vacuum.h

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * vacuum.h
 *    header file for postgres vacuum cleaner and statistics analyzer
 *
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2024, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 * src/include/commands/vacuum.h
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#ifndef VACUUM_H
#define VACUUM_H
 
#include "access/htup.h"
#include "access/genam.h"
#include "access/parallel.h"
#include "access/tidstore.h"
#include "catalog/pg_class.h"
#include "catalog/pg_statistic.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "parser/parse_node.h"
#include "storage/buf.h"
#include "storage/lock.h"
#include "utils/relcache.h"
 
/*
 * Flags for amparallelvacuumoptions to control the participation of bulkdelete
 * and vacuumcleanup in parallel vacuum.
 */
 
/*
 * Both bulkdelete and vacuumcleanup are disabled by default.  This will be
 * used by IndexAM's that don't want to or cannot participate in parallel
 * vacuum.  For example, if an index AM doesn't have a way to communicate the
 * index statistics allocated by the first ambulkdelete call to the subsequent
 * ones until amvacuumcleanup, the index AM cannot participate in parallel
 * vacuum.
 */
#define VACUUM_OPTION_NO_PARALLEL           0
 
/*
 * bulkdelete can be performed in parallel.  This option can be used by
 * index AMs that need to scan indexes to delete tuples.
 */
#define VACUUM_OPTION_PARALLEL_BULKDEL      (1 << 0)
 
/*
 * vacuumcleanup can be performed in parallel if bulkdelete is not performed
 * yet.  This will be used by IndexAM's that can scan the index if the
 * bulkdelete is not performed.
 */
#define VACUUM_OPTION_PARALLEL_COND_CLEANUP (1 << 1)
 
/*
 * vacuumcleanup can be performed in parallel even if bulkdelete has already
 * processed the index.  This will be used by IndexAM's that scan the index
 * during the cleanup phase of index irrespective of whether the index is
 * already scanned or not during bulkdelete phase.
 */
#define VACUUM_OPTION_PARALLEL_CLEANUP      (1 << 2)
 
/* value for checking vacuum flags */
#define VACUUM_OPTION_MAX_VALID_VALUE       ((1 << 3) - 1)
 
/* Abstract type for parallel vacuum state */
typedef struct ParallelVacuumState ParallelVacuumState;
 
/*----------
 * ANALYZE builds one of these structs for each attribute (column) that is
 * to be analyzed.  The struct and subsidiary data are in anl_context,
 * so they live until the end of the ANALYZE operation.
 *
 * The type-specific typanalyze function is passed a pointer to this struct
 * and must return true to continue analysis, false to skip analysis of this
 * column.  In the true case it must set the compute_stats and minrows fields,
 * and can optionally set extra_data to pass additional info to compute_stats.
 * minrows is its request for the minimum number of sample rows to be gathered
 * (but note this request might not be honored, eg if there are fewer rows
 * than that in the table).
 *
 * The compute_stats routine will be called after sample rows have been
 * gathered.  Aside from this struct, it is passed:
 *      fetchfunc: a function for accessing the column values from the
 *                 sample rows
 *      samplerows: the number of sample tuples
 *      totalrows: estimated total number of rows in relation
 * The fetchfunc may be called with rownum running from 0 to samplerows-1.
 * It returns a Datum and an isNull flag.
 *
 * compute_stats should set stats_valid true if it is able to compute
 * any useful statistics.  If it does, the remainder of the struct holds
 * the information to be stored in a pg_statistic row for the column.  Be
 * careful to allocate any pointed-to data in anl_context, which will NOT
 * be CurrentMemoryContext when compute_stats is called.
 *
 * Note: all comparisons done for statistical purposes should use the
 * underlying column's collation (attcollation), except in situations
 * where a noncollatable container type contains a collatable type;
 * in that case use the type's default collation.  Be sure to record
 * the appropriate collation in stacoll.
 *----------
 */
typedef struct VacAttrStats *VacAttrStatsP;
 
typedef Datum (*AnalyzeAttrFetchFunc) (VacAttrStatsP stats, int rownum,
                                       bool *isNull);
 
typedef void (*AnalyzeAttrComputeStatsFunc) (VacAttrStatsP stats,
                                             AnalyzeAttrFetchFunc fetchfunc,
                                             int samplerows,
                                             double totalrows);
 
