execUtils.c

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * execUtils.c
 *    miscellaneous executor utility routines
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2020, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *    src/backend/executor/execUtils.c
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
/*
 * INTERFACE ROUTINES
 *      CreateExecutorState     Create/delete executor working state
 *      FreeExecutorState
 *      CreateExprContext
 *      CreateStandaloneExprContext
 *      FreeExprContext
 *      ReScanExprContext
 *
 *      ExecAssignExprContext   Common code for plan node init routines.
 *      etc
 *
 *      ExecOpenScanRelation    Common code for scan node init routines.
 *
 *      ExecInitRangeTable      Set up executor's range-table-related data.
 *
 *      ExecGetRangeTableRelation       Fetch Relation for a rangetable entry.
 *
 *      executor_errposition    Report syntactic position of an error.
 *
 *      RegisterExprContextCallback    Register function shutdown callback
 *      UnregisterExprContextCallback  Deregister function shutdown callback
 *
 *      GetAttributeByName      Runtime extraction of columns from tuples.
 *      GetAttributeByNum
 *
 *   NOTES
 *      This file has traditionally been the place to stick misc.
 *      executor support stuff that doesn't really go anyplace else.
 */

#include "postgres.h"

#include "access/parallel.h"
#include "access/relscan.h"
#include "access/table.h"
#include "access/tableam.h"
#include "access/transam.h"
#include "executor/executor.h"
#include "jit/jit.h"
#include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
#include "parser/parsetree.h"
#include "partitioning/partdesc.h"
#include "storage/lmgr.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"
#include "utils/rel.h"
#include "utils/typcache.h"


static bool tlist_matches_tupdesc(PlanState *ps, List *tlist, Index varno, TupleDesc tupdesc);
static void ShutdownExprContext(ExprContext *econtext, bool isCommit);


/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *               Executor state and memory management functions
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */

/* ----------------
 *      CreateExecutorState
 *
 *      Create and initialize an EState node, which is the root of
 *      working storage for an entire Executor invocation.
 *
 * Principally, this creates the per-query memory context that will be
 * used to hold all working data that lives till the end of the query.
 * Note that the per-query context will become a child of the caller's
 * CurrentMemoryContext.
 * ----------------
 */
EState *
CreateExecutorState(void)
{
    EState     *estate;
    MemoryContext qcontext;
    MemoryContext oldcontext;

    /*
     * Create the per-query context for this Executor run.
     */
    qcontext = AllocSetContextCreate(CurrentMemoryContext,
                                     "ExecutorState",
                                     ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_SIZES);

    /*
     * Make the EState node within the per-query context.  This way, we don't
     * need a separate pfree() operation for it at shutdown.
     */
    oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(qcontext);

    estate = makeNode(EState);

    /*
     * Initialize all fields of the Executor State structure
     */
    estate->es_direction = ForwardScanDirection;
    estate->es_snapshot = InvalidSnapshot;  /* caller must initialize this */
    estate->es_crosscheck_snapshot = InvalidSnapshot;   /* no crosscheck */
    estate->es_range_table = NIL;
    estate->es_range_table_size = 0;
    estate->es_relations = NULL;
    estate->es_rowmarks = NULL;
    estate->es_plannedstmt = NULL;

    estate->es_junkFilter = NULL;

    estate->es_output_cid = (CommandId) 0;

    estate->es_result_relations = NULL;
    estate->es_opened_result_relations = NIL;
    estate->es_tuple_routing_result_relations = NIL;
    estate->es_trig_target_relations = NIL;

    estate->es_param_list_info = NULL;
    estate->es_param_exec_vals = NULL;

    estate->es_queryEnv = NULL;

    estate->es_query_cxt = qcontext;

    estate->es_tupleTable = NIL;

    estate->es_processed = 0;

    estate->es_top_eflags = 0;
    estate->es_instrument = 0;
    estate->es_finished = false;

    estate->es_exprcontexts = NIL;

    estate->es_subplanstates = NIL;

    estate->es_auxmodifytables = NIL;

    estate->es_per_tuple_exprcontext = NULL;

    estate->es_sourceText = NULL;

    estate->es_use_parallel_mode = false;

    estate->es_jit_flags = 0;
    estate->es_jit = NULL;

