PostgreSQL Source Code git master
nodeGather.c
Go to the documentation of this file.
1/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 *
3 * nodeGather.c
4 * Support routines for scanning a plan via multiple workers.
5 *
6 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2025, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
7 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
8 *
9 * A Gather executor launches parallel workers to run multiple copies of a
10 * plan. It can also run the plan itself, if the workers are not available
11 * or have not started up yet. It then merges all of the results it produces
12 * and the results from the workers into a single output stream. Therefore,
13 * it will normally be used with a plan where running multiple copies of the
14 * same plan does not produce duplicate output, such as parallel-aware
15 * SeqScan.
16 *
17 * Alternatively, a Gather node can be configured to use just one worker
18 * and the single-copy flag can be set. In this case, the Gather node will
19 * run the plan in one worker and will not execute the plan itself. In
20 * this case, it simply returns whatever tuples were returned by the worker.
21 * If a worker cannot be obtained, then it will run the plan itself and
22 * return the results. Therefore, a plan used with a single-copy Gather
23 * node need not be parallel-aware.
24 *
25 * IDENTIFICATION
26 * src/backend/executor/nodeGather.c
27 *
28 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
29 */
30
31#include "postgres.h"
32
34#include "executor/executor.h"
35#include "executor/nodeGather.h"
36#include "executor/tqueue.h"
37#include "miscadmin.h"
38#include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
39#include "utils/wait_event.h"
40
41
42static TupleTableSlot *ExecGather(PlanState *pstate);
43static TupleTableSlot *gather_getnext(GatherState *gatherstate);
44static MinimalTuple gather_readnext(GatherState *gatherstate);
45static void ExecShutdownGatherWorkers(GatherState *node);
46
47
48/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
49 * ExecInitGather
50 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
51 */
53ExecInitGather(Gather *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
54{
55 GatherState *gatherstate;
56 Plan *outerNode;
57 TupleDesc tupDesc;
58
59 /* Gather node doesn't have innerPlan node. */
60 Assert(innerPlan(node) == NULL);
61
62 /*
63 * create state structure
64 */
65 gatherstate = makeNode(GatherState);
66 gatherstate->ps.plan = (Plan *) node;
67 gatherstate->ps.state = estate;
68 gatherstate->ps.ExecProcNode = ExecGather;
69
70 gatherstate->initialized = false;
71 gatherstate->need_to_scan_locally =
73 gatherstate->tuples_needed = -1;
74
75 /*
76 * Miscellaneous initialization
77 *
78 * create expression context for node
79 */
80 ExecAssignExprContext(estate, &gatherstate->ps);
81
82 /*
83 * now initialize outer plan
84 */
85 outerNode = outerPlan(node);
86 outerPlanState(gatherstate) = ExecInitNode(outerNode, estate, eflags);
87 tupDesc = ExecGetResultType(outerPlanState(gatherstate));
88
89 /*
90 * Leader may access ExecProcNode result directly (if
91 * need_to_scan_locally), or from workers via tuple queue. So we can't
92 * trivially rely on the slot type being fixed for expressions evaluated
93 * within this node.
94 */
95 gatherstate->ps.outeropsset = true;
96 gatherstate->ps.outeropsfixed = false;
97
98 /*
99 * Initialize result type and projection.
100 */
101 ExecInitResultTypeTL(&gatherstate->ps);
102 ExecConditionalAssignProjectionInfo(&gatherstate->ps, tupDesc, OUTER_VAR);
103
104 /*
105 * Without projections result slot type is not trivially known, see
106 * comment above.
107 */
108 if (gatherstate->ps.ps_ProjInfo == NULL)
109 {
110 gatherstate->ps.resultopsset = true;
111 gatherstate->ps.resultopsfixed = false;
112 }
113
114 /*
115 * Initialize funnel slot to same tuple descriptor as outer plan.
116 */
117 gatherstate->funnel_slot = ExecInitExtraTupleSlot(estate, tupDesc,
119
120 /*
121 * Gather doesn't support checking a qual (it's always more efficient to
122 * do it in the child node).