typedef struct VacAttrStats
{
    /*
     * These fields are set up by the main ANALYZE code before invoking the
     * type-specific typanalyze function.  They don't necessarily match what
     * is in pg_attribute, because some index opclasses store a different type
     * than the underlying column/expression.  Therefore, use these fields for
     * information about the datatype being fed to the typanalyze function.
     */
    int         attstattarget;  /* -1 to use default */
    Oid         attrtypid;      /* type of data being analyzed */
    int32       attrtypmod;     /* typmod of data being analyzed */
    Form_pg_type attrtype;      /* copy of pg_type row for attrtypid */
    Oid         attrcollid;     /* collation of data being analyzed */
    MemoryContext anl_context;  /* where to save long-lived data */
 
    /*
     * These fields must be filled in by the typanalyze routine, unless it
     * returns false.
     */
    AnalyzeAttrComputeStatsFunc compute_stats;  /* function pointer */
    int         minrows;        /* Minimum # of rows wanted for stats */
    void       *extra_data;     /* for extra type-specific data */
 
    /*
     * These fields are to be filled in by the compute_stats routine. (They
     * are initialized to zero when the struct is created.)
     */
    bool        stats_valid;
    float4      stanullfrac;    /* fraction of entries that are NULL */
    int32       stawidth;       /* average width of column values */
    float4      stadistinct;    /* # distinct values */
    int16       stakind[STATISTIC_NUM_SLOTS];
    Oid         staop[STATISTIC_NUM_SLOTS];
    Oid         stacoll[STATISTIC_NUM_SLOTS];
    int         numnumbers[STATISTIC_NUM_SLOTS];
    float4     *stanumbers[STATISTIC_NUM_SLOTS];
    int         numvalues[STATISTIC_NUM_SLOTS];
    Datum      *stavalues[STATISTIC_NUM_SLOTS];
 
    /*
     * These fields describe the stavalues[n] element types. They will be
     * initialized to match attrtypid, but a custom typanalyze function might
     * want to store an array of something other than the analyzed column's
     * elements. It should then overwrite these fields.
     */
    Oid         statypid[STATISTIC_NUM_SLOTS];
    int16       statyplen[STATISTIC_NUM_SLOTS];
    bool        statypbyval[STATISTIC_NUM_SLOTS];
    char        statypalign[STATISTIC_NUM_SLOTS];
 
    /*
     * These fields are private to the main ANALYZE code and should not be
     * looked at by type-specific functions.
     */
    int         tupattnum;      /* attribute number within tuples */
    HeapTuple  *rows;           /* access info for std fetch function */
    TupleDesc   tupDesc;
    Datum      *exprvals;       /* access info for index fetch function */
    bool       *exprnulls;
    int         rowstride;
} VacAttrStats;
 
/* flag bits for VacuumParams->options */
#define VACOPT_VACUUM 0x01      /* do VACUUM */
#define VACOPT_ANALYZE 0x02     /* do ANALYZE */
#define VACOPT_VERBOSE 0x04     /* output INFO instrumentation messages */
#define VACOPT_FREEZE 0x08      /* FREEZE option */
#define VACOPT_FULL 0x10        /* FULL (non-concurrent) vacuum */
#define VACOPT_SKIP_LOCKED 0x20 /* skip if cannot get lock */
#define VACOPT_PROCESS_MAIN 0x40    /* process main relation */
#define VACOPT_PROCESS_TOAST 0x80   /* process the TOAST table, if any */
#define VACOPT_DISABLE_PAGE_SKIPPING 0x100  /* don't skip any pages */
#define VACOPT_SKIP_DATABASE_STATS 0x200    /* skip vac_update_datfrozenxid() */
#define VACOPT_ONLY_DATABASE_STATS 0x400    /* only vac_update_datfrozenxid() */
 
/*
 * Values used by index_cleanup and truncate params.
 *
 * VACOPTVALUE_UNSPECIFIED is used as an initial placeholder when VACUUM
 * command has no explicit value.  When that happens the final usable value
 * comes from the corresponding reloption (though the reloption default is
 * usually used).
 */
typedef enum VacOptValue
{
    VACOPTVALUE_UNSPECIFIED = 0,
    VACOPTVALUE_AUTO,
    VACOPTVALUE_DISABLED,
    VACOPTVALUE_ENABLED,
} VacOptValue;
 
