plannodes.h

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * plannodes.h
 *    definitions for query plan nodes
 *
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2020, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 * src/include/nodes/plannodes.h
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#ifndef PLANNODES_H
#define PLANNODES_H

#include "access/sdir.h"
#include "access/stratnum.h"
#include "lib/stringinfo.h"
#include "nodes/bitmapset.h"
#include "nodes/lockoptions.h"
#include "nodes/primnodes.h"


/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *                      node definitions
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */

/* ----------------
 *      PlannedStmt node
 *
 * The output of the planner is a Plan tree headed by a PlannedStmt node.
 * PlannedStmt holds the "one time" information needed by the executor.
 *
 * For simplicity in APIs, we also wrap utility statements in PlannedStmt
 * nodes; in such cases, commandType == CMD_UTILITY, the statement itself
 * is in the utilityStmt field, and the rest of the struct is mostly dummy.
 * (We do use canSetTag, stmt_location, stmt_len, and possibly queryId.)
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct PlannedStmt
{
    NodeTag     type;

    CmdType     commandType;    /* select|insert|update|delete|utility */

    uint64      queryId;        /* query identifier (copied from Query) */

    bool        hasReturning;   /* is it insert|update|delete RETURNING? */

    bool        hasModifyingCTE;    /* has insert|update|delete in WITH? */

    bool        canSetTag;      /* do I set the command result tag? */

    bool        transientPlan;  /* redo plan when TransactionXmin changes? */

    bool        dependsOnRole;  /* is plan specific to current role? */

    bool        parallelModeNeeded; /* parallel mode required to execute? */

    int         jitFlags;       /* which forms of JIT should be performed */

    struct Plan *planTree;      /* tree of Plan nodes */

    List       *rtable;         /* list of RangeTblEntry nodes */

    /* rtable indexes of target relations for INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE */
    List       *resultRelations;    /* integer list of RT indexes, or NIL */

    /*
     * rtable indexes of partitioned table roots that are UPDATE/DELETE
     * targets; needed for trigger firing.
     */
    List       *rootResultRelations;

    List       *appendRelations;    /* list of AppendRelInfo nodes */

    List       *subplans;       /* Plan trees for SubPlan expressions; note
                                 * that some could be NULL */

    Bitmapset  *rewindPlanIDs;  /* indices of subplans that require REWIND */

    List       *rowMarks;       /* a list of PlanRowMark's */

    List       *relationOids;   /* OIDs of relations the plan depends on */

    List       *invalItems;     /* other dependencies, as PlanInvalItems */

    List       *paramExecTypes; /* type OIDs for PARAM_EXEC Params */

    Node       *utilityStmt;    /* non-null if this is utility stmt */

    /* statement location in source string (copied from Query) */
    int         stmt_location;  /* start location, or -1 if unknown */
    int         stmt_len;       /* length in bytes; 0 means "rest of string" */
} PlannedStmt;

/* macro for fetching the Plan associated with a SubPlan node */
#define exec_subplan_get_plan(plannedstmt, subplan) \
    ((Plan *) list_nth((plannedstmt)->subplans, (subplan)->plan_id - 1))


/* ----------------
 *      Plan node
 *
 * All plan nodes "derive" from the Plan structure by having the
 * Plan structure as the first field.  This ensures that everything works
 * when nodes are cast to Plan's.  (node pointers are frequently cast to Plan*
 * when passed around generically in the executor)
 *
 * We never actually instantiate any Plan nodes; this is just the common
 * abstract superclass for all Plan-type nodes.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct Plan
{
    NodeTag     type;

    /*
     * estimated execution costs for plan (see costsize.c for more info)
     */
    Cost        startup_cost;   /* cost expended before fetching any tuples */
    Cost        total_cost;     /* total cost (assuming all tuples fetched) */

    /*
     * planner's estimate of result size of this plan step
     */
    double      plan_rows;      /* number of rows plan is expected to emit */
    int         plan_width;     /* average row width in bytes */

    /*
     * information needed for parallel query
     */
    bool        parallel_aware; /* engage parallel-aware logic? */
    bool        parallel_safe;  /* OK to use as part of parallel plan? */

    /*
     * Common structural data for all Plan types.
     */
    int         plan_node_id;   /* unique across entire final plan tree */
    List       *targetlist;     /* target list to be computed at this node */
    List       *qual;           /* implicitly-ANDed qual conditions */
    struct Plan *lefttree;      /* input plan tree(s) */
    struct Plan *righttree;
    List       *initPlan;       /* Init Plan nodes (un-correlated expr
                                 * subselects) */

    /*
     * Information for management of parameter-change-driven rescanning
     *
     * extParam includes the paramIDs of all external PARAM_EXEC params
     * affecting this plan node or its children.  setParam params from the
     * node's initPlans are not included, but their extParams are.
     *
     * allParam includes all the extParam paramIDs, plus the IDs of local
     * params that affect the node (i.e., the setParams of its initplans).
     * These are _all_ the PARAM_EXEC params that affect this node.
     */
    Bitmapset  *extParam;
    Bitmapset  *allParam;
} Plan;

/* ----------------
 *  these are defined to avoid confusion problems with "left"
 *  and "right" and "inner" and "outer".  The convention is that
 *  the "left" plan is the "outer" plan and the "right" plan is
 *  the inner plan, but these make the code more readable.
 * ----------------
 */
#define innerPlan(node)         (((Plan *)(node))->righttree)
#define outerPlan(node)         (((Plan *)(node))->lefttree)


