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parse_coerce.c
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1 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2  *
3  * parse_coerce.c
4  * handle type coercions/conversions for parser
5  *
6  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2017, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
7  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
8  *
9  *
10  * IDENTIFICATION
11  * src/backend/parser/parse_coerce.c
12  *
13  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
14  */
15 #include "postgres.h"
16 
17 #include "access/htup_details.h"
18 #include "catalog/pg_cast.h"
19 #include "catalog/pg_class.h"
20 #include "catalog/pg_inherits_fn.h"
21 #include "catalog/pg_proc.h"
22 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
23 #include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
24 #include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
25 #include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
26 #include "parser/parse_relation.h"
27 #include "parser/parse_type.h"
28 #include "utils/builtins.h"
29 #include "utils/datum.h"
30 #include "utils/lsyscache.h"
31 #include "utils/syscache.h"
32 #include "utils/typcache.h"
33 
34 
35 static Node *coerce_type_typmod(Node *node,
36  Oid targetTypeId, int32 targetTypMod,
37  CoercionForm cformat, int location,
38  bool isExplicit, bool hideInputCoercion);
39 static void hide_coercion_node(Node *node);
40 static Node *build_coercion_expression(Node *node,
41  CoercionPathType pathtype,
42  Oid funcId,
43  Oid targetTypeId, int32 targetTypMod,
44  CoercionForm cformat, int location,
45  bool isExplicit);
46 static Node *coerce_record_to_complex(ParseState *pstate, Node *node,
47  Oid targetTypeId,
48  CoercionContext ccontext,
49  CoercionForm cformat,
50  int location);
51 static bool is_complex_array(Oid typid);
52 static bool typeIsOfTypedTable(Oid reltypeId, Oid reloftypeId);
53 
54 
55 /*
56  * coerce_to_target_type()
57  * Convert an expression to a target type and typmod.
58  *
59  * This is the general-purpose entry point for arbitrary type coercion
60  * operations. Direct use of the component operations can_coerce_type,
61  * coerce_type, and coerce_type_typmod should be restricted to special
62  * cases (eg, when the conversion is expected to succeed).
63  *
64  * Returns the possibly-transformed expression tree, or NULL if the type
65  * conversion is not possible. (We do this, rather than ereport'ing directly,
66  * so that callers can generate custom error messages indicating context.)
67  *
68  * pstate - parse state (can be NULL, see coerce_type)
69  * expr - input expression tree (already transformed by transformExpr)
70  * exprtype - result type of expr
71  * targettype - desired result type
72  * targettypmod - desired result typmod
73  * ccontext, cformat - context indicators to control coercions
74  * location - parse location of the coercion request, or -1 if unknown/implicit
75  */
76 Node *
77 coerce_to_target_type(ParseState *pstate, Node *expr, Oid exprtype,
78  Oid targettype, int32 targettypmod,
79  CoercionContext ccontext,
80  CoercionForm cformat,
81  int location)
82 {
83  Node *result;
84  Node *origexpr;
85 
86  if (!can_coerce_type(1, &exprtype, &targettype, ccontext))
87  return NULL;
88 
89  /*
90  * If the input has a CollateExpr at the top, strip it off, perform the
91  * coercion, and put a new one back on. This is annoying since it
92  * duplicates logic in coerce_type, but if we don't do this then it's too
93  * hard to tell whether coerce_type actually changed anything, and we
94  * *must* know that to avoid possibly calling hide_coercion_node on
95  * something that wasn't generated by coerce_type. Note that if there are
96  * multiple stacked CollateExprs, we just discard all but the topmost.
97  */
98  origexpr = expr;
99  while (expr && IsA(expr, CollateExpr))
100  expr = (Node *) ((CollateExpr *) expr)->arg;
101 
102  result = coerce_type(pstate, expr, exprtype,
103  targettype, targettypmod,
104  ccontext, cformat, location);
105 
106  /*
107  * If the target is a fixed-length type, it may need a length coercion as
108  * well as a type coercion. If we find ourselves adding both, force the
109  * inner coercion node to implicit display form.
110  */
111  result = coerce_type_typmod(result,
112  targettype, targettypmod,
113  cformat, location,
114  (cformat != COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST),
115  (result != expr && !IsA(result, Const)));
116 
117  if (expr != origexpr)
118  {
119  /* Reinstall top CollateExpr */
120  CollateExpr *coll = (CollateExpr *) origexpr;
121  CollateExpr *newcoll = makeNode(CollateExpr);
122 
123  newcoll->arg = (Expr *) result;
124  newcoll->collOid = coll->collOid;
125  newcoll->location = coll->location;
126  result = (Node *) newcoll;
127  }
128 
129  return result;
130 }
131 
132 
133 /*
134  * coerce_type()
135  * Convert an expression to a different type.
136  *
137  * The caller should already have determined that the coercion is possible;
138  * see can_coerce_type.
139  *
140  * Normally, no coercion to a typmod (length) is performed here. The caller
141  * must call coerce_type_typmod as well, if a typmod constraint is wanted.
142  * (But if the target type is a domain, it may internally contain a
143  * typmod constraint, which will be applied inside coerce_to_domain.)
144  * In some cases pg_cast specifies a type coercion function that also
145  * applies length conversion, and in those cases only, the result will
146  * already be properly coerced to the specified typmod.
147  *
148  * pstate is only used in the case that we are able to resolve the type of
149  * a previously UNKNOWN Param. It is okay to pass pstate = NULL if the
150  * caller does not want type information updated for Params.
151  *
152  * Note: this function must not modify the given expression tree, only add
153  * decoration on top of it. See transformSetOperationTree, for example.
154  */
155 Node *
156 coerce_type(ParseState *pstate, Node *node,
157  Oid inputTypeId, Oid targetTypeId, int32 targetTypeMod,
158  CoercionContext ccontext, CoercionForm cformat, int location)
159 {
160  Node *result;
161  CoercionPathType pathtype;
162  Oid funcId;
163 
164  if (targetTypeId == inputTypeId ||
165  node == NULL)
166  {
167  /* no conversion needed */
168  return node;
169  }
170  if (targetTypeId == ANYOID ||
171  targetTypeId == ANYELEMENTOID ||
172  targetTypeId == ANYNONARRAYOID)
173  {
174  /*
175  * Assume can_coerce_type verified that implicit coercion is okay.
176  *
177  * Note: by returning the unmodified node here, we are saying that
178  * it's OK to treat an UNKNOWN constant as a valid input for a
179  * function accepting ANY, ANYELEMENT, or ANYNONARRAY. This should be
180  * all right, since an UNKNOWN value is still a perfectly valid Datum.
181  *
182  * NB: we do NOT want a RelabelType here: the exposed type of the
183  * function argument must be its actual type, not the polymorphic
184  * pseudotype.
185  */
186  return node;
187  }
188  if (targetTypeId == ANYARRAYOID ||
189  targetTypeId == ANYENUMOID ||
190  targetTypeId == ANYRANGEOID)
191  {
192  /*
193  * Assume can_coerce_type verified that implicit coercion is okay.
194  *
195  * These cases are unlike the ones above because the exposed type of
196  * the argument must be an actual array, enum, or range type. In
197  * particular the argument must *not* be an UNKNOWN constant. If it
198  * is, we just fall through; below, we'll call anyarray_in,
199  * anyenum_in, or anyrange_in, which will produce an error. Also, if
200  * what we have is a domain over array, enum, or range, we have to
201  * relabel it to its base type.
202  *
203  * Note: currently, we can't actually see a domain-over-enum here,
204  * since the other functions in this file will not match such a
205  * parameter to ANYENUM. But that should get changed eventually.
206  */
207  if (inputTypeId != UNKNOWNOID)
208  {
209  Oid baseTypeId = getBaseType(inputTypeId);
210 
211  if (baseTypeId != inputTypeId)
212  {
213  RelabelType *r = makeRelabelType((Expr *) node,
214  baseTypeId, -1,
215  InvalidOid,
216  cformat);
217 
218  r->location = location;
219  return (Node *) r;
220  }
221  /* Not a domain type, so return it as-is */
222  return node;
223  }
224  }
225  if (inputTypeId == UNKNOWNOID && IsA(node, Const))
226  {
227  /*
228  * Input is a string constant with previously undetermined type. Apply
229  * the target type's typinput function to it to produce a constant of
230  * the target type.
231  *
232  * NOTE: this case cannot be folded together with the other
233  * constant-input case, since the typinput function does not
234  * necessarily behave the same as a type conversion function. For
235  * example, int4's typinput function will reject "1.2", whereas
236  * float-to-int type conversion will round to integer.
237  *
238  * XXX if the typinput function is not immutable, we really ought to
239  * postpone evaluation of the function call until runtime. But there
240  * is no way to represent a typinput function call as an expression
241  * tree, because C-string values are not Datums. (XXX This *is*
242  * possible as of 7.3, do we want to do it?)
243  */
244  Const *con = (Const *) node;
245  Const *newcon = makeNode(Const);
246  Oid baseTypeId;
247  int32 baseTypeMod;
248  int32 inputTypeMod;
249  Type baseType;
250  ParseCallbackState pcbstate;
251 
252  /*
253  * If the target type is a domain, we want to call its base type's
254  * input routine, not domain_in(). This is to avoid premature failure
255  * when the domain applies a typmod: existing input routines follow
256  * implicit-coercion semantics for length checks, which is not always
257  * what we want here. The needed check will be applied properly
258  * inside coerce_to_domain().
259  */
260  baseTypeMod = targetTypeMod;
261  baseTypeId = getBaseTypeAndTypmod(targetTypeId, &baseTypeMod);
262 
263  /*
264  * For most types we pass typmod -1 to the input routine, because
265  * existing input routines follow implicit-coercion semantics for
266  * length checks, which is not always what we want here. Any length
267  * constraint will be applied later by our caller. An exception
268  * however is the INTERVAL type, for which we *must* pass the typmod
269  * or it won't be able to obey the bizarre SQL-spec input rules. (Ugly
270  * as sin, but so is this part of the spec...)
271  */
272  if (baseTypeId == INTERVALOID)
273  inputTypeMod = baseTypeMod;
274  else
275  inputTypeMod = -1;
276 
277  baseType = typeidType(baseTypeId);
278 
279  newcon->consttype = baseTypeId;
280  newcon->consttypmod = inputTypeMod;
281  newcon->constcollid = typeTypeCollation(baseType);
282  newcon->constlen = typeLen(baseType);
283  newcon->constbyval = typeByVal(baseType);
284  newcon->constisnull = con->constisnull;
285 
286  /*
287  * We use the original literal's location regardless of the position
288  * of the coercion. This is a change from pre-9.2 behavior, meant to
289  * simplify life for pg_stat_statements.
