uavc.c

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/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * contrib/sepgsql/uavc.c
 *
 * Implementation of userspace access vector cache; that enables to cache
 * access control decisions recently used, and reduce number of kernel
 * invocations to avoid unnecessary performance hit.
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2011-2019, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 *
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#include "postgres.h"

#include "catalog/pg_proc.h"
#include "commands/seclabel.h"
#include "storage/ipc.h"
#include "utils/guc.h"
#include "utils/hashutils.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"

#include "sepgsql.h"

/*
 * avc_cache
 *
 * It enables to cache access control decision (and behavior on execution of
 * trusted procedure, db_procedure class only) for a particular pair of
 * security labels and object class in userspace.
 */
typedef struct
{
    uint32      hash;           /* hash value of this cache entry */
    char       *scontext;       /* security context of the subject */
    char       *tcontext;       /* security context of the target */
    uint16      tclass;         /* object class of the target */

    uint32      allowed;        /* permissions to be allowed */
    uint32      auditallow;     /* permissions to be audited on allowed */
    uint32      auditdeny;      /* permissions to be audited on denied */

    bool        permissive;     /* true, if permissive rule */
    bool        hot_cache;      /* true, if recently referenced */
    bool        tcontext_is_valid;
    /* true, if tcontext is valid */
    char       *ncontext;       /* temporary scontext on execution of trusted
                                 * procedure, or NULL elsewhere */
}           avc_cache;

/*
 * Declaration of static variables
 */
#define AVC_NUM_SLOTS       512
#define AVC_NUM_RECLAIM     16
#define AVC_DEF_THRESHOLD   384

static MemoryContext avc_mem_cxt;
static List *avc_slots[AVC_NUM_SLOTS];  /* avc's hash buckets */
static int  avc_num_caches;     /* number of caches currently used */
static int  avc_lru_hint;       /* index of the buckets to be reclaimed next */
static int  avc_threshold;      /* threshold to launch cache-reclaiming  */
static char *avc_unlabeled;     /* system 'unlabeled' label */

/*
 * Hash function
 */
static uint32
sepgsql_avc_hash(const char *scontext, const char *tcontext, uint16 tclass)
{
    return hash_any((const unsigned char *) scontext, strlen(scontext))
        ^ hash_any((const unsigned char *) tcontext, strlen(tcontext))
        ^ tclass;
}

/*
 * Reset all the avc caches
 */
static void
sepgsql_avc_reset(void)
{
    MemoryContextReset(avc_mem_cxt);

    memset(avc_slots, 0, sizeof(List *) * AVC_NUM_SLOTS);
    avc_num_caches = 0;
    avc_lru_hint = 0;
    avc_unlabeled = NULL;
}

/*
 * Reclaim caches recently unreferenced
 */
static void
sepgsql_avc_reclaim(void)
{
    ListCell   *cell;
    int         index;

    while (avc_num_caches >= avc_threshold - AVC_NUM_RECLAIM)
    {
        index = avc_lru_hint;

        foreach(cell, avc_slots[index])
        {
            avc_cache  *cache = lfirst(cell);

            if (!cache->hot_cache)
            {
                avc_slots[index]
                    = foreach_delete_current(avc_slots[index], cell);

                pfree(cache->scontext);
                pfree(cache->tcontext);
                if (cache->ncontext)
                    pfree(cache->ncontext);
                pfree(cache);

                avc_num_caches--;
            }
            else
            {
                cache->hot_cache = false;
            }
        }
        avc_lru_hint = (avc_lru_hint + 1) % AVC_NUM_SLOTS;
    }
}

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * sepgsql_avc_check_valid
 *
 * This function checks whether the cached entries are still valid.  If
 * the security policy has been reloaded (or any other events that requires
 * resetting userspace caches has occurred) since the last reference to
 * the access vector cache, we must flush the cache.
 *
 * Access control decisions must be atomic, but multiple system calls may
 * be required to make a decision; thus, when referencing the access vector
 * cache, we must loop until we complete without an intervening cache flush
 * event.  In practice, looping even once should be very rare.  Callers should
 * do something like this:
 *
 *   sepgsql_avc_check_valid();
 *   do {
 *           :
 *       <reference to uavc>
 *           :
 *   } while (!sepgsql_avc_check_valid())
 *
 * -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static bool
sepgsql_avc_check_valid(void)
{
    if (selinux_status_updated() > 0)
    {
        sepgsql_avc_reset();