    /*
     * Return the executor state structure
     */
    MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);

    return estate;
}

/* ----------------
 *      FreeExecutorState
 *
 *      Release an EState along with all remaining working storage.
 *
 * Note: this is not responsible for releasing non-memory resources, such as
 * open relations or buffer pins.  But it will shut down any still-active
 * ExprContexts within the EState and deallocate associated JITed expressions.
 * That is sufficient cleanup for situations where the EState has only been
 * used for expression evaluation, and not to run a complete Plan.
 *
 * This can be called in any memory context ... so long as it's not one
 * of the ones to be freed.
 * ----------------
 */
void
FreeExecutorState(EState *estate)
{
    /*
     * Shut down and free any remaining ExprContexts.  We do this explicitly
     * to ensure that any remaining shutdown callbacks get called (since they
     * might need to release resources that aren't simply memory within the
     * per-query memory context).
     */
    while (estate->es_exprcontexts)
    {
        /*
         * XXX: seems there ought to be a faster way to implement this than
         * repeated list_delete(), no?
         */
        FreeExprContext((ExprContext *) linitial(estate->es_exprcontexts),
                        true);
        /* FreeExprContext removed the list link for us */
    }

    /* release JIT context, if allocated */
    if (estate->es_jit)
    {
        jit_release_context(estate->es_jit);
        estate->es_jit = NULL;
    }

    /* release partition directory, if allocated */
    if (estate->es_partition_directory)
    {
        DestroyPartitionDirectory(estate->es_partition_directory);
        estate->es_partition_directory = NULL;
    }

    /*
     * Free the per-query memory context, thereby releasing all working
     * memory, including the EState node itself.
     */
    MemoryContextDelete(estate->es_query_cxt);
}

/*
 * Internal implementation for CreateExprContext() and CreateWorkExprContext()
 * that allows control over the AllocSet parameters.
 */
static ExprContext *
CreateExprContextInternal(EState *estate, Size minContextSize,
                          Size initBlockSize, Size maxBlockSize)
{
    ExprContext *econtext;
    MemoryContext oldcontext;

    /* Create the ExprContext node within the per-query memory context */
    oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(estate->es_query_cxt);

    econtext = makeNode(ExprContext);

    /* Initialize fields of ExprContext */
    econtext->ecxt_scantuple = NULL;
    econtext->ecxt_innertuple = NULL;
    econtext->ecxt_outertuple = NULL;

    econtext->ecxt_per_query_memory = estate->es_query_cxt;

    /*
     * Create working memory for expression evaluation in this context.
     */
    econtext->ecxt_per_tuple_memory =
        AllocSetContextCreate(estate->es_query_cxt,
                              "ExprContext",
                              minContextSize,
                              initBlockSize,
                              maxBlockSize);

    econtext->ecxt_param_exec_vals = estate->es_param_exec_vals;
    econtext->ecxt_param_list_info = estate->es_param_list_info;

    econtext->ecxt_aggvalues = NULL;
    econtext->ecxt_aggnulls = NULL;

    econtext->caseValue_datum = (Datum) 0;
    econtext->caseValue_isNull = true;

    econtext->domainValue_datum = (Datum) 0;
    econtext->domainValue_isNull = true;

    econtext->ecxt_estate = estate;

    econtext->ecxt_callbacks = NULL;

    /*
     * Link the ExprContext into the EState to ensure it is shut down when the
     * EState is freed.  Because we use lcons(), shutdowns will occur in
     * reverse order of creation, which may not be essential but can't hurt.
     */
    estate->es_exprcontexts = lcons(econtext, estate->es_exprcontexts);

    MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);

    return econtext;
}

/* ----------------
 *      CreateExprContext
 *
 *      Create a context for expression evaluation within an EState.
 *
 * An executor run may require multiple ExprContexts (we usually make one
 * for each Plan node, and a separate one for per-output-tuple processing
 * such as constraint checking).  Each ExprContext has its own "per-tuple"
 * memory context.
 *
 * Note we make no assumption about the caller's memory context.
 * ----------------
 */
ExprContext *
CreateExprContext(EState *estate)
{
    return CreateExprContextInternal(estate, ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_SIZES);
}


/* ----------------
 *      CreateWorkExprContext
 *
 * Like CreateExprContext, but specifies the AllocSet sizes to be reasonable
 * in proportion to work_mem. If the maximum block allocation size is too
 * large, it's easy to skip right past work_mem with a single allocation.
 * ----------------
 */
ExprContext *
CreateWorkExprContext(EState *estate)
{
    Size        minContextSize = ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_MINSIZE;
    Size        initBlockSize = ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_INITSIZE;
    Size        maxBlockSize = ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_MAXSIZE;