290  */
291  newcon->location = con->location;
292 
293  /*
294  * Set up to point at the constant's text if the input routine throws
295  * an error.
296  */
297  setup_parser_errposition_callback(&pcbstate, pstate, con->location);
298 
299  /*
300  * We assume here that UNKNOWN's internal representation is the same
301  * as CSTRING.
302  */
303  if (!con->constisnull)
304  newcon->constvalue = stringTypeDatum(baseType,
305  DatumGetCString(con->constvalue),
306  inputTypeMod);
307  else
308  newcon->constvalue = stringTypeDatum(baseType,
309  NULL,
310  inputTypeMod);
311 
312  /*
313  * If it's a varlena value, force it to be in non-expanded
314  * (non-toasted) format; this avoids any possible dependency on
315  * external values and improves consistency of representation.
316  */
317  if (!con->constisnull && newcon->constlen == -1)
318  newcon->constvalue =
319  PointerGetDatum(PG_DETOAST_DATUM(newcon->constvalue));
320 
321 #ifdef RANDOMIZE_ALLOCATED_MEMORY
322 
323  /*
324  * For pass-by-reference data types, repeat the conversion to see if
325  * the input function leaves any uninitialized bytes in the result. We
326  * can only detect that reliably if RANDOMIZE_ALLOCATED_MEMORY is
327  * enabled, so we don't bother testing otherwise. The reason we don't
328  * want any instability in the input function is that comparison of
329  * Const nodes relies on bytewise comparison of the datums, so if the
330  * input function leaves garbage then subexpressions that should be
331  * identical may not get recognized as such. See pgsql-hackers
332  * discussion of 2008-04-04.
333  */
334  if (!con->constisnull && !newcon->constbyval)
335  {
336  Datum val2;
337 
338  val2 = stringTypeDatum(baseType,
339  DatumGetCString(con->constvalue),
340  inputTypeMod);
341  if (newcon->constlen == -1)
342  val2 = PointerGetDatum(PG_DETOAST_DATUM(val2));
343  if (!datumIsEqual(newcon->constvalue, val2, false, newcon->constlen))
344  elog(WARNING, "type %s has unstable input conversion for \"%s\"",
345  typeTypeName(baseType), DatumGetCString(con->constvalue));
346  }
347 #endif
348 
349  cancel_parser_errposition_callback(&pcbstate);
350 
351  result = (Node *) newcon;
352 
353  /* If target is a domain, apply constraints. */
354  if (baseTypeId != targetTypeId)
355  result = coerce_to_domain(result,
356  baseTypeId, baseTypeMod,
357  targetTypeId,
358  cformat, location, false, false);
359 
360  ReleaseSysCache(baseType);
361 
362  return result;
363  }
364  if (IsA(node, Param) &&
365  pstate != NULL && pstate->p_coerce_param_hook != NULL)
366  {
367  /*
368  * Allow the CoerceParamHook to decide what happens. It can return a
369  * transformed node (very possibly the same Param node), or return
370  * NULL to indicate we should proceed with normal coercion.
371  */
372  result = pstate->p_coerce_param_hook(pstate,
373  (Param *) node,
374  targetTypeId,
375  targetTypeMod,
376  location);
377  if (result)
378  return result;
379  }
380  if (IsA(node, CollateExpr))
381  {
382  /*
383  * If we have a COLLATE clause, we have to push the coercion
384  * underneath the COLLATE. This is really ugly, but there is little
385  * choice because the above hacks on Consts and Params wouldn't happen
386  * otherwise. This kluge has consequences in coerce_to_target_type.
387  */
388  CollateExpr *coll = (CollateExpr *) node;
389  CollateExpr *newcoll = makeNode(CollateExpr);
390 
391  newcoll->arg = (Expr *)
392  coerce_type(pstate, (Node *) coll->arg,
393  inputTypeId, targetTypeId, targetTypeMod,
394  ccontext, cformat, location);
395  newcoll->collOid = coll->collOid;
396  newcoll->location = coll->location;
397  return (Node *) newcoll;
398  }
399  pathtype = find_coercion_pathway(targetTypeId, inputTypeId, ccontext,
400  &funcId);
401  if (pathtype != COERCION_PATH_NONE)
402  {
403  if (pathtype != COERCION_PATH_RELABELTYPE)
404  {
405  /*
406  * Generate an expression tree representing run-time application
407  * of the conversion function. If we are dealing with a domain
408  * target type, the conversion function will yield the base type,
409  * and we need to extract the correct typmod to use from the
410  * domain's typtypmod.
411  */
412  Oid baseTypeId;
413  int32 baseTypeMod;
414 
415  baseTypeMod = targetTypeMod;
416  baseTypeId = getBaseTypeAndTypmod(targetTypeId, &baseTypeMod);
417 
418  result = build_coercion_expression(node, pathtype, funcId,
419  baseTypeId, baseTypeMod,
420  cformat, location,
421  (cformat != COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST));
422 
423  /*
424  * If domain, coerce to the domain type and relabel with domain
425  * type ID. We can skip the internal length-coercion step if the
426  * selected coercion function was a type-and-length coercion.
427  */
428  if (targetTypeId != baseTypeId)
429  result = coerce_to_domain(result, baseTypeId, baseTypeMod,
430  targetTypeId,
431  cformat, location, true,
432  exprIsLengthCoercion(result,
433  NULL));
434  }
435  else
436  {
437  /*
438  * We don't need to do a physical conversion, but we do need to
439  * attach a RelabelType node so that the expression will be seen
440  * to have the intended type when inspected by higher-level code.
441  *
442  * Also, domains may have value restrictions beyond the base type
443  * that must be accounted for. If the destination is a domain
444  * then we won't need a RelabelType node.
445  */
446  result = coerce_to_domain(node, InvalidOid, -1, targetTypeId,
447  cformat, location, false, false);
448  if (result == node)
449  {
450  /*
451  * XXX could we label result with exprTypmod(node) instead of
452  * default -1 typmod, to save a possible length-coercion
453  * later? Would work if both types have same interpretation of
454  * typmod, which is likely but not certain.
455  */
456  RelabelType *r = makeRelabelType((Expr *) result,
457  targetTypeId, -1,
458  InvalidOid,
459  cformat);
460 
461  r->location = location;
462  result = (Node *) r;
463  }
464  }
465  return result;
466  }
467  if (inputTypeId == RECORDOID &&
468  ISCOMPLEX(targetTypeId))
469  {
470  /* Coerce a RECORD to a specific complex type */
471  return coerce_record_to_complex(pstate, node, targetTypeId,
472  ccontext, cformat, location);
473  }
474  if (targetTypeId == RECORDOID &&
475  ISCOMPLEX(inputTypeId))
476  {
477  /* Coerce a specific complex type to RECORD */
478  /* NB: we do NOT want a RelabelType here */
479  return node;
480  }
481 #ifdef NOT_USED
482  if (inputTypeId == RECORDARRAYOID &&
483  is_complex_array(targetTypeId))
484  {
485  /* Coerce record[] to a specific complex array type */
486  /* not implemented yet ... */
487  }
488 #endif
489  if (targetTypeId == RECORDARRAYOID &&
490  is_complex_array(inputTypeId))
491  {
492  /* Coerce a specific complex array type to record[] */
493  /* NB: we do NOT want a RelabelType here */
494  return node;
495  }
496  if (typeInheritsFrom(inputTypeId, targetTypeId)
497  || typeIsOfTypedTable(inputTypeId, targetTypeId))
498  {
499  /*
500  * Input class type is a subclass of target, so generate an
501  * appropriate runtime conversion (removing unneeded columns and
502  * possibly rearranging the ones that are wanted).
503  */
504  ConvertRowtypeExpr *r = makeNode(ConvertRowtypeExpr);
505 
506  r->arg = (Expr *) node;
507  r->resulttype = targetTypeId;
508  r->convertformat = cformat;
509  r->location = location;
510  return (Node *) r;
511  }
512  /* If we get here, caller blew it */
513  elog(ERROR, "failed to find conversion function from %s to %s",
514  format_type_be(inputTypeId), format_type_be(targetTypeId));
515  return NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
516 }
517 
518 
519 /*
520  * can_coerce_type()
521  * Can input_typeids be coerced to target_typeids?
522  *
523  * We must be told the context (CAST construct, assignment, implicit coercion)
524  * as this determines the set of available casts.
525  */
526 bool
527 can_coerce_type(int nargs, Oid *input_typeids, Oid *target_typeids,
528  CoercionContext ccontext)
529 {
530  bool have_generics = false;
531  int i;
532 
533  /* run through argument list... */
534  for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++)
535  {
536  Oid inputTypeId = input_typeids[i];
537  Oid targetTypeId = target_typeids[i];
538  CoercionPathType pathtype;
539  Oid funcId;
540 
541  /* no problem if same type */
542  if (inputTypeId == targetTypeId)
543  continue;
544 
545  /* accept if target is ANY */
546  if (targetTypeId == ANYOID)
547  continue;
548 
549  /* accept if target is polymorphic, for now */
550  if (IsPolymorphicType(targetTypeId))
551  {
552  have_generics = true; /* do more checking later */
553  continue;
554  }
555 
556  /*
557  * If input is an untyped string constant, assume we can convert it to
558  * anything.
559  */
560  if (inputTypeId == UNKNOWNOID)
561  continue;
562 
563  /*
564  * If pg_cast shows that we can coerce, accept. This test now covers
565  * both binary-compatible and coercion-function cases.
566  */
567  pathtype = find_coercion_pathway(targetTypeId, inputTypeId, ccontext,
568  &funcId);
569  if (pathtype != COERCION_PATH_NONE)
570  continue;
571 
572  /*
573  * If input is RECORD and target is a composite type, assume we can
574  * coerce (may need tighter checking here)
575  */
576  if (inputTypeId == RECORDOID &&
577  ISCOMPLEX(targetTypeId))
578  continue;
579 
580  /*
581  * If input is a composite type and target is RECORD, accept
582  */
583  if (targetTypeId == RECORDOID &&
584  ISCOMPLEX(inputTypeId))
585  continue;
586 
587 #ifdef NOT_USED /* not implemented yet */
588 
589  /*
590  * If input is record[] and target is a composite array type, assume
591  * we can coerce (may need tighter checking here)
592  */
593  if (inputTypeId == RECORDARRAYOID &&
594  is_complex_array(targetTypeId))
595  continue;
596 #endif
597 
598  /*
599  * If input is a composite array type and target is record[], accept
600  */
601  if (targetTypeId == RECORDARRAYOID &&
602  is_complex_array(inputTypeId))
603  continue;
604 
605  /*
606  * If input is a class type that inherits from target, accept
607  */
608  if (typeInheritsFrom(inputTypeId, targetTypeId)
609  || typeIsOfTypedTable(inputTypeId, targetTypeId))
610  continue;
611 
612  /*
613  * Else, cannot coerce at this argument position
614  */
615  return false;
616  }
617 
618  /* If we found any generic argument types, cross-check them */
619  if (have_generics)
620  {
621  if (!check_generic_type_consistency(input_typeids, target_typeids,
622  nargs))
623  return false;
624  }
625 
626  return true;
627 }
628 
629 
630 /*
631  * Create an expression tree to represent coercion to a domain type.
