option.c

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/*
 *  option.c
 *
 *  options functions
 *
 *  Copyright (c) 2010-2025, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 *  src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
 */
 
#include "postgres_fe.h"
 
#ifdef WIN32
#include <io.h>
#endif
 
#include "common/string.h"
#include "fe_utils/option_utils.h"
#include "getopt_long.h"
#include "pg_upgrade.h"
#include "utils/pidfile.h"
 
static void usage(void);
static void check_required_directory(char **dirpath,
                                     const char *envVarName, bool useCwd,
                                     const char *cmdLineOption, const char *description,
                                     bool missingOk);
#define FIX_DEFAULT_READ_ONLY "-c default_transaction_read_only=false"
 
 
UserOpts    user_opts;
 
 
/*
 * parseCommandLine()
 *
 *  Parses the command line (argc, argv[]) and loads structures
 */
void
parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    static struct option long_options[] = {
        {"old-datadir", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
        {"new-datadir", required_argument, NULL, 'D'},
        {"old-bindir", required_argument, NULL, 'b'},
        {"new-bindir", required_argument, NULL, 'B'},
        {"no-sync", no_argument, NULL, 'N'},
        {"old-options", required_argument, NULL, 'o'},
        {"new-options", required_argument, NULL, 'O'},
        {"old-port", required_argument, NULL, 'p'},
        {"new-port", required_argument, NULL, 'P'},
 
        {"username", required_argument, NULL, 'U'},
        {"check", no_argument, NULL, 'c'},
        {"link", no_argument, NULL, 'k'},
        {"retain", no_argument, NULL, 'r'},
        {"jobs", required_argument, NULL, 'j'},
        {"socketdir", required_argument, NULL, 's'},
        {"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
        {"clone", no_argument, NULL, 1},
        {"copy", no_argument, NULL, 2},
        {"copy-file-range", no_argument, NULL, 3},
        {"sync-method", required_argument, NULL, 4},
        {"no-statistics", no_argument, NULL, 5},
        {"set-char-signedness", required_argument, NULL, 6},
        {"swap", no_argument, NULL, 7},
 
        {NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
    };
    int         option;         /* Command line option */
    int         optindex = 0;   /* used by getopt_long */
    int         os_user_effective_id;
    DataDirSyncMethod unused;
 
    user_opts.do_sync = true;
    user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;
    user_opts.do_statistics = true;
    user_opts.char_signedness = -1;
 
    os_info.progname = get_progname(argv[0]);
 
    /* Process libpq env. variables; load values here for usage() output */
    old_cluster.port = getenv("PGPORTOLD") ? atoi(getenv("PGPORTOLD")) : DEF_PGUPORT;
    new_cluster.port = getenv("PGPORTNEW") ? atoi(getenv("PGPORTNEW")) : DEF_PGUPORT;
 
    os_user_effective_id = get_user_info(&os_info.user);
    /* we override just the database user name;  we got the OS id above */
    if (getenv("PGUSER"))
    {
        pg_free(os_info.user);
        /* must save value, getenv()'s pointer is not stable */
        os_info.user = pg_strdup(getenv("PGUSER"));
    }
 
    if (argc > 1)
    {
        if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
        {
            usage();
            exit(0);
        }
        if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
        {
            puts("pg_upgrade (PostgreSQL) " PG_VERSION);
            exit(0);
        }
    }
 
    /* Allow help and version to be run as root, so do the test here. */
    if (os_user_effective_id == 0)
        pg_fatal("%s: cannot be run as root", os_info.progname);
 
    while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "b:B:cd:D:j:kNo:O:p:P:rs:U:v",
                                 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
    {
        switch (option)
        {
            case 'b':
                old_cluster.bindir = pg_strdup(optarg);
                break;
 
            case 'B':
                new_cluster.bindir = pg_strdup(optarg);
                break;
 
            case 'c':
                user_opts.check = true;
                break;
 
            case 'd':
                old_cluster.pgdata = pg_strdup(optarg);
                break;
 
            case 'D':
                new_cluster.pgdata = pg_strdup(optarg);
                break;
 
            case 'j':
                user_opts.jobs = atoi(optarg);
                break;
 
            case 'k':
                user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_LINK;
                break;
 
            case 'N':
                user_opts.do_sync = false;
                break;
 
            case 'o':
                /* append option? */
                if (!old_cluster.pgopts)
                    old_cluster.pgopts = pg_strdup(optarg);
                else
                {
                    char       *old_pgopts = old_cluster.pgopts;
 
                    old_cluster.pgopts = psprintf("%s %s", old_pgopts, optarg);
                    free(old_pgopts);
                }
                break;
 