123 */
124 Assert(!node->plan.qual);
125
126 return gatherstate;
127}
128
129/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
130 * ExecGather(node)
131 *
132 * Scans the relation via multiple workers and returns
133 * the next qualifying tuple.
134 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
135 */
136static TupleTableSlot *
138{
139 GatherState *node = castNode(GatherState, pstate);
140 TupleTableSlot *slot;
141 ExprContext *econtext;
142
144
145 /*
146 * Initialize the parallel context and workers on first execution. We do
147 * this on first execution rather than during node initialization, as it
148 * needs to allocate a large dynamic segment, so it is better to do it
149 * only if it is really needed.
150 */
151 if (!node->initialized)
152 {
153 EState *estate = node->ps.state;
154 Gather *gather = (Gather *) node->ps.plan;
155
156 /*
157 * Sometimes we might have to run without parallelism; but if parallel
158 * mode is active then we can try to fire up some workers.
159 */
160 if (gather->num_workers > 0 && estate->es_use_parallel_mode)
161 {
162 ParallelContext *pcxt;
163
164 /* Initialize, or re-initialize, shared state needed by workers. */
165 if (!node->pei)
167 estate,
168 gather->initParam,
169 gather->num_workers,
170 node->tuples_needed);
171 else
173 node->pei,
174 gather->initParam);
175
176 /*
177 * Register backend workers. We might not get as many as we
178 * requested, or indeed any at all.
179 */
180 pcxt = node->pei->pcxt;
182 /* We save # workers launched for the benefit of EXPLAIN */
184
185 /*
186 * Count number of workers originally wanted and actually
187 * launched.
188 */
191
192 /* Set up tuple queue readers to read the results. */
193 if (pcxt->nworkers_launched > 0)
194 {
196 /* Make a working array showing the active readers */
197 node->nreaders = pcxt->nworkers_launched;
198 node->reader = (TupleQueueReader **)
199 palloc(node->nreaders * sizeof(TupleQueueReader *));
200 memcpy(node->reader, node->pei->reader,
201 node->nreaders * sizeof(TupleQueueReader *));
202 }
203 else
204 {
205 /* No workers? Then never mind. */
206 node->nreaders = 0;
207 node->reader = NULL;
208 }
209 node->nextreader = 0;
210 }
211
212 /* Run plan locally if no workers or enabled and not single-copy. */
213 node->need_to_scan_locally = (node->nreaders == 0)
215 node->initialized = true;
216 }
217
218 /*
219 * Reset per-tuple memory context to free any expression evaluation
220 * storage allocated in the previous tuple cycle.
221 */
222 econtext = node->ps.ps_ExprContext;
223 ResetExprContext(econtext);
224
225 /*
226 * Get next tuple, either from one of our workers, or by running the plan
227 * ourselves.
228 */
229 slot = gather_getnext(node);
230 if (TupIsNull(slot))
231 return NULL;
232
233 /* If no projection is required, we're done. */
234 if (node->ps.ps_ProjInfo == NULL)
235 return slot;
236
237 /*
238 * Form the result tuple using ExecProject(), and return it.
239 */
240 econtext->ecxt_outertuple = slot;
241 return ExecProject(node->ps.ps_ProjInfo);
242}
243
244/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
245 * ExecEndGather
246 *
247 * frees any storage allocated through C routines.
248 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
249 */
250void
252{
253 ExecEndNode(outerPlanState(node)); /* let children clean up first */
254 ExecShutdownGather(node);
255}
256
257/*
258 * Read the next tuple. We might fetch a tuple from one of the tuple queues
259 * using gather_readnext, or if no tuple queue contains a tuple and the
260 * single_copy flag is not set, we might generate one locally instead.