632  *
633  * 'arg': input expression
634  * 'baseTypeId': base type of domain, if known (pass InvalidOid if caller
635  * has not bothered to look this up)
636  * 'baseTypeMod': base type typmod of domain, if known (pass -1 if caller
637  * has not bothered to look this up)
638  * 'typeId': target type to coerce to
639  * 'cformat': coercion format
640  * 'location': coercion request location
641  * 'hideInputCoercion': if true, hide the input coercion under this one.
642  * 'lengthCoercionDone': if true, caller already accounted for length,
643  * ie the input is already of baseTypMod as well as baseTypeId.
644  *
645  * If the target type isn't a domain, the given 'arg' is returned as-is.
646  */
647 Node *
648 coerce_to_domain(Node *arg, Oid baseTypeId, int32 baseTypeMod, Oid typeId,
649  CoercionForm cformat, int location,
650  bool hideInputCoercion,
651  bool lengthCoercionDone)
652 {
653  CoerceToDomain *result;
654 
655  /* Get the base type if it hasn't been supplied */
656  if (baseTypeId == InvalidOid)
657  baseTypeId = getBaseTypeAndTypmod(typeId, &baseTypeMod);
658 
659  /* If it isn't a domain, return the node as it was passed in */
660  if (baseTypeId == typeId)
661  return arg;
662 
663  /* Suppress display of nested coercion steps */
664  if (hideInputCoercion)
665  hide_coercion_node(arg);
666 
667  /*
668  * If the domain applies a typmod to its base type, build the appropriate
669  * coercion step. Mark it implicit for display purposes, because we don't
670  * want it shown separately by ruleutils.c; but the isExplicit flag passed
671  * to the conversion function depends on the manner in which the domain
672  * coercion is invoked, so that the semantics of implicit and explicit
673  * coercion differ. (Is that really the behavior we want?)
674  *
675  * NOTE: because we apply this as part of the fixed expression structure,
676  * ALTER DOMAIN cannot alter the typtypmod. But it's unclear that that
677  * would be safe to do anyway, without lots of knowledge about what the
678  * base type thinks the typmod means.
679  */
680  if (!lengthCoercionDone)
681  {
682  if (baseTypeMod >= 0)
683  arg = coerce_type_typmod(arg, baseTypeId, baseTypeMod,
684  COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST, location,
685  (cformat != COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST),
686  false);
687  }
688 
689  /*
690  * Now build the domain coercion node. This represents run-time checking
691  * of any constraints currently attached to the domain. This also ensures
692  * that the expression is properly labeled as to result type.
693  */
694  result = makeNode(CoerceToDomain);
695  result->arg = (Expr *) arg;
696  result->resulttype = typeId;
697  result->resulttypmod = -1; /* currently, always -1 for domains */
698  /* resultcollid will be set by parse_collate.c */
699  result->coercionformat = cformat;
700  result->location = location;
701 
702  return (Node *) result;
703 }
704 
705 
706 /*
707  * coerce_type_typmod()
708  * Force a value to a particular typmod, if meaningful and possible.
709  *
710  * This is applied to values that are going to be stored in a relation
711  * (where we have an atttypmod for the column) as well as values being
712  * explicitly CASTed (where the typmod comes from the target type spec).
713  *
714  * The caller must have already ensured that the value is of the correct
715  * type, typically by applying coerce_type.
716  *
717  * cformat determines the display properties of the generated node (if any),
718  * while isExplicit may affect semantics. If hideInputCoercion is true
719  * *and* we generate a node, the input node is forced to IMPLICIT display
720  * form, so that only the typmod coercion node will be visible when
721  * displaying the expression.
722  *
723  * NOTE: this does not need to work on domain types, because any typmod
724  * coercion for a domain is considered to be part of the type coercion
725  * needed to produce the domain value in the first place. So, no getBaseType.
726  */
727 static Node *
728 coerce_type_typmod(Node *node, Oid targetTypeId, int32 targetTypMod,
729  CoercionForm cformat, int location,
730  bool isExplicit, bool hideInputCoercion)
731 {
732  CoercionPathType pathtype;
733  Oid funcId;
734 
735  /*
736  * A negative typmod is assumed to mean that no coercion is wanted. Also,
737  * skip coercion if already done.
738  */
739  if (targetTypMod < 0 || targetTypMod == exprTypmod(node))
740  return node;
741 
742  pathtype = find_typmod_coercion_function(targetTypeId, &funcId);
743 
744  if (pathtype != COERCION_PATH_NONE)
745  {
746  /* Suppress display of nested coercion steps */
747  if (hideInputCoercion)
748  hide_coercion_node(node);
749 
750  node = build_coercion_expression(node, pathtype, funcId,
751  targetTypeId, targetTypMod,
752  cformat, location,
753  isExplicit);
754  }
755 
756  return node;
757 }
758 
759 /*
760  * Mark a coercion node as IMPLICIT so it will never be displayed by
761  * ruleutils.c. We use this when we generate a nest of coercion nodes
762  * to implement what is logically one conversion; the inner nodes are
763  * forced to IMPLICIT_CAST format. This does not change their semantics,
764  * only display behavior.
765  *
766  * It is caller error to call this on something that doesn't have a
767  * CoercionForm field.
768  */
769 static void
770 hide_coercion_node(Node *node)
771 {
772  if (IsA(node, FuncExpr))
773  ((FuncExpr *) node)->funcformat = COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST;
774  else if (IsA(node, RelabelType))
775  ((RelabelType *) node)->relabelformat = COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST;
776  else if (IsA(node, CoerceViaIO))
777  ((CoerceViaIO *) node)->coerceformat = COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST;
778  else if (IsA(node, ArrayCoerceExpr))
779  ((ArrayCoerceExpr *) node)->coerceformat = COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST;
780  else if (IsA(node, ConvertRowtypeExpr))
781  ((ConvertRowtypeExpr *) node)->convertformat = COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST;
782  else if (IsA(node, RowExpr))
783  ((RowExpr *) node)->row_format = COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST;
784  else if (IsA(node, CoerceToDomain))
785  ((CoerceToDomain *) node)->coercionformat = COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST;
786  else
787  elog(ERROR, "unsupported node type: %d", (int) nodeTag(node));
788 }
789 
790 /*
791  * build_coercion_expression()
792  * Construct an expression tree for applying a pg_cast entry.
793  *
794  * This is used for both type-coercion and length-coercion operations,
795  * since there is no difference in terms of the calling convention.
796  */
797 static Node *
798 build_coercion_expression(Node *node,
799  CoercionPathType pathtype,
800  Oid funcId,
801  Oid targetTypeId, int32 targetTypMod,
802  CoercionForm cformat, int location,
803  bool isExplicit)
804 {
805  int nargs = 0;
806 
807  if (OidIsValid(funcId))
808  {
809  HeapTuple tp;
810  Form_pg_proc procstruct;
811 
812  tp = SearchSysCache1(PROCOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(funcId));
813  if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
814  elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for function %u", funcId);
815  procstruct = (Form_pg_proc) GETSTRUCT(tp);
816 
817  /*
818  * These Asserts essentially check that function is a legal coercion
819  * function. We can't make the seemingly obvious tests on prorettype
820  * and proargtypes[0], even in the COERCION_PATH_FUNC case, because of
821  * various binary-compatibility cases.
822  */
823  /* Assert(targetTypeId == procstruct->prorettype); */
824  Assert(!procstruct->proretset);
825  Assert(!procstruct->proisagg);
826  Assert(!procstruct->proiswindow);
827  nargs = procstruct->pronargs;
828  Assert(nargs >= 1 && nargs <= 3);
829  /* Assert(procstruct->proargtypes.values[0] == exprType(node)); */
830  Assert(nargs < 2 || procstruct->proargtypes.values[1] == INT4OID);
831  Assert(nargs < 3 || procstruct->proargtypes.values[2] == BOOLOID);
832 
833  ReleaseSysCache(tp);
834  }
835 
836  if (pathtype == COERCION_PATH_FUNC)
837  {
838  /* We build an ordinary FuncExpr with special arguments */
839  FuncExpr *fexpr;
840  List *args;
841  Const *cons;
842 
843  Assert(OidIsValid(funcId));
844 
845  args = list_make1(node);
846 
847  if (nargs >= 2)
848  {
849  /* Pass target typmod as an int4 constant */
850  cons = makeConst(INT4OID,
851  -1,
852  InvalidOid,
853  sizeof(int32),
854  Int32GetDatum(targetTypMod),
855  false,
856  true);
857 
858  args = lappend(args, cons);
859  }
860 
861  if (nargs == 3)
862  {
863  /* Pass it a boolean isExplicit parameter, too */
864  cons = makeConst(BOOLOID,
865  -1,
866  InvalidOid,
867  sizeof(bool),
868  BoolGetDatum(isExplicit),
869  false,
870  true);
871 
872  args = lappend(args, cons);
873  }
874 
875  fexpr = makeFuncExpr(funcId, targetTypeId, args,
876  InvalidOid, InvalidOid, cformat);
877  fexpr->location = location;
878  return (Node *) fexpr;
879  }
880  else if (pathtype == COERCION_PATH_ARRAYCOERCE)
881  {
882  /* We need to build an ArrayCoerceExpr */
883  ArrayCoerceExpr *acoerce = makeNode(ArrayCoerceExpr);
884 
885  acoerce->arg = (Expr *) node;
886  acoerce->elemfuncid = funcId;
887  acoerce->resulttype = targetTypeId;
888 
889  /*
890  * Label the output as having a particular typmod only if we are
891  * really invoking a length-coercion function, ie one with more than
892  * one argument.
893  */
894  acoerce->resulttypmod = (nargs >= 2) ? targetTypMod : -1;
895  /* resultcollid will be set by parse_collate.c */
896  acoerce->isExplicit = isExplicit;
897  acoerce->coerceformat = cformat;
898  acoerce->location = location;
899 
900  return (Node *) acoerce;
901  }
902  else if (pathtype == COERCION_PATH_COERCEVIAIO)
903  {
904  /* We need to build a CoerceViaIO node */
905  CoerceViaIO *iocoerce = makeNode(CoerceViaIO);
906 
907  Assert(!OidIsValid(funcId));
908 
909  iocoerce->arg = (Expr *) node;
910  iocoerce->resulttype = targetTypeId;
911  /* resultcollid will be set by parse_collate.c */
912  iocoerce->coerceformat = cformat;
913  iocoerce->location = location;
914 
915  return (Node *) iocoerce;
916  }
917  else
918  {
919  elog(ERROR, "unsupported pathtype %d in build_coercion_expression",
920  (int) pathtype);
921  return NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
922  }
923 }
924 
925 
926 /*
927  * coerce_record_to_complex
928  * Coerce a RECORD to a specific composite type.