/* ----------------
 *   Result node -
 *      If no outer plan, evaluate a variable-free targetlist.
 *      If outer plan, return tuples from outer plan (after a level of
 *      projection as shown by targetlist).
 *
 * If resconstantqual isn't NULL, it represents a one-time qualification
 * test (i.e., one that doesn't depend on any variables from the outer plan,
 * so needs to be evaluated only once).
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct Result
{
    Plan        plan;
    Node       *resconstantqual;
} Result;

/* ----------------
 *   ProjectSet node -
 *      Apply a projection that includes set-returning functions to the
 *      output tuples of the outer plan.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct ProjectSet
{
    Plan        plan;
} ProjectSet;

/* ----------------
 *   ModifyTable node -
 *      Apply rows produced by subplan(s) to result table(s),
 *      by inserting, updating, or deleting.
 *
 * If the originally named target table is a partitioned table, both
 * nominalRelation and rootRelation contain the RT index of the partition
 * root, which is not otherwise mentioned in the plan.  Otherwise rootRelation
 * is zero.  However, nominalRelation will always be set, as it's the rel that
 * EXPLAIN should claim is the INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE target.
 *
 * Note that rowMarks and epqParam are presumed to be valid for all the
 * subplan(s); they can't contain any info that varies across subplans.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct ModifyTable
{
    Plan        plan;
    CmdType     operation;      /* INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
    bool        canSetTag;      /* do we set the command tag/es_processed? */
    Index       nominalRelation;    /* Parent RT index for use of EXPLAIN */
    Index       rootRelation;   /* Root RT index, if target is partitioned */
    bool        partColsUpdated;    /* some part key in hierarchy updated */
    List       *resultRelations;    /* integer list of RT indexes */
    int         resultRelIndex; /* index of first resultRel in plan's list */
    int         rootResultRelIndex; /* index of the partitioned table root */
    List       *plans;          /* plan(s) producing source data */
    List       *withCheckOptionLists;   /* per-target-table WCO lists */
    List       *returningLists; /* per-target-table RETURNING tlists */
    List       *fdwPrivLists;   /* per-target-table FDW private data lists */
    Bitmapset  *fdwDirectModifyPlans;   /* indices of FDW DM plans */
    List       *rowMarks;       /* PlanRowMarks (non-locking only) */
    int         epqParam;       /* ID of Param for EvalPlanQual re-eval */
    OnConflictAction onConflictAction;  /* ON CONFLICT action */
    List       *arbiterIndexes; /* List of ON CONFLICT arbiter index OIDs  */
    List       *onConflictSet;  /* SET for INSERT ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE */
    Node       *onConflictWhere;    /* WHERE for ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
    Index       exclRelRTI;     /* RTI of the EXCLUDED pseudo relation */
    List       *exclRelTlist;   /* tlist of the EXCLUDED pseudo relation */
} ModifyTable;

struct PartitionPruneInfo;      /* forward reference to struct below */

/* ----------------
 *   Append node -
 *      Generate the concatenation of the results of sub-plans.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct Append
{
    Plan        plan;
    Bitmapset  *apprelids;      /* RTIs of appendrel(s) formed by this node */
    List       *appendplans;

    /*
     * All 'appendplans' preceding this index are non-partial plans. All
     * 'appendplans' from this index onwards are partial plans.
     */
    int         first_partial_plan;

    /* Info for run-time subplan pruning; NULL if we're not doing that */
    struct PartitionPruneInfo *part_prune_info;
} Append;

/* ----------------
 *   MergeAppend node -
 *      Merge the results of pre-sorted sub-plans to preserve the ordering.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct MergeAppend
{
    Plan        plan;
    Bitmapset  *apprelids;      /* RTIs of appendrel(s) formed by this node */
    List       *mergeplans;
    /* these fields are just like the sort-key info in struct Sort: */
    int         numCols;        /* number of sort-key columns */
    AttrNumber *sortColIdx;     /* their indexes in the target list */
    Oid        *sortOperators;  /* OIDs of operators to sort them by */
    Oid        *collations;     /* OIDs of collations */
    bool       *nullsFirst;     /* NULLS FIRST/LAST directions */
    /* Info for run-time subplan pruning; NULL if we're not doing that */
    struct PartitionPruneInfo *part_prune_info;
} MergeAppend;

/* ----------------
 *  RecursiveUnion node -
 *      Generate a recursive union of two subplans.
 *
 * The "outer" subplan is always the non-recursive term, and the "inner"
 * subplan is the recursive term.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct RecursiveUnion
{
    Plan        plan;
    int         wtParam;        /* ID of Param representing work table */
    /* Remaining fields are zero/null in UNION ALL case */
    int         numCols;        /* number of columns to check for
                                 * duplicate-ness */
    AttrNumber *dupColIdx;      /* their indexes in the target list */
    Oid        *dupOperators;   /* equality operators to compare with */
    Oid        *dupCollations;
    long        numGroups;      /* estimated number of groups in input */
} RecursiveUnion;

/* ----------------
 *   BitmapAnd node -
 *      Generate the intersection of the results of sub-plans.
 *
 * The subplans must be of types that yield tuple bitmaps.  The targetlist
 * and qual fields of the plan are unused and are always NIL.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct BitmapAnd
{
    Plan        plan;
    List       *bitmapplans;
} BitmapAnd;

/* ----------------
 *   BitmapOr node -
 *      Generate the union of the results of sub-plans.
 *
 * The subplans must be of types that yield tuple bitmaps.  The targetlist
 * and qual fields of the plan are unused and are always NIL.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct BitmapOr
{
    Plan        plan;
    bool        isshared;
    List       *bitmapplans;
} BitmapOr;

/*
 * ==========
 * Scan nodes
 * ==========
 */
typedef struct Scan
{
    Plan        plan;
    Index       scanrelid;      /* relid is index into the range table */
} Scan;

/* ----------------
 *      sequential scan node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef Scan SeqScan;

