be-secure-openssl.c

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * be-secure-openssl.c
 *    functions for OpenSSL support in the backend.
 *
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2026, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *    src/backend/libpq/be-secure-openssl.c
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
 
#include "postgres.h"
 
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
 
#include "common/hashfn.h"
#include "common/string.h"
#include "libpq/libpq.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "pgstat.h"
#include "storage/fd.h"
#include "storage/latch.h"
#include "utils/guc.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"
#include "utils/wait_event.h"
 
/*
 * These SSL-related #includes must come after all system-provided headers.
 * This ensures that OpenSSL can take care of conflicts with Windows'
 * <wincrypt.h> by #undef'ing the conflicting macros.  (We don't directly
 * include <wincrypt.h>, but some other Windows headers do.)
 */
#include "common/openssl.h"
#include <openssl/bn.h>
#include <openssl/conf.h>
#include <openssl/dh.h>
#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ECDH
#include <openssl/ec.h>
#endif
#include <openssl/x509v3.h>
 
/*
 * Simplehash for tracking configured hostnames to guard against duplicate
 * entries.  Each list of hosts is traversed and added to the hash during
 * parsing and if a duplicate error is detected an error will be thrown.
 */
typedef struct
{
    uint32      status;
    const char *hostname;
}           HostCacheEntry;
static uint32 host_cache_pointer(const char *key);
#define SH_PREFIX       host_cache
#define SH_ELEMENT_TYPE HostCacheEntry
#define SH_KEY_TYPE     const char *
#define SH_KEY          hostname
#define SH_HASH_KEY(tb, key)    host_cache_pointer(key)
#define SH_EQUAL(tb, a, b)      (pg_strcasecmp(a, b) == 0)
#define SH_SCOPE                static inline
#define SH_DECLARE
#define SH_DEFINE
#include "lib/simplehash.h"
 
/* default init hook can be overridden by a shared library */
static void default_openssl_tls_init(SSL_CTX *context, bool isServerStart);
openssl_tls_init_hook_typ openssl_tls_init_hook = default_openssl_tls_init;
 
static int  port_bio_read(BIO *h, char *buf, int size);
static int  port_bio_write(BIO *h, const char *buf, int size);
static BIO_METHOD *port_bio_method(void);
static int  ssl_set_port_bio(Port *port);
 
static DH  *load_dh_file(char *filename, bool isServerStart);
static DH  *load_dh_buffer(const char *buffer, size_t len);
static int  ssl_external_passwd_cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *userdata);
static int  dummy_ssl_passwd_cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *userdata);
static int  verify_cb(int ok, X509_STORE_CTX *ctx);
static void info_cb(const SSL *ssl, int type, int args);
static int  alpn_cb(SSL *ssl,
                    const unsigned char **out,
                    unsigned char *outlen,
                    const unsigned char *in,
                    unsigned int inlen,
                    void *userdata);
static bool initialize_dh(SSL_CTX *context, bool isServerStart);
static bool initialize_ecdh(SSL_CTX *context, bool isServerStart);
static const char *SSLerrmessageExt(unsigned long ecode, const char *replacement);
static const char *SSLerrmessage(unsigned long ecode);
static bool init_host_context(HostsLine *host, bool isServerStart);
static void host_context_cleanup_cb(void *arg);
#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_CLIENT_HELLO_CB
static int  sni_clienthello_cb(SSL *ssl, int *al, void *arg);
#endif
 
static char *X509_NAME_to_cstring(X509_NAME *name);
 
static SSL_CTX *SSL_context = NULL;
static MemoryContext SSL_hosts_memcxt = NULL;
static struct hosts
{
    /*
     * List of HostsLine structures containing SSL configurations for
     * connections with hostnames defined in the SNI extension.
     */
    List       *sni;
 
    /* The SSL configuration to use for connections without SNI */
    HostsLine  *no_sni;
 
    /*
     * The default SSL configuration to use as a fallback in case no hostname
     * matches the supplied hostname in the SNI extension.
     */
    HostsLine  *default_host;
}          *SSL_hosts;
 
static bool dummy_ssl_passwd_cb_called = false;
static bool ssl_is_server_start;
 
static int  ssl_protocol_version_to_openssl(int v);
static const char *ssl_protocol_version_to_string(int v);
 
struct CallbackErr
{
    /*
     * Storage for passing certificate verification error logging from the
     * callback.
     */
    char       *cert_errdetail;
};
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
/*                       Public interface                       */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
 
int
be_tls_init(bool isServerStart)
{
    List       *pg_hosts = NIL;
    ListCell   *line;
    MemoryContext oldcxt;
    MemoryContext host_memcxt = NULL;
    MemoryContextCallback *host_memcxt_cb;
    char       *err_msg = NULL;
    int         res;
    struct hosts *new_hosts;
    SSL_CTX    *context = NULL;
    int         ssl_ver_min = -1;
    int         ssl_ver_max = -1;
    host_cache_hash *host_cache = NULL;
 
    /*
     * Since we don't know which host we're using until the ClientHello is
     * sent, ssl_loaded_verify_locations *always* starts out as false. The
     * only place it's set to true is in sni_clienthello_cb().
     */
    ssl_loaded_verify_locations = false;
 
    host_memcxt = AllocSetContextCreate(CurrentMemoryContext,
                                        "hosts file parser context",
                                        ALLOCSET_SMALL_SIZES);
    oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo(host_memcxt);
 
    /* Allocate a tentative replacement for SSL_hosts. */
    new_hosts = palloc0_object(struct hosts);
 
    /*
     * Register a reset callback for the memory context which is responsible
     * for freeing OpenSSL managed allocations upon context deletion.  The
     * callback is allocated here to make sure it gets cleaned up along with
     * the memory context it's registered for.
     */
    host_memcxt_cb = palloc0_object(MemoryContextCallback);
    host_memcxt_cb->func = host_context_cleanup_cb;
    host_memcxt_cb->arg = new_hosts;
    MemoryContextRegisterResetCallback(host_memcxt, host_memcxt_cb);
 
    /*
     * If ssl_sni is enabled, attempt to load and parse TLS configuration from
     * the pg_hosts.conf file with the set of hosts returned as a list.  If
     * there are hosts configured they take precedence over the configuration
     * in postgresql.conf.  Make sure to allocate the parsed rows in their own
     * memory context so that we can delete them easily in case parsing fails.
     * If ssl_sni is disabled then set the state accordingly to make sure we
     * instead parse the config from postgresql.conf.
     *
     * The reason for not doing everything in this if-else conditional is that
     * we want to use the same processing of postgresql.conf for when ssl_sni
     * is off as well as when it's on but the hostsfile is missing etc.  Thus
     * we set res to the state and continue with a new conditional instead of
     * duplicating logic and risk it diverging over time.
     */
    if (ssl_sni)
    {
        /*
         * The GUC check hook should have already blocked this but to be on
         * the safe side we doublecheck here.
         */
#ifndef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_CLIENT_HELLO_CB
        ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                errmsg("ssl_sni is not supported with LibreSSL"));
        goto error;
#endif
 
        /* Attempt to load configuration from pg_hosts.conf */
        res = load_hosts(&pg_hosts, &err_msg);
 
        /*
         * pg_hosts.conf is not required to contain configuration, but if it
         * does we error out in case it fails to load rather than continue to
         * try the postgresql.conf configuration to avoid silently falling
         * back on an undesired configuration.
         */
        if (res == HOSTSFILE_LOAD_FAILED)
        {
            ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                    errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                    errmsg("could not load \"%s\": %s", "pg_hosts.conf",
                           err_msg ? err_msg : "unknown error"));
            goto error;
        }
    }
    else
        res = HOSTSFILE_DISABLED;
 
    /*
     * Loading and parsing the hosts file was successful, create configs for
     * each host entry and add to the list of hosts to be checked during
     * login.
     */
    if (res == HOSTSFILE_LOAD_OK)
    {
        Assert(ssl_sni);
 
        foreach(line, pg_hosts)
        {
            HostsLine  *host = lfirst(line);
 
            if (!init_host_context(host, isServerStart))
                goto error;
 
            /*
             * The hostname in the config will be set to NULL for the default
             * host as well as in configs used for non-SNI connections.  Lists
             * of hostnames in pg_hosts.conf are not allowed to contain the
             * default '*' entry or a '/no_sni/' entry and this is checked
             * during parsing.  Thus we can inspect the head of the hostnames
             * list for these since they will never be anywhere else.
             */
            if (strcmp(linitial(host->hostnames), "*") == 0)
            {
                if (new_hosts->default_host)
                {
                    ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                            errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                            errmsg("multiple default hosts specified"),
                            errcontext("line %d of configuration file \"%s\"",
                                       host->linenumber, host->sourcefile));
                    goto error;
                }
 
                new_hosts->default_host = host;
            }
            else if (strcmp(linitial(host->hostnames), "/no_sni/") == 0)
            {
                if (new_hosts->no_sni)
                {
                    ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                            errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                            errmsg("multiple no_sni hosts specified"),
                            errcontext("line %d of configuration file \"%s\"",
                                       host->linenumber, host->sourcefile));
                    goto error;
                }
 
                new_hosts->no_sni = host;
            }
            else
            {
                /* Check the hostnames for duplicates */
                if (!host_cache)
                    host_cache = host_cache_create(host_memcxt, 32, NULL);
 
                foreach_ptr(char, hostname, host->hostnames)
                {
                    HostCacheEntry *entry;
                    bool        found;
 
                    entry = host_cache_insert(host_cache, hostname, &found);
                    if (found)
                    {
                        ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                                errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                                errmsg("multiple entries for host \"%s\" specified",
                                       hostname),
                                errcontext("line %d of configuration file \"%s\"",
                                           host->linenumber, host->sourcefile));
                        goto error;
                    }
                    else
                        entry->hostname = pstrdup(hostname);
                }
 