929  *
930  * Currently we only support this for inputs that are RowExprs or whole-row
931  * Vars.
932  */
933 static Node *
934 coerce_record_to_complex(ParseState *pstate, Node *node,
935  Oid targetTypeId,
936  CoercionContext ccontext,
937  CoercionForm cformat,
938  int location)
939 {
940  RowExpr *rowexpr;
941  TupleDesc tupdesc;
942  List *args = NIL;
943  List *newargs;
944  int i;
945  int ucolno;
946  ListCell *arg;
947 
948  if (node && IsA(node, RowExpr))
949  {
950  /*
951  * Since the RowExpr must be of type RECORD, we needn't worry about it
952  * containing any dropped columns.
953  */
954  args = ((RowExpr *) node)->args;
955  }
956  else if (node && IsA(node, Var) &&
957  ((Var *) node)->varattno == InvalidAttrNumber)
958  {
959  int rtindex = ((Var *) node)->varno;
960  int sublevels_up = ((Var *) node)->varlevelsup;
961  int vlocation = ((Var *) node)->location;
962  RangeTblEntry *rte;
963 
964  rte = GetRTEByRangeTablePosn(pstate, rtindex, sublevels_up);
965  expandRTE(rte, rtindex, sublevels_up, vlocation, false,
966  NULL, &args);
967  }
968  else
969  ereport(ERROR,
970  (errcode(ERRCODE_CANNOT_COERCE),
971  errmsg("cannot cast type %s to %s",
972  format_type_be(RECORDOID),
973  format_type_be(targetTypeId)),
974  parser_coercion_errposition(pstate, location, node)));
975 
976  tupdesc = lookup_rowtype_tupdesc(targetTypeId, -1);
977  newargs = NIL;
978  ucolno = 1;
979  arg = list_head(args);
980  for (i = 0; i < tupdesc->natts; i++)
981  {
982  Node *expr;
983  Node *cexpr;
984  Oid exprtype;
985  Form_pg_attribute attr = TupleDescAttr(tupdesc, i);
986 
987  /* Fill in NULLs for dropped columns in rowtype */
988  if (attr->attisdropped)
989  {
990  /*
991  * can't use atttypid here, but it doesn't really matter what type
992  * the Const claims to be.
993  */
994  newargs = lappend(newargs,
995  makeNullConst(INT4OID, -1, InvalidOid));
996  continue;
997  }
998 
999  if (arg == NULL)
1000  ereport(ERROR,
1001  (errcode(ERRCODE_CANNOT_COERCE),
1002  errmsg("cannot cast type %s to %s",
1003  format_type_be(RECORDOID),
1004  format_type_be(targetTypeId)),
1005  errdetail("Input has too few columns."),
1006  parser_coercion_errposition(pstate, location, node)));
1007  expr = (Node *) lfirst(arg);
1008  exprtype = exprType(expr);
1009 
1010  cexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
1011  expr, exprtype,
1012  attr->atttypid,
1013  attr->atttypmod,
1014  ccontext,
1015  COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
1016  -1);
1017  if (cexpr == NULL)
1018  ereport(ERROR,
1019  (errcode(ERRCODE_CANNOT_COERCE),
1020  errmsg("cannot cast type %s to %s",
1021  format_type_be(RECORDOID),
1022  format_type_be(targetTypeId)),
1023  errdetail("Cannot cast type %s to %s in column %d.",
1024  format_type_be(exprtype),
1025  format_type_be(attr->atttypid),
1026  ucolno),
1027  parser_coercion_errposition(pstate, location, expr)));
1028  newargs = lappend(newargs, cexpr);
1029  ucolno++;
1030  arg = lnext(arg);
1031  }
1032  if (arg != NULL)
1033  ereport(ERROR,
1034  (errcode(ERRCODE_CANNOT_COERCE),
1035  errmsg("cannot cast type %s to %s",
1036  format_type_be(RECORDOID),
1037  format_type_be(targetTypeId)),
1038  errdetail("Input has too many columns."),
1039  parser_coercion_errposition(pstate, location, node)));
1040 
1041  ReleaseTupleDesc(tupdesc);
1042 
1043  rowexpr = makeNode(RowExpr);
1044  rowexpr->args = newargs;
1045  rowexpr->row_typeid = targetTypeId;
1046  rowexpr->row_format = cformat;
1047  rowexpr->colnames = NIL; /* not needed for named target type */
1048  rowexpr->location = location;
1049  return (Node *) rowexpr;
1050 }
1051 
1052 /*
1053  * coerce_to_boolean()
1054  * Coerce an argument of a construct that requires boolean input
1055  * (AND, OR, NOT, etc). Also check that input is not a set.
1056  *
1057  * Returns the possibly-transformed node tree.
1058  *
1059  * As with coerce_type, pstate may be NULL if no special unknown-Param
1060  * processing is wanted.
1061  */
1062 Node *
1063 coerce_to_boolean(ParseState *pstate, Node *node,
1064  const char *constructName)
1065 {
1066  Oid inputTypeId = exprType(node);
1067 
1068  if (inputTypeId != BOOLOID)
1069  {
1070  Node *newnode;
1071 
1072  newnode = coerce_to_target_type(pstate, node, inputTypeId,
1073  BOOLOID, -1,
1074  COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
1075  COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
1076  -1);
1077  if (newnode == NULL)
1078  ereport(ERROR,
1079  (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
1080  /* translator: first %s is name of a SQL construct, eg WHERE */
1081  errmsg("argument of %s must be type %s, not type %s",
1082  constructName, "boolean",
1083  format_type_be(inputTypeId)),
1084  parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(node))));
1085  node = newnode;
1086  }
1087 
1088  if (expression_returns_set(node))
1089  ereport(ERROR,
1090  (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
1091  /* translator: %s is name of a SQL construct, eg WHERE */
1092  errmsg("argument of %s must not return a set",
1093  constructName),
1094  parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(node))));
1095 
1096  return node;
1097 }
1098 
1099 /*
1100  * coerce_to_specific_type_typmod()
1101  * Coerce an argument of a construct that requires a specific data type,
1102  * with a specific typmod. Also check that input is not a set.
1103  *
1104  * Returns the possibly-transformed node tree.
1105  *
1106  * As with coerce_type, pstate may be NULL if no special unknown-Param
1107  * processing is wanted.
1108  */
1109 Node *
1110 coerce_to_specific_type_typmod(ParseState *pstate, Node *node,
1111  Oid targetTypeId, int32 targetTypmod,
1112  const char *constructName)
1113 {
1114  Oid inputTypeId = exprType(node);
1115 
1116  if (inputTypeId != targetTypeId)
1117  {
1118  Node *newnode;
1119 
1120  newnode = coerce_to_target_type(pstate, node, inputTypeId,
1121  targetTypeId, targetTypmod,
1122  COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
1123  COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
1124  -1);
1125  if (newnode == NULL)
1126  ereport(ERROR,
1127  (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
1128  /* translator: first %s is name of a SQL construct, eg LIMIT */
1129  errmsg("argument of %s must be type %s, not type %s",
1130  constructName,
1131  format_type_be(targetTypeId),
1132  format_type_be(inputTypeId)),
1133  parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(node))));
1134  node = newnode;
1135  }
1136 
1137  if (expression_returns_set(node))
1138  ereport(ERROR,
1139  (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
1140  /* translator: %s is name of a SQL construct, eg LIMIT */
1141  errmsg("argument of %s must not return a set",
1142  constructName),
1143  parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(node))));
1144 
1145  return node;
1146 }
1147 
1148 /*
1149  * coerce_to_specific_type()
1150  * Coerce an argument of a construct that requires a specific data type.
1151  * Also check that input is not a set.
1152  *
1153  * Returns the possibly-transformed node tree.
1154  *
1155  * As with coerce_type, pstate may be NULL if no special unknown-Param
1156  * processing is wanted.
1157  */
1158 Node *
1159 coerce_to_specific_type(ParseState *pstate, Node *node,
1160  Oid targetTypeId,
1161  const char *constructName)
1162 {
1163  return coerce_to_specific_type_typmod(pstate, node,
1164  targetTypeId, -1,
1165  constructName);
1166 }
1167 
1168 /*
1169  * parser_coercion_errposition - report coercion error location, if possible
1170  *
1171  * We prefer to point at the coercion request (CAST, ::, etc) if possible;
1172  * but there may be no such location in the case of an implicit coercion.
1173  * In that case point at the input expression.
1174  *
1175  * XXX possibly this is more generally useful than coercion errors;
1176  * if so, should rename and place with parser_errposition.
1177  */
1178 int
1179 parser_coercion_errposition(ParseState *pstate,
1180  int coerce_location,
1181  Node *input_expr)
1182 {
1183  if (coerce_location >= 0)
1184  return parser_errposition(pstate, coerce_location);
1185  else
1186  return parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(input_expr));
1187 }
1188 
1189 
1190 /*
1191  * select_common_type()
1192  * Determine the common supertype of a list of input expressions.
1193  * This is used for determining the output type of CASE, UNION,
1194  * and similar constructs.
1195  *
1196  * 'exprs' is a *nonempty* list of expressions. Note that earlier items
1197  * in the list will be preferred if there is doubt.
1198  * 'context' is a phrase to use in the error message if we fail to select
1199  * a usable type. Pass NULL to have the routine return InvalidOid
1200  * rather than throwing an error on failure.
1201  * 'which_expr': if not NULL, receives a pointer to the particular input
1202  * expression from which the result type was taken.
1203  */
1204 Oid
1205 select_common_type(ParseState *pstate, List *exprs, const char *context,
1206  Node **which_expr)
1207 {
1208  Node *pexpr;
1209  Oid ptype;
1210  TYPCATEGORY pcategory;
1211  bool pispreferred;
1212  ListCell *lc;
1213 
1214  Assert(exprs != NIL);
1215  pexpr = (Node *) linitial(exprs);
1216  lc = lnext(list_head(exprs));
1217  ptype = exprType(pexpr);
1218 
1219  /*
1220  * If all input types are valid and exactly the same, just pick that type.
1221  * This is the only way that we will resolve the result as being a domain
1222  * type; otherwise domains are smashed to their base types for comparison.