/* ----------------
 *      table sample scan node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct SampleScan
{
    Scan        scan;
    /* use struct pointer to avoid including parsenodes.h here */
    struct TableSampleClause *tablesample;
} SampleScan;

/* ----------------
 *      index scan node
 *
 * indexqualorig is an implicitly-ANDed list of index qual expressions, each
 * in the same form it appeared in the query WHERE condition.  Each should
 * be of the form (indexkey OP comparisonval) or (comparisonval OP indexkey).
 * The indexkey is a Var or expression referencing column(s) of the index's
 * base table.  The comparisonval might be any expression, but it won't use
 * any columns of the base table.  The expressions are ordered by index
 * column position (but items referencing the same index column can appear
 * in any order).  indexqualorig is used at runtime only if we have to recheck
 * a lossy indexqual.
 *
 * indexqual has the same form, but the expressions have been commuted if
 * necessary to put the indexkeys on the left, and the indexkeys are replaced
 * by Var nodes identifying the index columns (their varno is INDEX_VAR and
 * their varattno is the index column number).
 *
 * indexorderbyorig is similarly the original form of any ORDER BY expressions
 * that are being implemented by the index, while indexorderby is modified to
 * have index column Vars on the left-hand side.  Here, multiple expressions
 * must appear in exactly the ORDER BY order, and this is not necessarily the
 * index column order.  Only the expressions are provided, not the auxiliary
 * sort-order information from the ORDER BY SortGroupClauses; it's assumed
 * that the sort ordering is fully determinable from the top-level operators.
 * indexorderbyorig is used at runtime to recheck the ordering, if the index
 * cannot calculate an accurate ordering.  It is also needed for EXPLAIN.
 *
 * indexorderbyops is a list of the OIDs of the operators used to sort the
 * ORDER BY expressions.  This is used together with indexorderbyorig to
 * recheck ordering at run time.  (Note that indexorderby, indexorderbyorig,
 * and indexorderbyops are used for amcanorderbyop cases, not amcanorder.)
 *
 * indexorderdir specifies the scan ordering, for indexscans on amcanorder
 * indexes (for other indexes it should be "don't care").
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct IndexScan
{
    Scan        scan;
    Oid         indexid;        /* OID of index to scan */
    List       *indexqual;      /* list of index quals (usually OpExprs) */
    List       *indexqualorig;  /* the same in original form */
    List       *indexorderby;   /* list of index ORDER BY exprs */
    List       *indexorderbyorig;   /* the same in original form */
    List       *indexorderbyops;    /* OIDs of sort ops for ORDER BY exprs */
    ScanDirection indexorderdir;    /* forward or backward or don't care */
} IndexScan;

/* ----------------
 *      index-only scan node
 *
 * IndexOnlyScan is very similar to IndexScan, but it specifies an
 * index-only scan, in which the data comes from the index not the heap.
 * Because of this, *all* Vars in the plan node's targetlist, qual, and
 * index expressions reference index columns and have varno = INDEX_VAR.
 * Hence we do not need separate indexqualorig and indexorderbyorig lists,
 * since their contents would be equivalent to indexqual and indexorderby.
 *
 * To help EXPLAIN interpret the index Vars for display, we provide
 * indextlist, which represents the contents of the index as a targetlist
 * with one TLE per index column.  Vars appearing in this list reference
 * the base table, and this is the only field in the plan node that may
 * contain such Vars.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct IndexOnlyScan
{
    Scan        scan;
    Oid         indexid;        /* OID of index to scan */
    List       *indexqual;      /* list of index quals (usually OpExprs) */
    List       *indexorderby;   /* list of index ORDER BY exprs */
    List       *indextlist;     /* TargetEntry list describing index's cols */
    ScanDirection indexorderdir;    /* forward or backward or don't care */
} IndexOnlyScan;

/* ----------------
 *      bitmap index scan node
 *
 * BitmapIndexScan delivers a bitmap of potential tuple locations;
 * it does not access the heap itself.  The bitmap is used by an
 * ancestor BitmapHeapScan node, possibly after passing through
 * intermediate BitmapAnd and/or BitmapOr nodes to combine it with
 * the results of other BitmapIndexScans.
 *
 * The fields have the same meanings as for IndexScan, except we don't
 * store a direction flag because direction is uninteresting.
 *
 * In a BitmapIndexScan plan node, the targetlist and qual fields are
 * not used and are always NIL.  The indexqualorig field is unused at
 * run time too, but is saved for the benefit of EXPLAIN.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct BitmapIndexScan
{
    Scan        scan;
    Oid         indexid;        /* OID of index to scan */
    bool        isshared;       /* Create shared bitmap if set */
    List       *indexqual;      /* list of index quals (OpExprs) */
    List       *indexqualorig;  /* the same in original form */
} BitmapIndexScan;

/* ----------------
 *      bitmap sequential scan node
 *
 * This needs a copy of the qual conditions being used by the input index
 * scans because there are various cases where we need to recheck the quals;
 * for example, when the bitmap is lossy about the specific rows on a page
 * that meet the index condition.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct BitmapHeapScan
{
    Scan        scan;
    List       *bitmapqualorig; /* index quals, in standard expr form */
} BitmapHeapScan;

/* ----------------
 *      tid scan node
 *
 * tidquals is an implicitly OR'ed list of qual expressions of the form
 * "CTID = pseudoconstant", or "CTID = ANY(pseudoconstant_array)",
 * or a CurrentOfExpr for the relation.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct TidScan
{
    Scan        scan;
    List       *tidquals;       /* qual(s) involving CTID = something */
} TidScan;