        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

/*
 * sepgsql_avc_unlabeled
 *
 * Returns an alternative label to be applied when no label or an invalid
 * label would otherwise be assigned.
 */
static char *
sepgsql_avc_unlabeled(void)
{
    if (!avc_unlabeled)
    {
        security_context_t unlabeled;

        if (security_get_initial_context_raw("unlabeled", &unlabeled) < 0)
            ereport(ERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR),
                     errmsg("SELinux: failed to get initial security label: %m")));
        PG_TRY();
        {
            avc_unlabeled = MemoryContextStrdup(avc_mem_cxt, unlabeled);
        }
        PG_CATCH();
        {
            freecon(unlabeled);
            PG_RE_THROW();
        }
        PG_END_TRY();

        freecon(unlabeled);
    }
    return avc_unlabeled;
}

/*
 * sepgsql_avc_compute
 *
 * A fallback path, when cache mishit. It asks SELinux its access control
 * decision for the supplied pair of security context and object class.
 */
static avc_cache *
sepgsql_avc_compute(const char *scontext, const char *tcontext, uint16 tclass)
{
    char       *ucontext = NULL;
    char       *ncontext = NULL;
    MemoryContext oldctx;
    avc_cache  *cache;
    uint32      hash;
    int         index;
    struct av_decision avd;

    hash = sepgsql_avc_hash(scontext, tcontext, tclass);
    index = hash % AVC_NUM_SLOTS;

    /*
     * Validation check of the supplied security context. Because it always
     * invoke system-call, frequent check should be avoided. Unless security
     * policy is reloaded, validation status shall be kept, so we also cache
     * whether the supplied security context was valid, or not.
     */
    if (security_check_context_raw((security_context_t) tcontext) != 0)
        ucontext = sepgsql_avc_unlabeled();

    /*
     * Ask SELinux its access control decision
     */
    if (!ucontext)
        sepgsql_compute_avd(scontext, tcontext, tclass, &avd);
    else
        sepgsql_compute_avd(scontext, ucontext, tclass, &avd);

    /*
     * It also caches a security label to be switched when a client labeled as
     * 'scontext' executes a procedure labeled as 'tcontext', not only access
     * control decision on the procedure. The security label to be switched
     * shall be computed uniquely on a pair of 'scontext' and 'tcontext',
     * thus, it is reasonable to cache the new label on avc, and enables to
     * reduce unnecessary system calls. It shall be referenced at
     * sepgsql_needs_fmgr_hook to check whether the supplied function is a
     * trusted procedure, or not.
     */
    if (tclass == SEPG_CLASS_DB_PROCEDURE)
    {
        if (!ucontext)
            ncontext = sepgsql_compute_create(scontext, tcontext,
                                              SEPG_CLASS_PROCESS, NULL);
        else
            ncontext = sepgsql_compute_create(scontext, ucontext,
                                              SEPG_CLASS_PROCESS, NULL);
        if (strcmp(scontext, ncontext) == 0)
        {
            pfree(ncontext);
            ncontext = NULL;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Set up an avc_cache object
     */
    oldctx = MemoryContextSwitchTo(avc_mem_cxt);

    cache = palloc0(sizeof(avc_cache));

    cache->hash = hash;
    cache->scontext = pstrdup(scontext);
    cache->tcontext = pstrdup(tcontext);
    cache->tclass = tclass;

    cache->allowed = avd.allowed;
    cache->auditallow = avd.auditallow;
    cache->auditdeny = avd.auditdeny;
    cache->hot_cache = true;
    if (avd.flags & SELINUX_AVD_FLAGS_PERMISSIVE)
        cache->permissive = true;
    if (!ucontext)
        cache->tcontext_is_valid = true;
    if (ncontext)
        cache->ncontext = pstrdup(ncontext);

    avc_num_caches++;

    if (avc_num_caches > avc_threshold)
        sepgsql_avc_reclaim();

    avc_slots[index] = lcons(cache, avc_slots[index]);

    MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldctx);

    return cache;
}

/*
 * sepgsql_avc_lookup
 *
 * Look up a cache entry that matches the supplied security contexts and
 * object class.  If not found, create a new cache entry.
 */
static avc_cache *
sepgsql_avc_lookup(const char *scontext, const char *tcontext, uint16 tclass)
{
    avc_cache  *cache;
    ListCell   *cell;
    uint32      hash;
    int         index;

    hash = sepgsql_avc_hash(scontext, tcontext, tclass);
    index = hash % AVC_NUM_SLOTS;

    foreach(cell, avc_slots[index])
    {
        cache = lfirst(cell);

        if (cache->hash == hash &&
            cache->tclass == tclass &&
            strcmp(cache->tcontext, tcontext) == 0 &&
            strcmp(cache->scontext, scontext) == 0)
        {
            cache->hot_cache = true;
            return cache;
        }
    }
    /* not found, so insert a new cache */
    return sepgsql_avc_compute(scontext, tcontext, tclass);
}

/*
 * sepgsql_avc_check_perms(_label)
 *
 * It returns 'true', if the security policy suggested to allow the required
 * permissions. Otherwise, it returns 'false' or raises an error according
 * to the 'abort_on_violation' argument.
 * The 'tobject' and 'tclass' identify the target object being referenced,
 * and 'required' is a bitmask of permissions (SEPG_*__*) defined for each
 * object classes.
 * The 'audit_name' is the object name (optional). If SEPGSQL_AVC_NOAUDIT
 * was supplied, it means to skip all the audit messages.
 */
bool
sepgsql_avc_check_perms_label(const char *tcontext,
                              uint16 tclass, uint32 required,
                              const char *audit_name,
                              bool abort_on_violation)
{
    char       *scontext = sepgsql_get_client_label();
    avc_cache  *cache;
    uint32      denied;
    uint32      audited;
    bool        result;

    sepgsql_avc_check_valid();
    do
    {
        result = true;