    /* choose the maxBlockSize to be no larger than 1/16 of work_mem */
    while (16 * maxBlockSize > work_mem * 1024L)
        maxBlockSize >>= 1;

    if (maxBlockSize < ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_INITSIZE)
        maxBlockSize = ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_INITSIZE;

    return CreateExprContextInternal(estate, minContextSize,
                                     initBlockSize, maxBlockSize);
}

/* ----------------
 *      CreateStandaloneExprContext
 *
 *      Create a context for standalone expression evaluation.
 *
 * An ExprContext made this way can be used for evaluation of expressions
 * that contain no Params, subplans, or Var references (it might work to
 * put tuple references into the scantuple field, but it seems unwise).
 *
 * The ExprContext struct is allocated in the caller's current memory
 * context, which also becomes its "per query" context.
 *
 * It is caller's responsibility to free the ExprContext when done,
 * or at least ensure that any shutdown callbacks have been called
 * (ReScanExprContext() is suitable).  Otherwise, non-memory resources
 * might be leaked.
 * ----------------
 */
ExprContext *
CreateStandaloneExprContext(void)
{
    ExprContext *econtext;

    /* Create the ExprContext node within the caller's memory context */
    econtext = makeNode(ExprContext);

    /* Initialize fields of ExprContext */
    econtext->ecxt_scantuple = NULL;
    econtext->ecxt_innertuple = NULL;
    econtext->ecxt_outertuple = NULL;

    econtext->ecxt_per_query_memory = CurrentMemoryContext;

    /*
     * Create working memory for expression evaluation in this context.
     */
    econtext->ecxt_per_tuple_memory =
        AllocSetContextCreate(CurrentMemoryContext,
                              "ExprContext",
                              ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_SIZES);

    econtext->ecxt_param_exec_vals = NULL;
    econtext->ecxt_param_list_info = NULL;

    econtext->ecxt_aggvalues = NULL;
    econtext->ecxt_aggnulls = NULL;

    econtext->caseValue_datum = (Datum) 0;
    econtext->caseValue_isNull = true;

    econtext->domainValue_datum = (Datum) 0;
    econtext->domainValue_isNull = true;

    econtext->ecxt_estate = NULL;

    econtext->ecxt_callbacks = NULL;

    return econtext;
}

/* ----------------
 *      FreeExprContext
 *
 *      Free an expression context, including calling any remaining
 *      shutdown callbacks.
 *
 * Since we free the temporary context used for expression evaluation,
 * any previously computed pass-by-reference expression result will go away!
 *
 * If isCommit is false, we are being called in error cleanup, and should
 * not call callbacks but only release memory.  (It might be better to call
 * the callbacks and pass the isCommit flag to them, but that would require
 * more invasive code changes than currently seems justified.)
 *
 * Note we make no assumption about the caller's memory context.
 * ----------------
 */
void
FreeExprContext(ExprContext *econtext, bool isCommit)
{
    EState     *estate;

    /* Call any registered callbacks */
    ShutdownExprContext(econtext, isCommit);
    /* And clean up the memory used */
    MemoryContextDelete(econtext->ecxt_per_tuple_memory);
    /* Unlink self from owning EState, if any */
    estate = econtext->ecxt_estate;
    if (estate)
        estate->es_exprcontexts = list_delete_ptr(estate->es_exprcontexts,
                                                  econtext);
    /* And delete the ExprContext node */
    pfree(econtext);
}

/*
 * ReScanExprContext
 *
 *      Reset an expression context in preparation for a rescan of its
 *      plan node.  This requires calling any registered shutdown callbacks,
 *      since any partially complete set-returning-functions must be canceled.
 *
 * Note we make no assumption about the caller's memory context.
 */
void
ReScanExprContext(ExprContext *econtext)
{
    /* Call any registered callbacks */
    ShutdownExprContext(econtext, true);
    /* And clean up the memory used */
    MemoryContextReset(econtext->ecxt_per_tuple_memory);
}

/*
 * Build a per-output-tuple ExprContext for an EState.
 *
 * This is normally invoked via GetPerTupleExprContext() macro,
 * not directly.
 */
ExprContext *
MakePerTupleExprContext(EState *estate)
{
    if (estate->es_per_tuple_exprcontext == NULL)
        estate->es_per_tuple_exprcontext = CreateExprContext(estate);

    return estate->es_per_tuple_exprcontext;
}


/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *               miscellaneous node-init support functions
 *
 * Note: all of these are expected to be called with CurrentMemoryContext
 * equal to the per-query memory context.
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */

