option.c

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/*
 *  option.c
 *
 *  options functions
 *
 *  Copyright (c) 2010-2021, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 *  src/bin/pg_upgrade/option.c
 */

#include "postgres_fe.h"

#include <time.h>
#ifdef WIN32
#include <io.h>
#endif

#include "common/string.h"
#include "getopt_long.h"
#include "pg_upgrade.h"
#include "utils/pidfile.h"

static void usage(void);
static void check_required_directory(char **dirpath,
                                     const char *envVarName, bool useCwd,
                                     const char *cmdLineOption, const char *description,
                                     bool missingOk);
#define FIX_DEFAULT_READ_ONLY "-c default_transaction_read_only=false"


UserOpts    user_opts;


/*
 * parseCommandLine()
 *
 *  Parses the command line (argc, argv[]) and loads structures
 */
void
parseCommandLine(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    static struct option long_options[] = {
        {"old-datadir", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
        {"new-datadir", required_argument, NULL, 'D'},
        {"old-bindir", required_argument, NULL, 'b'},
        {"new-bindir", required_argument, NULL, 'B'},
        {"old-options", required_argument, NULL, 'o'},
        {"new-options", required_argument, NULL, 'O'},
        {"old-port", required_argument, NULL, 'p'},
        {"new-port", required_argument, NULL, 'P'},

        {"username", required_argument, NULL, 'U'},
        {"check", no_argument, NULL, 'c'},
        {"link", no_argument, NULL, 'k'},
        {"retain", no_argument, NULL, 'r'},
        {"jobs", required_argument, NULL, 'j'},
        {"socketdir", required_argument, NULL, 's'},
        {"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
        {"clone", no_argument, NULL, 1},
        {"index-collation-versions-unknown", no_argument, NULL, 2},

        {NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
    };
    int         option;         /* Command line option */
    int         optindex = 0;   /* used by getopt_long */
    int         os_user_effective_id;
    FILE       *fp;
    char      **filename;
    time_t      run_time = time(NULL);

    user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_COPY;

    os_info.progname = get_progname(argv[0]);

    /* Process libpq env. variables; load values here for usage() output */
    old_cluster.port = getenv("PGPORTOLD") ? atoi(getenv("PGPORTOLD")) : DEF_PGUPORT;
    new_cluster.port = getenv("PGPORTNEW") ? atoi(getenv("PGPORTNEW")) : DEF_PGUPORT;

    os_user_effective_id = get_user_info(&os_info.user);
    /* we override just the database user name;  we got the OS id above */
    if (getenv("PGUSER"))
    {
        pg_free(os_info.user);
        /* must save value, getenv()'s pointer is not stable */
        os_info.user = pg_strdup(getenv("PGUSER"));
    }

    if (argc > 1)
    {
        if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
        {
            usage();
            exit(0);
        }
        if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
        {
            puts("pg_upgrade (PostgreSQL) " PG_VERSION);
            exit(0);
        }
    }

    /* Allow help and version to be run as root, so do the test here. */
    if (os_user_effective_id == 0)
        pg_fatal("%s: cannot be run as root\n", os_info.progname);

    while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "d:D:b:B:cj:ko:O:p:P:rs:U:v",
                                 long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
    {
        switch (option)
        {
            case 'b':
                old_cluster.bindir = pg_strdup(optarg);
                break;

            case 'B':
                new_cluster.bindir = pg_strdup(optarg);
                break;

            case 'c':
                user_opts.check = true;
                break;

            case 'd':
                old_cluster.pgdata = pg_strdup(optarg);
                break;

            case 'D':
                new_cluster.pgdata = pg_strdup(optarg);
                break;

            case 'j':
                user_opts.jobs = atoi(optarg);
                break;

            case 'k':
                user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_LINK;
                break;

            case 'o':
                /* append option? */
                if (!old_cluster.pgopts)
                    old_cluster.pgopts = pg_strdup(optarg);
                else
                {
                    char       *old_pgopts = old_cluster.pgopts;

                    old_cluster.pgopts = psprintf("%s %s", old_pgopts, optarg);
                    free(old_pgopts);
                }
                break;

            case 'O':
                /* append option? */
                if (!new_cluster.pgopts)
                    new_cluster.pgopts = pg_strdup(optarg);
                else
                {
                    char       *new_pgopts = new_cluster.pgopts;

                    new_cluster.pgopts = psprintf("%s %s", new_pgopts, optarg);
                    free(new_pgopts);
                }
                break;