1223  */
1224  if (ptype != UNKNOWNOID)
1225  {
1226  for_each_cell(lc, lc)
1227  {
1228  Node *nexpr = (Node *) lfirst(lc);
1229  Oid ntype = exprType(nexpr);
1230 
1231  if (ntype != ptype)
1232  break;
1233  }
1234  if (lc == NULL) /* got to the end of the list? */
1235  {
1236  if (which_expr)
1237  *which_expr = pexpr;
1238  return ptype;
1239  }
1240  }
1241 
1242  /*
1243  * Nope, so set up for the full algorithm. Note that at this point, lc
1244  * points to the first list item with type different from pexpr's; we need
1245  * not re-examine any items the previous loop advanced over.
1246  */
1247  ptype = getBaseType(ptype);
1248  get_type_category_preferred(ptype, &pcategory, &pispreferred);
1249 
1250  for_each_cell(lc, lc)
1251  {
1252  Node *nexpr = (Node *) lfirst(lc);
1253  Oid ntype = getBaseType(exprType(nexpr));
1254 
1255  /* move on to next one if no new information... */
1256  if (ntype != UNKNOWNOID && ntype != ptype)
1257  {
1258  TYPCATEGORY ncategory;
1259  bool nispreferred;
1260 
1261  get_type_category_preferred(ntype, &ncategory, &nispreferred);
1262  if (ptype == UNKNOWNOID)
1263  {
1264  /* so far, only unknowns so take anything... */
1265  pexpr = nexpr;
1266  ptype = ntype;
1267  pcategory = ncategory;
1268  pispreferred = nispreferred;
1269  }
1270  else if (ncategory != pcategory)
1271  {
1272  /*
1273  * both types in different categories? then not much hope...
1274  */
1275  if (context == NULL)
1276  return InvalidOid;
1277  ereport(ERROR,
1278  (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
1279  /*------
1280  translator: first %s is name of a SQL construct, eg CASE */
1281  errmsg("%s types %s and %s cannot be matched",
1282  context,
1283  format_type_be(ptype),
1284  format_type_be(ntype)),
1285  parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(nexpr))));
1286  }
1287  else if (!pispreferred &&
1288  can_coerce_type(1, &ptype, &ntype, COERCION_IMPLICIT) &&
1289  !can_coerce_type(1, &ntype, &ptype, COERCION_IMPLICIT))
1290  {
1291  /*
1292  * take new type if can coerce to it implicitly but not the
1293  * other way; but if we have a preferred type, stay on it.
1294  */
1295  pexpr = nexpr;
1296  ptype = ntype;
1297  pcategory = ncategory;
1298  pispreferred = nispreferred;
1299  }
1300  }
1301  }
1302 
1303  /*
1304  * If all the inputs were UNKNOWN type --- ie, unknown-type literals ---
1305  * then resolve as type TEXT. This situation comes up with constructs
1306  * like SELECT (CASE WHEN foo THEN 'bar' ELSE 'baz' END); SELECT 'foo'
1307  * UNION SELECT 'bar'; It might seem desirable to leave the construct's
1308  * output type as UNKNOWN, but that really doesn't work, because we'd
1309  * probably end up needing a runtime coercion from UNKNOWN to something
1310  * else, and we usually won't have it. We need to coerce the unknown
1311  * literals while they are still literals, so a decision has to be made
1312  * now.
1313  */
1314  if (ptype == UNKNOWNOID)
1315  ptype = TEXTOID;
1316 
1317  if (which_expr)
1318  *which_expr = pexpr;
1319  return ptype;
1320 }
1321 
1322 /*
1323  * coerce_to_common_type()
1324  * Coerce an expression to the given type.
1325  *
1326  * This is used following select_common_type() to coerce the individual
1327  * expressions to the desired type. 'context' is a phrase to use in the
1328  * error message if we fail to coerce.
1329  *
1330  * As with coerce_type, pstate may be NULL if no special unknown-Param
1331  * processing is wanted.
1332  */
1333 Node *
1334 coerce_to_common_type(ParseState *pstate, Node *node,
1335  Oid targetTypeId, const char *context)
1336 {
1337  Oid inputTypeId = exprType(node);
1338 
1339  if (inputTypeId == targetTypeId)
1340  return node; /* no work */
1341  if (can_coerce_type(1, &inputTypeId, &targetTypeId, COERCION_IMPLICIT))
1342  node = coerce_type(pstate, node, inputTypeId, targetTypeId, -1,
1343  COERCION_IMPLICIT, COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST, -1);
1344  else
1345  ereport(ERROR,
1346  (errcode(ERRCODE_CANNOT_COERCE),
1347  /* translator: first %s is name of a SQL construct, eg CASE */
1348  errmsg("%s could not convert type %s to %s",
1349  context,
1350  format_type_be(inputTypeId),
1351  format_type_be(targetTypeId)),
1352  parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(node))));
1353  return node;
1354 }
1355 
1356 /*
1357  * check_generic_type_consistency()
1358  * Are the actual arguments potentially compatible with a
1359  * polymorphic function?
1360  *
1361  * The argument consistency rules are:
1362  *
1363  * 1) All arguments declared ANYELEMENT must have the same datatype.
1364  * 2) All arguments declared ANYARRAY must have the same datatype,
1365  * which must be a varlena array type.
1366  * 3) All arguments declared ANYRANGE must have the same datatype,
1367  * which must be a range type.
1368  * 4) If there are arguments of both ANYELEMENT and ANYARRAY, make sure the
1369  * actual ANYELEMENT datatype is in fact the element type for the actual
1370  * ANYARRAY datatype.
1371  * 5) Similarly, if there are arguments of both ANYELEMENT and ANYRANGE,
1372  * make sure the actual ANYELEMENT datatype is in fact the subtype for
1373  * the actual ANYRANGE type.
1374  * 6) ANYENUM is treated the same as ANYELEMENT except that if it is used
1375  * (alone or in combination with plain ANYELEMENT), we add the extra
1376  * condition that the ANYELEMENT type must be an enum.
1377  * 7) ANYNONARRAY is treated the same as ANYELEMENT except that if it is used,
1378  * we add the extra condition that the ANYELEMENT type must not be an array.
1379  * (This is a no-op if used in combination with ANYARRAY or ANYENUM, but
1380  * is an extra restriction if not.)
1381  *
1382  * Domains over arrays match ANYARRAY, and are immediately flattened to their
1383  * base type. (Thus, for example, we will consider it a match if one ANYARRAY
1384  * argument is a domain over int4[] while another one is just int4[].) Also
1385  * notice that such a domain does *not* match ANYNONARRAY.
1386  *
1387  * Similarly, domains over ranges match ANYRANGE, and are immediately
1388  * flattened to their base type.
1389  *
1390  * Note that domains aren't currently considered to match ANYENUM,
1391  * even if their base type would match.
1392  *
1393  * If we have UNKNOWN input (ie, an untyped literal) for any polymorphic
1394  * argument, assume it is okay.
1395  *
1396  * If an input is of type ANYARRAY (ie, we know it's an array, but not
1397  * what element type), we will accept it as a match to an argument declared
1398  * ANYARRAY, so long as we don't have to determine an element type ---
1399  * that is, so long as there is no use of ANYELEMENT. This is mostly for
1400  * backwards compatibility with the pre-7.4 behavior of ANYARRAY.
1401  *
1402  * We do not ereport here, but just return FALSE if a rule is violated.
1403  */
1404 bool
1405 check_generic_type_consistency(Oid *actual_arg_types,
1406  Oid *declared_arg_types,
1407  int nargs)
1408 {
1409  int j;
1410  Oid elem_typeid = InvalidOid;
1411  Oid array_typeid = InvalidOid;
1412  Oid array_typelem;
1413  Oid range_typeid = InvalidOid;
1414  Oid range_typelem;
1415  bool have_anyelement = false;
1416  bool have_anynonarray = false;
1417  bool have_anyenum = false;
1418 
1419  /*
1420  * Loop through the arguments to see if we have any that are polymorphic.
1421  * If so, require the actual types to be consistent.
1422  */
1423  for (j = 0; j < nargs; j++)
1424  {
1425  Oid decl_type = declared_arg_types[j];
1426  Oid actual_type = actual_arg_types[j];
1427 
1428  if (decl_type == ANYELEMENTOID ||
1429  decl_type == ANYNONARRAYOID ||
1430  decl_type == ANYENUMOID)
1431  {
1432  have_anyelement = true;
1433  if (decl_type == ANYNONARRAYOID)
1434  have_anynonarray = true;
1435  else if (decl_type == ANYENUMOID)
1436  have_anyenum = true;
1437  if (actual_type == UNKNOWNOID)
1438  continue;
1439  if (OidIsValid(elem_typeid) && actual_type != elem_typeid)
1440  return false;
1441  elem_typeid = actual_type;
1442  }
1443  else if (decl_type == ANYARRAYOID)
1444  {
1445  if (actual_type == UNKNOWNOID)
1446  continue;
1447  actual_type = getBaseType(actual_type); /* flatten domains */
1448  if (OidIsValid(array_typeid) && actual_type != array_typeid)
1449  return false;
1450  array_typeid = actual_type;
1451  }
1452  else if (decl_type == ANYRANGEOID)
1453  {
1454  if (actual_type == UNKNOWNOID)
1455  continue;
1456  actual_type = getBaseType(actual_type); /* flatten domains */
1457  if (OidIsValid(range_typeid) && actual_type != range_typeid)
1458  return false;
1459  range_typeid = actual_type;
1460  }
1461  }
1462 
1463  /* Get the element type based on the array type, if we have one */
1464  if (OidIsValid(array_typeid))
1465  {
1466  if (array_typeid == ANYARRAYOID)
1467  {
1468  /* Special case for ANYARRAY input: okay iff no ANYELEMENT */
1469  if (have_anyelement)
1470  return false;
1471  return true;
1472  }
1473 
1474  array_typelem = get_element_type(array_typeid);
1475  if (!OidIsValid(array_typelem))
1476  return false; /* should be an array, but isn't */
1477 
1478  if (!OidIsValid(elem_typeid))
1479  {
1480  /*
1481  * if we don't have an element type yet, use the one we just got
1482  */
1483  elem_typeid = array_typelem;
1484  }
1485  else if (array_typelem != elem_typeid)
1486  {
1487  /* otherwise, they better match */
1488  return false;
1489  }
1490  }
1491 
1492  /* Get the element type based on the range type, if we have one */
1493  if (OidIsValid(range_typeid))
1494  {
1495  range_typelem = get_range_subtype(range_typeid);
1496  if (!OidIsValid(range_typelem))
1497  return false; /* should be a range, but isn't */
1498 
1499  if (!OidIsValid(elem_typeid))
1500  {
1501  /*
1502  * if we don't have an element type yet, use the one we just got
1503  */
1504  elem_typeid = range_typelem;
1505  }
1506  else if (range_typelem != elem_typeid)
1507  {
1508  /* otherwise, they better match */
1509  return false;
1510  }
1511  }
1512 
1513  if (have_anynonarray)
1514  {
1515  /* require the element type to not be an array or domain over array */
1516  if (type_is_array_domain(elem_typeid))
1517  return false;
1518  }
1519 
1520  if (have_anyenum)
1521  {
1522  /* require the element type to be an enum */
1523  if (!type_is_enum(elem_typeid))
1524  return false;
1525  }
1526 
1527  /* Looks valid */
1528  return true;
1529 }
1530 
1531 /*
1532  * enforce_generic_type_consistency()
1533  * Make sure a polymorphic function is legally callable, and
1534  * deduce actual argument and result types.
