domains.c

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * domains.c
 *    I/O functions for domain types.
 *
 * The output functions for a domain type are just the same ones provided
 * by its underlying base type.  The input functions, however, must be
 * prepared to apply any constraints defined by the type.  So, we create
 * special input functions that invoke the base type's input function
 * and then check the constraints.
 *
 * The overhead required for constraint checking can be high, since examining
 * the catalogs to discover the constraints for a given domain is not cheap.
 * We have three mechanisms for minimizing this cost:
 *  1.  We rely on the typcache to keep up-to-date copies of the constraints.
 *  2.  In a nest of domains, we flatten the checking of all the levels
 *      into just one operation (the typcache does this for us).
 *  3.  If there are CHECK constraints, we cache a standalone ExprContext
 *      to evaluate them in.
 *
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2025, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *    src/backend/utils/adt/domains.c
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#include "postgres.h"
 
#include "access/htup_details.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "executor/executor.h"
#include "lib/stringinfo.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/expandeddatum.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
#include "utils/syscache.h"
#include "utils/typcache.h"
 
static bool domain_check_internal(Datum value, bool isnull, Oid domainType,
                                  void **extra, MemoryContext mcxt,
                                  Node *escontext);
 
/*
 * structure to cache state across multiple calls
 */
typedef struct DomainIOData
{
    Oid         domain_type;
    /* Data needed to call base type's input function */
    Oid         typiofunc;
    Oid         typioparam;
    int32       typtypmod;
    FmgrInfo    proc;
    /* Reference to cached list of constraint items to check */
    DomainConstraintRef constraint_ref;
    /* Context for evaluating CHECK constraints in */
    ExprContext *econtext;
    /* Memory context this cache is in */
    MemoryContext mcxt;
} DomainIOData;
 
 
/*
 * domain_state_setup - initialize the cache for a new domain type.
 *
 * Note: we can't re-use the same cache struct for a new domain type,
 * since there's no provision for releasing the DomainConstraintRef.
 * If a call site needs to deal with a new domain type, we just leak
 * the old struct for the duration of the query.
 */
static DomainIOData *
domain_state_setup(Oid domainType, bool binary, MemoryContext mcxt)
{
    DomainIOData *my_extra;
    TypeCacheEntry *typentry;
    Oid         baseType;
 
    my_extra = (DomainIOData *) MemoryContextAlloc(mcxt, sizeof(DomainIOData));
 
    /*
     * Verify that domainType represents a valid domain type.  We need to be
     * careful here because domain_in and domain_recv can be called from SQL,
     * possibly with incorrect arguments.  We use lookup_type_cache mainly
     * because it will throw a clean user-facing error for a bad OID; but also
     * it can cache the underlying base type info.
     */
    typentry = lookup_type_cache(domainType, TYPECACHE_DOMAIN_BASE_INFO);
    if (typentry->typtype != TYPTYPE_DOMAIN)
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
                 errmsg("type %s is not a domain",
                        format_type_be(domainType))));
 
    /* Find out the base type */
    baseType = typentry->domainBaseType;
    my_extra->typtypmod = typentry->domainBaseTypmod;
 
    /* Look up underlying I/O function */
    if (binary)
        getTypeBinaryInputInfo(baseType,
                               &my_extra->typiofunc,
                               &my_extra->typioparam);
    else
        getTypeInputInfo(baseType,
                         &my_extra->typiofunc,
                         &my_extra->typioparam);
    fmgr_info_cxt(my_extra->typiofunc, &my_extra->proc, mcxt);
 
    /* Look up constraints for domain */
    InitDomainConstraintRef(domainType, &my_extra->constraint_ref, mcxt, true);
 
    /* We don't make an ExprContext until needed */
    my_extra->econtext = NULL;
    my_extra->mcxt = mcxt;
 
    /* Mark cache valid */
    my_extra->domain_type = domainType;
 
    return my_extra;
}
 
/*
 * domain_check_input - apply the cached checks.
 *
 * This is roughly similar to the handling of CoerceToDomain nodes in
 * execExpr*.c, but we execute each constraint separately, rather than
 * compiling them in-line within a larger expression.
 *
 * If escontext points to an ErrorSaveContext, any failures are reported
 * there, otherwise they are ereport'ed.  Note that we do not attempt to do
 * soft reporting of errors raised during execution of CHECK constraints.
 */
static void
domain_check_input(Datum value, bool isnull, DomainIOData *my_extra,
                   Node *escontext)
{
    ExprContext *econtext = my_extra->econtext;
    ListCell   *l;
 