/* ----------------
 *      ExecAssignExprContext
 *
 *      This initializes the ps_ExprContext field.  It is only necessary
 *      to do this for nodes which use ExecQual or ExecProject
 *      because those routines require an econtext. Other nodes that
 *      don't have to evaluate expressions don't need to do this.
 * ----------------
 */
void
ExecAssignExprContext(EState *estate, PlanState *planstate)
{
    planstate->ps_ExprContext = CreateExprContext(estate);
}

/* ----------------
 *      ExecGetResultType
 * ----------------
 */
TupleDesc
ExecGetResultType(PlanState *planstate)
{
    return planstate->ps_ResultTupleDesc;
}

/*
 * ExecGetResultSlotOps - information about node's type of result slot
 */
const TupleTableSlotOps *
ExecGetResultSlotOps(PlanState *planstate, bool *isfixed)
{
    if (planstate->resultopsset && planstate->resultops)
    {
        if (isfixed)
            *isfixed = planstate->resultopsfixed;
        return planstate->resultops;
    }

    if (isfixed)
    {
        if (planstate->resultopsset)
            *isfixed = planstate->resultopsfixed;
        else if (planstate->ps_ResultTupleSlot)
            *isfixed = TTS_FIXED(planstate->ps_ResultTupleSlot);
        else
            *isfixed = false;
    }

    if (!planstate->ps_ResultTupleSlot)
        return &TTSOpsVirtual;

    return planstate->ps_ResultTupleSlot->tts_ops;
}


/* ----------------
 *      ExecAssignProjectionInfo
 *
 * forms the projection information from the node's targetlist
 *
 * Notes for inputDesc are same as for ExecBuildProjectionInfo: supply it
 * for a relation-scan node, can pass NULL for upper-level nodes
 * ----------------
 */
void
ExecAssignProjectionInfo(PlanState *planstate,
                         TupleDesc inputDesc)
{
    planstate->ps_ProjInfo =
        ExecBuildProjectionInfo(planstate->plan->targetlist,
                                planstate->ps_ExprContext,
                                planstate->ps_ResultTupleSlot,
                                planstate,
                                inputDesc);
}


/* ----------------
 *      ExecConditionalAssignProjectionInfo
 *
 * as ExecAssignProjectionInfo, but store NULL rather than building projection
 * info if no projection is required
 * ----------------
 */
void
ExecConditionalAssignProjectionInfo(PlanState *planstate, TupleDesc inputDesc,
                                    Index varno)
{
    if (tlist_matches_tupdesc(planstate,
                              planstate->plan->targetlist,
                              varno,
                              inputDesc))
    {
        planstate->ps_ProjInfo = NULL;
        planstate->resultopsset = planstate->scanopsset;
        planstate->resultopsfixed = planstate->scanopsfixed;
        planstate->resultops = planstate->scanops;
    }
    else
    {
        if (!planstate->ps_ResultTupleSlot)
        {
            ExecInitResultSlot(planstate, &TTSOpsVirtual);
            planstate->resultops = &TTSOpsVirtual;
            planstate->resultopsfixed = true;
            planstate->resultopsset = true;
        }
        ExecAssignProjectionInfo(planstate, inputDesc);
    }
}

static bool
tlist_matches_tupdesc(PlanState *ps, List *tlist, Index varno, TupleDesc tupdesc)
{
    int         numattrs = tupdesc->natts;
    int         attrno;
    ListCell   *tlist_item = list_head(tlist);

    /* Check the tlist attributes */
    for (attrno = 1; attrno <= numattrs; attrno++)
    {
        Form_pg_attribute att_tup = TupleDescAttr(tupdesc, attrno - 1);
        Var        *var;

        if (tlist_item == NULL)
            return false;       /* tlist too short */
        var = (Var *) ((TargetEntry *) lfirst(tlist_item))->expr;
        if (!var || !IsA(var, Var))
            return false;       /* tlist item not a Var */
        /* if these Asserts fail, planner messed up */
        Assert(var->varno == varno);
        Assert(var->varlevelsup == 0);
        if (var->varattno != attrno)
            return false;       /* out of order */
        if (att_tup->attisdropped)
            return false;       /* table contains dropped columns */
        if (att_tup->atthasmissing)
            return false;       /* table contains cols with missing values */