                /*
                 * Someday, the port number option could be removed and passed
                 * using -o/-O, but that requires postmaster -C to be
                 * supported on all old/new versions (added in PG 9.2).
                 */
            case 'p':
                if ((old_cluster.port = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
                    pg_fatal("invalid old port number\n");
                break;

            case 'P':
                if ((new_cluster.port = atoi(optarg)) <= 0)
                    pg_fatal("invalid new port number\n");
                break;

            case 'r':
                log_opts.retain = true;
                break;

            case 's':
                user_opts.socketdir = pg_strdup(optarg);
                break;

            case 'U':
                pg_free(os_info.user);
                os_info.user = pg_strdup(optarg);
                os_info.user_specified = true;

                /*
                 * Push the user name into the environment so pre-9.1
                 * pg_ctl/libpq uses it.
                 */
                setenv("PGUSER", os_info.user, 1);
                break;

            case 'v':
                log_opts.verbose = true;
                break;

            case 1:
                user_opts.transfer_mode = TRANSFER_MODE_CLONE;
                break;

            case 2:
                user_opts.ind_coll_unknown = true;
                break;

            default:
                fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"),
                        os_info.progname);
                exit(1);
        }
    }

    if (optind < argc)
        pg_fatal("too many command-line arguments (first is \"%s\")\n", argv[optind]);

    if ((log_opts.internal = fopen_priv(INTERNAL_LOG_FILE, "a")) == NULL)
        pg_fatal("could not open log file \"%s\": %m\n", INTERNAL_LOG_FILE);

    if (log_opts.verbose)
        pg_log(PG_REPORT, "Running in verbose mode\n");

    /* label start of upgrade in logfiles */
    for (filename = output_files; *filename != NULL; filename++)
    {
        if ((fp = fopen_priv(*filename, "a")) == NULL)
            pg_fatal("could not write to log file \"%s\": %m\n", *filename);

        /* Start with newline because we might be appending to a file. */
        fprintf(fp, "\n"
                "-----------------------------------------------------------------\n"
                "  pg_upgrade run on %s"
                "-----------------------------------------------------------------\n\n",
                ctime(&run_time));
        fclose(fp);
    }

    /* Turn off read-only mode;  add prefix to PGOPTIONS? */
    if (getenv("PGOPTIONS"))
    {
        char       *pgoptions = psprintf("%s %s", FIX_DEFAULT_READ_ONLY,
                                         getenv("PGOPTIONS"));

        setenv("PGOPTIONS", pgoptions, 1);
        pfree(pgoptions);
    }
    else
        setenv("PGOPTIONS", FIX_DEFAULT_READ_ONLY, 1);

    /* Get values from env if not already set */
    check_required_directory(&old_cluster.bindir, "PGBINOLD", false,
                             "-b", _("old cluster binaries reside"), false);
    check_required_directory(&new_cluster.bindir, "PGBINNEW", false,
                             "-B", _("new cluster binaries reside"), true);
    check_required_directory(&old_cluster.pgdata, "PGDATAOLD", false,
                             "-d", _("old cluster data resides"), false);
    check_required_directory(&new_cluster.pgdata, "PGDATANEW", false,
                             "-D", _("new cluster data resides"), false);
    check_required_directory(&user_opts.socketdir, "PGSOCKETDIR", true,
                             "-s", _("sockets will be created"), false);

#ifdef WIN32

    /*
     * On Windows, initdb --sync-only will fail with a "Permission denied"
     * error on file pg_upgrade_utility.log if pg_upgrade is run inside the
     * new cluster directory, so we do a check here.
     */
    {
        char        cwd[MAXPGPATH],
                    new_cluster_pgdata[MAXPGPATH];

        strlcpy(new_cluster_pgdata, new_cluster.pgdata, MAXPGPATH);
        canonicalize_path(new_cluster_pgdata);

        if (!getcwd(cwd, MAXPGPATH))
            pg_fatal("could not determine current directory\n");
        canonicalize_path(cwd);
        if (path_is_prefix_of_path(new_cluster_pgdata, cwd))
            pg_fatal("cannot run pg_upgrade from inside the new cluster data directory on Windows\n");
    }
#endif
}