    /* Make sure we have up-to-date constraints */
    UpdateDomainConstraintRef(&my_extra->constraint_ref);
 
    foreach(l, my_extra->constraint_ref.constraints)
    {
        DomainConstraintState *con = (DomainConstraintState *) lfirst(l);
 
        switch (con->constrainttype)
        {
            case DOM_CONSTRAINT_NOTNULL:
                if (isnull)
                {
                    errsave(escontext,
                            (errcode(ERRCODE_NOT_NULL_VIOLATION),
                             errmsg("domain %s does not allow null values",
                                    format_type_be(my_extra->domain_type)),
                             errdatatype(my_extra->domain_type)));
                    goto fail;
                }
                break;
            case DOM_CONSTRAINT_CHECK:
                {
                    /* Make the econtext if we didn't already */
                    if (econtext == NULL)
                    {
                        MemoryContext oldcontext;
 
                        oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(my_extra->mcxt);
                        econtext = CreateStandaloneExprContext();
                        MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
                        my_extra->econtext = econtext;
                    }
 
                    /*
                     * Set up value to be returned by CoerceToDomainValue
                     * nodes.  Unlike in the generic expression case, this
                     * econtext couldn't be shared with anything else, so no
                     * need to save and restore fields.  But we do need to
                     * protect the passed-in value against being changed by
                     * called functions.  (It couldn't be a R/W expanded
                     * object for most uses, but that seems possible for
                     * domain_check().)
                     */
                    econtext->domainValue_datum =
                        MakeExpandedObjectReadOnly(value, isnull,
                                                   my_extra->constraint_ref.tcache->typlen);
                    econtext->domainValue_isNull = isnull;
 
                    if (!ExecCheck(con->check_exprstate, econtext))
                    {
                        errsave(escontext,
                                (errcode(ERRCODE_CHECK_VIOLATION),
                                 errmsg("value for domain %s violates check constraint \"%s\"",
                                        format_type_be(my_extra->domain_type),
                                        con->name),
                                 errdomainconstraint(my_extra->domain_type,
                                                     con->name)));
                        goto fail;
                    }
                    break;
                }
            default:
                elog(ERROR, "unrecognized constraint type: %d",
                     (int) con->constrainttype);
                break;
        }
    }
 
    /*
     * Before exiting, call any shutdown callbacks and reset econtext's
     * per-tuple memory.  This avoids leaking non-memory resources, if
     * anything in the expression(s) has any.
     */
fail:
    if (econtext)
        ReScanExprContext(econtext);
}
 
 
/*
 * domain_in        - input routine for any domain type.
 */
Datum
domain_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
    char       *string;
    Oid         domainType;
    Node       *escontext = fcinfo->context;
    DomainIOData *my_extra;
    Datum       value;
 
    /*
     * Since domain_in is not strict, we have to check for null inputs. The
     * typioparam argument should never be null in normal system usage, but it
     * could be null in a manual invocation --- if so, just return null.
     */
    if (PG_ARGISNULL(0))
        string = NULL;
    else
        string = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
    if (PG_ARGISNULL(1))
        PG_RETURN_NULL();
    domainType = PG_GETARG_OID(1);
 
    /*
     * We arrange to look up the needed info just once per series of calls,
     * assuming the domain type doesn't change underneath us (which really
     * shouldn't happen, but cope if it does).
     */
    my_extra = (DomainIOData *) fcinfo->flinfo->fn_extra;
    if (my_extra == NULL || my_extra->domain_type != domainType)
    {
        my_extra = domain_state_setup(domainType, false,
                                      fcinfo->flinfo->fn_mcxt);
        fcinfo->flinfo->fn_extra = my_extra;
    }
 
    /*
     * Invoke the base type's typinput procedure to convert the data.
     */
    if (!InputFunctionCallSafe(&my_extra->proc,
                               string,
                               my_extra->typioparam,
                               my_extra->typtypmod,
                               escontext,
                               &value))
        PG_RETURN_NULL();
 
    /*
     * Do the necessary checks to ensure it's a valid domain value.
     */
    domain_check_input(value, (string == NULL), my_extra, escontext);
 
    if (string == NULL)
        PG_RETURN_NULL();
    else
        PG_RETURN_DATUM(value);
}
 
/*
 * domain_recv      - binary input routine for any domain type.
 */
Datum
domain_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
    StringInfo  buf;
    Oid         domainType;
    DomainIOData *my_extra;
    Datum       value;
 
