stringinfo.c

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * stringinfo.c
 *
 * StringInfo provides an extensible string data type (currently limited to a
 * length of 1GB).  It can be used to buffer either ordinary C strings
 * (null-terminated text) or arbitrary binary data.  All storage is allocated
 * with palloc() (falling back to malloc in frontend code).
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2025, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *    src/common/stringinfo.c
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
 
#ifndef FRONTEND
 
#include "postgres.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"
 
#else
 
#include "postgres_fe.h"
 
#endif
 
#include "lib/stringinfo.h"
 
 
/*
 * initStringInfoInternal
 *
 * Initialize a StringInfoData struct (with previously undefined contents)
 * to describe an empty string.
 * The initial memory allocation size is specified by 'initsize'.
 * The valid range for 'initsize' is 1 to MaxAllocSize.
 */
static inline void
initStringInfoInternal(StringInfo str, int initsize)
{
    Assert(initsize >= 1 && initsize <= MaxAllocSize);
 
    str->data = (char *) palloc(initsize);
    str->maxlen = initsize;
    resetStringInfo(str);
}
 
/*
 * makeStringInfoInternal(int initsize)
 *
 * Create an empty 'StringInfoData' & return a pointer to it.
 * The initial memory allocation size is specified by 'initsize'.
 * The valid range for 'initsize' is 1 to MaxAllocSize.
 */
static inline StringInfo
makeStringInfoInternal(int initsize)
{
    StringInfo  res = (StringInfo) palloc(sizeof(StringInfoData));
 
    initStringInfoInternal(res, initsize);
    return res;
}
 
/*
 * makeStringInfo
 *
 * Create an empty 'StringInfoData' & return a pointer to it.
 */
StringInfo
makeStringInfo(void)
{
    return makeStringInfoInternal(STRINGINFO_DEFAULT_SIZE);
}
 
/*
 * makeStringInfoExt(int initsize)
 *
 * Create an empty 'StringInfoData' & return a pointer to it.
 * The initial memory allocation size is specified by 'initsize'.
 * The valid range for 'initsize' is 1 to MaxAllocSize.
 */
StringInfo
makeStringInfoExt(int initsize)
{
    return makeStringInfoInternal(initsize);
}
 
/*
 * initStringInfo
 *
 * Initialize a StringInfoData struct (with previously undefined contents)
 * to describe an empty string.
 */
void
initStringInfo(StringInfo str)
{
    initStringInfoInternal(str, STRINGINFO_DEFAULT_SIZE);
}
 
/*
 * initStringInfoExt
 *
 * Initialize a StringInfoData struct (with previously undefined contents)
 * to describe an empty string.
 * The initial memory allocation size is specified by 'initsize'.
 * The valid range for 'initsize' is 1 to MaxAllocSize.
 */
void
initStringInfoExt(StringInfo str, int initsize)
{
    initStringInfoInternal(str, initsize);
}
 
/*
 * resetStringInfo
 *
 * Reset the StringInfo: the data buffer remains valid, but its
 * previous content, if any, is cleared.
 *
 * Read-only StringInfos as initialized by initReadOnlyStringInfo cannot be
 * reset.
 */
void
resetStringInfo(StringInfo str)
{
    /* don't allow resets of read-only StringInfos */
    Assert(str->maxlen != 0);
 
    str->data[0] = '\0';
    str->len = 0;
    str->cursor = 0;
}
 
/*
 * appendStringInfo
 *
 * Format text data under the control of fmt (an sprintf-style format string)
 * and append it to whatever is already in str.  More space is allocated
 * to str if necessary.  This is sort of like a combination of sprintf and
 * strcat.
 */
void
appendStringInfo(StringInfo str, const char *fmt,...)
{
    int         save_errno = errno;
 
    for (;;)
    {
        va_list     args;
        int         needed;
 
        /* Try to format the data. */
        errno = save_errno;
        va_start(args, fmt);
        needed = appendStringInfoVA(str, fmt, args);
        va_end(args);
 
        if (needed == 0)
            break;              /* success */
 
        /* Increase the buffer size and try again. */
        enlargeStringInfo(str, needed);
    }
}
 
/*
 * appendStringInfoVA
 *
 * Attempt to format text data under the control of fmt (an sprintf-style
 * format string) and append it to whatever is already in str.  If successful
 * return zero; if not (because there's not enough space), return an estimate
 * of the space needed, without modifying str.  Typically the caller should
 * pass the return value to enlargeStringInfo() before trying again; see
 * appendStringInfo for standard usage pattern.
 *
 * Caution: callers must be sure to preserve their entry-time errno
 * when looping, in case the fmt contains "%m".
 *
 * XXX This API is ugly, but there seems no alternative given the C spec's
 * restrictions on what can portably be done with va_list arguments: you have
 * to redo va_start before you can rescan the argument list, and we can't do
 * that from here.
 */
int
appendStringInfoVA(StringInfo str, const char *fmt, va_list args)
{
    int         avail;
    size_t      nprinted;
 
    Assert(str != NULL);
 
    /*
     * If there's hardly any space, don't bother trying, just fail to make the
     * caller enlarge the buffer first.  We have to guess at how much to
     * enlarge, since we're skipping the formatting work.
     */
    avail = str->maxlen - str->len;
    if (avail < 16)
        return 32;
 
    nprinted = pvsnprintf(str->data + str->len, (size_t) avail, fmt, args);
 
    if (nprinted < (size_t) avail)
    {
        /* Success.  Note nprinted does not include trailing null. */
        str->len += (int) nprinted;
        return 0;
    }
 
    /* Restore the trailing null so that str is unmodified. */
    str->data[str->len] = '\0';
 