/*
 * Parameters customizing behavior of VACUUM and ANALYZE.
 *
 * Note that at least one of VACOPT_VACUUM and VACOPT_ANALYZE must be set
 * in options.
 *
 * When adding a new VacuumParam member, consider adding it to vacuumdb as
 * well.
 */
typedef struct VacuumParams
{
    bits32      options;        /* bitmask of VACOPT_* */
    int         freeze_min_age; /* min freeze age, -1 to use default */
    int         freeze_table_age;   /* age at which to scan whole table */
    int         multixact_freeze_min_age;   /* min multixact freeze age, -1 to
                                             * use default */
    int         multixact_freeze_table_age; /* multixact age at which to scan
                                             * whole table */
    bool        is_wraparound;  /* force a for-wraparound vacuum */
    int         log_min_duration;   /* minimum execution threshold in ms at
                                     * which autovacuum is logged, -1 to use
                                     * default */
    VacOptValue index_cleanup;  /* Do index vacuum and cleanup */
    VacOptValue truncate;       /* Truncate empty pages at the end */
    Oid         toast_parent;   /* for privilege checks when recursing */
 
    /*
     * The number of parallel vacuum workers.  0 by default which means choose
     * based on the number of indexes.  -1 indicates parallel vacuum is
     * disabled.
     */
    int         nworkers;
} VacuumParams;
 
/*
 * VacuumCutoffs is immutable state that describes the cutoffs used by VACUUM.
 * Established at the beginning of each VACUUM operation.
 */
struct VacuumCutoffs
{
    /*
     * Existing pg_class fields at start of VACUUM
     */
    TransactionId relfrozenxid;
    MultiXactId relminmxid;
 
    /*
     * OldestXmin is the Xid below which tuples deleted by any xact (that
     * committed) should be considered DEAD, not just RECENTLY_DEAD.
     *
     * OldestMxact is the Mxid below which MultiXacts are definitely not seen
     * as visible by any running transaction.
     *
     * OldestXmin and OldestMxact are also the most recent values that can
     * ever be passed to vac_update_relstats() as frozenxid and minmulti
     * arguments at the end of VACUUM.  These same values should be passed
     * when it turns out that VACUUM will leave no unfrozen XIDs/MXIDs behind
     * in the table.
     */
    TransactionId OldestXmin;
    MultiXactId OldestMxact;
 
    /*
     * FreezeLimit is the Xid below which all Xids are definitely frozen or
     * removed in pages VACUUM scans and cleanup locks.
     *
     * MultiXactCutoff is the value below which all MultiXactIds are
     * definitely removed from Xmax in pages VACUUM scans and cleanup locks.
     */
    TransactionId FreezeLimit;
    MultiXactId MultiXactCutoff;
};
 
/*
 * VacDeadItemsInfo stores supplemental information for dead tuple TID
 * storage (i.e. TidStore).
 */
typedef struct VacDeadItemsInfo
{
    size_t      max_bytes;      /* the maximum bytes TidStore can use */
    int64       num_items;      /* current # of entries */
} VacDeadItemsInfo;
 
/* GUC parameters */
extern PGDLLIMPORT int default_statistics_target;   /* PGDLLIMPORT for PostGIS */
extern PGDLLIMPORT int vacuum_freeze_min_age;
extern PGDLLIMPORT int vacuum_freeze_table_age;
extern PGDLLIMPORT int vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age;
extern PGDLLIMPORT int vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age;
extern PGDLLIMPORT int vacuum_failsafe_age;
extern PGDLLIMPORT int vacuum_multixact_failsafe_age;
 
/*
 * Maximum value for default_statistics_target and per-column statistics
 * targets.  This is fairly arbitrary, mainly to prevent users from creating
 * unreasonably large statistics that the system cannot handle well.
 */
#define MAX_STATISTICS_TARGET 10000
 