                /*
                 * At this point we know we have a configuration with a list
                 * of distinct 1..n hostnames for literal string matching with
                 * the SNI extension from the user.
                 */
                new_hosts->sni = lappend(new_hosts->sni, host);
            }
        }
    }
 
    /*
     * If SNI is disabled, then we load configuration from postgresql.conf. If
     * SNI is enabled but the pg_hosts.conf file doesn't exist, or is empty,
     * then we also load the config from postgresql.conf.
     */
    else if (res == HOSTSFILE_DISABLED || res == HOSTSFILE_EMPTY || res == HOSTSFILE_MISSING)
    {
        HostsLine  *pgconf = palloc0(sizeof(HostsLine));
 
#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
        if (res == HOSTSFILE_DISABLED)
            Assert(ssl_sni == false);
#endif
 
        pgconf->ssl_cert = ssl_cert_file;
        pgconf->ssl_key = ssl_key_file;
        pgconf->ssl_ca = ssl_ca_file;
        pgconf->ssl_passphrase_cmd = ssl_passphrase_command;
        pgconf->ssl_passphrase_reload = ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload;
 
        if (!init_host_context(pgconf, isServerStart))
            goto error;
 
        /*
         * If postgresql.conf is used to configure SSL then by definition it
         * will be the default context as we don't have per-host config.
         */
        new_hosts->default_host = pgconf;
    }
 
    /*
     * Make sure we have at least one configuration loaded to use, without
     * that we cannot drive a connection so exit.
     */
    if (new_hosts->sni == NIL && !new_hosts->default_host && !new_hosts->no_sni)
    {
        ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                errmsg("no SSL configurations loaded"),
        /*- translator: The two %s contain filenames */
                errhint("If ssl_sni is enabled then add configuration to \"%s\", else \"%s\"",
                        "pg_hosts.conf", "postgresql.conf"));
        goto error;
    }
 
#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_CLIENT_HELLO_CB
 
    /*
     * Create a new SSL context into which we'll load all the configuration
     * settings.  If we fail partway through, we can avoid memory leakage by
     * freeing this context; we don't install it as active until the end.
     *
     * We use SSLv23_method() because it can negotiate use of the highest
     * mutually supported protocol version, while alternatives like
     * TLSv1_2_method() permit only one specific version.  Note that we don't
     * actually allow SSL v2 or v3, only TLS protocols (see below).
     */
    context = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_method());
    if (!context)
    {
        ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                (errmsg("could not create SSL context: %s",
                        SSLerrmessage(ERR_get_error()))));
        goto error;
    }
#else
 
    /*
     * If the client hello callback isn't supported we want to use the default
     * context as the one to drive the handshake so avoid creating a new one
     * and use the already existing default one instead.
     */
    context = new_hosts->default_host->ssl_ctx;
 
    /*
     * Since we don't allocate a new SSL_CTX here like we do when SNI has been
     * enabled we need to bump the reference count on context to avoid double
     * free of the context when using the same cleanup logic across the cases.
     */
    SSL_CTX_up_ref(context);
#endif
 
    /*
     * Disable OpenSSL's moving-write-buffer sanity check, because it causes
     * unnecessary failures in nonblocking send cases.
     */
    SSL_CTX_set_mode(context, SSL_MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER);
 
    if (ssl_min_protocol_version)
    {
        ssl_ver_min = ssl_protocol_version_to_openssl(ssl_min_protocol_version);
 
        if (ssl_ver_min == -1)
        {
            ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
            /*- translator: first %s is a GUC option name, second %s is its value */
                    (errmsg("\"%s\" setting \"%s\" not supported by this build",
                            "ssl_min_protocol_version",
                            GetConfigOption("ssl_min_protocol_version",
                                            false, false))));
            goto error;
        }
 
        if (!SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version(context, ssl_ver_min))
        {
            ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                    (errmsg("could not set minimum SSL protocol version")));
            goto error;
        }
    }
 
    if (ssl_max_protocol_version)
    {
        ssl_ver_max = ssl_protocol_version_to_openssl(ssl_max_protocol_version);
 
        if (ssl_ver_max == -1)
        {
            ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
            /*- translator: first %s is a GUC option name, second %s is its value */
                    (errmsg("\"%s\" setting \"%s\" not supported by this build",
                            "ssl_max_protocol_version",
                            GetConfigOption("ssl_max_protocol_version",
                                            false, false))));
            goto error;
        }
 
        if (!SSL_CTX_set_max_proto_version(context, ssl_ver_max))
        {
            ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                    (errmsg("could not set maximum SSL protocol version")));
            goto error;
        }
    }
 
    /* Check compatibility of min/max protocols */
    if (ssl_min_protocol_version &&
        ssl_max_protocol_version)
    {
        /*
         * No need to check for invalid values (-1) for each protocol number
         * as the code above would have already generated an error.
         */
        if (ssl_ver_min > ssl_ver_max)
        {
            ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                     errmsg("could not set SSL protocol version range"),
                     errdetail("\"%s\" cannot be higher than \"%s\"",
                               "ssl_min_protocol_version",
                               "ssl_max_protocol_version")));
            goto error;
        }
    }
 
    /*
     * Disallow SSL session tickets. OpenSSL use both stateful and stateless
     * tickets for TLSv1.3, and stateless ticket for TLSv1.2. SSL_OP_NO_TICKET
     * is available since 0.9.8f but only turns off stateless tickets. In
     * order to turn off stateful tickets we need SSL_CTX_set_num_tickets,
     * which is available since OpenSSL 1.1.1.  LibreSSL 3.5.4 (from OpenBSD
     * 7.1) introduced this API for compatibility, but doesn't support session
     * tickets at all so it's a no-op there.
     */
#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_NUM_TICKETS
    SSL_CTX_set_num_tickets(context, 0);
#endif
    SSL_CTX_set_options(context, SSL_OP_NO_TICKET);
 
    /* disallow SSL session caching, too */
    SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode(context, SSL_SESS_CACHE_OFF);
 
    /* disallow SSL compression */
    SSL_CTX_set_options(context, SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESSION);
 
    /*
     * Disallow SSL renegotiation.  This concerns only TLSv1.2 and older
     * protocol versions, as TLSv1.3 has no support for renegotiation.
     * SSL_OP_NO_RENEGOTIATION is available in OpenSSL since 1.1.0h (via a
     * backport from 1.1.1). SSL_OP_NO_CLIENT_RENEGOTIATION is available in
     * LibreSSL since 2.5.1 disallowing all client-initiated renegotiation
     * (this is usually on by default).
     */
#ifdef SSL_OP_NO_RENEGOTIATION
    SSL_CTX_set_options(context, SSL_OP_NO_RENEGOTIATION);
#endif
#ifdef SSL_OP_NO_CLIENT_RENEGOTIATION
    SSL_CTX_set_options(context, SSL_OP_NO_CLIENT_RENEGOTIATION);
#endif
 
    /* set up ephemeral DH and ECDH keys */
    if (!initialize_dh(context, isServerStart))
        goto error;
    if (!initialize_ecdh(context, isServerStart))
        goto error;
 
    /* set up the allowed cipher list for TLSv1.2 and below */
    if (SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list(context, SSLCipherList) != 1)
    {
        ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                 errmsg("could not set the TLSv1.2 cipher list (no valid ciphers available)")));
        goto error;
    }
 
    /*
     * Set up the allowed cipher suites for TLSv1.3. If the GUC is an empty
     * string we leave the allowed suites to be the OpenSSL default value.
     */
    if (SSLCipherSuites[0])
    {
        /* set up the allowed cipher suites */
        if (SSL_CTX_set_ciphersuites(context, SSLCipherSuites) != 1)
        {
            ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                     errmsg("could not set the TLSv1.3 cipher suites (no valid ciphers available)")));
            goto error;
        }
    }
 
    /* Let server choose order */
    if (SSLPreferServerCiphers)
        SSL_CTX_set_options(context, SSL_OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE);
 
    /*
     * Success!  Replace any existing SSL_context and host configurations.
     */
    if (SSL_context)
    {
        SSL_CTX_free(SSL_context);
        SSL_context = NULL;
    }
 
    MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
 
    if (SSL_hosts_memcxt)
        MemoryContextDelete(SSL_hosts_memcxt);
 
    SSL_hosts_memcxt = host_memcxt;
    SSL_hosts = new_hosts;
    SSL_context = context;
 
    return 0;
 
    /*
     * Clean up by releasing working SSL contexts as well as allocations
     * performed during parsing.  Since all our allocations are done in a
     * local memory context all we need to do is delete it.
     */
error:
    if (context)
        SSL_CTX_free(context);
 
    MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
    MemoryContextDelete(host_memcxt);
    return -1;
}
 