        /*
         * Note: usually the Var's type should match the tupdesc exactly, but
         * in situations involving unions of columns that have different
         * typmods, the Var may have come from above the union and hence have
         * typmod -1.  This is a legitimate situation since the Var still
         * describes the column, just not as exactly as the tupdesc does. We
         * could change the planner to prevent it, but it'd then insert
         * projection steps just to convert from specific typmod to typmod -1,
         * which is pretty silly.
         */
        if (var->vartype != att_tup->atttypid ||
            (var->vartypmod != att_tup->atttypmod &&
             var->vartypmod != -1))
            return false;       /* type mismatch */

        tlist_item = lnext(tlist, tlist_item);
    }

    if (tlist_item)
        return false;           /* tlist too long */

    return true;
}

/* ----------------
 *      ExecFreeExprContext
 *
 * A plan node's ExprContext should be freed explicitly during executor
 * shutdown because there may be shutdown callbacks to call.  (Other resources
 * made by the above routines, such as projection info, don't need to be freed
 * explicitly because they're just memory in the per-query memory context.)
 *
 * However ... there is no particular need to do it during ExecEndNode,
 * because FreeExecutorState will free any remaining ExprContexts within
 * the EState.  Letting FreeExecutorState do it allows the ExprContexts to
 * be freed in reverse order of creation, rather than order of creation as
 * will happen if we delete them here, which saves O(N^2) work in the list
 * cleanup inside FreeExprContext.
 * ----------------
 */
void
ExecFreeExprContext(PlanState *planstate)
{
    /*
     * Per above discussion, don't actually delete the ExprContext. We do
     * unlink it from the plan node, though.
     */
    planstate->ps_ExprContext = NULL;
}


/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *                Scan node support
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */

/* ----------------
 *      ExecAssignScanType
 * ----------------
 */
void
ExecAssignScanType(ScanState *scanstate, TupleDesc tupDesc)
{
    TupleTableSlot *slot = scanstate->ss_ScanTupleSlot;

    ExecSetSlotDescriptor(slot, tupDesc);
}

/* ----------------
 *      ExecCreateScanSlotFromOuterPlan
 * ----------------
 */
void
ExecCreateScanSlotFromOuterPlan(EState *estate,
                                ScanState *scanstate,
                                const TupleTableSlotOps *tts_ops)
{
    PlanState  *outerPlan;
    TupleDesc   tupDesc;

    outerPlan = outerPlanState(scanstate);
    tupDesc = ExecGetResultType(outerPlan);

    ExecInitScanTupleSlot(estate, scanstate, tupDesc, tts_ops);
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *      ExecRelationIsTargetRelation
 *
 *      Detect whether a relation (identified by rangetable index)
 *      is one of the target relations of the query.
 *
 * Note: This is currently no longer used in core.  We keep it around
 * because FDWs may wish to use it to determine if their foreign table
 * is a target relation.
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
bool
ExecRelationIsTargetRelation(EState *estate, Index scanrelid)
{
    return list_member_int(estate->es_plannedstmt->resultRelations, scanrelid);
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *      ExecOpenScanRelation
 *
 *      Open the heap relation to be scanned by a base-level scan plan node.
 *      This should be called during the node's ExecInit routine.
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
Relation
ExecOpenScanRelation(EState *estate, Index scanrelid, int eflags)
{
    Relation    rel;

    /* Open the relation. */
    rel = ExecGetRangeTableRelation(estate, scanrelid);

    /*
     * Complain if we're attempting a scan of an unscannable relation, except
     * when the query won't actually be run.  This is a slightly klugy place
     * to do this, perhaps, but there is no better place.
     */
    if ((eflags & (EXEC_FLAG_EXPLAIN_ONLY | EXEC_FLAG_WITH_NO_DATA)) == 0 &&
        !RelationIsScannable(rel))
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
                 errmsg("materialized view \"%s\" has not been populated",
                        RelationGetRelationName(rel)),
                 errhint("Use the REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW command.")));

    return rel;
}

/*
 * ExecInitRangeTable
 *      Set up executor's range-table-related data
 *
 * In addition to the range table proper, initialize arrays that are
 * indexed by rangetable index.
 */
void
ExecInitRangeTable(EState *estate, List *rangeTable)
{
    /* Remember the range table List as-is */
    estate->es_range_table = rangeTable;

    /* Set size of associated arrays */
    estate->es_range_table_size = list_length(rangeTable);

    /*
     * Allocate an array to store an open Relation corresponding to each
     * rangetable entry, and initialize entries to NULL.  Relations are opened
     * and stored here as needed.
     */
    estate->es_relations = (Relation *)
        palloc0(estate->es_range_table_size * sizeof(Relation));