        /*
         * If the target object is unlabeled, we perform the check using the
         * label supplied by sepgsql_avc_unlabeled().
         */
        if (tcontext)
            cache = sepgsql_avc_lookup(scontext, tcontext, tclass);
        else
            cache = sepgsql_avc_lookup(scontext,
                                       sepgsql_avc_unlabeled(), tclass);

        denied = required & ~cache->allowed;

        /*
         * Compute permissions to be audited
         */
        if (sepgsql_get_debug_audit())
            audited = (denied ? (denied & ~0) : (required & ~0));
        else
            audited = denied ? (denied & cache->auditdeny)
                : (required & cache->auditallow);

        if (denied)
        {
            /*
             * In permissive mode or permissive domain, violated permissions
             * shall be audited to the log files at once, and then implicitly
             * allowed to avoid a flood of access denied logs, because the
             * purpose of permissive mode/domain is to collect a violation log
             * that will make it possible to fix up the security policy.
             */
            if (!sepgsql_getenforce() || cache->permissive)
                cache->allowed |= required;
            else
                result = false;
        }
    } while (!sepgsql_avc_check_valid());

    /*
     * In the case when we have something auditable actions here,
     * sepgsql_audit_log shall be called with text representation of security
     * labels for both of subject and object. It records this access
     * violation, so DBA will be able to find out unexpected security problems
     * later.
     */
    if (audited != 0 &&
        audit_name != SEPGSQL_AVC_NOAUDIT &&
        sepgsql_get_mode() != SEPGSQL_MODE_INTERNAL)
    {
        sepgsql_audit_log(denied != 0,
                          cache->scontext,
                          cache->tcontext_is_valid ?
                          cache->tcontext : sepgsql_avc_unlabeled(),
                          cache->tclass,
                          audited,
                          audit_name);
    }

    if (abort_on_violation && !result)
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
                 errmsg("SELinux: security policy violation")));

    return result;
}

bool
sepgsql_avc_check_perms(const ObjectAddress *tobject,
                        uint16 tclass, uint32 required,
                        const char *audit_name,
                        bool abort_on_violation)
{
    char       *tcontext = GetSecurityLabel(tobject, SEPGSQL_LABEL_TAG);
    bool        rc;

    rc = sepgsql_avc_check_perms_label(tcontext,
                                       tclass, required,
                                       audit_name, abort_on_violation);
    if (tcontext)
        pfree(tcontext);

    return rc;
}

/*
 * sepgsql_avc_trusted_proc
 *
 * If the supplied function OID is configured as a trusted procedure, this
 * function will return a security label to be used during the execution of
 * that function.  Otherwise, it returns NULL.
 */
char *
sepgsql_avc_trusted_proc(Oid functionId)
{
    char       *scontext = sepgsql_get_client_label();
    char       *tcontext;
    ObjectAddress tobject;
    avc_cache  *cache;

    tobject.classId = ProcedureRelationId;
    tobject.objectId = functionId;
    tobject.objectSubId = 0;
    tcontext = GetSecurityLabel(&tobject, SEPGSQL_LABEL_TAG);

    sepgsql_avc_check_valid();
    do
    {
        if (tcontext)
            cache = sepgsql_avc_lookup(scontext, tcontext,
                                       SEPG_CLASS_DB_PROCEDURE);
        else
            cache = sepgsql_avc_lookup(scontext, sepgsql_avc_unlabeled(),
                                       SEPG_CLASS_DB_PROCEDURE);
    } while (!sepgsql_avc_check_valid());

    return cache->ncontext;
}

/*
 * sepgsql_avc_exit
 *
 * Clean up userspace AVC on process exit.
 */
static void
sepgsql_avc_exit(int code, Datum arg)
{
    selinux_status_close();
}

/*
 * sepgsql_avc_init
 *
 * Initialize the userspace AVC.  This should be called from _PG_init.
 */
void
sepgsql_avc_init(void)
{
    int         rc;

    /*
     * All the avc stuff shall be allocated in avc_mem_cxt
     */
    avc_mem_cxt = AllocSetContextCreate(TopMemoryContext,
                                        "userspace access vector cache",
                                        ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_SIZES);
    memset(avc_slots, 0, sizeof(avc_slots));
    avc_num_caches = 0;
    avc_lru_hint = 0;
    avc_threshold = AVC_DEF_THRESHOLD;

    /*
     * SELinux allows to mmap(2) its kernel status page in read-only mode to
     * inform userspace applications its status updating (such as policy
     * reloading) without system-call invocations. This feature is only
     * supported in Linux-2.6.38 or later, however, libselinux provides a
     * fallback mode to know its status using netlink sockets.
     */
    rc = selinux_status_open(1);
    if (rc < 0)
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR),
                 errmsg("SELinux: could not open selinux status : %m")));
    else if (rc > 0)
        ereport(LOG,
                (errmsg("SELinux: kernel status page uses fallback mode")));

    /* Arrange to close selinux status page on process exit. */
    on_proc_exit(sepgsql_avc_exit, 0);
}