/*
 * host_context_cleanup_cb
 *
 * Memory context reset callback for clearing OpenSSL managed resources when
 * hosts are reloaded and the previous set of configured hosts are freed. As
 * all hosts are allocated in a single context we don't need to free each host
 * individually, just resources managed by OpenSSL.
 */
static void
host_context_cleanup_cb(void *arg)
{
    struct hosts *hosts = arg;
 
    foreach_ptr(HostsLine, host, hosts->sni)
    {
        if (host->ssl_ctx != NULL)
            SSL_CTX_free(host->ssl_ctx);
    }
 
    if (hosts->no_sni && hosts->no_sni->ssl_ctx)
        SSL_CTX_free(hosts->no_sni->ssl_ctx);
 
    if (hosts->default_host && hosts->default_host->ssl_ctx)
        SSL_CTX_free(hosts->default_host->ssl_ctx);
}
 
static bool
init_host_context(HostsLine *host, bool isServerStart)
{
    SSL_CTX    *ctx = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_method());
    static bool init_warned = false;
 
    if (!ctx)
    {
        ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                (errmsg("could not create SSL context: %s",
                        SSLerrmessage(ERR_get_error()))));
        goto error;
    }
 
    /*
     * Call init hook (usually to set password callback) in case SNI hasn't
     * been enabled. If SNI is enabled the hook won't operate on the actual
     * TLS context used so it cannot function properly; we warn if one has
     * been installed.
     *
     * If SNI is enabled, we set password callback based what was configured.
     */
    if (!ssl_sni)
        (*openssl_tls_init_hook) (ctx, isServerStart);
    else
    {
        if (openssl_tls_init_hook != default_openssl_tls_init && !init_warned)
        {
            ereport(WARNING,
                    errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                    errmsg("SNI is enabled; installed TLS init hook will be ignored"),
            /*- translator: first %s is a GUC, second %s contains a filename */
                    errhint("TLS init hooks are incompatible with SNI. "
                            "Set \"%s\" to \"off\" to make use of the hook "
                            "that is currently installed, or remove the hook "
                            "and use per-host passphrase commands in \"%s\".",
                            "ssl_sni", "pg_hosts.conf"));
            init_warned = true;
        }
 
        /*
         * Set up the password callback, if configured.
         */
        if (isServerStart)
        {
            if (host->ssl_passphrase_cmd && host->ssl_passphrase_cmd[0])
            {
                SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb(ctx, ssl_external_passwd_cb);
                SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb_userdata(ctx, host->ssl_passphrase_cmd);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            /*
             * If ssl_passphrase_reload is true then ssl_passphrase_cmd cannot
             * be NULL due to their parsing order, but just in case and to
             * self-document the code we replicate the nullness checks.
             */
            if (host->ssl_passphrase_reload &&
                (host->ssl_passphrase_cmd && host->ssl_passphrase_cmd[0]))
            {
                SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb(ctx, ssl_external_passwd_cb);
                SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb_userdata(ctx, host->ssl_passphrase_cmd);
            }
            else
            {
                /*
                 * If reloading and no external command is configured,
                 * override OpenSSL's default handling of passphrase-protected
                 * files, because we don't want to prompt for a passphrase in
                 * an already-running server.
                 */
                SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb(ctx, dummy_ssl_passwd_cb);
            }
        }
    }
 
    /*
     * Load and verify server's certificate and private key
     */
    if (SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file(ctx, host->ssl_cert) != 1)
    {
        ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                 errmsg("could not load server certificate file \"%s\": %s",
                        host->ssl_cert, SSLerrmessage(ERR_get_error()))));
        goto error;
    }
 
    if (!check_ssl_key_file_permissions(host->ssl_key, isServerStart))
        goto error;
 
 
    /* used by the callback */
    ssl_is_server_start = isServerStart;
 
    /*
     * OK, try to load the private key file.
     */
    dummy_ssl_passwd_cb_called = false;
 
    if (SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file(ctx,
                                    host->ssl_key,
                                    SSL_FILETYPE_PEM) != 1)
    {
        if (dummy_ssl_passwd_cb_called)
            ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                     errmsg("private key file \"%s\" cannot be reloaded because it requires a passphrase",
                            host->ssl_key)));
        else
            ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                     errmsg("could not load private key file \"%s\": %s",
                            host->ssl_key, SSLerrmessage(ERR_get_error()))));
        goto error;
    }
 
    if (SSL_CTX_check_private_key(ctx) != 1)
    {
        ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                 errmsg("check of private key failed: %s",
                        SSLerrmessage(ERR_get_error()))));
        goto error;
    }
 
    /*
     * Load CA store, so we can verify client certificates if needed.
     */
    if (host->ssl_ca && host->ssl_ca[0])
    {
        STACK_OF(X509_NAME) * root_cert_list;
 
        if (SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations(ctx, host->ssl_ca, NULL) != 1 ||
            (root_cert_list = SSL_load_client_CA_file(host->ssl_ca)) == NULL)
        {
            ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                     errmsg("could not load root certificate file \"%s\": %s",
                            host->ssl_ca, SSLerrmessage(ERR_get_error()))));
            goto error;
        }
 
        /*
         * Tell OpenSSL to send the list of root certs we trust to clients in
         * CertificateRequests.  This lets a client with a keystore select the
         * appropriate client certificate to send to us.  Also, this ensures
         * that the SSL context will "own" the root_cert_list and remember to
         * free it when no longer needed.
         */
        SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list(ctx, root_cert_list);
    }
 
    /*----------
     * Load the Certificate Revocation List (CRL).
     * http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci803160,00.html
     *----------
     */
    if (ssl_crl_file[0] || ssl_crl_dir[0])
    {
        X509_STORE *cvstore = SSL_CTX_get_cert_store(ctx);
 
        if (cvstore)
        {
            /* Set the flags to check against the complete CRL chain */
            if (X509_STORE_load_locations(cvstore,
                                          ssl_crl_file[0] ? ssl_crl_file : NULL,
                                          ssl_crl_dir[0] ? ssl_crl_dir : NULL)
                == 1)
            {
                X509_STORE_set_flags(cvstore,
                                     X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK | X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK_ALL);
            }
            else if (ssl_crl_dir[0] == 0)
            {
                ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                        (errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                         errmsg("could not load SSL certificate revocation list file \"%s\": %s",
                                ssl_crl_file, SSLerrmessage(ERR_get_error()))));
                goto error;
            }
            else if (ssl_crl_file[0] == 0)
            {
                ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                        (errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                         errmsg("could not load SSL certificate revocation list directory \"%s\": %s",
                                ssl_crl_dir, SSLerrmessage(ERR_get_error()))));
                goto error;
            }
            else
            {
                ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                        (errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                         errmsg("could not load SSL certificate revocation list file \"%s\" or directory \"%s\": %s",
                                ssl_crl_file, ssl_crl_dir,
                                SSLerrmessage(ERR_get_error()))));
                goto error;
            }
        }
    }
 
    host->ssl_ctx = ctx;
    return true;
 
error:
    if (ctx)
        SSL_CTX_free(ctx);
    return false;
}
 
void
be_tls_destroy(void)
{
    if (SSL_context)
        SSL_CTX_free(SSL_context);
    SSL_context = NULL;
    ssl_loaded_verify_locations = false;
}
 
int
be_tls_open_server(Port *port)
{
    int         r;
    int         err;
    int         waitfor;
    unsigned long ecode;
    bool        give_proto_hint;
    static struct CallbackErr err_context;
 
    Assert(!port->ssl);
    Assert(!port->peer);
 
    if (!SSL_context)
    {
        ereport(COMMERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                 errmsg("could not initialize SSL connection: SSL context not set up")));
        return -1;
    }
 
    /* set up debugging/info callback */
    SSL_CTX_set_info_callback(SSL_context, info_cb);
 
    /* enable ALPN */
    SSL_CTX_set_alpn_select_cb(SSL_context, alpn_cb, port);
 
    if (!(port->ssl = SSL_new(SSL_context)))
    {
        ereport(COMMERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                 errmsg("could not initialize SSL connection: %s",
                        SSLerrmessage(ERR_get_error()))));
        return -1;
    }
    if (!ssl_set_port_bio(port))
    {
        ereport(COMMERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                 errmsg("could not set SSL socket: %s",
                        SSLerrmessage(ERR_get_error()))));
        return -1;
    }
 
    /*
     * If the underlying TLS library supports the client hello callback we use
     * that in order to support host based configuration using the SNI TLS
     * extension.  If the user has disabled SNI via the ssl_sni GUC we still
     * make use of the callback in order to have consistent handling of
     * OpenSSL contexts, except in that case the callback will install the
     * default configuration regardless of the hostname sent by the user in
     * the handshake.
     *
     * In case the TLS library does not support the client hello callback, as
     * of this writing LibreSSL does not, we need to install the client cert
     * verification callback here (if the user configured a CA) since we
     * cannot use the OpenSSL context update functionality.
     */
#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_CLIENT_HELLO_CB
    SSL_CTX_set_client_hello_cb(SSL_context, sni_clienthello_cb, NULL);
#else
    if (SSL_hosts->default_host->ssl_ca && SSL_hosts->default_host->ssl_ca[0])
    {
        /*
         * Always ask for SSL client cert, but don't fail if it's not
         * presented.  We might fail such connections later, depending on what
         * we find in pg_hba.conf.
         */
        SSL_set_verify(port->ssl,
                       (SSL_VERIFY_PEER | SSL_VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE),
                       verify_cb);
 
        ssl_loaded_verify_locations = true;
    }
#endif
 
    err_context.cert_errdetail = NULL;
    SSL_set_ex_data(port->ssl, 0, &err_context);
 
    port->ssl_in_use = true;
 
aloop:
 