261 */
262static TupleTableSlot *
264{
265 PlanState *outerPlan = outerPlanState(gatherstate);
266 TupleTableSlot *outerTupleSlot;
267 TupleTableSlot *fslot = gatherstate->funnel_slot;
268 MinimalTuple tup;
269
270 while (gatherstate->nreaders > 0 || gatherstate->need_to_scan_locally)
271 {
273
274 if (gatherstate->nreaders > 0)
275 {
276 tup = gather_readnext(gatherstate);
277
278 if (HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
279 {
280 ExecStoreMinimalTuple(tup, /* tuple to store */
281 fslot, /* slot to store the tuple */
282 false); /* don't pfree tuple */
283 return fslot;
284 }
285 }
286
287 if (gatherstate->need_to_scan_locally)
288 {
289 EState *estate = gatherstate->ps.state;
290
291 /* Install our DSA area while executing the plan. */
292 estate->es_query_dsa =
293 gatherstate->pei ? gatherstate->pei->area : NULL;
294 outerTupleSlot = ExecProcNode(outerPlan);
295 estate->es_query_dsa = NULL;
296
297 if (!TupIsNull(outerTupleSlot))
298 return outerTupleSlot;
299
300 gatherstate->need_to_scan_locally = false;
301 }
302 }
303
304 return ExecClearTuple(fslot);
305}
306
307/*
308 * Attempt to read a tuple from one of our parallel workers.
309 */
310static MinimalTuple
312{
313 int nvisited = 0;
314
315 for (;;)
316 {
317 TupleQueueReader *reader;
318 MinimalTuple tup;
319 bool readerdone;
320
321 /* Check for async events, particularly messages from workers. */
323
324 /*
325 * Attempt to read a tuple, but don't block if none is available.
326 *
327 * Note that TupleQueueReaderNext will just return NULL for a worker
328 * which fails to initialize. We'll treat that worker as having
329 * produced no tuples; WaitForParallelWorkersToFinish will error out
330 * when we get there.
331 */
332 Assert(gatherstate->nextreader < gatherstate->nreaders);
333 reader = gatherstate->reader[gatherstate->nextreader];
334 tup = TupleQueueReaderNext(reader, true, &readerdone);
335
336 /*
337 * If this reader is done, remove it from our working array of active
338 * readers. If all readers are done, we're outta here.
339 */
340 if (readerdone)
341 {
342 Assert(!tup);
343 --gatherstate->nreaders;
344 if (gatherstate->nreaders == 0)
345 {
346 ExecShutdownGatherWorkers(gatherstate);
347 return NULL;
348 }
349 memmove(&gatherstate->reader[gatherstate->nextreader],
350 &gatherstate->reader[gatherstate->nextreader + 1],
351 sizeof(TupleQueueReader *)
352 * (gatherstate->nreaders - gatherstate->nextreader));
353 if (gatherstate->nextreader >= gatherstate->nreaders)
354 gatherstate->nextreader = 0;
355 continue;
356 }
357
358 /* If we got a tuple, return it. */
359 if (tup)
360 return tup;
361
362 /*
363 * Advance nextreader pointer in round-robin fashion. Note that we
364 * only reach this code if we weren't able to get a tuple from the
365 * current worker. We used to advance the nextreader pointer after
366 * every tuple, but it turns out to be much more efficient to keep
367 * reading from the same queue until that would require blocking.
368 */
369 gatherstate->nextreader++;
370 if (gatherstate->nextreader >= gatherstate->nreaders)
371 gatherstate->nextreader = 0;
372
373 /* Have we visited every (surviving) TupleQueueReader? */
374 nvisited++;
375 if (nvisited >= gatherstate->nreaders)
376 {
377 /*
378 * If (still) running plan locally, return NULL so caller can
379 * generate another tuple from the local copy of the plan.
380 */
381 if (gatherstate->need_to_scan_locally)
382 return NULL;
383
384 /* Nothing to do except wait for developments. */
386 WAIT_EVENT_EXECUTE_GATHER);
388 nvisited = 0;
389 }
390 }
391}
392
393/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
394 * ExecShutdownGatherWorkers
395 *
396 * Stop all the parallel workers.
397 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
398 */
399static void
401{
402 if (node->pei != NULL)
403 ExecParallelFinish(node->pei);
404
405 /* Flush local copy of reader array */
406 if (node->reader)
407 pfree(node->reader);
408 node->reader = NULL;
409}
410
411/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
412 * ExecShutdownGather
413 *
414 * Destroy the setup for parallel workers including parallel context.