/* ----------------
 *      subquery scan node
 *
 * SubqueryScan is for scanning the output of a sub-query in the range table.
 * We often need an extra plan node above the sub-query's plan to perform
 * expression evaluations (which we can't push into the sub-query without
 * risking changing its semantics).  Although we are not scanning a physical
 * relation, we make this a descendant of Scan anyway for code-sharing
 * purposes.
 *
 * Note: we store the sub-plan in the type-specific subplan field, not in
 * the generic lefttree field as you might expect.  This is because we do
 * not want plan-tree-traversal routines to recurse into the subplan without
 * knowing that they are changing Query contexts.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct SubqueryScan
{
    Scan        scan;
    Plan       *subplan;
} SubqueryScan;

/* ----------------
 *      FunctionScan node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct FunctionScan
{
    Scan        scan;
    List       *functions;      /* list of RangeTblFunction nodes */
    bool        funcordinality; /* WITH ORDINALITY */
} FunctionScan;

/* ----------------
 *      ValuesScan node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct ValuesScan
{
    Scan        scan;
    List       *values_lists;   /* list of expression lists */
} ValuesScan;

/* ----------------
 *      TableFunc scan node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct TableFuncScan
{
    Scan        scan;
    TableFunc  *tablefunc;      /* table function node */
} TableFuncScan;

/* ----------------
 *      CteScan node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct CteScan
{
    Scan        scan;
    int         ctePlanId;      /* ID of init SubPlan for CTE */
    int         cteParam;       /* ID of Param representing CTE output */
} CteScan;

/* ----------------
 *      NamedTuplestoreScan node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct NamedTuplestoreScan
{
    Scan        scan;
    char       *enrname;        /* Name given to Ephemeral Named Relation */
} NamedTuplestoreScan;

/* ----------------
 *      WorkTableScan node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct WorkTableScan
{
    Scan        scan;
    int         wtParam;        /* ID of Param representing work table */
} WorkTableScan;

/* ----------------
 *      ForeignScan node
 *
 * fdw_exprs and fdw_private are both under the control of the foreign-data
 * wrapper, but fdw_exprs is presumed to contain expression trees and will
 * be post-processed accordingly by the planner; fdw_private won't be.
 * Note that everything in both lists must be copiable by copyObject().
 * One way to store an arbitrary blob of bytes is to represent it as a bytea
 * Const.  Usually, though, you'll be better off choosing a representation
 * that can be dumped usefully by nodeToString().
 *
 * fdw_scan_tlist is a targetlist describing the contents of the scan tuple
 * returned by the FDW; it can be NIL if the scan tuple matches the declared
 * rowtype of the foreign table, which is the normal case for a simple foreign
 * table scan.  (If the plan node represents a foreign join, fdw_scan_tlist
 * is required since there is no rowtype available from the system catalogs.)
 * When fdw_scan_tlist is provided, Vars in the node's tlist and quals must
 * have varno INDEX_VAR, and their varattnos correspond to resnos in the
 * fdw_scan_tlist (which are also column numbers in the actual scan tuple).
 * fdw_scan_tlist is never actually executed; it just holds expression trees
 * describing what is in the scan tuple's columns.
 *
 * fdw_recheck_quals should contain any quals which the core system passed to
 * the FDW but which were not added to scan.plan.qual; that is, it should
 * contain the quals being checked remotely.  This is needed for correct
 * behavior during EvalPlanQual rechecks.
 *
 * When the plan node represents a foreign join, scan.scanrelid is zero and
 * fs_relids must be consulted to identify the join relation.  (fs_relids
 * is valid for simple scans as well, but will always match scan.scanrelid.)
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct ForeignScan
{
    Scan        scan;
    CmdType     operation;      /* SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE */
    Oid         fs_server;      /* OID of foreign server */
    List       *fdw_exprs;      /* expressions that FDW may evaluate */
    List       *fdw_private;    /* private data for FDW */
    List       *fdw_scan_tlist; /* optional tlist describing scan tuple */
    List       *fdw_recheck_quals;  /* original quals not in scan.plan.qual */
    Bitmapset  *fs_relids;      /* RTIs generated by this scan */
    bool        fsSystemCol;    /* true if any "system column" is needed */
} ForeignScan;

/* ----------------
 *     CustomScan node
 *
 * The comments for ForeignScan's fdw_exprs, fdw_private, fdw_scan_tlist,
 * and fs_relids fields apply equally to CustomScan's custom_exprs,
 * custom_private, custom_scan_tlist, and custom_relids fields.  The
 * convention of setting scan.scanrelid to zero for joins applies as well.
 *
 * Note that since Plan trees can be copied, custom scan providers *must*
 * fit all plan data they need into those fields; embedding CustomScan in
 * a larger struct will not work.
 * ----------------
 */
struct CustomScanMethods;

typedef struct CustomScan
{
    Scan        scan;
    uint32      flags;          /* mask of CUSTOMPATH_* flags, see
                                 * nodes/extensible.h */
    List       *custom_plans;   /* list of Plan nodes, if any */
    List       *custom_exprs;   /* expressions that custom code may evaluate */
    List       *custom_private; /* private data for custom code */
    List       *custom_scan_tlist;  /* optional tlist describing scan tuple */
    Bitmapset  *custom_relids;  /* RTIs generated by this scan */
    const struct CustomScanMethods *methods;
} CustomScan;