    /*
     * Prepare to call SSL_get_error() by clearing thread's OpenSSL error
     * queue.  In general, the current thread's error queue must be empty
     * before the TLS/SSL I/O operation is attempted, or SSL_get_error() will
     * not work reliably.  An extension may have failed to clear the
     * per-thread error queue following another call to an OpenSSL I/O
     * routine.
     */
    errno = 0;
    ERR_clear_error();
    r = SSL_accept(port->ssl);
    if (r <= 0)
    {
        err = SSL_get_error(port->ssl, r);
 
        /*
         * Other clients of OpenSSL in the backend may fail to call
         * ERR_get_error(), but we always do, so as to not cause problems for
         * OpenSSL clients that don't call ERR_clear_error() defensively.  Be
         * sure that this happens by calling now. SSL_get_error() relies on
         * the OpenSSL per-thread error queue being intact, so this is the
         * earliest possible point ERR_get_error() may be called.
         */
        ecode = ERR_get_error();
        switch (err)
        {
            case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
            case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
                /* not allowed during connection establishment */
                Assert(!port->noblock);
 
                /*
                 * No need to care about timeouts/interrupts here. At this
                 * point authentication_timeout still employs
                 * StartupPacketTimeoutHandler() which directly exits.
                 */
                if (err == SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ)
                    waitfor = WL_SOCKET_READABLE | WL_EXIT_ON_PM_DEATH;
                else
                    waitfor = WL_SOCKET_WRITEABLE | WL_EXIT_ON_PM_DEATH;
 
                (void) WaitLatchOrSocket(NULL, waitfor, port->sock, 0,
                                         WAIT_EVENT_SSL_OPEN_SERVER);
                goto aloop;
            case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
                if (r < 0 && errno != 0)
                    ereport(COMMERROR,
                            (errcode_for_socket_access(),
                             errmsg("could not accept SSL connection: %m")));
                else
                    ereport(COMMERROR,
                            (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                             errmsg("could not accept SSL connection: EOF detected")));
                break;
            case SSL_ERROR_SSL:
                switch (ERR_GET_REASON(ecode))
                {
                        /*
                         * UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL, WRONG_VERSION_NUMBER, and
                         * TLSV1_ALERT_PROTOCOL_VERSION have been observed
                         * when trying to communicate with an old OpenSSL
                         * library, or when the client and server specify
                         * disjoint protocol ranges.  NO_PROTOCOLS_AVAILABLE
                         * occurs if there's a local misconfiguration (which
                         * can happen despite our checks, if openssl.cnf
                         * injects a limit we didn't account for).  It's not
                         * very clear what would make OpenSSL return the other
                         * codes listed here, but a hint about protocol
                         * versions seems like it's appropriate for all.
                         */
                    case SSL_R_NO_PROTOCOLS_AVAILABLE:
                    case SSL_R_UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL:
                    case SSL_R_BAD_PROTOCOL_VERSION_NUMBER:
                    case SSL_R_UNKNOWN_PROTOCOL:
                    case SSL_R_UNKNOWN_SSL_VERSION:
                    case SSL_R_UNSUPPORTED_SSL_VERSION:
                    case SSL_R_WRONG_SSL_VERSION:
                    case SSL_R_WRONG_VERSION_NUMBER:
                    case SSL_R_TLSV1_ALERT_PROTOCOL_VERSION:
#ifdef SSL_R_VERSION_TOO_HIGH
                    case SSL_R_VERSION_TOO_HIGH:
#endif
#ifdef SSL_R_VERSION_TOO_LOW
                    case SSL_R_VERSION_TOO_LOW:
#endif
                        give_proto_hint = true;
                        break;
                    default:
                        give_proto_hint = false;
                        break;
                }
                ereport(COMMERROR,
                        (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                         errmsg("could not accept SSL connection: %s",
                                SSLerrmessage(ecode)),
                         err_context.cert_errdetail ? errdetail_internal("%s", err_context.cert_errdetail) : 0,
                         give_proto_hint ?
                         errhint("This may indicate that the client does not support any SSL protocol version between %s and %s.",
                                 ssl_min_protocol_version ?
                                 ssl_protocol_version_to_string(ssl_min_protocol_version) :
                                 MIN_OPENSSL_TLS_VERSION,
                                 ssl_max_protocol_version ?
                                 ssl_protocol_version_to_string(ssl_max_protocol_version) :
                                 MAX_OPENSSL_TLS_VERSION) : 0));
                if (err_context.cert_errdetail)
                    pfree(err_context.cert_errdetail);
                break;
            case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN:
                ereport(COMMERROR,
                        (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                         errmsg("could not accept SSL connection: EOF detected")));
                break;
            default:
                ereport(COMMERROR,
                        (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                         errmsg("unrecognized SSL error code: %d",
                                err)));
                break;
        }
        return -1;
    }
 
    /* Get the protocol selected by ALPN */
    port->alpn_used = false;
    {
        const unsigned char *selected;
        unsigned int len;
 
        SSL_get0_alpn_selected(port->ssl, &selected, &len);
 
        /* If ALPN is used, check that we negotiated the expected protocol */
        if (selected != NULL)
        {
            if (len == strlen(PG_ALPN_PROTOCOL) &&
                memcmp(selected, PG_ALPN_PROTOCOL, strlen(PG_ALPN_PROTOCOL)) == 0)
            {
                port->alpn_used = true;
            }
            else
            {
                /* shouldn't happen */
                ereport(COMMERROR,
                        (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                         errmsg("received SSL connection request with unexpected ALPN protocol")));
            }
        }
    }
 
    /* Get client certificate, if available. */
    port->peer = SSL_get_peer_certificate(port->ssl);
 
    /* and extract the Common Name and Distinguished Name from it. */
    port->peer_cn = NULL;
    port->peer_dn = NULL;
    port->peer_cert_valid = false;
    if (port->peer != NULL)
    {
        int         len;
        X509_NAME  *x509name = X509_get_subject_name(port->peer);
        char       *peer_dn;
        BIO        *bio = NULL;
        BUF_MEM    *bio_buf = NULL;
 
        len = X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(x509name, NID_commonName, NULL, 0);
        if (len != -1)
        {
            char       *peer_cn;
 
            peer_cn = MemoryContextAlloc(TopMemoryContext, len + 1);
            r = X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(x509name, NID_commonName, peer_cn,
                                          len + 1);
            peer_cn[len] = '\0';
            if (r != len)
            {
                /* shouldn't happen */
                pfree(peer_cn);
                return -1;
            }
 
            /*
             * Reject embedded NULLs in certificate common name to prevent
             * attacks like CVE-2009-4034.
             */
            if (len != strlen(peer_cn))
            {
                ereport(COMMERROR,
                        (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                         errmsg("SSL certificate's common name contains embedded null")));
                pfree(peer_cn);
                return -1;
            }
 
            port->peer_cn = peer_cn;
        }
 
        bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
        if (!bio)
        {
            if (port->peer_cn != NULL)
            {
                pfree(port->peer_cn);
                port->peer_cn = NULL;
            }
            return -1;
        }
 
        /*
         * RFC2253 is the closest thing to an accepted standard format for
         * DNs. We have documented how to produce this format from a
         * certificate. It uses commas instead of slashes for delimiters,
         * which make regular expression matching a bit easier. Also note that
         * it prints the Subject fields in reverse order.
         */
        if (X509_NAME_print_ex(bio, x509name, 0, XN_FLAG_RFC2253) == -1 ||
            BIO_get_mem_ptr(bio, &bio_buf) <= 0)
        {
            BIO_free(bio);
            if (port->peer_cn != NULL)
            {
                pfree(port->peer_cn);
                port->peer_cn = NULL;
            }
            return -1;
        }
        peer_dn = MemoryContextAlloc(TopMemoryContext, bio_buf->length + 1);
        memcpy(peer_dn, bio_buf->data, bio_buf->length);
        len = bio_buf->length;
        BIO_free(bio);
        peer_dn[len] = '\0';
        if (len != strlen(peer_dn))
        {
            ereport(COMMERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                     errmsg("SSL certificate's distinguished name contains embedded null")));
            pfree(peer_dn);
            if (port->peer_cn != NULL)
            {
                pfree(port->peer_cn);
                port->peer_cn = NULL;
            }
            return -1;
        }
 
        port->peer_dn = peer_dn;
 
        port->peer_cert_valid = true;
    }
 
    return 0;
}
 
void
be_tls_close(Port *port)
{
    if (port->ssl)
    {
        SSL_shutdown(port->ssl);
        SSL_free(port->ssl);
        port->ssl = NULL;
        port->ssl_in_use = false;
    }
 
    if (port->peer)
    {
        X509_free(port->peer);
        port->peer = NULL;
    }
 
    if (port->peer_cn)
    {
        pfree(port->peer_cn);
        port->peer_cn = NULL;
    }
 
    if (port->peer_dn)
    {
        pfree(port->peer_dn);
        port->peer_dn = NULL;
    }
}
 
ssize_t
be_tls_read(Port *port, void *ptr, size_t len, int *waitfor)
{
    ssize_t     n;
    int         err;
    unsigned long ecode;
 