            case 'O':
                /* append option? */
                if (!new_cluster.pgopts)
                    new_cluster.pgopts = pg_strdup(optarg);
                else
                {
                    char       *new_pgopts = new_cluster.pgopts;
 
                    new_cluster.pgopts = psprintf("%s %s", new_pgopts, optarg);
                    free(new_pgopts);
                }
                break;
 
            case 'p':
                if ((old_cluster.port = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
                    pg_fatal("invalid old port number");
                break;
 
            case 'P':
                if ((new_cluster.port = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
                    pg_fatal("invalid new port number");
                break;
 
            case 'r':
                log_opts.retain = true;
                break;
 
            case 's':
                user_opts.socketdir = pg_strdup(optarg);
                break;
 
            case 'U':
                pg_free(os_info.user);
                os_info.user = pg_strdup(optarg);
                os_info.user_specified = true;
                break;
 
            case 'v':
                log_opts.verbose = true;
                break;
 
            case 1:
                user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_CLONE;
                break;
 
            case 2:
                user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;
                break;
 
            case 3:
                user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY_FILE_RANGE;
                break;
            case 4:
                if (!parse_sync_method(optarg, &unused))
                    exit(1);
                user_opts.sync_method = pg_strdup(optarg);
                break;
 
            case 5:
                user_opts.do_statistics = false;
                break;
 
            case 6:
                if (pg_strcasecmp(optarg, "signed") == 0)
                    user_opts.char_signedness = 1;
                else if (pg_strcasecmp(optarg, "unsigned") == 0)
                    user_opts.char_signedness = 0;
                else
                    pg_fatal("invalid argument for option %s", "--set-char-signedness");
                break;
 
            case 7:
                user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_SWAP;
                break;
 
            default:
                fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
                        os_info.progname);
                exit(1);
        }
    }
 
    if (optind < argc)
        pg_fatal("too many command-line arguments (first is \"%s\")", argv[optind]);
 
    if (!user_opts.sync_method)
        user_opts.sync_method = pg_strdup("fsync");
 
    if (log_opts.verbose)
        pg_log(PG_REPORT, "Running in verbose mode");
 
    log_opts.isatty = isatty(fileno(stdout));
 
    /* Turn off read-only mode;  add prefix to PGOPTIONS? */
    if (getenv("PGOPTIONS"))
    {
        char       *pgoptions = psprintf("%s %s", FIX_DEFAULT_READ_ONLY,
                                         getenv("PGOPTIONS"));
 
        setenv("PGOPTIONS", pgoptions, 1);
        pfree(pgoptions);
    }
    else
        setenv("PGOPTIONS", FIX_DEFAULT_READ_ONLY, 1);
 
    /* Get values from env if not already set */
    check_required_directory(&old_cluster.bindir, "PGBINOLD", false,
                             "-b", _("old cluster binaries reside"), false);
    check_required_directory(&new_cluster.bindir, "PGBINNEW", false,
                             "-B", _("new cluster binaries reside"), true);
    check_required_directory(&old_cluster.pgdata, "PGDATAOLD", false,
                             "-d", _("old cluster data resides"), false);
    check_required_directory(&new_cluster.pgdata, "PGDATANEW", false,
                             "-D", _("new cluster data resides"), false);
    check_required_directory(&user_opts.socketdir, "PGSOCKETDIR", true,
                             "-s", _("sockets will be created"), false);
 
#ifdef WIN32
 
    /*
     * On Windows, initdb --sync-only will fail with a "Permission denied"
     * error on file pg_upgrade_utility.log if pg_upgrade is run inside the
     * new cluster directory, so we do a check here.
     */
    {
        char        cwd[MAXPGPATH],
                    new_cluster_pgdata[MAXPGPATH];
 
        strlcpy(new_cluster_pgdata, new_cluster.pgdata, MAXPGPATH);
        canonicalize_path(new_cluster_pgdata);
 
        if (!getcwd(cwd, MAXPGPATH))
            pg_fatal("could not determine current directory");
        canonicalize_path(cwd);
        if (path_is_prefix_of_path(new_cluster_pgdata, cwd))
            pg_fatal("cannot run pg_upgrade from inside the new cluster data directory on Windows");
    }
#endif
}
 