/* Variables for cost-based parallel vacuum */
extern PGDLLIMPORT pg_atomic_uint32 *VacuumSharedCostBalance;
extern PGDLLIMPORT pg_atomic_uint32 *VacuumActiveNWorkers;
extern PGDLLIMPORT int VacuumCostBalanceLocal;
 
extern PGDLLIMPORT bool VacuumFailsafeActive;
extern PGDLLIMPORT double vacuum_cost_delay;
extern PGDLLIMPORT int vacuum_cost_limit;
 
/* in commands/vacuum.c */
extern void ExecVacuum(ParseState *pstate, VacuumStmt *vacstmt, bool isTopLevel);
extern void vacuum(List *relations, VacuumParams *params,
                   BufferAccessStrategy bstrategy, MemoryContext vac_context,
                   bool isTopLevel);
extern void vac_open_indexes(Relation relation, LOCKMODE lockmode,
                             int *nindexes, Relation **Irel);
extern void vac_close_indexes(int nindexes, Relation *Irel, LOCKMODE lockmode);
extern double vac_estimate_reltuples(Relation relation,
                                     BlockNumber total_pages,
                                     BlockNumber scanned_pages,
                                     double scanned_tuples);
extern void vac_update_relstats(Relation relation,
                                BlockNumber num_pages,
                                double num_tuples,
                                BlockNumber num_all_visible_pages,
                                bool hasindex,
                                TransactionId frozenxid,
                                MultiXactId minmulti,
                                bool *frozenxid_updated,
                                bool *minmulti_updated,
                                bool in_outer_xact);
extern bool vacuum_get_cutoffs(Relation rel, const VacuumParams *params,
                               struct VacuumCutoffs *cutoffs);
extern bool vacuum_xid_failsafe_check(const struct VacuumCutoffs *cutoffs);
extern void vac_update_datfrozenxid(void);
extern void vacuum_delay_point(void);
extern bool vacuum_is_permitted_for_relation(Oid relid, Form_pg_class reltuple,
                                             bits32 options);
extern Relation vacuum_open_relation(Oid relid, RangeVar *relation,
                                     bits32 options, bool verbose,
                                     LOCKMODE lmode);
extern IndexBulkDeleteResult *vac_bulkdel_one_index(IndexVacuumInfo *ivinfo,
                                                    IndexBulkDeleteResult *istat,
                                                    TidStore *dead_items,
                                                    VacDeadItemsInfo *dead_items_info);
extern IndexBulkDeleteResult *vac_cleanup_one_index(IndexVacuumInfo *ivinfo,
                                                    IndexBulkDeleteResult *istat);
 
/* In postmaster/autovacuum.c */
extern void AutoVacuumUpdateCostLimit(void);
extern void VacuumUpdateCosts(void);
 
/* in commands/vacuumparallel.c */
extern ParallelVacuumState *parallel_vacuum_init(Relation rel, Relation *indrels,
                                                 int nindexes, int nrequested_workers,
                                                 int vac_work_mem, int elevel,
                                                 BufferAccessStrategy bstrategy);
extern void parallel_vacuum_end(ParallelVacuumState *pvs, IndexBulkDeleteResult **istats);
extern TidStore *parallel_vacuum_get_dead_items(ParallelVacuumState *pvs,
                                                VacDeadItemsInfo **dead_items_info_p);
extern void parallel_vacuum_reset_dead_items(ParallelVacuumState *pvs);
extern void parallel_vacuum_bulkdel_all_indexes(ParallelVacuumState *pvs,
                                                long num_table_tuples,
                                                int num_index_scans);
extern void parallel_vacuum_cleanup_all_indexes(ParallelVacuumState *pvs,
                                                long num_table_tuples,
                                                int num_index_scans,
                                                bool estimated_count);
extern void parallel_vacuum_main(dsm_segment *seg, shm_toc *toc);
 
/* in commands/analyze.c */
extern void analyze_rel(Oid relid, RangeVar *relation,
                        VacuumParams *params, List *va_cols, bool in_outer_xact,
                        BufferAccessStrategy bstrategy);
extern bool std_typanalyze(VacAttrStats *stats);
 
/* in utils/misc/sampling.c --- duplicate of declarations in utils/sampling.h */
extern double anl_random_fract(void);
extern double anl_init_selection_state(int n);
extern double anl_get_next_S(double t, int n, double *stateptr);
 
#endif                          /* VACUUM_H */