415 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
416 */
417void
419{
421
422 /* Now destroy the parallel context. */
423 if (node->pei != NULL)
424 {
426 node->pei = NULL;
427 }
428}
429
430/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
431 * Join Support
432 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
433 */
434
435/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
436 * ExecReScanGather
437 *
438 * Prepare to re-scan the result of a Gather.
439 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
440 */
441void
443{
444 Gather *gather = (Gather *) node->ps.plan;
446
447 /* Make sure any existing workers are gracefully shut down */
449
450 /* Mark node so that shared state will be rebuilt at next call */
451 node->initialized = false;
452
453 /*
454 * Set child node's chgParam to tell it that the next scan might deliver a
455 * different set of rows within the leader process. (The overall rowset
456 * shouldn't change, but the leader process's subset might; hence nodes
457 * between here and the parallel table scan node mustn't optimize on the
458 * assumption of an unchanging rowset.)
459 */
460 if (gather->rescan_param >= 0)
461 outerPlan->chgParam = bms_add_member(outerPlan->chgParam,
462 gather->rescan_param);
463
464 /*
465 * If chgParam of subnode is not null then plan will be re-scanned by
466 * first ExecProcNode. Note: because this does nothing if we have a
467 * rescan_param, it's currently guaranteed that parallel-aware child nodes
468 * will not see a ReScan call until after they get a ReInitializeDSM call.
469 * That ordering might not be something to rely on, though. A good rule
470 * of thumb is that ReInitializeDSM should reset only shared state, ReScan
471 * should reset only local state, and anything that depends on both of
472 * those steps being finished must wait until the first ExecProcNode call.
473 */
474 if (outerPlan->chgParam == NULL)
476}
void LaunchParallelWorkers(ParallelContext *pcxt)
Definition: parallel.c:573
Bitmapset * bms_add_member(Bitmapset *a, int x)
Definition: bitmapset.c:815
void ExecReScan(PlanState *node)
Definition: execAmi.c:77
void ExecParallelCleanup(ParallelExecutorInfo *pei)
void ExecParallelReinitialize(PlanState *planstate, ParallelExecutorInfo *pei, Bitmapset *sendParams)
Definition: execParallel.c:916
void ExecParallelCreateReaders(ParallelExecutorInfo *pei)
Definition: execParallel.c:890
ParallelExecutorInfo * ExecInitParallelPlan(PlanState *planstate, EState *estate, Bitmapset *sendParams, int nworkers, int64 tuples_needed)
Definition: execParallel.c:599
void ExecParallelFinish(ParallelExecutorInfo *pei)
void ExecEndNode(PlanState *node)
Definition: execProcnode.c:562
PlanState * ExecInitNode(Plan *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
Definition: execProcnode.c:142
void ExecInitResultTypeTL(PlanState *planstate)
Definition: execTuples.c:1944
TupleTableSlot * ExecStoreMinimalTuple(MinimalTuple mtup, TupleTableSlot *slot, bool shouldFree)
Definition: execTuples.c:1635
TupleTableSlot * ExecInitExtraTupleSlot(EState *estate, TupleDesc tupledesc, const TupleTableSlotOps *tts_ops)
Definition: execTuples.c:2020
const TupleTableSlotOps TTSOpsMinimalTuple
Definition: execTuples.c:86
TupleDesc ExecGetResultType(PlanState *planstate)
Definition: execUtils.c:496
void ExecAssignExprContext(EState *estate, PlanState *planstate)
Definition: execUtils.c:486
void ExecConditionalAssignProjectionInfo(PlanState *planstate, TupleDesc inputDesc, int varno)
Definition: execUtils.c:604
#define outerPlanState(node)
Definition: execnodes.h:1249
static TupleTableSlot * ExecProject(ProjectionInfo *projInfo)
Definition: executor.h:501
#define ResetExprContext(econtext)