 
static void
usage(void)
{
    printf(_("pg_upgrade upgrades a PostgreSQL cluster to a different major version.\n\n"));
    printf(_("Usage:\n"));
    printf(_("  pg_upgrade [OPTION]...\n\n"));
    printf(_("Options:\n"));
    printf(_("  -b, --old-bindir=BINDIR       old cluster executable directory\n"));
    printf(_("  -B, --new-bindir=BINDIR       new cluster executable directory (default\n"
             "                                same directory as pg_upgrade)\n"));
    printf(_("  -c, --check                   check clusters only, don't change any data\n"));
    printf(_("  -d, --old-datadir=DATADIR     old cluster data directory\n"));
    printf(_("  -D, --new-datadir=DATADIR     new cluster data directory\n"));
    printf(_("  -j, --jobs=NUM                number of simultaneous processes or threads to use\n"));
    printf(_("  -k, --link                    link instead of copying files to new cluster\n"));
    printf(_("  -N, --no-sync                 do not wait for changes to be written safely to disk\n"));
    printf(_("  -o, --old-options=OPTIONS     old cluster options to pass to the server\n"));
    printf(_("  -O, --new-options=OPTIONS     new cluster options to pass to the server\n"));
    printf(_("  -p, --old-port=PORT           old cluster port number (default %d)\n"), old_cluster.port);
    printf(_("  -P, --new-port=PORT           new cluster port number (default %d)\n"), new_cluster.port);
    printf(_("  -r, --retain                  retain SQL and log files after success\n"));
    printf(_("  -s, --socketdir=DIR           socket directory to use (default current dir.)\n"));
    printf(_("  -U, --username=NAME           cluster superuser (default \"%s\")\n"), os_info.user);
    printf(_("  -v, --verbose                 enable verbose internal logging\n"));
    printf(_("  -V, --version                 display version information, then exit\n"));
    printf(_("  --clone                       clone instead of copying files to new cluster\n"));
    printf(_("  --copy                        copy files to new cluster (default)\n"));
    printf(_("  --copy-file-range             copy files to new cluster with copy_file_range\n"));
    printf(_("  --no-statistics               do not import statistics from old cluster\n"));
    printf(_("  --set-char-signedness=OPTION  set new cluster char signedness to \"signed\" or\n"
             "                                \"unsigned\"\n"));
    printf(_("  --swap                        move data directories to new cluster\n"));
    printf(_("  --sync-method=METHOD          set method for syncing files to disk\n"));
    printf(_("  -?, --help                    show this help, then exit\n"));
    printf(_("\n"
             "Before running pg_upgrade you must:\n"
             "  create a new database cluster (using the new version of initdb)\n"
             "  shutdown the postmaster servicing the old cluster\n"
             "  shutdown the postmaster servicing the new cluster\n"));
    printf(_("\n"
             "When you run pg_upgrade, you must provide the following information:\n"
             "  the data directory for the old cluster  (-d DATADIR)\n"
             "  the data directory for the new cluster  (-D DATADIR)\n"
             "  the \"bin\" directory for the old version (-b BINDIR)\n"
             "  the \"bin\" directory for the new version (-B BINDIR)\n"));
    printf(_("\n"
             "For example:\n"
             "  pg_upgrade -d oldCluster/data -D newCluster/data -b oldCluster/bin -B newCluster/bin\n"
             "or\n"));
#ifndef WIN32
    printf(_("  $ export PGDATAOLD=oldCluster/data\n"
             "  $ export PGDATANEW=newCluster/data\n"
             "  $ export PGBINOLD=oldCluster/bin\n"
             "  $ export PGBINNEW=newCluster/bin\n"
             "  $ pg_upgrade\n"));
#else
    printf(_("  C:\\> set PGDATAOLD=oldCluster/data\n"
             "  C:\\> set PGDATANEW=newCluster/data\n"
             "  C:\\> set PGBINOLD=oldCluster/bin\n"
             "  C:\\> set PGBINNEW=newCluster/bin\n"
             "  C:\\> pg_upgrade\n"));
#endif
    printf(_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
    printf(_("%s home page: <%s>\n"), PACKAGE_NAME, PACKAGE_URL);
}
 
 
/*
 * check_required_directory()
 *
 * Checks a directory option.
 *  dirpath       - the directory name supplied on the command line, or NULL
 *  envVarName    - the name of an environment variable to get if dirpath is NULL
 *  useCwd        - true if OK to default to CWD
 *  cmdLineOption - the command line option for this directory
 *  description   - a description of this directory option
 *  missingOk     - true if OK that both dirpath and envVarName are not existing
 *
 * We use the last two arguments to construct a meaningful error message if the
 * user hasn't provided the required directory name.
 */
static void
check_required_directory(char **dirpath, const char *envVarName, bool useCwd,
                         const char *cmdLineOption, const char *description,
                         bool missingOk)
{
    if (*dirpath == NULL || strlen(*dirpath) == 0)
    {
        const char *envVar;
 
        if ((envVar = getenv(envVarName)) && strlen(envVar))
            *dirpath = pg_strdup(envVar);
        else if (useCwd)
        {
            char        cwd[MAXPGPATH];
 
            if (!getcwd(cwd, MAXPGPATH))
                pg_fatal("could not determine current directory");
            *dirpath = pg_strdup(cwd);
        }
        else if (missingOk)
            return;
        else
            pg_fatal("You must identify the directory where the %s.\n"
                     "Please use the %s command-line option or the %s environment variable.",
                     description, cmdLineOption, envVarName);
    }
 