/*
 * ==========
 * Join nodes
 * ==========
 */

/* ----------------
 *      Join node
 *
 * jointype:    rule for joining tuples from left and right subtrees
 * inner_unique each outer tuple can match to no more than one inner tuple
 * joinqual:    qual conditions that came from JOIN/ON or JOIN/USING
 *              (plan.qual contains conditions that came from WHERE)
 *
 * When jointype is INNER, joinqual and plan.qual are semantically
 * interchangeable.  For OUTER jointypes, the two are *not* interchangeable;
 * only joinqual is used to determine whether a match has been found for
 * the purpose of deciding whether to generate null-extended tuples.
 * (But plan.qual is still applied before actually returning a tuple.)
 * For an outer join, only joinquals are allowed to be used as the merge
 * or hash condition of a merge or hash join.
 *
 * inner_unique is set if the joinquals are such that no more than one inner
 * tuple could match any given outer tuple.  This allows the executor to
 * skip searching for additional matches.  (This must be provable from just
 * the joinquals, ignoring plan.qual, due to where the executor tests it.)
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct Join
{
    Plan        plan;
    JoinType    jointype;
    bool        inner_unique;
    List       *joinqual;       /* JOIN quals (in addition to plan.qual) */
} Join;

/* ----------------
 *      nest loop join node
 *
 * The nestParams list identifies any executor Params that must be passed
 * into execution of the inner subplan carrying values from the current row
 * of the outer subplan.  Currently we restrict these values to be simple
 * Vars, but perhaps someday that'd be worth relaxing.  (Note: during plan
 * creation, the paramval can actually be a PlaceHolderVar expression; but it
 * must be a Var with varno OUTER_VAR by the time it gets to the executor.)
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct NestLoop
{
    Join        join;
    List       *nestParams;     /* list of NestLoopParam nodes */
} NestLoop;

typedef struct NestLoopParam
{
    NodeTag     type;
    int         paramno;        /* number of the PARAM_EXEC Param to set */
    Var        *paramval;       /* outer-relation Var to assign to Param */
} NestLoopParam;

/* ----------------
 *      merge join node
 *
 * The expected ordering of each mergeable column is described by a btree
 * opfamily OID, a collation OID, a direction (BTLessStrategyNumber or
 * BTGreaterStrategyNumber) and a nulls-first flag.  Note that the two sides
 * of each mergeclause may be of different datatypes, but they are ordered the
 * same way according to the common opfamily and collation.  The operator in
 * each mergeclause must be an equality operator of the indicated opfamily.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct MergeJoin
{
    Join        join;
    bool        skip_mark_restore;  /* Can we skip mark/restore calls? */
    List       *mergeclauses;   /* mergeclauses as expression trees */
    /* these are arrays, but have the same length as the mergeclauses list: */
    Oid        *mergeFamilies;  /* per-clause OIDs of btree opfamilies */
    Oid        *mergeCollations;    /* per-clause OIDs of collations */
    int        *mergeStrategies;    /* per-clause ordering (ASC or DESC) */
    bool       *mergeNullsFirst;    /* per-clause nulls ordering */
} MergeJoin;

/* ----------------
 *      hash join node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct HashJoin
{
    Join        join;
    List       *hashclauses;
    List       *hashoperators;
    List       *hashcollations;

    /*
     * List of expressions to be hashed for tuples from the outer plan, to
     * perform lookups in the hashtable over the inner plan.
     */
    List       *hashkeys;
} HashJoin;

/* ----------------
 *      materialization node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct Material
{
    Plan        plan;
} Material;

/* ----------------
 *      sort node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct Sort
{
    Plan        plan;
    int         numCols;        /* number of sort-key columns */
    AttrNumber *sortColIdx;     /* their indexes in the target list */
    Oid        *sortOperators;  /* OIDs of operators to sort them by */
    Oid        *collations;     /* OIDs of collations */
    bool       *nullsFirst;     /* NULLS FIRST/LAST directions */
} Sort;

/* ---------------
 *   group node -
 *      Used for queries with GROUP BY (but no aggregates) specified.
 *      The input must be presorted according to the grouping columns.
 * ---------------
 */
typedef struct Group
{
    Plan        plan;
    int         numCols;        /* number of grouping columns */
    AttrNumber *grpColIdx;      /* their indexes in the target list */
    Oid        *grpOperators;   /* equality operators to compare with */
    Oid        *grpCollations;
} Group;

/* ---------------
 *      aggregate node
 *
 * An Agg node implements plain or grouped aggregation.  For grouped
 * aggregation, we can work with presorted input or unsorted input;
 * the latter strategy uses an internal hashtable.
 *
 * Notice the lack of any direct info about the aggregate functions to be
 * computed.  They are found by scanning the node's tlist and quals during
 * executor startup.  (It is possible that there are no aggregate functions;
 * this could happen if they get optimized away by constant-folding, or if
 * we are using the Agg node to implement hash-based grouping.)
 * ---------------
 */
typedef struct Agg
{
    Plan        plan;
    AggStrategy aggstrategy;    /* basic strategy, see nodes.h */
    AggSplit    aggsplit;       /* agg-splitting mode, see nodes.h */
    int         numCols;        /* number of grouping columns */
    AttrNumber *grpColIdx;      /* their indexes in the target list */
    Oid        *grpOperators;   /* equality operators to compare with */
    Oid        *grpCollations;
    long        numGroups;      /* estimated number of groups in input */
    Bitmapset  *aggParams;      /* IDs of Params used in Aggref inputs */
    /* Note: planner provides numGroups & aggParams only in HASHED/MIXED case */
    List       *groupingSets;   /* grouping sets to use */
    List       *chain;          /* chained Agg/Sort nodes */
} Agg;