    /*
     * es_result_relations and es_rowmarks are also parallel to
     * es_range_table, but are allocated only if needed.
     */
    estate->es_result_relations = NULL;
    estate->es_rowmarks = NULL;
}

/*
 * ExecGetRangeTableRelation
 *      Open the Relation for a range table entry, if not already done
 *
 * The Relations will be closed again in ExecEndPlan().
 */
Relation
ExecGetRangeTableRelation(EState *estate, Index rti)
{
    Relation    rel;

    Assert(rti > 0 && rti <= estate->es_range_table_size);

    rel = estate->es_relations[rti - 1];
    if (rel == NULL)
    {
        /* First time through, so open the relation */
        RangeTblEntry *rte = exec_rt_fetch(rti, estate);

        Assert(rte->rtekind == RTE_RELATION);

        if (!IsParallelWorker())
        {
            /*
             * In a normal query, we should already have the appropriate lock,
             * but verify that through an Assert.  Since there's already an
             * Assert inside table_open that insists on holding some lock, it
             * seems sufficient to check this only when rellockmode is higher
             * than the minimum.
             */
            rel = table_open(rte->relid, NoLock);
            Assert(rte->rellockmode == AccessShareLock ||
                   CheckRelationLockedByMe(rel, rte->rellockmode, false));
        }
        else
        {
            /*
             * If we are a parallel worker, we need to obtain our own local
             * lock on the relation.  This ensures sane behavior in case the
             * parent process exits before we do.
             */
            rel = table_open(rte->relid, rte->rellockmode);
        }

        estate->es_relations[rti - 1] = rel;
    }

    return rel;
}

/*
 * ExecInitResultRelation
 *      Open relation given by the passed-in RT index and fill its
 *      ResultRelInfo node
 *
 * Here, we also save the ResultRelInfo in estate->es_result_relations array
 * such that it can be accessed later using the RT index.
 */
void
ExecInitResultRelation(EState *estate, ResultRelInfo *resultRelInfo,
                       Index rti)
{
    Relation    resultRelationDesc;

    resultRelationDesc = ExecGetRangeTableRelation(estate, rti);
    InitResultRelInfo(resultRelInfo,
                      resultRelationDesc,
                      rti,
                      NULL,
                      estate->es_instrument);

    if (estate->es_result_relations == NULL)
        estate->es_result_relations = (ResultRelInfo **)
            palloc0(estate->es_range_table_size * sizeof(ResultRelInfo *));
    estate->es_result_relations[rti - 1] = resultRelInfo;

    /*
     * Saving in the list allows to avoid needlessly traversing the whole
     * array when only a few of its entries are possibly non-NULL.
     */
    estate->es_opened_result_relations =
        lappend(estate->es_opened_result_relations, resultRelInfo);
}

/*
 * UpdateChangedParamSet
 *      Add changed parameters to a plan node's chgParam set
 */
void
UpdateChangedParamSet(PlanState *node, Bitmapset *newchg)
{
    Bitmapset  *parmset;

    /*
     * The plan node only depends on params listed in its allParam set. Don't
     * include anything else into its chgParam set.
     */
    parmset = bms_intersect(node->plan->allParam, newchg);

    /*
     * Keep node->chgParam == NULL if there's not actually any members; this
     * allows the simplest possible tests in executor node files.
     */
    if (!bms_is_empty(parmset))
        node->chgParam = bms_join(node->chgParam, parmset);
    else
        bms_free(parmset);
}

/*
 * executor_errposition
 *      Report an execution-time cursor position, if possible.
 *
 * This is expected to be used within an ereport() call.  The return value
 * is a dummy (always 0, in fact).
 *
 * The locations stored in parsetrees are byte offsets into the source string.
 * We have to convert them to 1-based character indexes for reporting to
 * clients.  (We do things this way to avoid unnecessary overhead in the
 * normal non-error case: computing character indexes would be much more
 * expensive than storing token offsets.)
 */
int
executor_errposition(EState *estate, int location)
{
    int         pos;

    /* No-op if location was not provided */
    if (location < 0)
        return 0;
    /* Can't do anything if source text is not available */
    if (estate == NULL || estate->es_sourceText == NULL)
        return 0;
    /* Convert offset to character number */
    pos = pg_mbstrlen_with_len(estate->es_sourceText, location) + 1;
    /* And pass it to the ereport mechanism */
    return errposition(pos);
}