static void
usage(void)
{
    printf(_("pg_upgrade upgrades a PostgreSQL cluster to a different major version.\n\n"));
    printf(_("Usage:\n"));
    printf(_("  pg_upgrade [OPTION]...\n\n"));
    printf(_("Options:\n"));
    printf(_("  -b, --old-bindir=BINDIR       old cluster executable directory\n"));
    printf(_("  -B, --new-bindir=BINDIR       new cluster executable directory (default\n"
             "                                same directory as pg_upgrade)\n"));
    printf(_("  -c, --check                   check clusters only, don't change any data\n"));
    printf(_("  -d, --old-datadir=DATADIR     old cluster data directory\n"));
    printf(_("  -D, --new-datadir=DATADIR     new cluster data directory\n"));
    printf(_("  -j, --jobs=NUM                number of simultaneous processes or threads to use\n"));
    printf(_("  -k, --link                    link instead of copying files to new cluster\n"));
    printf(_("  -o, --old-options=OPTIONS     old cluster options to pass to the server\n"));
    printf(_("  -O, --new-options=OPTIONS     new cluster options to pass to the server\n"));
    printf(_("  -p, --old-port=PORT           old cluster port number (default %d)\n"), old_cluster.port);
    printf(_("  -P, --new-port=PORT           new cluster port number (default %d)\n"), new_cluster.port);
    printf(_("  -r, --retain                  retain SQL and log files after success\n"));
    printf(_("  -s, --socketdir=DIR           socket directory to use (default current dir.)\n"));
    printf(_("  -U, --username=NAME           cluster superuser (default \"%s\")\n"), os_info.user);
    printf(_("  -v, --verbose                 enable verbose internal logging\n"));
    printf(_("  -V, --version                 display version information, then exit\n"));
    printf(_("  --clone                       clone instead of copying files to new cluster\n"));
    printf(_("  --index-collation-versions-unknown\n"));
    printf(_("                                mark text indexes as needing to be rebuilt\n"));
    printf(_("  -?, --help                    show this help, then exit\n"));
    printf(_("\n"
             "Before running pg_upgrade you must:\n"
             "  create a new database cluster (using the new version of initdb)\n"
             "  shutdown the postmaster servicing the old cluster\n"
             "  shutdown the postmaster servicing the new cluster\n"));
    printf(_("\n"
             "When you run pg_upgrade, you must provide the following information:\n"
             "  the data directory for the old cluster  (-d DATADIR)\n"
             "  the data directory for the new cluster  (-D DATADIR)\n"
             "  the \"bin\" directory for the old version (-b BINDIR)\n"
             "  the \"bin\" directory for the new version (-B BINDIR)\n"));
    printf(_("\n"
             "For example:\n"
             "  pg_upgrade -d oldCluster/data -D newCluster/data -b oldCluster/bin -B newCluster/bin\n"
             "or\n"));
#ifndef WIN32
    printf(_("  $ export PGDATAOLD=oldCluster/data\n"
             "  $ export PGDATANEW=newCluster/data\n"
             "  $ export PGBINOLD=oldCluster/bin\n"
             "  $ export PGBINNEW=newCluster/bin\n"
             "  $ pg_upgrade\n"));
#else
    printf(_("  C:\\> set PGDATAOLD=oldCluster/data\n"
             "  C:\\> set PGDATANEW=newCluster/data\n"
             "  C:\\> set PGBINOLD=oldCluster/bin\n"
             "  C:\\> set PGBINNEW=newCluster/bin\n"
             "  C:\\> pg_upgrade\n"));
#endif
    printf(_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
    printf(_("%s home page: <%s>\n"), PACKAGE_NAME, PACKAGE_URL);
}


/*
 * check_required_directory()
 *
 * Checks a directory option.
 *  dirpath       - the directory name supplied on the command line, or NULL
 *  envVarName    - the name of an environment variable to get if dirpath is NULL
 *  useCwd        - true if OK to default to CWD
 *  cmdLineOption - the command line option for this directory
 *  description   - a description of this directory option
 *  missingOk     - true if OK that both dirpath and envVarName are not existing
 *
 * We use the last two arguments to construct a meaningful error message if the
 * user hasn't provided the required directory name.
 */
static void
check_required_directory(char **dirpath, const char *envVarName, bool useCwd,
                         const char *cmdLineOption, const char *description,
                         bool missingOk)
{
    if (*dirpath == NULL || strlen(*dirpath) == 0)
    {
        const char *envVar;

        if ((envVar = getenv(envVarName)) && strlen(envVar))
            *dirpath = pg_strdup(envVar);
        else if (useCwd)
        {
            char        cwd[MAXPGPATH];

            if (!getcwd(cwd, MAXPGPATH))
                pg_fatal("could not determine current directory\n");
            *dirpath = pg_strdup(cwd);
        }
        else if (missingOk)
            return;
        else
            pg_fatal("You must identify the directory where the %s.\n"
                     "Please use the %s command-line option or the %s environment variable.\n",
                     description, cmdLineOption, envVarName);
    }

    /*
     * Clean up the path, in particular trimming any trailing path separators,
     * because we construct paths by appending to this path.
     */
    canonicalize_path(*dirpath);
}