/* ----------------
 *      window aggregate node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct WindowAgg
{
    Plan        plan;
    Index       winref;         /* ID referenced by window functions */
    int         partNumCols;    /* number of columns in partition clause */
    AttrNumber *partColIdx;     /* their indexes in the target list */
    Oid        *partOperators;  /* equality operators for partition columns */
    Oid        *partCollations; /* collations for partition columns */
    int         ordNumCols;     /* number of columns in ordering clause */
    AttrNumber *ordColIdx;      /* their indexes in the target list */
    Oid        *ordOperators;   /* equality operators for ordering columns */
    Oid        *ordCollations;  /* collations for ordering columns */
    int         frameOptions;   /* frame_clause options, see WindowDef */
    Node       *startOffset;    /* expression for starting bound, if any */
    Node       *endOffset;      /* expression for ending bound, if any */
    /* these fields are used with RANGE offset PRECEDING/FOLLOWING: */
    Oid         startInRangeFunc;   /* in_range function for startOffset */
    Oid         endInRangeFunc; /* in_range function for endOffset */
    Oid         inRangeColl;    /* collation for in_range tests */
    bool        inRangeAsc;     /* use ASC sort order for in_range tests? */
    bool        inRangeNullsFirst;  /* nulls sort first for in_range tests? */
} WindowAgg;

/* ----------------
 *      unique node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct Unique
{
    Plan        plan;
    int         numCols;        /* number of columns to check for uniqueness */
    AttrNumber *uniqColIdx;     /* their indexes in the target list */
    Oid        *uniqOperators;  /* equality operators to compare with */
    Oid        *uniqCollations; /* collations for equality comparisons */
} Unique;

/* ------------
 *      gather node
 *
 * Note: rescan_param is the ID of a PARAM_EXEC parameter slot.  That slot
 * will never actually contain a value, but the Gather node must flag it as
 * having changed whenever it is rescanned.  The child parallel-aware scan
 * nodes are marked as depending on that parameter, so that the rescan
 * machinery is aware that their output is likely to change across rescans.
 * In some cases we don't need a rescan Param, so rescan_param is set to -1.
 * ------------
 */
typedef struct Gather
{
    Plan        plan;
    int         num_workers;    /* planned number of worker processes */
    int         rescan_param;   /* ID of Param that signals a rescan, or -1 */
    bool        single_copy;    /* don't execute plan more than once */
    bool        invisible;      /* suppress EXPLAIN display (for testing)? */
    Bitmapset  *initParam;      /* param id's of initplans which are referred
                                 * at gather or one of it's child node */
} Gather;

/* ------------
 *      gather merge node
 * ------------
 */
typedef struct GatherMerge
{
    Plan        plan;
    int         num_workers;    /* planned number of worker processes */
    int         rescan_param;   /* ID of Param that signals a rescan, or -1 */
    /* remaining fields are just like the sort-key info in struct Sort */
    int         numCols;        /* number of sort-key columns */
    AttrNumber *sortColIdx;     /* their indexes in the target list */
    Oid        *sortOperators;  /* OIDs of operators to sort them by */
    Oid        *collations;     /* OIDs of collations */
    bool       *nullsFirst;     /* NULLS FIRST/LAST directions */
    Bitmapset  *initParam;      /* param id's of initplans which are referred
                                 * at gather merge or one of it's child node */
} GatherMerge;

/* ----------------
 *      hash build node
 *
 * If the executor is supposed to try to apply skew join optimization, then
 * skewTable/skewColumn/skewInherit identify the outer relation's join key
 * column, from which the relevant MCV statistics can be fetched.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct Hash
{
    Plan        plan;

    /*
     * List of expressions to be hashed for tuples from Hash's outer plan,
     * needed to put them into the hashtable.
     */
    List       *hashkeys;       /* hash keys for the hashjoin condition */
    Oid         skewTable;      /* outer join key's table OID, or InvalidOid */
    AttrNumber  skewColumn;     /* outer join key's column #, or zero */
    bool        skewInherit;    /* is outer join rel an inheritance tree? */
    /* all other info is in the parent HashJoin node */
    double      rows_total;     /* estimate total rows if parallel_aware */
} Hash;

/* ----------------
 *      setop node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct SetOp
{
    Plan        plan;
    SetOpCmd    cmd;            /* what to do, see nodes.h */
    SetOpStrategy strategy;     /* how to do it, see nodes.h */
    int         numCols;        /* number of columns to check for
                                 * duplicate-ness */
    AttrNumber *dupColIdx;      /* their indexes in the target list */
    Oid        *dupOperators;   /* equality operators to compare with */
    Oid        *dupCollations;
    AttrNumber  flagColIdx;     /* where is the flag column, if any */
    int         firstFlag;      /* flag value for first input relation */
    long        numGroups;      /* estimated number of groups in input */
} SetOp;

/* ----------------
 *      lock-rows node
 *
 * rowMarks identifies the rels to be locked by this node; it should be
 * a subset of the rowMarks listed in the top-level PlannedStmt.
 * epqParam is a Param that all scan nodes below this one must depend on.
 * It is used to force re-evaluation of the plan during EvalPlanQual.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct LockRows
{
    Plan        plan;
    List       *rowMarks;       /* a list of PlanRowMark's */
    int         epqParam;       /* ID of Param for EvalPlanQual re-eval */
} LockRows;

/* ----------------
 *      limit node
 *
 * Note: as of Postgres 8.2, the offset and count expressions are expected
 * to yield int8, rather than int4 as before.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct Limit
{
    Plan        plan;
    Node       *limitOffset;    /* OFFSET parameter, or NULL if none */
    Node       *limitCount;     /* COUNT parameter, or NULL if none */
} Limit;