    errno = 0;
    ERR_clear_error();
    n = SSL_read(port->ssl, ptr, len);
    err = SSL_get_error(port->ssl, n);
    ecode = (err != SSL_ERROR_NONE || n < 0) ? ERR_get_error() : 0;
    switch (err)
    {
        case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
            /* a-ok */
            break;
        case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
            *waitfor = WL_SOCKET_READABLE;
            errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
            n = -1;
            break;
        case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
            *waitfor = WL_SOCKET_WRITEABLE;
            errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
            n = -1;
            break;
        case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
            /* leave it to caller to ereport the value of errno */
            if (n != -1 || errno == 0)
            {
                errno = ECONNRESET;
                n = -1;
            }
            break;
        case SSL_ERROR_SSL:
            ereport(COMMERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                     errmsg("SSL error: %s", SSLerrmessage(ecode))));
            errno = ECONNRESET;
            n = -1;
            break;
        case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN:
            /* connection was cleanly shut down by peer */
            n = 0;
            break;
        default:
            ereport(COMMERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                     errmsg("unrecognized SSL error code: %d",
                            err)));
            errno = ECONNRESET;
            n = -1;
            break;
    }
 
    return n;
}
 
ssize_t
be_tls_write(Port *port, const void *ptr, size_t len, int *waitfor)
{
    ssize_t     n;
    int         err;
    unsigned long ecode;
 
    errno = 0;
    ERR_clear_error();
    n = SSL_write(port->ssl, ptr, len);
    err = SSL_get_error(port->ssl, n);
    ecode = (err != SSL_ERROR_NONE || n < 0) ? ERR_get_error() : 0;
    switch (err)
    {
        case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
            /* a-ok */
            break;
        case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
            *waitfor = WL_SOCKET_READABLE;
            errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
            n = -1;
            break;
        case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
            *waitfor = WL_SOCKET_WRITEABLE;
            errno = EWOULDBLOCK;
            n = -1;
            break;
        case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
 
            /*
             * Leave it to caller to ereport the value of errno.  However, if
             * errno is still zero then assume it's a read EOF situation, and
             * report ECONNRESET.  (This seems possible because SSL_write can
             * also do reads.)
             */
            if (n != -1 || errno == 0)
            {
                errno = ECONNRESET;
                n = -1;
            }
            break;
        case SSL_ERROR_SSL:
            ereport(COMMERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                     errmsg("SSL error: %s", SSLerrmessage(ecode))));
            errno = ECONNRESET;
            n = -1;
            break;
        case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN:
 
            /*
             * the SSL connection was closed, leave it to the caller to
             * ereport it
             */
            errno = ECONNRESET;
            n = -1;
            break;
        default:
            ereport(COMMERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                     errmsg("unrecognized SSL error code: %d",
                            err)));
            errno = ECONNRESET;
            n = -1;
            break;
    }
 
    return n;
}
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
/*                      Internal functions                      */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
 
/*
 * Private substitute BIO: this does the sending and receiving using send() and
 * recv() instead. This is so that we can enable and disable interrupts
 * just while calling recv(). We cannot have interrupts occurring while
 * the bulk of OpenSSL runs, because it uses malloc() and possibly other
 * non-reentrant libc facilities. We also need to call send() and recv()
 * directly so it gets passed through the socket/signals layer on Win32.
 *
 * These functions are closely modelled on the standard socket BIO in OpenSSL;
 * see sock_read() and sock_write() in OpenSSL's crypto/bio/bss_sock.c.
 */
 
static BIO_METHOD *port_bio_method_ptr = NULL;
 
static int
port_bio_read(BIO *h, char *buf, int size)
{
    int         res = 0;
    Port       *port = (Port *) BIO_get_data(h);
 
    if (buf != NULL)
    {
        res = secure_raw_read(port, buf, size);
        BIO_clear_retry_flags(h);
        port->last_read_was_eof = res == 0;
        if (res <= 0)
        {
            /* If we were interrupted, tell caller to retry */
            if (errno == EINTR || errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN)
            {
                BIO_set_retry_read(h);
            }
        }
    }
 
    return res;
}
 
static int
port_bio_write(BIO *h, const char *buf, int size)
{
    int         res = 0;
 
    res = secure_raw_write(((Port *) BIO_get_data(h)), buf, size);
    BIO_clear_retry_flags(h);
    if (res <= 0)
    {
        /* If we were interrupted, tell caller to retry */
        if (errno == EINTR || errno == EWOULDBLOCK || errno == EAGAIN)
        {
            BIO_set_retry_write(h);
        }
    }
 
    return res;
}
 
static long
port_bio_ctrl(BIO *h, int cmd, long num, void *ptr)
{
    long        res;
    Port       *port = (Port *) BIO_get_data(h);
 
    switch (cmd)
    {
        case BIO_CTRL_EOF:
 
            /*
             * This should not be needed. port_bio_read already has a way to
             * signal EOF to OpenSSL. However, OpenSSL made an undocumented,
             * backwards-incompatible change and now expects EOF via BIO_ctrl.
             * See https://github.com/openssl/openssl/issues/8208
             */
            res = port->last_read_was_eof;
            break;
        case BIO_CTRL_FLUSH:
            /* libssl expects all BIOs to support BIO_flush. */
            res = 1;
            break;
        default:
            res = 0;
            break;
    }
 
    return res;
}
 
static BIO_METHOD *
port_bio_method(void)
{
    if (!port_bio_method_ptr)
    {
        int         my_bio_index;
 
        my_bio_index = BIO_get_new_index();
        if (my_bio_index == -1)
            return NULL;
        my_bio_index |= BIO_TYPE_SOURCE_SINK;
        port_bio_method_ptr = BIO_meth_new(my_bio_index, "PostgreSQL backend socket");
        if (!port_bio_method_ptr)
            return NULL;
        if (!BIO_meth_set_write(port_bio_method_ptr, port_bio_write) ||
            !BIO_meth_set_read(port_bio_method_ptr, port_bio_read) ||
            !BIO_meth_set_ctrl(port_bio_method_ptr, port_bio_ctrl))
        {
            BIO_meth_free(port_bio_method_ptr);
            port_bio_method_ptr = NULL;
            return NULL;
        }
    }
    return port_bio_method_ptr;
}
 
static int
ssl_set_port_bio(Port *port)
{
    BIO        *bio;
    BIO_METHOD *bio_method;
 
    bio_method = port_bio_method();
    if (bio_method == NULL)
        return 0;
 
    bio = BIO_new(bio_method);
    if (bio == NULL)
        return 0;
 
    BIO_set_data(bio, port);
    BIO_set_init(bio, 1);
 
    SSL_set_bio(port->ssl, bio, bio);
    return 1;
}
 
/*
 *  Load precomputed DH parameters.
 *
 *  To prevent "downgrade" attacks, we perform a number of checks
 *  to verify that the DBA-generated DH parameters file contains
 *  what we expect it to contain.
 */
static DH  *
load_dh_file(char *filename, bool isServerStart)
{
    FILE       *fp;
    DH         *dh = NULL;
    int         codes;
 
    /* attempt to open file.  It's not an error if it doesn't exist. */
    if ((fp = AllocateFile(filename, "r")) == NULL)
    {
        ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                (errcode_for_file_access(),
                 errmsg("could not open DH parameters file \"%s\": %m",
                        filename)));
        return NULL;
    }
 
    dh = PEM_read_DHparams(fp, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    FreeFile(fp);
 
    if (dh == NULL)
    {
        ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                 errmsg("could not load DH parameters file: %s",
                        SSLerrmessage(ERR_get_error()))));
        return NULL;
    }
 
    /* make sure the DH parameters are usable */
    if (DH_check(dh, &codes) == 0)
    {
        ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                 errmsg("invalid DH parameters: %s",
                        SSLerrmessage(ERR_get_error()))));
        DH_free(dh);
        return NULL;
    }
    if (codes & DH_CHECK_P_NOT_PRIME)
    {
        ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                 errmsg("invalid DH parameters: p is not prime")));
        DH_free(dh);
        return NULL;
    }
    if ((codes & DH_NOT_SUITABLE_GENERATOR) &&
        (codes & DH_CHECK_P_NOT_SAFE_PRIME))
    {
        ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                 errmsg("invalid DH parameters: neither suitable generator or safe prime")));
        DH_free(dh);
        return NULL;
    }
 
    return dh;
}
 
/*
 *  Load hardcoded DH parameters.
 *
 *  If DH parameters cannot be loaded from a specified file, we can load
 *  the hardcoded DH parameters supplied with the backend to prevent
 *  problems.
 */
static DH  *
load_dh_buffer(const char *buffer, size_t len)
{
    BIO        *bio;
    DH         *dh = NULL;
 
    bio = BIO_new_mem_buf(buffer, len);
    if (bio == NULL)
        return NULL;
    dh = PEM_read_bio_DHparams(bio, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    if (dh == NULL)
        ereport(DEBUG2,
                (errmsg_internal("DH load buffer: %s",
                                 SSLerrmessage(ERR_get_error()))));
    BIO_free(bio);
 
    return dh;
}
 
/*
 *  Passphrase collection callback using ssl_passphrase_command
 */
static int
ssl_external_passwd_cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *userdata)
{
    /* same prompt as OpenSSL uses internally */
    const char *prompt = "Enter PEM pass phrase:";
    const char *cmd = userdata;
 
