead(const char *token, int tok_len)
321 {
322  Node *result;
323  NodeTag type;
324 
325  if (token == NULL) /* need to read a token? */
326  {
327  token = pg_strtok(&tok_len);
328 
329  if (token == NULL) /* end of input */
330  return NULL;
331  }
332 
333  type = nodeTokenType(token, tok_len);
334 
335  switch ((int) type)
336  {
337  case LEFT_BRACE:
338  result = parseNodeString();
339  token = pg_strtok(&tok_len);
340  if (token == NULL || token[0] != '}')
341  elog(ERROR, "did not find '}' at end of input node");
342  break;
343  case LEFT_PAREN:
344  {
345  List *l = NIL;
346 
347  /*----------
348  * Could be an integer list: (i int int ...)
349  * or an OID list: (o int int ...)
350  * or an XID list: (x int int ...)
351  * or a bitmapset: (b int int ...)
352  * or a list of nodes/values: (node node ...)
353  *----------
354  */
355  token = pg_strtok(&tok_len);
356  if (token == NULL)
357  elog(ERROR, "unterminated List structure");
358  if (tok_len == 1 && token[0] == 'i')
359  {
360  /* List of integers */
361  for (;;)
362  {
363  int val;
364  char *endptr;
365 
366  token = pg_strtok(&tok_len);
367  if (token == NULL)
368  elog(ERROR, "unterminated List structure");
369  if (token[0] == ')')
370  break;
371  val = (int) strtol(token, &endptr, 10);
372  if (endptr != token + tok_len)
373  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized integer: \"%.*s\"",
374  tok_len, token);
375  l = lappend_int(l, val);
376  }
377  result = (Node *) l;
378  }
379  else if (tok_len == 1 && token[0] == 'o')
380  {
381  /* List of OIDs */
382  for (;;)
383  {
384  Oid val;
385  char *endptr;
386 
387  token = pg_strtok(&tok_len);
388  if (token == NULL)
389  elog(ERROR, "unterminated List structure");
390  if (token[0] == ')')
391  break;
392  val = (Oid) strtoul(token, &endptr, 10);
393  if (endptr != token + tok_len)
394  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized OID: \"%.*s\"",
395  tok_len, token);
396  l = lappend_oid(l, val);
397  }
398  result = (Node *) l;
399  }
400  else if (tok_len == 1 && token[0] == 'x')
401  {
402  /* List of TransactionIds */
403  for (;;)
404  {
406  char *endptr;
407 
408  token = pg_strtok(&tok_len);
409  if (token == NULL)
410  elog(ERROR, "unterminated List structure");
411  if (token[0] == ')')
412  break;
413  val = (TransactionId) strtoul(token, &endptr, 10);
414  if (endptr != token + tok_len)
415  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized Xid: \"%.*s\"",
416  tok_len, token);
417  l = lappend_xid(l, val);
418  }
419  result = (Node *) l;
420  }
421  else if (tok_len == 1 && token[0] == 'b')
422  {
423  /* Bitmapset -- see also _readBitmapset() */
424  Bitmapset *bms = NULL;
425 
426  for (;;)
427  {
428  int val;
429  char *endptr;
430 
431  token = pg_strtok(&tok_len);
432  if (token == NULL)
433  elog(ERROR, "unterminated Bitmapset structure");
434  if (tok_len == 1 && token[0] == ')')
435  break;
436  val = (int) strtol(token, &endptr, 10);
437  if (endptr != token + tok_len)
438  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized integer: \"%.*s\"",
439  tok_len, token);
440  bms = bms_add_member(bms, val);
441  }
442  result = (Node *) bms;
443  }
444  else
445  {
446  /* List of other node types */
447  for (;;)
448  {
449  /* We have already scanned next token... */
450  if (token[0] == ')')
451  break;
452  l = lappend(l, nodeRead(token, tok_len));
453  token = pg_strtok(&tok_len);
454  if (token == NULL)
455  elog(ERROR, "unterminated List structure");
456  }
457  result = (Node *) l;
458  }
459  break;
460  }
461  case RIGHT_PAREN:
462  elog(ERROR, "unexpected right parenthesis");
463  result = NULL; /* keep compiler happy */
464  break;
465  case OTHER_TOKEN:
466  if (tok_len == 0)
467  {
468  /* must be "<>" --- represents a null pointer */
469  result = NULL;
470  }
471  else
472  {
473  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized token: \"%.*s\"", tok_len, token);
474  result = NULL; /* keep compiler happy */
475  }
476  break;
477  case T_Integer:
478 
479  /*
480  * we know that the token terminates on a char atoi will stop at
481  */
482  result = (Node *) makeInteger(atoi(token));
483  break;
484  case T_Float:
485  {
486  char *fval = (char *) palloc(tok_len + 1);
487 
488  memcpy(fval, token, tok_len);
489  fval[tok_len] = '\0';
490  result = (Node *) makeFloat(fval);
491  }
492  break;
493  case T_Boolean:
494  result = (Node *) makeBoolean(token[0] == 't');
495  break;
496  case T_String:
497  /* need to remove leading and trailing quotes, and backslashes */
498  result = (Node *) makeString(debackslash(token + 1, tok_len - 2));
499  break;
500  case T_BitString:
501  /* need to remove backslashes, but there are no quotes */
502  result = (Node *) makeBitString(debackslash(token, tok_len));
503  break;
504  default:
505  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized node type: %d", (int) type);
506  result = NULL; /* keep compiler happy */
507  break;
508  }
509 
510  return (void *) result;
511 }
Bitmapset * bms_add_member(Bitmapset *a, int x)
Definition: bitmapset.c:815
uint32 TransactionId
Definition: c.h:639
#define ERROR
Definition: elog.h:39
#define elog(elevel,...)
Definition: elog.h:224
#define token
Definition: indent_globs.h:126
long val
Definition: informix.c:664
List * lappend_xid(List *list, TransactionId datum)
Definition: list.c:393
List * lappend(List *list, void *datum)
Definition: list.c:339
List * lappend_int(List *list, int datum)
Definition: list.c:357
List * lappend_oid(List *list, Oid datum)
Definition: list.c:375
void * palloc(Size size)
Definition: mcxt.c:1304
NodeTag
Definition: nodes.h:27
#define NIL
Definition: pg_list.h:68
unsigned int Oid
Definition: postgres_ext.h:31
#define LEFT_BRACE
Definition: read.c:232
#define OTHER_TOKEN
Definition: read.c:233
static NodeTag nodeTokenType(const char *token, int length)
Definition: read.c:246
const char * pg_strtok(int *length)
Definition: read.c:153
#define LEFT_PAREN
Definition: read.c:231
static void * stringToNodeInternal(const char *str, bool restore_loc_fields)
Definition: read.c:49
#define RIGHT_PAREN
Definition: read.c:230
char * debackslash(const char *token, int length)
Definition: read.c:214
void * stringToNode(const char *str)
Definition: read.c:90
void * nodeRead(const char *token, int tok_len)
Definition: read.c:320
static const char * pg_strtok_ptr
Definition: read.c:32
Node * parseNodeString(void)
Definition: readfuncs.c:563
int strtoint(const char *pg_restrict str, char **pg_restrict endptr, int base)
Definition: string.c:51
Definition: pg_list.h:54
Definition: nodes.h:129
Boolean * makeBoolean(bool val)
Definition: value.c:49
Float * makeFloat(char *numericStr)
Definition: value.c:37
String * makeString(char *str)
Definition: value.c:63
BitString * makeBitString(char *str)
Definition: value.c:77
Integer * makeInteger(int i)
Definition: value.c:23
const char * type