    /*
     * Return pvsnprintf's estimate of the space needed.  (Although this is
     * given as a size_t, we know it will fit in int because it's not more
     * than MaxAllocSize.)
     */
    return (int) nprinted;
}
 
/*
 * appendStringInfoString
 *
 * Append a null-terminated string to str.
 * Like appendStringInfo(str, "%s", s) but faster.
 */
void
appendStringInfoString(StringInfo str, const char *s)
{
    appendBinaryStringInfo(str, s, strlen(s));
}
 
/*
 * appendStringInfoChar
 *
 * Append a single byte to str.
 * Like appendStringInfo(str, "%c", ch) but much faster.
 */
void
appendStringInfoChar(StringInfo str, char ch)
{
    /* Make more room if needed */
    if (str->len + 1 >= str->maxlen)
        enlargeStringInfo(str, 1);
 
    /* OK, append the character */
    str->data[str->len] = ch;
    str->len++;
    str->data[str->len] = '\0';
}
 
/*
 * appendStringInfoSpaces
 *
 * Append the specified number of spaces to a buffer.
 */
void
appendStringInfoSpaces(StringInfo str, int count)
{
    if (count > 0)
    {
        /* Make more room if needed */
        enlargeStringInfo(str, count);
 
        /* OK, append the spaces */
        memset(&str->data[str->len], ' ', count);
        str->len += count;
        str->data[str->len] = '\0';
    }
}
 
/*
 * appendBinaryStringInfo
 *
 * Append arbitrary binary data to a StringInfo, allocating more space
 * if necessary. Ensures that a trailing null byte is present.
 */
void
appendBinaryStringInfo(StringInfo str, const void *data, int datalen)
{
    Assert(str != NULL);
 
    /* Make more room if needed */
    enlargeStringInfo(str, datalen);
 
    /* OK, append the data */
    memcpy(str->data + str->len, data, datalen);
    str->len += datalen;
 
    /*
     * Keep a trailing null in place, even though it's probably useless for
     * binary data.  (Some callers are dealing with text but call this because
     * their input isn't null-terminated.)
     */
    str->data[str->len] = '\0';
}
 
/*
 * appendBinaryStringInfoNT
 *
 * Append arbitrary binary data to a StringInfo, allocating more space
 * if necessary. Does not ensure a trailing null-byte exists.
 */
void
appendBinaryStringInfoNT(StringInfo str, const void *data, int datalen)
{
    Assert(str != NULL);
 
    /* Make more room if needed */
    enlargeStringInfo(str, datalen);
 
    /* OK, append the data */
    memcpy(str->data + str->len, data, datalen);
    str->len += datalen;
}
 
/*
 * enlargeStringInfo
 *
 * Make sure there is enough space for 'needed' more bytes
 * ('needed' does not include the terminating null).
 *
 * External callers usually need not concern themselves with this, since
 * all stringinfo.c routines do it automatically.  However, if a caller
 * knows that a StringInfo will eventually become X bytes large, it
 * can save some palloc overhead by enlarging the buffer before starting
 * to store data in it.
 *
 * NB: In the backend, because we use repalloc() to enlarge the buffer, the
 * string buffer will remain allocated in the same memory context that was
 * current when initStringInfo was called, even if another context is now
 * current.  This is the desired and indeed critical behavior!
 */
void
enlargeStringInfo(StringInfo str, int needed)
{
    int         newlen;
 
    /* validate this is not a read-only StringInfo */
    Assert(str->maxlen != 0);
 
    /*
     * Guard against out-of-range "needed" values.  Without this, we can get
     * an overflow or infinite loop in the following.
     */
    if (needed < 0)             /* should not happen */
    {
#ifndef FRONTEND
        elog(ERROR, "invalid string enlargement request size: %d", needed);
#else
        fprintf(stderr, "invalid string enlargement request size: %d\n", needed);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
#endif
    }
    if (((Size) needed) >= (MaxAllocSize - (Size) str->len))
    {
#ifndef FRONTEND
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_PROGRAM_LIMIT_EXCEEDED),
                 errmsg("string buffer exceeds maximum allowed length (%zu bytes)", MaxAllocSize),
                 errdetail("Cannot enlarge string buffer containing %d bytes by %d more bytes.",
                           str->len, needed)));
#else
        fprintf(stderr,
                _("string buffer exceeds maximum allowed length (%zu bytes)\n\nCannot enlarge string buffer containing %d bytes by %d more bytes.\n"),
                MaxAllocSize, str->len, needed);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
#endif
    }
 
    needed += str->len + 1;     /* total space required now */
 
    /* Because of the above test, we now have needed <= MaxAllocSize */
 
    if (needed <= str->maxlen)
        return;                 /* got enough space already */
 
    /*
     * We don't want to allocate just a little more space with each append;
     * for efficiency, double the buffer size each time it overflows.
     * Actually, we might need to more than double it if 'needed' is big...
     */
    newlen = 2 * str->maxlen;
    while (needed > newlen)
        newlen = 2 * newlen;
 
    /*
     * Clamp to MaxAllocSize in case we went past it.  Note we are assuming
     * here that MaxAllocSize <= INT_MAX/2, else the above loop could
     * overflow.  We will still have newlen >= needed.
     */
    if (newlen > (int) MaxAllocSize)
        newlen = (int) MaxAllocSize;
 
    str->data = (char *) repalloc(str->data, newlen);
 
    str->maxlen = newlen;
}
 
/*
 * destroyStringInfo
 *
 * Frees a StringInfo and its buffer (opposite of makeStringInfo()).
 * This must only be called on palloc'd StringInfos.
 */
void
destroyStringInfo(StringInfo str)
{
    /* don't allow destroys of read-only StringInfos */
    Assert(str->maxlen != 0);
 
    pfree(str->data);
    pfree(str);
}