    Assert(rwflag == 0);
 
    return run_ssl_passphrase_command(cmd, prompt, ssl_is_server_start, buf, size);
}
 
/*
 * Dummy passphrase callback
 *
 * If OpenSSL is told to use a passphrase-protected server key, by default
 * it will issue a prompt on /dev/tty and try to read a key from there.
 * That's no good during a postmaster SIGHUP cycle, not to mention SSL context
 * reload in an EXEC_BACKEND postmaster child.  So override it with this dummy
 * function that just returns an empty passphrase, guaranteeing failure.
 */
static int
dummy_ssl_passwd_cb(char *buf, int size, int rwflag, void *userdata)
{
    /* Set flag to change the error message we'll report */
    dummy_ssl_passwd_cb_called = true;
    /* And return empty string */
    Assert(size > 0);
    buf[0] = '\0';
    return 0;
}
 
/*
 * Examines the provided certificate name, and if it's too long to log or
 * contains unprintable ASCII, escapes and truncates it. The return value is
 * always a new palloc'd string. (The input string is still modified in place,
 * for ease of implementation.)
 */
static char *
prepare_cert_name(char *name)
{
    size_t      namelen = strlen(name);
    char       *truncated = name;
 
    /*
     * Common Names are 64 chars max, so for a common case where the CN is the
     * last field, we can still print the longest possible CN with a
     * 7-character prefix (".../CN=[64 chars]"), for a reasonable limit of 71
     * characters.
     */
#define MAXLEN 71
 
    if (namelen > MAXLEN)
    {
        /*
         * Keep the end of the name, not the beginning, since the most
         * specific field is likely to give users the most information.
         */
        truncated = name + namelen - MAXLEN;
        truncated[0] = truncated[1] = truncated[2] = '.';
        namelen = MAXLEN;
    }
 
#undef MAXLEN
 
    return pg_clean_ascii(truncated, 0);
}
 
/*
 *  Certificate verification callback
 *
 *  This callback allows us to examine intermediate problems during
 *  verification, for later logging.
 *
 *  This callback also allows us to override the default acceptance
 *  criteria (e.g., accepting self-signed or expired certs), but
 *  for now we accept the default checks.
 */
static int
verify_cb(int ok, X509_STORE_CTX *ctx)
{
    int         depth;
    int         errcode;
    const char *errstring;
    StringInfoData str;
    X509       *cert;
    SSL        *ssl;
    struct CallbackErr *cb_err;
 
    if (ok)
    {
        /* Nothing to do for the successful case. */
        return ok;
    }
 
    /* Pull all the information we have on the verification failure. */
    depth = X509_STORE_CTX_get_error_depth(ctx);
    errcode = X509_STORE_CTX_get_error(ctx);
    errstring = X509_verify_cert_error_string(errcode);
 
    /*
     * Extract the current SSL and CallbackErr object to use for passing error
     * detail back from the callback.
     */
    ssl = X509_STORE_CTX_get_ex_data(ctx, SSL_get_ex_data_X509_STORE_CTX_idx());
    cb_err = (struct CallbackErr *) SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, 0);
 
    initStringInfo(&str);
    appendStringInfo(&str,
                     _("Client certificate verification failed at depth %d: %s."),
                     depth, errstring);
 
    cert = X509_STORE_CTX_get_current_cert(ctx);
    if (cert)
    {
        char       *subject,
                   *issuer;
        char       *sub_prepared,
                   *iss_prepared;
        char       *serialno;
        ASN1_INTEGER *sn;
        BIGNUM     *b;
 
        /*
         * Get the Subject and Issuer for logging, but don't let maliciously
         * huge certs flood the logs, and don't reflect non-ASCII bytes into
         * it either.
         */
        subject = X509_NAME_to_cstring(X509_get_subject_name(cert));
        sub_prepared = prepare_cert_name(subject);
        pfree(subject);
 
        issuer = X509_NAME_to_cstring(X509_get_issuer_name(cert));
        iss_prepared = prepare_cert_name(issuer);
        pfree(issuer);
 
        /*
         * Pull the serial number, too, in case a Subject is still ambiguous.
         * This mirrors be_tls_get_peer_serial().
         */
        sn = X509_get_serialNumber(cert);
        b = ASN1_INTEGER_to_BN(sn, NULL);
        serialno = BN_bn2dec(b);
 
        appendStringInfoChar(&str, '\n');
        appendStringInfo(&str,
                         _("Failed certificate data (unverified): subject \"%s\", serial number %s, issuer \"%s\"."),
                         sub_prepared, serialno ? serialno : _("unknown"),
                         iss_prepared);
 
        BN_free(b);
        OPENSSL_free(serialno);
        pfree(iss_prepared);
        pfree(sub_prepared);
    }
 
    /* Store our detail message to be logged later. */
    cb_err->cert_errdetail = str.data;
 
    return ok;
}
 
/*
 *  This callback is used to copy SSL information messages
 *  into the PostgreSQL log.
 */
static void
info_cb(const SSL *ssl, int type, int args)
{
    const char *desc;
 
    desc = SSL_state_string_long(ssl);
 
    switch (type)
    {
        case SSL_CB_HANDSHAKE_START:
            ereport(DEBUG4,
                    (errmsg_internal("SSL: handshake start: \"%s\"", desc)));
            break;
        case SSL_CB_HANDSHAKE_DONE:
            ereport(DEBUG4,
                    (errmsg_internal("SSL: handshake done: \"%s\"", desc)));
            break;
        case SSL_CB_ACCEPT_LOOP:
            ereport(DEBUG4,
                    (errmsg_internal("SSL: accept loop: \"%s\"", desc)));
            break;
        case SSL_CB_ACCEPT_EXIT:
            ereport(DEBUG4,
                    (errmsg_internal("SSL: accept exit (%d): \"%s\"", args, desc)));
            break;
        case SSL_CB_CONNECT_LOOP:
            ereport(DEBUG4,
                    (errmsg_internal("SSL: connect loop: \"%s\"", desc)));
            break;
        case SSL_CB_CONNECT_EXIT:
            ereport(DEBUG4,
                    (errmsg_internal("SSL: connect exit (%d): \"%s\"", args, desc)));
            break;
        case SSL_CB_READ_ALERT:
            ereport(DEBUG4,
                    (errmsg_internal("SSL: read alert (0x%04x): \"%s\"", args, desc)));
            break;
        case SSL_CB_WRITE_ALERT:
            ereport(DEBUG4,
                    (errmsg_internal("SSL: write alert (0x%04x): \"%s\"", args, desc)));
            break;
    }
}
 
/* See pqcomm.h comments on OpenSSL implementation of ALPN (RFC 7301) */
static const unsigned char alpn_protos[] = PG_ALPN_PROTOCOL_VECTOR;
 
/*
 * Server callback for ALPN negotiation. We use the standard "helper" function
 * even though currently we only accept one value.
 */
static int
alpn_cb(SSL *ssl,
        const unsigned char **out,
        unsigned char *outlen,
        const unsigned char *in,
        unsigned int inlen,
        void *userdata)
{
    /*
     * Why does OpenSSL provide a helper function that requires a nonconst
     * vector when the callback is declared to take a const vector? What are
     * we to do with that?
     */
    int         retval;
 
    Assert(userdata != NULL);
    Assert(out != NULL);
    Assert(outlen != NULL);
    Assert(in != NULL);
 
    retval = SSL_select_next_proto((unsigned char **) out, outlen,
                                   alpn_protos, sizeof(alpn_protos),
                                   in, inlen);
    if (*out == NULL || *outlen > sizeof(alpn_protos) || *outlen <= 0)
        return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_NOACK;    /* can't happen */
 
    if (retval == OPENSSL_NPN_NEGOTIATED)
        return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_OK;
    else
    {
        /*
         * The client doesn't support our protocol.  Reject the connection
         * with TLS "no_application_protocol" alert, per RFC 7301.
         */
        return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_ALERT_FATAL;
    }
}
 
#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_CLIENT_HELLO_CB
/*
 * ssl_update_ssl
 *
 * Replace certificate/key and CA in an SSL object to match the, via the SNI
 * extension, selected host configuration for the connection.  The SSL_CTX
 * object to use should be passed in as ctx.  This function will update the
 * SSL object in-place.
 */
static bool
ssl_update_ssl(SSL *ssl, HostsLine *host_config)
{
    SSL_CTX    *ctx = host_config->ssl_ctx;
 
    X509       *cert;
    EVP_PKEY   *key;
 
    STACK_OF(X509) * chain;
 
    Assert(ctx != NULL);
    /*-
     * Make use of the already-loaded certificate chain and key. At first
     * glance, SSL_set_SSL_CTX() looks like the easiest way to do this, but
     * beware -- it has very odd behavior:
     *
     *     https://github.com/openssl/openssl/issues/6109
     */
    cert = SSL_CTX_get0_certificate(ctx);
    key = SSL_CTX_get0_privatekey(ctx);
 