1535  *
1536  * If any polymorphic pseudotype is used in a function's arguments or
1537  * return type, we make sure the actual data types are consistent with
1538  * each other. The argument consistency rules are shown above for
1539  * check_generic_type_consistency().
1540  *
1541  * If we have UNKNOWN input (ie, an untyped literal) for any polymorphic
1542  * argument, we attempt to deduce the actual type it should have. If
1543  * successful, we alter that position of declared_arg_types[] so that
1544  * make_fn_arguments will coerce the literal to the right thing.
1545  *
1546  * Rules are applied to the function's return type (possibly altering it)
1547  * if it is declared as a polymorphic type:
1548  *
1549  * 1) If return type is ANYARRAY, and any argument is ANYARRAY, use the
1550  * argument's actual type as the function's return type.
1551  * 2) Similarly, if return type is ANYRANGE, and any argument is ANYRANGE,
1552  * use the argument's actual type as the function's return type.
1553  * 3) If return type is ANYARRAY, no argument is ANYARRAY, but any argument is
1554  * ANYELEMENT, use the actual type of the argument to determine the
1555  * function's return type, i.e. the element type's corresponding array
1556  * type. (Note: similar behavior does not exist for ANYRANGE, because it's
1557  * impossible to determine the range type from the subtype alone.)
1558  * 4) If return type is ANYARRAY, but no argument is ANYARRAY or ANYELEMENT,
1559  * generate an error. Similarly, if return type is ANYRANGE, but no
1560  * argument is ANYRANGE, generate an error. (These conditions are
1561  * prevented by CREATE FUNCTION and therefore are not expected here.)
1562  * 5) If return type is ANYELEMENT, and any argument is ANYELEMENT, use the
1563  * argument's actual type as the function's return type.
1564  * 6) If return type is ANYELEMENT, no argument is ANYELEMENT, but any argument
1565  * is ANYARRAY or ANYRANGE, use the actual type of the argument to determine
1566  * the function's return type, i.e. the array type's corresponding element
1567  * type or the range type's corresponding subtype (or both, in which case
1568  * they must match).
1569  * 7) If return type is ANYELEMENT, no argument is ANYELEMENT, ANYARRAY, or
1570  * ANYRANGE, generate an error. (This condition is prevented by CREATE
1571  * FUNCTION and therefore is not expected here.)
1572  * 8) ANYENUM is treated the same as ANYELEMENT except that if it is used
1573  * (alone or in combination with plain ANYELEMENT), we add the extra
1574  * condition that the ANYELEMENT type must be an enum.
1575  * 9) ANYNONARRAY is treated the same as ANYELEMENT except that if it is used,
1576  * we add the extra condition that the ANYELEMENT type must not be an array.
1577  * (This is a no-op if used in combination with ANYARRAY or ANYENUM, but
1578  * is an extra restriction if not.)
1579  *
1580  * Domains over arrays or ranges match ANYARRAY or ANYRANGE arguments,
1581  * respectively, and are immediately flattened to their base type. (In
1582  * particular, if the return type is also ANYARRAY or ANYRANGE, we'll set it
1583  * to the base type not the domain type.)
1584  *
1585  * When allow_poly is false, we are not expecting any of the actual_arg_types
1586  * to be polymorphic, and we should not return a polymorphic result type
1587  * either. When allow_poly is true, it is okay to have polymorphic "actual"
1588  * arg types, and we can return ANYARRAY, ANYRANGE, or ANYELEMENT as the
1589  * result. (This case is currently used only to check compatibility of an
1590  * aggregate's declaration with the underlying transfn.)
1591  *
1592  * A special case is that we could see ANYARRAY as an actual_arg_type even
1593  * when allow_poly is false (this is possible only because pg_statistic has
1594  * columns shown as anyarray in the catalogs). We allow this to match a
1595  * declared ANYARRAY argument, but only if there is no ANYELEMENT argument
1596  * or result (since we can't determine a specific element type to match to
1597  * ANYELEMENT). Note this means that functions taking ANYARRAY had better
1598  * behave sanely if applied to the pg_statistic columns; they can't just
1599  * assume that successive inputs are of the same actual element type.
1600  */
1601 Oid
1602 enforce_generic_type_consistency(Oid *actual_arg_types,
1603  Oid *declared_arg_types,
1604  int nargs,
1605  Oid rettype,
1606  bool allow_poly)
1607 {
1608  int j;
1609  bool have_generics = false;
1610  bool have_unknowns = false;
1611  Oid elem_typeid = InvalidOid;
1612  Oid array_typeid = InvalidOid;
1613  Oid range_typeid = InvalidOid;
1614  Oid array_typelem;
1615  Oid range_typelem;
1616  bool have_anyelement = (rettype == ANYELEMENTOID ||
1617  rettype == ANYNONARRAYOID ||
1618  rettype == ANYENUMOID);
1619  bool have_anynonarray = (rettype == ANYNONARRAYOID);
1620  bool have_anyenum = (rettype == ANYENUMOID);
1621 
1622  /*
1623  * Loop through the arguments to see if we have any that are polymorphic.
1624  * If so, require the actual types to be consistent.
1625  */
1626  for (j = 0; j < nargs; j++)
1627  {
1628  Oid decl_type = declared_arg_types[j];
1629  Oid actual_type = actual_arg_types[j];
1630 
1631  if (decl_type == ANYELEMENTOID ||
1632  decl_type == ANYNONARRAYOID ||
1633  decl_type == ANYENUMOID)
1634  {
1635  have_generics = have_anyelement = true;
1636  if (decl_type == ANYNONARRAYOID)
1637  have_anynonarray = true;
1638  else if (decl_type == ANYENUMOID)
1639  have_anyenum = true;
1640  if (actual_type == UNKNOWNOID)
1641  {
1642  have_unknowns = true;
1643  continue;
1644  }
1645  if (allow_poly && decl_type == actual_type)
1646  continue; /* no new information here */
1647  if (OidIsValid(elem_typeid) && actual_type != elem_typeid)
1648  ereport(ERROR,
1649  (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
1650  errmsg("arguments declared \"anyelement\" are not all alike"),
1651  errdetail("%s versus %s",
1652  format_type_be(elem_typeid),
1653  format_type_be(actual_type))));
1654  elem_typeid = actual_type;
1655  }
1656  else if (decl_type == ANYARRAYOID)
1657  {
1658  have_generics = true;
1659  if (actual_type == UNKNOWNOID)
1660  {
1661  have_unknowns = true;
1662  continue;
1663  }
1664  if (allow_poly && decl_type == actual_type)
1665  continue; /* no new information here */
1666  actual_type = getBaseType(actual_type); /* flatten domains */
1667  if (OidIsValid(array_typeid) && actual_type != array_typeid)
1668  ereport(ERROR,
1669  (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
1670  errmsg("arguments declared \"anyarray\" are not all alike"),
1671  errdetail("%s versus %s",
1672  format_type_be(array_typeid),
1673  format_type_be(actual_type))));
1674  array_typeid = actual_type;
1675  }
1676  else if (decl_type == ANYRANGEOID)
1677  {
1678  have_generics = true;
1679  if (actual_type == UNKNOWNOID)
1680  {
1681  have_unknowns = true;
1682  continue;
1683  }
1684  if (allow_poly && decl_type == actual_type)
1685  continue; /* no new information here */
1686  actual_type = getBaseType(actual_type); /* flatten domains */
1687  if (OidIsValid(range_typeid) && actual_type != range_typeid)
1688  ereport(ERROR,
1689  (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
1690  errmsg("arguments declared \"anyrange\" are not all alike"),
1691  errdetail("%s versus %s",
1692  format_type_be(range_typeid),
1693  format_type_be(actual_type))));
1694  range_typeid = actual_type;
1695  }
1696  }
1697 
1698  /*
1699  * Fast Track: if none of the arguments are polymorphic, return the
1700  * unmodified rettype. We assume it can't be polymorphic either.