Definition: executor.h:668
static TupleTableSlot * ExecProcNode(PlanState *node)
Definition: executor.h:332
struct Latch * MyLatch
Definition: globals.c:62
Assert(PointerIsAligned(start, uint64))
#define HeapTupleIsValid(tuple)
Definition: htup.h:78
if(TABLE==NULL||TABLE_index==NULL)
Definition: isn.c:78
void ResetLatch(Latch *latch)
Definition: latch.c:372
int WaitLatch(Latch *latch, int wakeEvents, long timeout, uint32 wait_event_info)
Definition: latch.c:172
void pfree(void *pointer)
Definition: mcxt.c:1524
void * palloc(Size size)
Definition: mcxt.c:1317
#define CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS()
Definition: miscadmin.h:122
void ExecEndGather(GatherState *node)
Definition: nodeGather.c:251
static MinimalTuple gather_readnext(GatherState *gatherstate)
Definition: nodeGather.c:311
static TupleTableSlot * ExecGather(PlanState *pstate)
Definition: nodeGather.c:137
static void ExecShutdownGatherWorkers(GatherState *node)
Definition: nodeGather.c:400
void ExecShutdownGather(GatherState *node)
Definition: nodeGather.c:418
void ExecReScanGather(GatherState *node)
Definition: nodeGather.c:442
GatherState * ExecInitGather(Gather *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
Definition: nodeGather.c:53
static TupleTableSlot * gather_getnext(GatherState *gatherstate)
Definition: nodeGather.c:263
#define makeNode(_type_)
Definition: nodes.h:161
#define castNode(_type_, nodeptr)
Definition: nodes.h:182
bool parallel_leader_participation
Definition: planner.c:69
#define innerPlan(node)
Definition: plannodes.h:240
#define outerPlan(node)
Definition: plannodes.h:241
#define OUTER_VAR
Definition: primnodes.h:243
struct dsa_area * es_query_dsa
Definition: execnodes.h:745
int es_parallel_workers_to_launch
Definition: execnodes.h:739
bool es_use_parallel_mode
Definition: execnodes.h:737
int es_parallel_workers_launched
Definition: execnodes.h:741
TupleTableSlot * ecxt_outertuple
Definition: execnodes.h:272
bool initialized
Definition: execnodes.h:2731
TupleTableSlot * funnel_slot
Definition: execnodes.h:2735
struct ParallelExecutorInfo * pei
Definition: execnodes.h:2736
int nextreader
Definition: execnodes.h:2740
int nworkers_launched
Definition: execnodes.h:2738
PlanState ps
Definition: execnodes.h:2730
struct TupleQueueReader ** reader
Definition: execnodes.h:2741
int64 tuples_needed
Definition: execnodes.h:2733
bool need_to_scan_locally
Definition: execnodes.h:2732
int num_workers
Definition: plannodes.h:1289
Bitmapset * initParam
Definition: plannodes.h:1301
bool single_copy
Definition: plannodes.h:1293
Plan plan
Definition: plannodes.h:1287
int rescan_param
Definition: plannodes.h:1291
int nworkers_launched
Definition: parallel.h:37
int nworkers_to_launch
Definition: parallel.h:36
ParallelContext * pcxt
Definition: execParallel.h:27
struct TupleQueueReader ** reader
Definition: execParallel.h:37
bool outeropsset
Definition: execnodes.h:1236
bool resultopsset
Definition: execnodes.h:1238
Plan * plan
Definition: execnodes.h:1153
bool outeropsfixed
Definition: execnodes.h:1232
EState * state
Definition: execnodes.h:1155
ExprContext * ps_ExprContext
Definition: execnodes.h:1192
ProjectionInfo * ps_ProjInfo
Definition: execnodes.h:1193
bool resultopsfixed
Definition: execnodes.h:1234
ExecProcNodeMtd ExecProcNode
Definition: execnodes.h:1159
List * qual
Definition: plannodes.h:211
MinimalTuple TupleQueueReaderNext(TupleQueueReader *reader, bool nowait, bool *done)
Definition: tqueue.c:176
static TupleTableSlot * ExecClearTuple(TupleTableSlot *slot)
Definition: tuptable.h:458
#define TupIsNull(slot)
Definition: tuptable.h:310
#define WL_EXIT_ON_PM_DEATH
Definition: waiteventset.h:39
#define WL_LATCH_SET
Definition: waiteventset.h:34