gistfuncs.c

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/*
 * gistfuncs.c
 *      Functions to investigate the content of GiST indexes
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2014-2025, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *      contrib/pageinspect/gistfuncs.c
 */
#include "postgres.h"
 
#include "access/gist.h"
#include "access/htup.h"
#include "access/relation.h"
#include "catalog/pg_am_d.h"
#include "funcapi.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "pageinspect.h"
#include "storage/itemptr.h"
#include "utils/array.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
#include "utils/pg_lsn.h"
#include "utils/rel.h"
#include "utils/ruleutils.h"
 
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(gist_page_opaque_info);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(gist_page_items);
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(gist_page_items_bytea);
 
#define IS_GIST(r) ((r)->rd_rel->relam == GIST_AM_OID)
 
 
static Page verify_gist_page(bytea *raw_page);
 
/*
 * Verify that the given bytea contains a GIST page or die in the attempt.
 * A pointer to the page is returned.
 */
static Page
verify_gist_page(bytea *raw_page)
{
    Page        page = get_page_from_raw(raw_page);
    GISTPageOpaque opaq;
 
    if (PageIsNew(page))
        return page;
 
    /* verify the special space has the expected size */
    if (PageGetSpecialSize(page) != MAXALIGN(sizeof(GISTPageOpaqueData)))
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
                 errmsg("input page is not a valid %s page", "GiST"),
                 errdetail("Expected special size %d, got %d.",
                           (int) MAXALIGN(sizeof(GISTPageOpaqueData)),
                           (int) PageGetSpecialSize(page))));
 
    opaq = GistPageGetOpaque(page);
    if (opaq->gist_page_id != GIST_PAGE_ID)
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
                 errmsg("input page is not a valid %s page", "GiST"),
                 errdetail("Expected %08x, got %08x.",
                           GIST_PAGE_ID,
                           opaq->gist_page_id)));
 
    return page;
}
 
Datum
gist_page_opaque_info(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
    bytea      *raw_page = PG_GETARG_BYTEA_P(0);
    TupleDesc   tupdesc;
    Page        page;
    HeapTuple   resultTuple;
    Datum       values[4];
    bool        nulls[4];
    Datum       flags[16];
    int         nflags = 0;
    uint16      flagbits;
 
    if (!superuser())
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
                 errmsg("must be superuser to use raw page functions")));
 
    page = verify_gist_page(raw_page);
 
    if (PageIsNew(page))
        PG_RETURN_NULL();
 
    /* Build a tuple descriptor for our result type */
    if (get_call_result_type(fcinfo, NULL, &tupdesc) != TYPEFUNC_COMPOSITE)
        elog(ERROR, "return type must be a row type");
 
    /* Convert the flags bitmask to an array of human-readable names */
    flagbits = GistPageGetOpaque(page)->flags;
    if (flagbits & F_LEAF)
        flags[nflags++] = CStringGetTextDatum("leaf");
    if (flagbits & F_DELETED)
        flags[nflags++] = CStringGetTextDatum("deleted");
    if (flagbits & F_TUPLES_DELETED)
        flags[nflags++] = CStringGetTextDatum("tuples_deleted");
    if (flagbits & F_FOLLOW_RIGHT)
        flags[nflags++] = CStringGetTextDatum("follow_right");
    if (flagbits & F_HAS_GARBAGE)
        flags[nflags++] = CStringGetTextDatum("has_garbage");
    flagbits &= ~(F_LEAF | F_DELETED | F_TUPLES_DELETED | F_FOLLOW_RIGHT | F_HAS_GARBAGE);
    if (flagbits)
    {
        /* any flags we don't recognize are printed in hex */
        flags[nflags++] = DirectFunctionCall1(to_hex32, Int32GetDatum(flagbits));
    }
 
    memset(nulls, 0, sizeof(nulls));
 
    values[0] = LSNGetDatum(PageGetLSN(page));
    values[1] = LSNGetDatum(GistPageGetNSN(page));
    values[2] = Int64GetDatum(GistPageGetOpaque(page)->rightlink);
    values[3] = PointerGetDatum(construct_array_builtin(flags, nflags, TEXTOID));
 