1701  */
1702  if (!have_generics)
1703  return rettype;
1704 
1705  /* Get the element type based on the array type, if we have one */
1706  if (OidIsValid(array_typeid))
1707  {
1708  if (array_typeid == ANYARRAYOID && !have_anyelement)
1709  {
1710  /* Special case for ANYARRAY input: okay iff no ANYELEMENT */
1711  array_typelem = ANYELEMENTOID;
1712  }
1713  else
1714  {
1715  array_typelem = get_element_type(array_typeid);
1716  if (!OidIsValid(array_typelem))
1717  ereport(ERROR,
1718  (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
1719  errmsg("argument declared %s is not an array but type %s",
1720  "anyarray", format_type_be(array_typeid))));
1721  }
1722 
1723  if (!OidIsValid(elem_typeid))
1724  {
1725  /*
1726  * if we don't have an element type yet, use the one we just got
1727  */
1728  elem_typeid = array_typelem;
1729  }
1730  else if (array_typelem != elem_typeid)
1731  {
1732  /* otherwise, they better match */
1733  ereport(ERROR,
1734  (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
1735  errmsg("argument declared %s is not consistent with argument declared %s",
1736  "anyarray", "anyelement"),
1737  errdetail("%s versus %s",
1738  format_type_be(array_typeid),
1739  format_type_be(elem_typeid))));
1740  }
1741  }
1742 
1743  /* Get the element type based on the range type, if we have one */
1744  if (OidIsValid(range_typeid))
1745  {
1746  if (range_typeid == ANYRANGEOID && !have_anyelement)
1747  {
1748  /* Special case for ANYRANGE input: okay iff no ANYELEMENT */
1749  range_typelem = ANYELEMENTOID;
1750  }
1751  else
1752  {
1753  range_typelem = get_range_subtype(range_typeid);
1754  if (!OidIsValid(range_typelem))
1755  ereport(ERROR,
1756  (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
1757  errmsg("argument declared %s is not a range type but type %s",
1758  "anyrange",
1759  format_type_be(range_typeid))));
1760  }
1761 
1762  if (!OidIsValid(elem_typeid))
1763  {
1764  /*
1765  * if we don't have an element type yet, use the one we just got
1766  */
1767  elem_typeid = range_typelem;
1768  }
1769  else if (range_typelem != elem_typeid)
1770  {
1771  /* otherwise, they better match */
1772  ereport(ERROR,
1773  (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
1774  errmsg("argument declared %s is not consistent with argument declared %s",
1775  "anyrange", "anyelement"),
1776  errdetail("%s versus %s",
1777  format_type_be(range_typeid),
1778  format_type_be(elem_typeid))));
1779  }
1780  }
1781 
1782  if (!OidIsValid(elem_typeid))
1783  {
1784  if (allow_poly)
1785  {
1786  elem_typeid = ANYELEMENTOID;
1787  array_typeid = ANYARRAYOID;
1788  range_typeid = ANYRANGEOID;
1789  }
1790  else
1791  {
1792  /* Only way to get here is if all the generic args are UNKNOWN */
1793  ereport(ERROR,
1794  (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
1795  errmsg("could not determine polymorphic type because input has type %s",
1796  "unknown")));
1797  }
1798  }
1799 
1800  if (have_anynonarray && elem_typeid != ANYELEMENTOID)
1801  {
1802  /* require the element type to not be an array or domain over array */
1803  if (type_is_array_domain(elem_typeid))
1804  ereport(ERROR,
1805  (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
1806  errmsg("type matched to anynonarray is an array type: %s",
1807  format_type_be(elem_typeid))));
1808  }
1809 
1810  if (have_anyenum && elem_typeid != ANYELEMENTOID)
1811  {
1812  /* require the element type to be an enum */
1813  if (!type_is_enum(elem_typeid))
1814  ereport(ERROR,
1815  (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
1816  errmsg("type matched to anyenum is not an enum type: %s",
1817  format_type_be(elem_typeid))));
1818  }
1819 
1820  /*
1821  * If we had any unknown inputs, re-scan to assign correct types
1822  */
1823  if (have_unknowns)
1824  {
1825  for (j = 0; j < nargs; j++)
1826  {
1827  Oid decl_type = declared_arg_types[j];
1828  Oid actual_type = actual_arg_types[j];
1829 
1830  if (actual_type != UNKNOWNOID)
1831  continue;
1832 
1833  if (decl_type == ANYELEMENTOID ||
1834  decl_type == ANYNONARRAYOID ||
1835  decl_type == ANYENUMOID)
1836  declared_arg_types[j] = elem_typeid;
1837  else if (decl_type == ANYARRAYOID)
1838  {
1839  if (!OidIsValid(array_typeid))
1840  {
1841  array_typeid = get_array_type(elem_typeid);
1842  if (!OidIsValid(array_typeid))
1843  ereport(ERROR,
1844  (errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
1845  errmsg("could not find array type for data type %s",
1846  format_type_be(elem_typeid))));
1847  }
1848  declared_arg_types[j] = array_typeid;
1849  }
1850  else if (decl_type == ANYRANGEOID)
1851  {
1852  if (!OidIsValid(range_typeid))
1853  {
1854  ereport(ERROR,
1855  (errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
1856  errmsg("could not find range type for data type %s",
1857  format_type_be(elem_typeid))));
1858  }
1859  declared_arg_types[j] = range_typeid;
1860  }
1861  }
1862  }
1863 
1864  /* if we return ANYARRAY use the appropriate argument type */
1865  if (rettype == ANYARRAYOID)
1866  {
1867  if (!OidIsValid(array_typeid))
1868  {
1869  array_typeid = get_array_type(elem_typeid);
1870  if (!OidIsValid(array_typeid))
1871  ereport(ERROR,
1872  (errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
1873  errmsg("could not find array type for data type %s",
1874  format_type_be(elem_typeid))));
1875  }
1876  return array_typeid;
1877  }
1878 
1879  /* if we return ANYRANGE use the appropriate argument type */
1880  if (rettype == ANYRANGEOID)
1881  {
1882  if (!OidIsValid(range_typeid))
1883  {
1884  ereport(ERROR,
1885  (errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
1886  errmsg("could not find range type for data type %s",
1887  format_type_be(elem_typeid))));
1888  }
1889  return range_typeid;
1890  }
1891 
1892  /* if we return ANYELEMENT use the appropriate argument type */
1893  if (rettype == ANYELEMENTOID ||
1894  rettype == ANYNONARRAYOID ||
1895  rettype == ANYENUMOID)
1896  return elem_typeid;
1897 
1898  /* we don't return a generic type; send back the original return type */
1899  return rettype;
1900 }
1901 
1902 /*
1903  * resolve_generic_type()
1904  * Deduce an individual actual datatype on the assumption that
1905  * the rules for polymorphic types are being followed.
1906  *
1907  * declared_type is the declared datatype we want to resolve.
1908  * context_actual_type is the actual input datatype to some argument
1909  * that has declared datatype context_declared_type.
1910  *
1911  * If declared_type isn't polymorphic, we just return it. Otherwise,
1912  * context_declared_type must be polymorphic, and we deduce the correct
1913  * return type based on the relationship of the two polymorphic types.
1914  */
1915 Oid
1916 resolve_generic_type(Oid declared_type,
1917  Oid context_actual_type,
1918  Oid context_declared_type)
1919 {
1920  if (declared_type == ANYARRAYOID)
1921  {
1922  if (context_declared_type == ANYARRAYOID)
1923  {
1924  /*
1925  * Use actual type, but it must be an array; or if it's a domain
1926  * over array, use the base array type.
1927  */
1928  Oid context_base_type = getBaseType(context_actual_type);
1929  Oid array_typelem = get_element_type(context_base_type);
1930 
1931  if (!OidIsValid(array_typelem))
1932  ereport(ERROR,
1933  (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
1934  errmsg("argument declared %s is not an array but type %s",
1935  "anyarray", format_type_be(context_base_type))));
1936  return context_base_type;
1937  }
1938  else if (context_declared_type == ANYELEMENTOID ||
1939  context_declared_type == ANYNONARRAYOID ||
1940  context_declared_type == ANYENUMOID ||
1941  context_declared_type == ANYRANGEOID)
1942  {
1943  /* Use the array type corresponding to actual type */
1944  Oid array_typeid = get_array_type(context_actual_type);
1945 
1946  if (!OidIsValid(array_typeid))
1947  ereport(ERROR,
1948  (errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
1949  errmsg("could not find array type for data type %s",
1950  format_type_be(context_actual_type))));
1951  return array_typeid;
1952  }
1953  }
1954  else if (declared_type == ANYELEMENTOID ||
1955  declared_type == ANYNONARRAYOID ||
1956  declared_type == ANYENUMOID ||
1957  declared_type == ANYRANGEOID)
1958  {
1959  if (context_declared_type == ANYARRAYOID)
1960  {
1961  /* Use the element type corresponding to actual type */
1962  Oid context_base_type = getBaseType(context_actual_type);
1963  Oid array_typelem = get_element_type(context_base_type);
1964 
1965  if (!OidIsValid(array_typelem))
1966  ereport(ERROR,
1967  (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
1968  errmsg("argument declared %s is not an array but type %s",
1969  "anyarray", format_type_be(context_base_type))));
1970  return array_typelem;
1971  }
1972  else if (context_declared_type == ANYRANGEOID)
1973  {
1974  /* Use the element type corresponding to actual type */
1975  Oid context_base_type = getBaseType(context_actual_type);
1976  Oid range_typelem = get_range_subtype(context_base_type);
1977 
1978  if (!OidIsValid(range_typelem))
1979  ereport(ERROR,
1980  (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
1981  errmsg("argument declared %s is not a range type but type %s",
1982  "anyrange", format_type_be(context_base_type))));
1983  return range_typelem;
1984  }
1985  else if (context_declared_type == ANYELEMENTOID ||
1986  context_declared_type == ANYNONARRAYOID ||
1987  context_declared_type == ANYENUMOID)
1988  {
1989  /* Use the actual type; it doesn't matter if array or not */
1990  return context_actual_type;
1991  }
1992  }
1993  else
1994  {
1995  /* declared_type isn't polymorphic, so return it as-is */
1996  return declared_type;
1997  }
1998  /* If we get here, declared_type is polymorphic and context isn't */
1999  /* NB: this is a calling-code logic error, not a user error */
2000  elog(ERROR, "could not determine polymorphic type because context isn't polymorphic");
2001  return InvalidOid; /* keep compiler quiet */
2002 }
2003 
2004 
2005 /* TypeCategory()
2006  * Assign a category to the specified type OID.
2007  *
2008  * NB: this must not return TYPCATEGORY_INVALID.
2009  */
2010 TYPCATEGORY
2011 TypeCategory(Oid type)
2012 {
2013  char typcategory;
2014  bool typispreferred;
2015 
2016  get_type_category_preferred(type, &typcategory, &typispreferred);
2017  Assert(typcategory != TYPCATEGORY_INVALID);
2018  return (TYPCATEGORY) typcategory;
2019 }
2020 
2021 
2022 /* IsPreferredType()
2023  * Check if this type is a preferred type for the given category.
2024  *
2025  * If category is TYPCATEGORY_INVALID, then we'll return TRUE for preferred
2026  * types of any category; otherwise, only for preferred types of that
2027  * category.
2028  */
2029 bool
2030 IsPreferredType(TYPCATEGORY category, Oid type)
2031 {
2032  char typcategory;
2033  bool typispreferred;
2034 
2035  get_type_category_preferred(type, &typcategory, &typispreferred);
2036  if (category == typcategory || category == TYPCATEGORY_INVALID)
2037  return typispreferred;
2038  else
2039  return false;
2040 }
2041 
2042 
2043 /* IsBinaryCoercible()
2044  * Check if srctype is binary-coercible to targettype.
2045  *
2046  * This notion allows us to cheat and directly exchange values without
2047  * going through the trouble of calling a conversion function. Note that
2048  * in general, this should only be an implementation shortcut. Before 7.4,
2049  * this was also used as a heuristic for resolving overloaded functions and
2050  * operators, but that's basically a bad idea.
2051  *
2052  * As of 7.3, binary coercibility isn't hardwired into the code anymore.
2053  * We consider two types binary-coercible if there is an implicitly
2054  * invokable, no-function-needed pg_cast entry. Also, a domain is always
2055  * binary-coercible to its base type, though *not* vice versa (in the other
2056  * direction, one must apply domain constraint checks before accepting the
2057  * value as legitimate). We also need to special-case various polymorphic
2058  * types.
2059  *
2060  * This function replaces IsBinaryCompatible(), which was an inherently
2061  * symmetric test. Since the pg_cast entries aren't necessarily symmetric,
2062  * the order of the operands is now significant.