/*
 * adjust_data_dir
 *
 * If a configuration-only directory was specified, find the real data dir
 * by querying the running server.  This has limited checking because we
 * can't check for a running server because we can't find postmaster.pid.
 *
 * On entry, cluster->pgdata has been set from command line or env variable,
 * but cluster->pgconfig isn't set.  We fill both variables with corrected
 * values.
 */
void
adjust_data_dir(ClusterInfo *cluster)
{
    char        filename[MAXPGPATH];
    char        cmd[MAXPGPATH],
                cmd_output[MAX_STRING];
    FILE       *fp,
               *output;

    /* Initially assume config dir and data dir are the same */
    cluster->pgconfig = pg_strdup(cluster->pgdata);

    /* If there is no postgresql.conf, it can't be a config-only dir */
    snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/postgresql.conf", cluster->pgconfig);
    if ((fp = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL)
        return;
    fclose(fp);

    /* If PG_VERSION exists, it can't be a config-only dir */
    snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/PG_VERSION", cluster->pgconfig);
    if ((fp = fopen(filename, "r")) != NULL)
    {
        fclose(fp);
        return;
    }

    /* Must be a configuration directory, so find the real data directory. */

    if (cluster == &old_cluster)
        prep_status("Finding the real data directory for the source cluster");
    else
        prep_status("Finding the real data directory for the target cluster");

    /*
     * We don't have a data directory yet, so we can't check the PG version,
     * so this might fail --- only works for PG 9.2+.   If this fails,
     * pg_upgrade will fail anyway because the data files will not be found.
     */
    snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "\"%s/postgres\" -D \"%s\" -C data_directory",
             cluster->bindir, cluster->pgconfig);

    if ((output = popen(cmd, "r")) == NULL ||
        fgets(cmd_output, sizeof(cmd_output), output) == NULL)
        pg_fatal("could not get data directory using %s: %s\n",
                 cmd, strerror(errno));

    pclose(output);

    /* strip trailing newline and carriage return */
    (void) pg_strip_crlf(cmd_output);

    cluster->pgdata = pg_strdup(cmd_output);

    check_ok();
}


/*
 * get_sock_dir
 *
 * Identify the socket directory to use for this cluster.  If we're doing
 * a live check (old cluster only), we need to find out where the postmaster
 * is listening.  Otherwise, we're going to put the socket into the current
 * directory.
 */
void
get_sock_dir(ClusterInfo *cluster, bool live_check)
{
#if defined(HAVE_UNIX_SOCKETS) && !defined(WIN32)

    /*
     * sockdir and port were added to postmaster.pid in PG 9.1. Pre-9.1 cannot
     * process pg_ctl -w for sockets in non-default locations.
     */
    if (GET_MAJOR_VERSION(cluster->major_version) >= 901)
    {
        if (!live_check)
            cluster->sockdir = user_opts.socketdir;
        else
        {
            /*
             * If we are doing a live check, we will use the old cluster's
             * Unix domain socket directory so we can connect to the live
             * server.
             */
            unsigned short orig_port = cluster->port;
            char        filename[MAXPGPATH],
                        line[MAXPGPATH];
            FILE       *fp;
            int         lineno;

            snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/postmaster.pid",
                     cluster->pgdata);
            if ((fp = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL)
                pg_fatal("could not open file \"%s\": %s\n",
                         filename, strerror(errno));

            for (lineno = 1;
                 lineno <= Max(LOCK_FILE_LINE_PORT, LOCK_FILE_LINE_SOCKET_DIR);
                 lineno++)
            {
                if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp) == NULL)
                    pg_fatal("could not read line %d from file \"%s\": %s\n",
                             lineno, filename, strerror(errno));

                /* potentially overwrite user-supplied value */
                if (lineno == LOCK_FILE_LINE_PORT)
                    sscanf(line, "%hu", &old_cluster.port);
                if (lineno == LOCK_FILE_LINE_SOCKET_DIR)
                {
                    /* strip trailing newline and carriage return */
                    cluster->sockdir = pg_strdup(line);
                    (void) pg_strip_crlf(cluster->sockdir);
                }
            }
            fclose(fp);

            /* warn of port number correction */
            if (orig_port != DEF_PGUPORT && old_cluster.port != orig_port)
                pg_log(PG_WARNING, "user-supplied old port number %hu corrected to %hu\n",
                       orig_port, cluster->port);
        }
    }
    else

        /*
         * Can't get sockdir and pg_ctl -w can't use a non-default, use
         * default
         */
        cluster->sockdir = NULL;
#else                           /* !HAVE_UNIX_SOCKETS || WIN32 */
    cluster->sockdir = NULL;
#endif
}