    /* Build and return the result tuple. */
    resultTuple = heap_form_tuple(tupdesc, values, nulls);
 
    return HeapTupleGetDatum(resultTuple);
}
 
Datum
gist_page_items_bytea(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
    bytea      *raw_page = PG_GETARG_BYTEA_P(0);
    ReturnSetInfo *rsinfo = (ReturnSetInfo *) fcinfo->resultinfo;
    Page        page;
    OffsetNumber offset;
    OffsetNumber maxoff = InvalidOffsetNumber;
 
    if (!superuser())
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
                 errmsg("must be superuser to use raw page functions")));
 
    InitMaterializedSRF(fcinfo, 0);
 
    page = verify_gist_page(raw_page);
 
    if (PageIsNew(page))
        PG_RETURN_NULL();
 
    /* Avoid bogus PageGetMaxOffsetNumber() call with deleted pages */
    if (GistPageIsDeleted(page))
        elog(NOTICE, "page is deleted");
    else
        maxoff = PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(page);
 
    for (offset = FirstOffsetNumber;
         offset <= maxoff;
         offset++)
    {
        Datum       values[5];
        bool        nulls[5];
        ItemId      id;
        IndexTuple  itup;
        bytea      *tuple_bytea;
        int         tuple_len;
 
        id = PageGetItemId(page, offset);
 
        if (!ItemIdIsValid(id))
            elog(ERROR, "invalid ItemId");
 
        itup = (IndexTuple) PageGetItem(page, id);
        tuple_len = IndexTupleSize(itup);
 
        memset(nulls, 0, sizeof(nulls));
 
        values[0] = DatumGetInt16(offset);
        values[1] = ItemPointerGetDatum(&itup->t_tid);
        values[2] = Int32GetDatum((int) IndexTupleSize(itup));
 
        tuple_bytea = (bytea *) palloc(tuple_len + VARHDRSZ);
        SET_VARSIZE(tuple_bytea, tuple_len + VARHDRSZ);
        memcpy(VARDATA(tuple_bytea), itup, tuple_len);
        values[3] = BoolGetDatum(ItemIdIsDead(id));
        values[4] = PointerGetDatum(tuple_bytea);
 
        tuplestore_putvalues(rsinfo->setResult, rsinfo->setDesc, values, nulls);
    }
 
    return (Datum) 0;
}
 
Datum
gist_page_items(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
    bytea      *raw_page = PG_GETARG_BYTEA_P(0);
    Oid         indexRelid = PG_GETARG_OID(1);
    ReturnSetInfo *rsinfo = (ReturnSetInfo *) fcinfo->resultinfo;
    Relation    indexRel;
    TupleDesc   tupdesc;
    Page        page;
    uint16      flagbits;
    bits16      printflags = 0;
    OffsetNumber offset;
    OffsetNumber maxoff = InvalidOffsetNumber;
    char       *index_columns;
 
    if (!superuser())
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
                 errmsg("must be superuser to use raw page functions")));
 
    InitMaterializedSRF(fcinfo, 0);
 
    /* Open the relation */
    indexRel = index_open(indexRelid, AccessShareLock);
 
    if (!IS_GIST(indexRel))
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE),
                 errmsg("\"%s\" is not a %s index",
                        RelationGetRelationName(indexRel), "GiST")));
 
    page = verify_gist_page(raw_page);
 
    if (PageIsNew(page))
    {
        index_close(indexRel, AccessShareLock);
        PG_RETURN_NULL();
    }
 
    flagbits = GistPageGetOpaque(page)->flags;
 