/*
 * RowMarkType -
 *    enums for types of row-marking operations
 *
 * The first four of these values represent different lock strengths that
 * we can take on tuples according to SELECT FOR [KEY] UPDATE/SHARE requests.
 * We support these on regular tables, as well as on foreign tables whose FDWs
 * report support for late locking.  For other foreign tables, any locking
 * that might be done for such requests must happen during the initial row
 * fetch; their FDWs provide no mechanism for going back to lock a row later.
 * This means that the semantics will be a bit different than for a local
 * table; in particular we are likely to lock more rows than would be locked
 * locally, since remote rows will be locked even if they then fail
 * locally-checked restriction or join quals.  However, the prospect of
 * doing a separate remote query to lock each selected row is usually pretty
 * unappealing, so early locking remains a credible design choice for FDWs.
 *
 * When doing UPDATE, DELETE, or SELECT FOR UPDATE/SHARE, we have to uniquely
 * identify all the source rows, not only those from the target relations, so
 * that we can perform EvalPlanQual rechecking at need.  For plain tables we
 * can just fetch the TID, much as for a target relation; this case is
 * represented by ROW_MARK_REFERENCE.  Otherwise (for example for VALUES or
 * FUNCTION scans) we have to copy the whole row value.  ROW_MARK_COPY is
 * pretty inefficient, since most of the time we'll never need the data; but
 * fortunately the overhead is usually not performance-critical in practice.
 * By default we use ROW_MARK_COPY for foreign tables, but if the FDW has
 * a concept of rowid it can request to use ROW_MARK_REFERENCE instead.
 * (Again, this probably doesn't make sense if a physical remote fetch is
 * needed, but for FDWs that map to local storage it might be credible.)
 */
typedef enum RowMarkType
{
    ROW_MARK_EXCLUSIVE,         /* obtain exclusive tuple lock */
    ROW_MARK_NOKEYEXCLUSIVE,    /* obtain no-key exclusive tuple lock */
    ROW_MARK_SHARE,             /* obtain shared tuple lock */
    ROW_MARK_KEYSHARE,          /* obtain keyshare tuple lock */
    ROW_MARK_REFERENCE,         /* just fetch the TID, don't lock it */
    ROW_MARK_COPY               /* physically copy the row value */
} RowMarkType;

#define RowMarkRequiresRowShareLock(marktype)  ((marktype) <= ROW_MARK_KEYSHARE)

/*
 * PlanRowMark -
 *     plan-time representation of FOR [KEY] UPDATE/SHARE clauses
 *
 * When doing UPDATE, DELETE, or SELECT FOR UPDATE/SHARE, we create a separate
 * PlanRowMark node for each non-target relation in the query.  Relations that
 * are not specified as FOR UPDATE/SHARE are marked ROW_MARK_REFERENCE (if
 * regular tables or supported foreign tables) or ROW_MARK_COPY (if not).
 *
 * Initially all PlanRowMarks have rti == prti and isParent == false.
 * When the planner discovers that a relation is the root of an inheritance
 * tree, it sets isParent true, and adds an additional PlanRowMark to the
 * list for each child relation (including the target rel itself in its role
 * as a child).  isParent is also set to true for the partitioned child
 * relations, which are not scanned just like the root parent.  The child
 * entries have rti == child rel's RT index and prti == parent's RT index,
 * and can therefore be recognized as children by the fact that prti != rti.
 * The parent's allMarkTypes field gets the OR of (1<<markType) across all
 * its children (this definition allows children to use different markTypes).
 *
 * The planner also adds resjunk output columns to the plan that carry
 * information sufficient to identify the locked or fetched rows.  When
 * markType != ROW_MARK_COPY, these columns are named
 *      tableoid%u          OID of table
 *      ctid%u              TID of row
 * The tableoid column is only present for an inheritance hierarchy.
 * When markType == ROW_MARK_COPY, there is instead a single column named
 *      wholerow%u          whole-row value of relation
 * (An inheritance hierarchy could have all three resjunk output columns,
 * if some children use a different markType than others.)
 * In all three cases, %u represents the rowmark ID number (rowmarkId).
 * This number is unique within a plan tree, except that child relation
 * entries copy their parent's rowmarkId.  (Assigning unique numbers
 * means we needn't renumber rowmarkIds when flattening subqueries, which
 * would require finding and renaming the resjunk columns as well.)
 * Note this means that all tables in an inheritance hierarchy share the
 * same resjunk column names.  However, in an inherited UPDATE/DELETE the
 * columns could have different physical column numbers in each subplan.
 */
typedef struct PlanRowMark
{
    NodeTag     type;
    Index       rti;            /* range table index of markable relation */
    Index       prti;           /* range table index of parent relation */
    Index       rowmarkId;      /* unique identifier for resjunk columns */
    RowMarkType markType;       /* see enum above */
    int         allMarkTypes;   /* OR of (1<<markType) for all children */
    LockClauseStrength strength;    /* LockingClause's strength, or LCS_NONE */
    LockWaitPolicy waitPolicy;  /* NOWAIT and SKIP LOCKED options */
    bool        isParent;       /* true if this is a "dummy" parent entry */
} PlanRowMark;


/*
 * Node types to represent partition pruning information.
 */

/*
 * PartitionPruneInfo - Details required to allow the executor to prune
 * partitions.
 *
 * Here we store mapping details to allow translation of a partitioned table's
 * index as returned by the partition pruning code into subplan indexes for
 * plan types which support arbitrary numbers of subplans, such as Append.
 * We also store various details to tell the executor when it should be
 * performing partition pruning.
 *
 * Each PartitionedRelPruneInfo describes the partitioning rules for a single
 * partitioned table (a/k/a level of partitioning).  Since a partitioning
 * hierarchy could contain multiple levels, we represent it by a List of
 * PartitionedRelPruneInfos, where the first entry represents the topmost
 * partitioned table and additional entries represent non-leaf child
 * partitions, ordered such that parents appear before their children.
 * Then, since an Append-type node could have multiple partitioning
 * hierarchies among its children, we have an unordered List of those Lists.
 *
 * prune_infos          List of Lists containing PartitionedRelPruneInfo nodes,
 *                      one sublist per run-time-prunable partition hierarchy
 *                      appearing in the parent plan node's subplans.
 * other_subplans       Indexes of any subplans that are not accounted for
 *                      by any of the PartitionedRelPruneInfo nodes in
 *                      "prune_infos".  These subplans must not be pruned.
 */
typedef struct PartitionPruneInfo
{
    NodeTag     type;
    List       *prune_infos;
    Bitmapset  *other_subplans;
} PartitionPruneInfo;