/*
 * Register a shutdown callback in an ExprContext.
 *
 * Shutdown callbacks will be called (in reverse order of registration)
 * when the ExprContext is deleted or rescanned.  This provides a hook
 * for functions called in the context to do any cleanup needed --- it's
 * particularly useful for functions returning sets.  Note that the
 * callback will *not* be called in the event that execution is aborted
 * by an error.
 */
void
RegisterExprContextCallback(ExprContext *econtext,
                            ExprContextCallbackFunction function,
                            Datum arg)
{
    ExprContext_CB *ecxt_callback;

    /* Save the info in appropriate memory context */
    ecxt_callback = (ExprContext_CB *)
        MemoryContextAlloc(econtext->ecxt_per_query_memory,
                           sizeof(ExprContext_CB));

    ecxt_callback->function = function;
    ecxt_callback->arg = arg;

    /* link to front of list for appropriate execution order */
    ecxt_callback->next = econtext->ecxt_callbacks;
    econtext->ecxt_callbacks = ecxt_callback;
}

/*
 * Deregister a shutdown callback in an ExprContext.
 *
 * Any list entries matching the function and arg will be removed.
 * This can be used if it's no longer necessary to call the callback.
 */
void
UnregisterExprContextCallback(ExprContext *econtext,
                              ExprContextCallbackFunction function,
                              Datum arg)
{
    ExprContext_CB **prev_callback;
    ExprContext_CB *ecxt_callback;

    prev_callback = &econtext->ecxt_callbacks;

    while ((ecxt_callback = *prev_callback) != NULL)
    {
        if (ecxt_callback->function == function && ecxt_callback->arg == arg)
        {
            *prev_callback = ecxt_callback->next;
            pfree(ecxt_callback);
        }
        else
            prev_callback = &ecxt_callback->next;
    }
}

/*
 * Call all the shutdown callbacks registered in an ExprContext.
 *
 * The callback list is emptied (important in case this is only a rescan
 * reset, and not deletion of the ExprContext).
 *
 * If isCommit is false, just clean the callback list but don't call 'em.
 * (See comment for FreeExprContext.)
 */
static void
ShutdownExprContext(ExprContext *econtext, bool isCommit)
{
    ExprContext_CB *ecxt_callback;
    MemoryContext oldcontext;

    /* Fast path in normal case where there's nothing to do. */
    if (econtext->ecxt_callbacks == NULL)
        return;

    /*
     * Call the callbacks in econtext's per-tuple context.  This ensures that
     * any memory they might leak will get cleaned up.
     */
    oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(econtext->ecxt_per_tuple_memory);

    /*
     * Call each callback function in reverse registration order.
     */
    while ((ecxt_callback = econtext->ecxt_callbacks) != NULL)
    {
        econtext->ecxt_callbacks = ecxt_callback->next;
        if (isCommit)
            ecxt_callback->function(ecxt_callback->arg);
        pfree(ecxt_callback);
    }

    MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
}

/*
 *      GetAttributeByName
 *      GetAttributeByNum
 *
 *      These functions return the value of the requested attribute
 *      out of the given tuple Datum.
 *      C functions which take a tuple as an argument are expected
 *      to use these.  Ex: overpaid(EMP) might call GetAttributeByNum().
 *      Note: these are actually rather slow because they do a typcache
 *      lookup on each call.
 */
Datum
GetAttributeByName(HeapTupleHeader tuple, const char *attname, bool *isNull)
{
    AttrNumber  attrno;
    Datum       result;
    Oid         tupType;
    int32       tupTypmod;
    TupleDesc   tupDesc;
    HeapTupleData tmptup;
    int         i;

    if (attname == NULL)
        elog(ERROR, "invalid attribute name");

    if (isNull == NULL)
        elog(ERROR, "a NULL isNull pointer was passed");

    if (tuple == NULL)
    {
        /* Kinda bogus but compatible with old behavior... */
        *isNull = true;
        return (Datum) 0;
    }

    tupType = HeapTupleHeaderGetTypeId(tuple);
    tupTypmod = HeapTupleHeaderGetTypMod(tuple);
    tupDesc = lookup_rowtype_tupdesc(tupType, tupTypmod);

    attrno = InvalidAttrNumber;
    for (i = 0; i < tupDesc->natts; i++)
    {
        Form_pg_attribute att = TupleDescAttr(tupDesc, i);

        if (namestrcmp(&(att->attname), attname) == 0)
        {
            attrno = att->attnum;
            break;
        }
    }

    if (attrno == InvalidAttrNumber)
        elog(ERROR, "attribute \"%s\" does not exist", attname);