    Assert(cert && key);
 
    if (!SSL_CTX_get0_chain_certs(ctx, &chain)
        || !SSL_use_cert_and_key(ssl, cert, key, chain, 1 /* override */ )
        || !SSL_check_private_key(ssl))
    {
        /*
         * This shouldn't really be possible, since the inputs came from a
         * SSL_CTX that was already populated by OpenSSL.
         */
        ereport(COMMERROR,
                errcode(ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR),
                errmsg_internal("could not update certificate chain: %s",
                                SSLerrmessage(ERR_get_error())));
        return false;
    }
 
    if (host_config->ssl_ca && host_config->ssl_ca[0])
    {
        /*
         * Copy the trust store and list of roots over from the SSL_CTX.
         */
        X509_STORE *ca_store = SSL_CTX_get_cert_store(ctx);
 
        STACK_OF(X509_NAME) * roots;
 
        /*
         * The trust store appears to be the only setting that this function
         * can't override via the (SSL *) pointer directly. Instead, share it
         * with the active SSL_CTX (this should always be SSL_context).
         */
        Assert(SSL_context == SSL_get_SSL_CTX(ssl));
        SSL_CTX_set1_cert_store(SSL_context, ca_store);
 
        /*
         * SSL_set_client_CA_list() will take ownership of its argument, so we
         * need to duplicate it.
         */
        if ((roots = SSL_CTX_get_client_CA_list(ctx)) == NULL
            || (roots = SSL_dup_CA_list(roots)) == NULL)
        {
            ereport(COMMERROR,
                    errcode(ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR),
                    errmsg_internal("could not duplicate SSL_CTX CA list: %s",
                                    SSLerrmessage(ERR_get_error())));
            return false;
        }
 
        SSL_set_client_CA_list(ssl, roots);
 
        /*
         * Always ask for SSL client cert, but don't fail if it's not
         * presented.  We might fail such connections later, depending on what
         * we find in pg_hba.conf.
         */
        SSL_set_verify(ssl,
                       (SSL_VERIFY_PEER | SSL_VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE),
                       verify_cb);
 
        ssl_loaded_verify_locations = true;
    }
 
    return true;
}
 
/*
 * sni_clienthello_cb
 *
 * Callback for extracting the servername extension from the TLS handshake
 * during ClientHello.  There is a callback in OpenSSL for the servername
 * specifically but OpenSSL themselves advice against using it as it is more
 * dependent on ordering for execution.
 */
static int
sni_clienthello_cb(SSL *ssl, int *al, void *arg)
{
    const char *tlsext_hostname;
    const unsigned char *tlsext;
    size_t      left,
                len;
    HostsLine  *install_config = NULL;
 
    if (!ssl_sni)
    {
        install_config = SSL_hosts->default_host;
        goto found;
    }
 
    if (SSL_client_hello_get0_ext(ssl, TLSEXT_TYPE_server_name, &tlsext, &left))
    {
        if (left <= 2)
        {
            *al = SSL_AD_DECODE_ERROR;
            return 0;
        }
        len = (*(tlsext++) << 8);
        len += *(tlsext)++;
        if (len + 2 != left)
        {
            *al = SSL_AD_DECODE_ERROR;
            return 0;
        }
 
        left = len;
 
        if (left == 0 || *tlsext++ != TLSEXT_NAMETYPE_host_name)
        {
            *al = SSL_AD_DECODE_ERROR;
            return 0;
        }
 
        left--;
 
        /*
         * Now we can finally pull out the byte array with the actual
         * hostname.
         */
        if (left <= 2)
        {
            *al = SSL_AD_DECODE_ERROR;
            return 0;
        }
        len = (*(tlsext++) << 8);
        len += *(tlsext++);
        if (len + 2 > left)
        {
            *al = SSL_AD_DECODE_ERROR;
            return 0;
        }
        left = len;
        tlsext_hostname = (const char *) tlsext;
 
        /*
         * We have a requested hostname from the client, match against all
         * entries in the pg_hosts configuration and attempt to find a match.
         * Matching is done case insensitive as per RFC 952 and RFC 921.
         */
        foreach_ptr(HostsLine, host, SSL_hosts->sni)
        {
            foreach_ptr(char, hostname, host->hostnames)
            {
                if (strlen(hostname) == len &&
                    pg_strncasecmp(hostname, tlsext_hostname, len) == 0)
                {
                    install_config = host;
                    goto found;
                }
            }
        }
 
        /*
         * If no host specific match was found, and there is a default config,
         * then fall back to using that.
         */
        if (!install_config && SSL_hosts->default_host)
            install_config = SSL_hosts->default_host;
    }
 
    /*
     * No hostname TLS extension in the handshake, use the default or no_sni
     * configurations if available.
     */
    else
    {
        tlsext_hostname = NULL;
 
        if (SSL_hosts->no_sni)
            install_config = SSL_hosts->no_sni;
        else if (SSL_hosts->default_host)
            install_config = SSL_hosts->default_host;
        else
        {
            /*
             * Reaching here means that we didn't get a hostname in the TLS
             * extension and the server has been configured to not allow any
             * connections without a specified hostname.
             *
             * The error message for a missing server_name should, according
             * to RFC 8446, be missing_extension. This isn't entirely ideal
             * since the user won't be able to tell which extension the server
             * considered missing.  Sending unrecognized_name would be a more
             * helpful error, but for now we stick to the RFC.
             */
            *al = SSL_AD_MISSING_EXTENSION;
 
            ereport(COMMERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                     errmsg("no hostname provided in callback, and no fallback configured")));
            return SSL_CLIENT_HELLO_ERROR;
        }
    }
 
    /*
     * If we reach here without a context chosen as the session context then
     * fail the handshake and terminate the connection.
     */
    if (install_config == NULL)
    {
        if (tlsext_hostname)
            *al = SSL_AD_UNRECOGNIZED_NAME;
        else
            *al = SSL_AD_MISSING_EXTENSION;
        return SSL_CLIENT_HELLO_ERROR;
    }
 
found:
    if (!ssl_update_ssl(ssl, install_config))
    {
        *al = SSL_AD_INTERNAL_ERROR;
        ereport(COMMERROR,
                errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                errmsg("failed to switch to SSL configuration for host, terminating connection"));
        return SSL_CLIENT_HELLO_ERROR;
    }
 
    return SSL_CLIENT_HELLO_SUCCESS;
}
#endif                          /* HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_CLIENT_HELLO_CB */
 
/*
 * Set DH parameters for generating ephemeral DH keys.  The
 * DH parameters can take a long time to compute, so they must be
 * precomputed.
 *
 * Since few sites will bother to create a parameter file, we also
 * provide a fallback to the parameters provided by the OpenSSL
 * project.
 *
 * These values can be static (once loaded or computed) since the
 * OpenSSL library can efficiently generate random keys from the
 * information provided.
 */
static bool
initialize_dh(SSL_CTX *context, bool isServerStart)
{
    DH         *dh = NULL;
 
    SSL_CTX_set_options(context, SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE);
 
    if (ssl_dh_params_file[0])
        dh = load_dh_file(ssl_dh_params_file, isServerStart);
    if (!dh)
        dh = load_dh_buffer(FILE_DH2048, sizeof(FILE_DH2048));
    if (!dh)
    {
        ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                 errmsg("DH: could not load DH parameters")));
        return false;
    }
 
    if (SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh(context, dh) != 1)
    {
        ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                 errmsg("DH: could not set DH parameters: %s",
                        SSLerrmessage(ERR_get_error()))));
        DH_free(dh);
        return false;
    }
 
    DH_free(dh);
    return true;
}
 
/*
 * Set ECDH parameters for generating ephemeral Elliptic Curve DH
 * keys.  This is much simpler than the DH parameters, as we just
 * need to provide the name of the curve to OpenSSL.
 */
static bool
initialize_ecdh(SSL_CTX *context, bool isServerStart)
{
#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_ECDH
    if (SSL_CTX_set1_groups_list(context, SSLECDHCurve) != 1)
    {
        /*
         * OpenSSL 3.3.0 introduced proper error messages for group parsing
         * errors, earlier versions returns "no SSL error reported" which is
         * far from helpful. For older versions, we replace with a better
         * error message. Injecting the error into the OpenSSL error queue
         * need APIs from OpenSSL 3.0.
         */
        ereport(isServerStart ? FATAL : LOG,
                errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIG_FILE_ERROR),
                errmsg("could not set group names specified in ssl_groups: %s",
                       SSLerrmessageExt(ERR_get_error(),
                                        _("No valid groups found"))),
                errhint("Ensure that each group name is spelled correctly and supported by the installed version of OpenSSL."));
        return false;
    }
#endif
 
    return true;
}
 
/*
 * Obtain reason string for passed SSL errcode with replacement
 *
 * The error message supplied in replacement will be used in case the error
 * code from OpenSSL is 0, else the error message from SSLerrmessage() will
 * be returned.
 *
 * Not all versions of OpenSSL place an error on the queue even for failing
 * operations, which will yield "no SSL error reported" by SSLerrmessage. This
 * function can be used to ensure that a proper error message is displayed for
 * versions reporting no error, while using the OpenSSL error via SSLerrmessage
 * for versions where there is one.
 */
static const char *
SSLerrmessageExt(unsigned long ecode, const char *replacement)
{
    if (ecode == 0)
        return replacement;
    else
        return SSLerrmessage(ecode);
}
 