/*
 * PartitionedRelPruneInfo - Details required to allow the executor to prune
 * partitions for a single partitioned table.
 *
 * subplan_map[] and subpart_map[] are indexed by partition index of the
 * partitioned table referenced by 'rtindex', the partition index being the
 * order that the partitions are defined in the table's PartitionDesc.  For a
 * leaf partition p, subplan_map[p] contains the zero-based index of the
 * partition's subplan in the parent plan's subplan list; it is -1 if the
 * partition is non-leaf or has been pruned.  For a non-leaf partition p,
 * subpart_map[p] contains the zero-based index of that sub-partition's
 * PartitionedRelPruneInfo in the hierarchy's PartitionedRelPruneInfo list;
 * it is -1 if the partition is a leaf or has been pruned.  Note that subplan
 * indexes, as stored in 'subplan_map', are global across the parent plan
 * node, but partition indexes are valid only within a particular hierarchy.
 * relid_map[p] contains the partition's OID, or 0 if the partition was pruned.
 */
typedef struct PartitionedRelPruneInfo
{
    NodeTag     type;
    Index       rtindex;        /* RT index of partition rel for this level */
    Bitmapset  *present_parts;  /* Indexes of all partitions which subplans or
                                 * subparts are present for */
    int         nparts;         /* Length of the following arrays: */
    int        *subplan_map;    /* subplan index by partition index, or -1 */
    int        *subpart_map;    /* subpart index by partition index, or -1 */
    Oid        *relid_map;      /* relation OID by partition index, or 0 */

    /*
     * initial_pruning_steps shows how to prune during executor startup (i.e.,
     * without use of any PARAM_EXEC Params); it is NIL if no startup pruning
     * is required.  exec_pruning_steps shows how to prune with PARAM_EXEC
     * Params; it is NIL if no per-scan pruning is required.
     */
    List       *initial_pruning_steps;  /* List of PartitionPruneStep */
    List       *exec_pruning_steps; /* List of PartitionPruneStep */
    Bitmapset  *execparamids;   /* All PARAM_EXEC Param IDs in
                                 * exec_pruning_steps */
} PartitionedRelPruneInfo;

/*
 * Abstract Node type for partition pruning steps (there are no concrete
 * Nodes of this type).
 *
 * step_id is the global identifier of the step within its pruning context.
 */
typedef struct PartitionPruneStep
{
    NodeTag     type;
    int         step_id;
} PartitionPruneStep;

/*
 * PartitionPruneStepOp - Information to prune using a set of mutually AND'd
 *                          OpExpr clauses
 *
 * This contains information extracted from up to partnatts OpExpr clauses,
 * where partnatts is the number of partition key columns.  'opstrategy' is the
 * strategy of the operator in the clause matched to the last partition key.
 * 'exprs' contains expressions which comprise the lookup key to be passed to
 * the partition bound search function.  'cmpfns' contains the OIDs of
 * comparison functions used to compare aforementioned expressions with
 * partition bounds.  Both 'exprs' and 'cmpfns' contain the same number of
 * items, up to partnatts items.
 *
 * Once we find the offset of a partition bound using the lookup key, we
 * determine which partitions to include in the result based on the value of
 * 'opstrategy'.  For example, if it were equality, we'd return just the
 * partition that would contain that key or a set of partitions if the key
 * didn't consist of all partitioning columns.  For non-equality strategies,
 * we'd need to include other partitions as appropriate.
 *
 * 'nullkeys' is the set containing the offset of the partition keys (0 to
 * partnatts - 1) that were matched to an IS NULL clause.  This is only
 * considered for hash partitioning as we need to pass which keys are null
 * to the hash partition bound search function.  It is never possible to
 * have an expression be present in 'exprs' for a given partition key and
 * the corresponding bit set in 'nullkeys'.
 */
typedef struct PartitionPruneStepOp
{
    PartitionPruneStep step;

    StrategyNumber opstrategy;
    List       *exprs;
    List       *cmpfns;
    Bitmapset  *nullkeys;
} PartitionPruneStepOp;

/*
 * PartitionPruneStepCombine - Information to prune using a BoolExpr clause
 *
 * For BoolExpr clauses, we combine the set of partitions determined for each
 * of the argument clauses.
 */
typedef enum PartitionPruneCombineOp
{
    PARTPRUNE_COMBINE_UNION,
    PARTPRUNE_COMBINE_INTERSECT
} PartitionPruneCombineOp;

typedef struct PartitionPruneStepCombine
{
    PartitionPruneStep step;

    PartitionPruneCombineOp combineOp;
    List       *source_stepids;
} PartitionPruneStepCombine;


/*
 * Plan invalidation info
 *
 * We track the objects on which a PlannedStmt depends in two ways:
 * relations are recorded as a simple list of OIDs, and everything else
 * is represented as a list of PlanInvalItems.  A PlanInvalItem is designed
 * to be used with the syscache invalidation mechanism, so it identifies a
 * system catalog entry by cache ID and hash value.
 */
typedef struct PlanInvalItem
{
    NodeTag     type;
    int         cacheId;        /* a syscache ID, see utils/syscache.h */
    uint32      hashValue;      /* hash value of object's cache lookup key */
} PlanInvalItem;

#endif                          /* PLANNODES_H */