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system.c
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1 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2  *
3  * system.c
4  * support routines for SYSTEM tablesample method
5  *
6  * To ensure repeatability of samples, it is necessary that selection of a
7  * given tuple be history-independent; otherwise syncscanning would break
8  * repeatability, to say nothing of logically-irrelevant maintenance such
9  * as physical extension or shortening of the relation.
10  *
11  * To achieve that, we proceed by hashing each candidate block number together
12  * with the active seed, and then selecting it if the hash is less than the
13  * cutoff value computed from the selection probability by BeginSampleScan.
14  *
15  *
16  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2023, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
17  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
18  *
19  * IDENTIFICATION
20  * src/backend/access/tablesample/system.c
21  *
22  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
23  */
24 
25 #include "postgres.h"
26 
27 #include <math.h>
28 
29 #include "access/relscan.h"
30 #include "access/tsmapi.h"
31 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
32 #include "common/hashfn.h"
33 #include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
34 #include "utils/builtins.h"
35 
36 
37 /* Private state */
38 typedef struct
39 {
40  uint64 cutoff; /* select blocks with hash less than this */
41  uint32 seed; /* random seed */
42  BlockNumber nextblock; /* next block to consider sampling */
43  OffsetNumber lt; /* last tuple returned from current block */
45 
46 
48  RelOptInfo *baserel,
49  List *paramexprs,
50  BlockNumber *pages,
51  double *tuples);
52 static void system_initsamplescan(SampleScanState *node,
53  int eflags);
54 static void system_beginsamplescan(SampleScanState *node,
55  Datum *params,
56  int nparams,
57  uint32 seed);
60  BlockNumber blockno,
61  OffsetNumber maxoffset);
62 
63 
64 /*
65  * Create a TsmRoutine descriptor for the SYSTEM method.
66  */
67 Datum
69 {
71 
72  tsm->parameterTypes = list_make1_oid(FLOAT4OID);
73  tsm->repeatable_across_queries = true;
74  tsm->repeatable_across_scans = true;
80  tsm->EndSampleScan = NULL;
81 
82  PG_RETURN_POINTER(tsm);
83 }
84 
85 /*
86  * Sample size estimation.
87  */
88 static void
90  RelOptInfo *baserel,
91  List *paramexprs,
92  BlockNumber *pages,
93  double *tuples)
94 {
95  Node *pctnode;
96  float4 samplefract;
97 
98  /* Try to extract an estimate for the sample percentage */
99  pctnode = (Node *) linitial(paramexprs);
100  pctnode = estimate_expression_value(root, pctnode);
101 
102  if (IsA(pctnode, Const) &&
103  !((Const *) pctnode)->constisnull)
104  {
105  samplefract = DatumGetFloat4(((Const *) pctnode)->constvalue);
106  if (samplefract >= 0 && samplefract <= 100 && !isnan(samplefract))
107  samplefract /= 100.0f;
108  else
109  {
110  /* Default samplefract if the value is bogus */
111  samplefract = 0.1f;
112  }
113  }
114  else
115  {
116  /* Default samplefract if we didn't obtain a non-null Const */
117  samplefract = 0.1f;
118  }
119 
120  /* We'll visit a sample of the pages ... */
121  *pages = clamp_row_est(baserel->pages * samplefract);
122 
123  /* ... and hopefully get a representative number of tuples from them */
124  *tuples = clamp_row_est(baserel->tuples * samplefract);
125 }
126 
127 /*
128  * Initialize during executor setup.
129  */
130 static void
132 {
133  node->tsm_state = palloc0(sizeof(SystemSamplerData));
134 }
135 
136 /*
137  * Examine parameters and prepare for a sample scan.
138  */
139 static void
141  Datum *params,
142  int nparams,
143  uint32 seed)
144 {
145  SystemSamplerData *sampler = (SystemSamplerData *) node->tsm_state;
146  double percent = DatumGetFloat4(params[0]);
147  double dcutoff;
148 
149  if (percent < 0 || percent > 100 || isnan(percent))
150  ereport(ERROR,
151  (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TABLESAMPLE_ARGUMENT),
152  errmsg("sample percentage must be between 0 and 100")));
153 
154  /*
155  * The cutoff is sample probability times (PG_UINT32_MAX + 1); we have to
156  * store that as a uint64, of course. Note that this gives strictly
157  * correct behavior at the limits of zero or one probability.
158  */
159  dcutoff = rint(((double) PG_UINT32_MAX + 1) * percent / 100);
160  sampler->cutoff = (uint64) dcutoff;
161  sampler->seed = seed;
162  sampler->nextblock = 0;
163  sampler->lt = InvalidOffsetNumber;
164 
165  /*
166  * Bulkread buffer access strategy probably makes sense unless we're
167  * scanning a very small fraction of the table. The 1% cutoff here is a
168  * guess. We should use pagemode visibility checking, since we scan all
169  * tuples on each selected page.
170  */
171  node->use_bulkread = (percent >= 1);
172  node->use_pagemode = true;
173 }
174 
175 /*
176  * Select next block to sample.
177  */
178 static BlockNumber
180 {
181  SystemSamplerData *sampler = (SystemSamplerData *) node->tsm_state;
182  BlockNumber nextblock = sampler->nextblock;
183  uint32 hashinput[2];
184 
185  /*
186  * We compute the hash by applying hash_any to an array of 2 uint32's
187  * containing the block number and seed. This is efficient to set up, and
188  * with the current implementation of hash_any, it gives
189  * machine-independent results, which is a nice property for regression
190  * testing.