    /*
     * heap_getattr needs a HeapTuple not a bare HeapTupleHeader.  We set all
     * the fields in the struct just in case user tries to inspect system
     * columns.
     */
    tmptup.t_len = HeapTupleHeaderGetDatumLength(tuple);
    ItemPointerSetInvalid(&(tmptup.t_self));
    tmptup.t_tableOid = InvalidOid;
    tmptup.t_data = tuple;

    result = heap_getattr(&tmptup,
                          attrno,
                          tupDesc,
                          isNull);

    ReleaseTupleDesc(tupDesc);

    return result;
}

Datum
GetAttributeByNum(HeapTupleHeader tuple,
                  AttrNumber attrno,
                  bool *isNull)
{
    Datum       result;
    Oid         tupType;
    int32       tupTypmod;
    TupleDesc   tupDesc;
    HeapTupleData tmptup;

    if (!AttributeNumberIsValid(attrno))
        elog(ERROR, "invalid attribute number %d", attrno);

    if (isNull == NULL)
        elog(ERROR, "a NULL isNull pointer was passed");

    if (tuple == NULL)
    {
        /* Kinda bogus but compatible with old behavior... */
        *isNull = true;
        return (Datum) 0;
    }

    tupType = HeapTupleHeaderGetTypeId(tuple);
    tupTypmod = HeapTupleHeaderGetTypMod(tuple);
    tupDesc = lookup_rowtype_tupdesc(tupType, tupTypmod);

    /*
     * heap_getattr needs a HeapTuple not a bare HeapTupleHeader.  We set all
     * the fields in the struct just in case user tries to inspect system
     * columns.
     */
    tmptup.t_len = HeapTupleHeaderGetDatumLength(tuple);
    ItemPointerSetInvalid(&(tmptup.t_self));
    tmptup.t_tableOid = InvalidOid;
    tmptup.t_data = tuple;

    result = heap_getattr(&tmptup,
                          attrno,
                          tupDesc,
                          isNull);

    ReleaseTupleDesc(tupDesc);

    return result;
}

/*
 * Number of items in a tlist (including any resjunk items!)
 */
int
ExecTargetListLength(List *targetlist)
{
    /* This used to be more complex, but fjoins are dead */
    return list_length(targetlist);
}

/*
 * Number of items in a tlist, not including any resjunk items
 */
int
ExecCleanTargetListLength(List *targetlist)
{
    int         len = 0;
    ListCell   *tl;

    foreach(tl, targetlist)
    {
        TargetEntry *curTle = lfirst_node(TargetEntry, tl);

        if (!curTle->resjunk)
            len++;
    }
    return len;
}

/*
 * Return a relInfo's tuple slot for a trigger's OLD tuples.
 */
TupleTableSlot *
ExecGetTriggerOldSlot(EState *estate, ResultRelInfo *relInfo)
{
    if (relInfo->ri_TrigOldSlot == NULL)
    {
        Relation    rel = relInfo->ri_RelationDesc;
        MemoryContext oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(estate->es_query_cxt);

        relInfo->ri_TrigOldSlot =
            ExecInitExtraTupleSlot(estate,
                                   RelationGetDescr(rel),
                                   table_slot_callbacks(rel));

        MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
    }

    return relInfo->ri_TrigOldSlot;
}

/*
 * Return a relInfo's tuple slot for a trigger's NEW tuples.
 */
TupleTableSlot *
ExecGetTriggerNewSlot(EState *estate, ResultRelInfo *relInfo)
{
    if (relInfo->ri_TrigNewSlot == NULL)
    {
        Relation    rel = relInfo->ri_RelationDesc;
        MemoryContext oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(estate->es_query_cxt);

        relInfo->ri_TrigNewSlot =
            ExecInitExtraTupleSlot(estate,
                                   RelationGetDescr(rel),
                                   table_slot_callbacks(rel));

        MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
    }

    return relInfo->ri_TrigNewSlot;
}

/*
 * Return a relInfo's tuple slot for processing returning tuples.
 */
TupleTableSlot *
ExecGetReturningSlot(EState *estate, ResultRelInfo *relInfo)
{
    if (relInfo->ri_ReturningSlot == NULL)
    {
        Relation    rel = relInfo->ri_RelationDesc;
        MemoryContext oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(estate->es_query_cxt);

        relInfo->ri_ReturningSlot =
            ExecInitExtraTupleSlot(estate,
                                   RelationGetDescr(rel),
                                   table_slot_callbacks(rel));

        MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
    }

    return relInfo->ri_ReturningSlot;
}