    /*
     * Included attributes are added when dealing with leaf pages, discarded
     * for non-leaf pages as these include only data for key attributes.
     */
    printflags |= RULE_INDEXDEF_PRETTY;
    if (flagbits & F_LEAF)
    {
        tupdesc = RelationGetDescr(indexRel);
    }
    else
    {
        tupdesc = CreateTupleDescTruncatedCopy(RelationGetDescr(indexRel),
                                               IndexRelationGetNumberOfKeyAttributes(indexRel));
        printflags |= RULE_INDEXDEF_KEYS_ONLY;
    }
 
    index_columns = pg_get_indexdef_columns_extended(indexRelid,
                                                     printflags);
 
    /* Avoid bogus PageGetMaxOffsetNumber() call with deleted pages */
    if (GistPageIsDeleted(page))
        elog(NOTICE, "page is deleted");
    else
        maxoff = PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(page);
 
    for (offset = FirstOffsetNumber;
         offset <= maxoff;
         offset++)
    {
        Datum       values[5];
        bool        nulls[5];
        ItemId      id;
        IndexTuple  itup;
        Datum       itup_values[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
        bool        itup_isnull[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
        StringInfoData buf;
        int         i;
 
        id = PageGetItemId(page, offset);
 
        if (!ItemIdIsValid(id))
            elog(ERROR, "invalid ItemId");
 
        itup = (IndexTuple) PageGetItem(page, id);
 
        index_deform_tuple(itup, tupdesc,
                           itup_values, itup_isnull);
 
        memset(nulls, 0, sizeof(nulls));
 
        values[0] = DatumGetInt16(offset);
        values[1] = ItemPointerGetDatum(&itup->t_tid);
        values[2] = Int32GetDatum((int) IndexTupleSize(itup));
        values[3] = BoolGetDatum(ItemIdIsDead(id));
 
        if (index_columns)
        {
            initStringInfo(&buf);
            appendStringInfo(&buf, "(%s)=(", index_columns);
 
            /* Most of this is copied from record_out(). */
            for (i = 0; i < tupdesc->natts; i++)
            {
                char       *value;
                char       *tmp;
                bool        nq = false;
 
                if (itup_isnull[i])
                    value = "null";
                else
                {
                    Oid         foutoid;
                    bool        typisvarlena;
                    Oid         typoid;
 
                    typoid = TupleDescAttr(tupdesc, i)->atttypid;
                    getTypeOutputInfo(typoid, &foutoid, &typisvarlena);
                    value = OidOutputFunctionCall(foutoid, itup_values[i]);
                }
 
                if (i == IndexRelationGetNumberOfKeyAttributes(indexRel))
                    appendStringInfoString(&buf, ") INCLUDE (");
                else if (i > 0)
                    appendStringInfoString(&buf, ", ");
 
                /* Check whether we need double quotes for this value */
                nq = (value[0] == '\0');    /* force quotes for empty string */
                for (tmp = value; *tmp; tmp++)
                {
                    char        ch = *tmp;
 
                    if (ch == '"' || ch == '\\' ||
                        ch == '(' || ch == ')' || ch == ',' ||
                        isspace((unsigned char) ch))
                    {
                        nq = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
 
                /* And emit the string */
                if (nq)
                    appendStringInfoCharMacro(&buf, '"');
                for (tmp = value; *tmp; tmp++)
                {
                    char        ch = *tmp;
 
                    if (ch == '"' || ch == '\\')
                        appendStringInfoCharMacro(&buf, ch);
                    appendStringInfoCharMacro(&buf, ch);
                }
                if (nq)
                    appendStringInfoCharMacro(&buf, '"');
            }
 
            appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
 
            values[4] = CStringGetTextDatum(buf.data);
            nulls[4] = false;
        }
        else
        {
            values[4] = (Datum) 0;
            nulls[4] = true;
        }
 
        tuplestore_putvalues(rsinfo->setResult, rsinfo->setDesc, values, nulls);
    }
 
    relation_close(indexRel, AccessShareLock);
 
    return (Datum) 0;
}