191  *
192  * These words in the hash input are the same throughout the block:
193  */
194  hashinput[1] = sampler->seed;
195 
196  /*
197  * Loop over block numbers until finding suitable block or reaching end of
198  * relation.
199  */
200  for (; nextblock < nblocks; nextblock++)
201  {
202  uint32 hash;
203 
204  hashinput[0] = nextblock;
205 
206  hash = DatumGetUInt32(hash_any((const unsigned char *) hashinput,
207  (int) sizeof(hashinput)));
208  if (hash < sampler->cutoff)
209  break;
210  }
211 
212  if (nextblock < nblocks)
213  {
214  /* Found a suitable block; remember where we should start next time */
215  sampler->nextblock = nextblock + 1;
216  return nextblock;
217  }
218 
219  /* Done, but let's reset nextblock to 0 for safety. */
220  sampler->nextblock = 0;
221  return InvalidBlockNumber;
222 }
223 
224 /*
225  * Select next sampled tuple in current block.
226  *
227  * In block sampling, we just want to sample all the tuples in each selected
228  * block.
229  *
230  * It is OK here to return an offset without knowing if the tuple is visible
231  * (or even exists); nodeSamplescan.c will deal with that.
232  *
233  * When we reach end of the block, return InvalidOffsetNumber which tells
234  * SampleScan to go to next block.
235  */
236 static OffsetNumber
238  BlockNumber blockno,
239  OffsetNumber maxoffset)
240 {
241  SystemSamplerData *sampler = (SystemSamplerData *) node->tsm_state;
242  OffsetNumber tupoffset = sampler->lt;
243 
244  /* Advance to next possible offset on page */
245  if (tupoffset == InvalidOffsetNumber)
246  tupoffset = FirstOffsetNumber;
247  else
248  tupoffset++;
249 
250  /* Done? */
251  if (tupoffset > maxoffset)
252  tupoffset = InvalidOffsetNumber;
253 
254  sampler->lt = tupoffset;
255 
256  return tupoffset;
257 }
static OffsetNumber system_nextsampletuple(SampleScanState *node, BlockNumber blockno, OffsetNumber maxoffset)
Definition: system.c:237
static void system_initsamplescan(SampleScanState *node, int eflags)
Definition: system.c:131
static void system_beginsamplescan(SampleScanState *node, Datum *params, int nparams, uint32 seed)
Definition: system.c:140
Datum tsm_system_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
Definition: system.c:68
static BlockNumber system_nextsampleblock(SampleScanState *node, BlockNumber nblocks)
Definition: system.c:179
static void system_samplescangetsamplesize(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *baserel, List *paramexprs, BlockNumber *pages, double *tuples)
Definition: system.c:89
uint32 BlockNumber
Definition: block.h:31
#define InvalidBlockNumber
Definition: block.h:33
unsigned int uint32
Definition: c.h:495
#define PG_UINT32_MAX
Definition: c.h:579
float float4
Definition: c.h:618
Node * estimate_expression_value(PlannerInfo *root, Node *node)
Definition: clauses.c:2312
double clamp_row_est(double nrows)
Definition: costsize.c:203
int errcode(int sqlerrcode)
Definition: elog.c:858
int errmsg(const char *fmt,...)
Definition: elog.c:1069
#define ERROR
Definition: elog.h:39
#define ereport(elevel,...)
Definition: elog.h:149
#define PG_RETURN_POINTER(x)
Definition: fmgr.h:361
#define PG_FUNCTION_ARGS
Definition: fmgr.h:193
static Datum hash_any(const unsigned char *k, int keylen)
Definition: hashfn.h:31
if(TABLE==NULL||TABLE_index==NULL)
Definition: isn.c:77
void * palloc0(Size size)
Definition: mcxt.c:1257
#define IsA(nodeptr, _type_)
Definition: nodes.h:179
#define makeNode(_type_)
Definition: nodes.h:176
#define InvalidOffsetNumber
Definition: off.h:26
uint16 OffsetNumber
Definition: off.h:24
#define FirstOffsetNumber
Definition: off.h:27
#define list_make1_oid(x1)
Definition: pg_list.h:242
#define linitial(l)
Definition: pg_list.h:178
static uint32 DatumGetUInt32(Datum X)
Definition: postgres.h:222
uintptr_t Datum
Definition: postgres.h:64
static float4 DatumGetFloat4(Datum X)
Definition: postgres.h:458
static unsigned hash(unsigned *uv, int n)
Definition: rege_dfa.c:715
Definition: pg_list.h:54
Definition: nodes.h:129
Cardinality tuples
Definition: pathnodes.h:928
BlockNumber pages
Definition: pathnodes.h:927
void * tsm_state
Definition: execnodes.h:1501
uint32 seed
Definition: system.c:41
BlockNumber nextblock
Definition: system.c:42
uint64 cutoff
Definition: system.c:40
OffsetNumber lt
Definition: system.c:43
NextSampleTuple_function NextSampleTuple
Definition: tsmapi.h:74
bool repeatable_across_scans
Definition: tsmapi.h:65
EndSampleScan_function EndSampleScan
Definition: tsmapi.h:75
SampleScanGetSampleSize_function SampleScanGetSampleSize
Definition: tsmapi.h:68
BeginSampleScan_function BeginSampleScan
Definition: tsmapi.h:72
NextSampleBlock_function NextSampleBlock
Definition: tsmapi.h:73
InitSampleScan_function InitSampleScan
Definition: tsmapi.h:71
List * parameterTypes
Definition: tsmapi.h:61
bool repeatable_across_queries
Definition: tsmapi.h:64