    /*
     * Clean up the path, in particular trimming any trailing path separators,
     * because we construct paths by appending to this path.
     */
    canonicalize_path(*dirpath);
}
 
/*
 * adjust_data_dir
 *
 * If a configuration-only directory was specified, find the real data dir
 * by querying the running server.  This has limited checking because we
 * can't check for a running server because we can't find postmaster.pid.
 *
 * On entry, cluster->pgdata has been set from command line or env variable,
 * but cluster->pgconfig isn't set.  We fill both variables with corrected
 * values.
 */
void
adjust_data_dir(ClusterInfo *cluster)
{
    char        filename[MAXPGPATH];
    char        cmd[MAXPGPATH],
                cmd_output[MAX_STRING];
    FILE       *fp,
               *output;
    int         rc;
 
    /* Initially assume config dir and data dir are the same */
    cluster->pgconfig = pg_strdup(cluster->pgdata);
 
    /* If there is no postgresql.conf, it can't be a config-only dir */
    snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/postgresql.conf", cluster->pgconfig);
    if ((fp = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL)
        return;
    fclose(fp);
 
    /* If PG_VERSION exists, it can't be a config-only dir */
    snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/PG_VERSION", cluster->pgconfig);
    if ((fp = fopen(filename, "r")) != NULL)
    {
        fclose(fp);
        return;
    }
 
    /* Must be a configuration directory, so find the real data directory. */
 
    if (cluster == &old_cluster)
        prep_status("Finding the real data directory for the source cluster");
    else
        prep_status("Finding the real data directory for the target cluster");
 
    /*
     * We don't have a data directory yet, so we can't check the PG version,
     * so this might fail --- only works for PG 9.2+.   If this fails,
     * pg_upgrade will fail anyway because the data files will not be found.
     */
    snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "\"%s/postgres\" -D \"%s\" -C data_directory",
             cluster->bindir, cluster->pgconfig);
    fflush(NULL);
 
    if ((output = popen(cmd, "r")) == NULL ||
        fgets(cmd_output, sizeof(cmd_output), output) == NULL)
        pg_fatal("could not get data directory using %s: %m", cmd);
 
    rc = pclose(output);
    if (rc != 0)
        pg_fatal("could not get data directory using %s: %s",
                 cmd, wait_result_to_str(rc));
 
    /* strip trailing newline and carriage return */
    (void) pg_strip_crlf(cmd_output);
 
    cluster->pgdata = pg_strdup(cmd_output);
 
    check_ok();
}
 
 
/*
 * get_sock_dir
 *
 * Identify the socket directory to use for this cluster.  If we're doing
 * a live check (old cluster only), we need to find out where the postmaster
 * is listening.  Otherwise, we're going to put the socket into the current
 * directory.
 */
void
get_sock_dir(ClusterInfo *cluster)
{
#if !defined(WIN32)
    if (!user_opts.live_check || cluster == &new_cluster)
        cluster->sockdir = user_opts.socketdir;
    else
    {
        /*
         * If we are doing a live check, we will use the old cluster's Unix
         * domain socket directory so we can connect to the live server.
         */
        unsigned short orig_port = cluster->port;
        char        filename[MAXPGPATH],
                    line[MAXPGPATH];
        FILE       *fp;
        int         lineno;
 
        snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/postmaster.pid",
                 cluster->pgdata);
        if ((fp = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL)
            pg_fatal("could not open file \"%s\": %m", filename);
 
        for (lineno = 1;
             lineno <= Max(LOCK_FILE_LINE_PORT, LOCK_FILE_LINE_SOCKET_DIR);
             lineno++)
        {
            if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp) == NULL)
                pg_fatal("could not read line %d from file \"%s\": %m",
                         lineno, filename);
 
            /* potentially overwrite user-supplied value */
            if (lineno == LOCK_FILE_LINE_PORT)
                sscanf(line, "%hu", &old_cluster.port);
            if (lineno == LOCK_FILE_LINE_SOCKET_DIR)
            {
                /* strip trailing newline and carriage return */
                cluster->sockdir = pg_strdup(line);
                (void) pg_strip_crlf(cluster->sockdir);
            }
        }
        fclose(fp);
 
        /* warn of port number correction */
        if (orig_port != DEF_PGUPORT && old_cluster.port != orig_port)
            pg_log(PG_WARNING, "user-supplied old port number %hu corrected to %hu",
                   orig_port, cluster->port);
    }
#else                           /* WIN32 */
    cluster->sockdir = NULL;
#endif
}