/*
 * Obtain reason string for passed SSL errcode
 *
 * ERR_get_error() is used by caller to get errcode to pass here.
 *
 * Some caution is needed here since ERR_reason_error_string will return NULL
 * if it doesn't recognize the error code, or (in OpenSSL >= 3) if the code
 * represents a system errno value.  We don't want to return NULL ever.
 */
static const char *
SSLerrmessage(unsigned long ecode)
{
    const char *errreason;
    static char errbuf[36];
 
    if (ecode == 0)
        return _("no SSL error reported");
    errreason = ERR_reason_error_string(ecode);
    if (errreason != NULL)
        return errreason;
 
    /*
     * In OpenSSL 3.0.0 and later, ERR_reason_error_string does not map system
     * errno values anymore.  (See OpenSSL source code for the explanation.)
     * We can cover that shortcoming with this bit of code.  Older OpenSSL
     * versions don't have the ERR_SYSTEM_ERROR macro, but that's okay because
     * they don't have the shortcoming either.
     */
#ifdef ERR_SYSTEM_ERROR
    if (ERR_SYSTEM_ERROR(ecode))
        return strerror(ERR_GET_REASON(ecode));
#endif
 
    /* No choice but to report the numeric ecode */
    snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), _("SSL error code %lu"), ecode);
    return errbuf;
}
 
int
be_tls_get_cipher_bits(Port *port)
{
    int         bits;
 
    if (port->ssl)
    {
        SSL_get_cipher_bits(port->ssl, &bits);
        return bits;
    }
    else
        return 0;
}
 
const char *
be_tls_get_version(Port *port)
{
    if (port->ssl)
        return SSL_get_version(port->ssl);
    else
        return NULL;
}
 
const char *
be_tls_get_cipher(Port *port)
{
    if (port->ssl)
        return SSL_get_cipher(port->ssl);
    else
        return NULL;
}
 
void
be_tls_get_peer_subject_name(Port *port, char *ptr, size_t len)
{
    if (port->peer)
        strlcpy(ptr, X509_NAME_to_cstring(X509_get_subject_name(port->peer)), len);
    else
        ptr[0] = '\0';
}
 
void
be_tls_get_peer_issuer_name(Port *port, char *ptr, size_t len)
{
    if (port->peer)
        strlcpy(ptr, X509_NAME_to_cstring(X509_get_issuer_name(port->peer)), len);
    else
        ptr[0] = '\0';
}
 
void
be_tls_get_peer_serial(Port *port, char *ptr, size_t len)
{
    if (port->peer)
    {
        ASN1_INTEGER *serial;
        BIGNUM     *b;
        char       *decimal;
 
        serial = X509_get_serialNumber(port->peer);
        b = ASN1_INTEGER_to_BN(serial, NULL);
        decimal = BN_bn2dec(b);
 
        BN_free(b);
        strlcpy(ptr, decimal, len);
        OPENSSL_free(decimal);
    }
    else
        ptr[0] = '\0';
}
 
char *
be_tls_get_certificate_hash(Port *port, size_t *len)
{
    X509       *server_cert;
    char       *cert_hash;
    const EVP_MD *algo_type = NULL;
    unsigned char hash[EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE];    /* size for SHA-512 */
    unsigned int hash_size;
    int         algo_nid;
 
    *len = 0;
    server_cert = SSL_get_certificate(port->ssl);
    if (server_cert == NULL)
        return NULL;
 
    /*
     * Get the signature algorithm of the certificate to determine the hash
     * algorithm to use for the result.  Prefer X509_get_signature_info(),
     * introduced in OpenSSL 1.1.1, which can handle RSA-PSS signatures.
     */
#if HAVE_X509_GET_SIGNATURE_INFO
    if (!X509_get_signature_info(server_cert, &algo_nid, NULL, NULL, NULL))
#else
    if (!OBJ_find_sigid_algs(X509_get_signature_nid(server_cert),
                             &algo_nid, NULL))
#endif
        elog(ERROR, "could not determine server certificate signature algorithm");
 
    /*
     * The TLS server's certificate bytes need to be hashed with SHA-256 if
     * its signature algorithm is MD5 or SHA-1 as per RFC 5929
     * (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5929#section-4.1).  If something else
     * is used, the same hash as the signature algorithm is used.
     */
    switch (algo_nid)
    {
        case NID_md5:
        case NID_sha1:
            algo_type = EVP_sha256();
            break;
        default:
            algo_type = EVP_get_digestbynid(algo_nid);
            if (algo_type == NULL)
                elog(ERROR, "could not find digest for NID %s",
                     OBJ_nid2sn(algo_nid));
            break;
    }
 
    /* generate and save the certificate hash */
    if (!X509_digest(server_cert, algo_type, hash, &hash_size))
        elog(ERROR, "could not generate server certificate hash");
 
    cert_hash = palloc(hash_size);
    memcpy(cert_hash, hash, hash_size);
    *len = hash_size;
 
    return cert_hash;
}
 
/*
 * Convert an X509 subject name to a cstring.
 *
 */
static char *
X509_NAME_to_cstring(X509_NAME *name)
{
    BIO        *membuf = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
    int         i,
                nid,
                count = X509_NAME_entry_count(name);
    X509_NAME_ENTRY *e;
    ASN1_STRING *v;
    const char *field_name;
    size_t      size;
    char        nullterm;
    char       *sp;
    char       *dp;
    char       *result;
 
    if (membuf == NULL)
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
                 errmsg("could not create BIO")));
 
    (void) BIO_set_close(membuf, BIO_CLOSE);
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
    {
        e = X509_NAME_get_entry(name, i);
        nid = OBJ_obj2nid(X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object(e));
        if (nid == NID_undef)
            ereport(ERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
                     errmsg("could not get NID for ASN1_OBJECT object")));
        v = X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_data(e);
        field_name = OBJ_nid2sn(nid);
        if (field_name == NULL)
            field_name = OBJ_nid2ln(nid);
        if (field_name == NULL)
            ereport(ERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
                     errmsg("could not convert NID %d to an ASN1_OBJECT structure", nid)));
        BIO_printf(membuf, "/%s=", field_name);
        ASN1_STRING_print_ex(membuf, v,
                             ((ASN1_STRFLGS_RFC2253 & ~ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB)
                              | ASN1_STRFLGS_UTF8_CONVERT));
    }
 
    /* ensure null termination of the BIO's content */
    nullterm = '\0';
    BIO_write(membuf, &nullterm, 1);
    size = BIO_get_mem_data(membuf, &sp);
    dp = pg_any_to_server(sp, size - 1, PG_UTF8);
 
    result = pstrdup(dp);
    if (dp != sp)
        pfree(dp);
    if (BIO_free(membuf) != 1)
        elog(ERROR, "could not free OpenSSL BIO structure");
 
    return result;
}
 
/*
 * Convert TLS protocol version GUC enum to OpenSSL values
 *
 * This is a straightforward one-to-one mapping, but doing it this way makes
 * the definitions of ssl_min_protocol_version and ssl_max_protocol_version
 * independent of OpenSSL availability and version.
 *
 * If a version is passed that is not supported by the current OpenSSL
 * version, then we return -1.  If a nonnegative value is returned,
 * subsequent code can assume it's working with a supported version.
 *
 * Note: this is rather similar to libpq's routine in fe-secure-openssl.c,
 * so make sure to update both routines if changing this one.
 */
static int
ssl_protocol_version_to_openssl(int v)
{
    switch (v)
    {
        case PG_TLS_ANY:
            return 0;
        case PG_TLS1_VERSION:
            return TLS1_VERSION;
        case PG_TLS1_1_VERSION:
#ifdef TLS1_1_VERSION
            return TLS1_1_VERSION;
#else
            break;
#endif
        case PG_TLS1_2_VERSION:
#ifdef TLS1_2_VERSION
            return TLS1_2_VERSION;
#else
            break;
#endif
        case PG_TLS1_3_VERSION:
#ifdef TLS1_3_VERSION
            return TLS1_3_VERSION;
#else
            break;
#endif
    }
 
    return -1;
}
 
/*
 * Likewise provide a mapping to strings.
 */
static const char *
ssl_protocol_version_to_string(int v)
{
    switch (v)
    {
        case PG_TLS_ANY:
            return "any";
        case PG_TLS1_VERSION:
            return "TLSv1";
        case PG_TLS1_1_VERSION:
            return "TLSv1.1";
        case PG_TLS1_2_VERSION:
            return "TLSv1.2";
        case PG_TLS1_3_VERSION:
            return "TLSv1.3";
    }
 
    return "(unrecognized)";
}
 
static uint32
host_cache_pointer(const char *key)
{
    uint32      hash;
    char       *lkey = pstrdup(key);
    int         len = strlen(key);
 
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
        lkey[i] = pg_tolower(lkey[i]);
 
    hash = string_hash((const void *) lkey, len);
    pfree(lkey);
    return hash;
}
 
static void
default_openssl_tls_init(SSL_CTX *context, bool isServerStart)
{
    if (isServerStart)
    {
        if (ssl_passphrase_command[0])
        {
            SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb(context, ssl_external_passwd_cb);
            SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb_userdata(context, ssl_passphrase_command);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if (ssl_passphrase_command[0] && ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload)
        {
            SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb(context, ssl_external_passwd_cb);
            SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb_userdata(context, ssl_passphrase_command);
        }
        else
 
            /*
             * If reloading and no external command is configured, override
             * OpenSSL's default handling of passphrase-protected files,
             * because we don't want to prompt for a passphrase in an
             * already-running server.
             */
            SSL_CTX_set_default_passwd_cb(context, dummy_ssl_passwd_cb);
    }
}