    /*
     * Since domain_recv is not strict, we have to check for null inputs. The
     * typioparam argument should never be null in normal system usage, but it
     * could be null in a manual invocation --- if so, just return null.
     */
    if (PG_ARGISNULL(0))
        buf = NULL;
    else
        buf = (StringInfo) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
    if (PG_ARGISNULL(1))
        PG_RETURN_NULL();
    domainType = PG_GETARG_OID(1);
 
    /*
     * We arrange to look up the needed info just once per series of calls,
     * assuming the domain type doesn't change underneath us (which really
     * shouldn't happen, but cope if it does).
     */
    my_extra = (DomainIOData *) fcinfo->flinfo->fn_extra;
    if (my_extra == NULL || my_extra->domain_type != domainType)
    {
        my_extra = domain_state_setup(domainType, true,
                                      fcinfo->flinfo->fn_mcxt);
        fcinfo->flinfo->fn_extra = my_extra;
    }
 
    /*
     * Invoke the base type's typreceive procedure to convert the data.
     */
    value = ReceiveFunctionCall(&my_extra->proc,
                                buf,
                                my_extra->typioparam,
                                my_extra->typtypmod);
 
    /*
     * Do the necessary checks to ensure it's a valid domain value.
     */
    domain_check_input(value, (buf == NULL), my_extra, NULL);
 
    if (buf == NULL)
        PG_RETURN_NULL();
    else
        PG_RETURN_DATUM(value);
}
 
/*
 * domain_check - check that a datum satisfies the constraints of a
 * domain.  extra and mcxt can be passed if they are available from,
 * say, a FmgrInfo structure, or they can be NULL, in which case the
 * setup is repeated for each call.
 */
void
domain_check(Datum value, bool isnull, Oid domainType,
             void **extra, MemoryContext mcxt)
{
    (void) domain_check_internal(value, isnull, domainType, extra, mcxt,
                                 NULL);
}
 
/* Error-safe variant of domain_check(). */
bool
domain_check_safe(Datum value, bool isnull, Oid domainType,
                  void **extra, MemoryContext mcxt,
                  Node *escontext)
{
    return domain_check_internal(value, isnull, domainType, extra, mcxt,
                                 escontext);
}
 
/*
 * domain_check_internal
 *      Workhorse for domain_check() and domain_check_safe()
 *
 * Returns false if an error occurred in domain_check_input() and 'escontext'
 * points to an ErrorSaveContext, true otherwise.
 */
static bool
domain_check_internal(Datum value, bool isnull, Oid domainType,
                      void **extra, MemoryContext mcxt,
                      Node *escontext)
{
    DomainIOData *my_extra = NULL;
 
    if (mcxt == NULL)
        mcxt = CurrentMemoryContext;
 
    /*
     * We arrange to look up the needed info just once per series of calls,
     * assuming the domain type doesn't change underneath us (which really
     * shouldn't happen, but cope if it does).
     */
    if (extra)
        my_extra = (DomainIOData *) *extra;
    if (my_extra == NULL || my_extra->domain_type != domainType)
    {
        my_extra = domain_state_setup(domainType, true, mcxt);
        if (extra)
            *extra = my_extra;
    }
 
    /*
     * Do the necessary checks to ensure it's a valid domain value.
     */
    domain_check_input(value, isnull, my_extra, escontext);
 
    return !SOFT_ERROR_OCCURRED(escontext);
}
 
/*
 * errdatatype --- stores schema_name and datatype_name of a datatype
 * within the current errordata.
 */
int
errdatatype(Oid datatypeOid)
{
    HeapTuple   tup;
    Form_pg_type typtup;
 
    tup = SearchSysCache1(TYPEOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(datatypeOid));
    if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
        elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u", datatypeOid);
    typtup = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(tup);
 
    err_generic_string(PG_DIAG_SCHEMA_NAME,
                       get_namespace_name(typtup->typnamespace));
    err_generic_string(PG_DIAG_DATATYPE_NAME, NameStr(typtup->typname));
 
    ReleaseSysCache(tup);
 
    return 0;                   /* return value does not matter */
}
 
/*
 * errdomainconstraint --- stores schema_name, datatype_name and
 * constraint_name of a domain-related constraint within the current errordata.
 */
int
errdomainconstraint(Oid datatypeOid, const char *conname)
{
    errdatatype(datatypeOid);
    err_generic_string(PG_DIAG_CONSTRAINT_NAME, conname);
 
    return 0;                   /* return value does not matter */
}