2063  */
2064 bool
2065 IsBinaryCoercible(Oid srctype, Oid targettype)
2066 {
2067  HeapTuple tuple;
2068  Form_pg_cast castForm;
2069  bool result;
2070 
2071  /* Fast path if same type */
2072  if (srctype == targettype)
2073  return true;
2074 
2075  /* Anything is coercible to ANY or ANYELEMENT */
2076  if (targettype == ANYOID || targettype == ANYELEMENTOID)
2077  return true;
2078 
2079  /* If srctype is a domain, reduce to its base type */
2080  if (OidIsValid(srctype))
2081  srctype = getBaseType(srctype);
2082 
2083  /* Somewhat-fast path for domain -> base type case */
2084  if (srctype == targettype)
2085  return true;
2086 
2087  /* Also accept any array type as coercible to ANYARRAY */
2088  if (targettype == ANYARRAYOID)
2089  if (type_is_array(srctype))
2090  return true;
2091 
2092  /* Also accept any non-array type as coercible to ANYNONARRAY */
2093  if (targettype == ANYNONARRAYOID)
2094  if (!type_is_array(srctype))
2095  return true;
2096 
2097  /* Also accept any enum type as coercible to ANYENUM */
2098  if (targettype == ANYENUMOID)
2099  if (type_is_enum(srctype))
2100  return true;
2101 
2102  /* Also accept any range type as coercible to ANYRANGE */
2103  if (targettype == ANYRANGEOID)
2104  if (type_is_range(srctype))
2105  return true;
2106 
2107  /* Also accept any composite type as coercible to RECORD */
2108  if (targettype == RECORDOID)
2109  if (ISCOMPLEX(srctype))
2110  return true;
2111 
2112  /* Also accept any composite array type as coercible to RECORD[] */
2113  if (targettype == RECORDARRAYOID)
2114  if (is_complex_array(srctype))
2115  return true;
2116 
2117  /* Else look in pg_cast */
2118  tuple = SearchSysCache2(CASTSOURCETARGET,
2119  ObjectIdGetDatum(srctype),
2120  ObjectIdGetDatum(targettype));
2121  if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tuple))
2122  return false; /* no cast */
2123  castForm = (Form_pg_cast) GETSTRUCT(tuple);
2124 
2125  result = (castForm->castmethod == COERCION_METHOD_BINARY &&
2126  castForm->castcontext == COERCION_CODE_IMPLICIT);
2127 
2128  ReleaseSysCache(tuple);
2129 
2130  return result;
2131 }
2132 
2133 
2134 /*
2135  * find_coercion_pathway
2136  * Look for a coercion pathway between two types.
2137  *
2138  * Currently, this deals only with scalar-type cases; it does not consider
2139  * polymorphic types nor casts between composite types. (Perhaps fold
2140  * those in someday?)
2141  *
2142  * ccontext determines the set of available casts.
2143  *
2144  * The possible result codes are:
2145  * COERCION_PATH_NONE: failed to find any coercion pathway
2146  * *funcid is set to InvalidOid
2147  * COERCION_PATH_FUNC: apply the coercion function returned in *funcid
2148  * COERCION_PATH_RELABELTYPE: binary-compatible cast, no function needed
2149  * *funcid is set to InvalidOid
2150  * COERCION_PATH_ARRAYCOERCE: need an ArrayCoerceExpr node
2151  * *funcid is set to the element cast function, or InvalidOid
2152  * if the array elements are binary-compatible
2153  * COERCION_PATH_COERCEVIAIO: need a CoerceViaIO node
2154  * *funcid is set to InvalidOid
2155  *
2156  * Note: COERCION_PATH_RELABELTYPE does not necessarily mean that no work is
2157  * needed to do the coercion; if the target is a domain then we may need to
2158  * apply domain constraint checking. If you want to check for a zero-effort
2159  * conversion then use IsBinaryCoercible().
2160  */
2161 CoercionPathType
2162 find_coercion_pathway(Oid targetTypeId, Oid sourceTypeId,
2163  CoercionContext ccontext,
2164  Oid *funcid)
2165 {
2166  CoercionPathType result = COERCION_PATH_NONE;
2167  HeapTuple tuple;
2168 
2169  *funcid = InvalidOid;
2170 
2171  /* Perhaps the types are domains; if so, look at their base types */
2172  if (OidIsValid(sourceTypeId))
2173  sourceTypeId = getBaseType(sourceTypeId);
2174  if (OidIsValid(targetTypeId))
2175  targetTypeId = getBaseType(targetTypeId);
2176 
2177  /* Domains are always coercible to and from their base type */
2178  if (sourceTypeId == targetTypeId)
2179  return COERCION_PATH_RELABELTYPE;
2180 
2181  /* Look in pg_cast */
2182  tuple = SearchSysCache2(CASTSOURCETARGET,
2183  ObjectIdGetDatum(sourceTypeId),
2184  ObjectIdGetDatum(targetTypeId));
2185 
2186  if (HeapTupleIsValid(tuple))
2187  {
2188  Form_pg_cast castForm = (Form_pg_cast) GETSTRUCT(tuple);
2189  CoercionContext castcontext;
2190 
2191  /* convert char value for castcontext to CoercionContext enum */
2192  switch (castForm->castcontext)
2193  {
2194  case COERCION_CODE_IMPLICIT:
2195  castcontext = COERCION_IMPLICIT;
2196  break;
2197  case COERCION_CODE_ASSIGNMENT:
2198  castcontext = COERCION_ASSIGNMENT;
2199  break;
2200  case COERCION_CODE_EXPLICIT:
2201  castcontext = COERCION_EXPLICIT;
2202  break;
2203  default:
2204  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized castcontext: %d",
2205  (int) castForm->castcontext);
2206  castcontext = 0; /* keep compiler quiet */
2207  break;
2208  }
2209 
2210  /* Rely on ordering of enum for correct behavior here */
2211  if (ccontext >= castcontext)
2212  {
2213  switch (castForm->castmethod)
2214  {
2215  case COERCION_METHOD_FUNCTION:
2216  result = COERCION_PATH_FUNC;
2217  *funcid = castForm->castfunc;
2218  break;
2219  case COERCION_METHOD_INOUT:
2220  result = COERCION_PATH_COERCEVIAIO;
2221  break;
2222  case COERCION_METHOD_BINARY:
2223  result = COERCION_PATH_RELABELTYPE;
2224  break;
2225  default:
2226  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized castmethod: %d",
2227  (int) castForm->castmethod);
2228  break;
2229  }
2230  }
2231 
2232  ReleaseSysCache(tuple);
2233  }
2234  else
2235  {
2236  /*
2237  * If there's no pg_cast entry, perhaps we are dealing with a pair of
2238  * array types. If so, and if the element types have a suitable cast,
2239  * report that we can coerce with an ArrayCoerceExpr.
2240  *
2241  * Note that the source type can be a domain over array, but not the
2242  * target, because ArrayCoerceExpr won't check domain constraints.
2243  *
2244  * Hack: disallow coercions to oidvector and int2vector, which
2245  * otherwise tend to capture coercions that should go to "real" array
2246  * types. We want those types to be considered "real" arrays for many
2247  * purposes, but not this one. (Also, ArrayCoerceExpr isn't
2248  * guaranteed to produce an output that meets the restrictions of
2249  * these datatypes, such as being 1-dimensional.)
2250  */
2251  if (targetTypeId != OIDVECTOROID && targetTypeId != INT2VECTOROID)
2252  {
2253  Oid targetElem;
2254  Oid sourceElem;
2255 
2256  if ((targetElem = get_element_type(targetTypeId)) != InvalidOid &&
2257  (sourceElem = get_base_element_type(sourceTypeId)) != InvalidOid)
2258  {
2259  CoercionPathType elempathtype;
2260  Oid elemfuncid;
2261 
2262  elempathtype = find_coercion_pathway(targetElem,
2263  sourceElem,
2264  ccontext,
2265  &elemfuncid);
2266  if (elempathtype != COERCION_PATH_NONE &&
2267  elempathtype != COERCION_PATH_ARRAYCOERCE)
2268  {
2269  *funcid = elemfuncid;
2270  if (elempathtype == COERCION_PATH_COERCEVIAIO)
2271  result = COERCION_PATH_COERCEVIAIO;
2272  else
2273  result = COERCION_PATH_ARRAYCOERCE;
2274  }
2275  }
2276  }
2277 
2278  /*
2279  * If we still haven't found a possibility, consider automatic casting
2280  * using I/O functions. We allow assignment casts to string types and
2281  * explicit casts from string types to be handled this way. (The
2282  * CoerceViaIO mechanism is a lot more general than that, but this is
2283  * all we want to allow in the absence of a pg_cast entry.) It would
2284  * probably be better to insist on explicit casts in both directions,
2285  * but this is a compromise to preserve something of the pre-8.3
2286  * behavior that many types had implicit (yipes!) casts to text.
2287  */
2288  if (result == COERCION_PATH_NONE)
2289  {
2290  if (ccontext >= COERCION_ASSIGNMENT &&
2291  TypeCategory(targetTypeId) == TYPCATEGORY_STRING)
2292  result = COERCION_PATH_COERCEVIAIO;
2293  else if (ccontext >= COERCION_EXPLICIT &&
2294  TypeCategory(sourceTypeId) == TYPCATEGORY_STRING)
2295  result = COERCION_PATH_COERCEVIAIO;
2296  }
2297  }
2298 
2299  return result;
2300 }
2301 
2302 
2303 /*
2304  * find_typmod_coercion_function -- does the given type need length coercion?
2305  *
2306  * If the target type possesses a pg_cast function from itself to itself,
2307  * it must need length coercion.
2308  *
2309  * "bpchar" (ie, char(N)) and "numeric" are examples of such types.
2310  *
2311  * If the given type is a varlena array type, we do not look for a coercion
2312  * function associated directly with the array type, but instead look for
2313  * one associated with the element type. An ArrayCoerceExpr node must be
2314  * used to apply such a function.
2315  *
2316  * We use the same result enum as find_coercion_pathway, but the only possible
2317  * result codes are:
2318  * COERCION_PATH_NONE: no length coercion needed
2319  * COERCION_PATH_FUNC: apply the function returned in *funcid
2320  * COERCION_PATH_ARRAYCOERCE: apply the function using ArrayCoerceExpr
2321  */
2322 CoercionPathType
2323 find_typmod_coercion_function(Oid typeId,
2324  Oid *funcid)
2325 {
2326  CoercionPathType result;
2327  Type targetType;
2328  Form_pg_type typeForm;
2329  HeapTuple tuple;
2330 
2331  *funcid = InvalidOid;
2332  result = COERCION_PATH_FUNC;
2333 
2334  targetType = typeidType(typeId);
2335  typeForm = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(targetType);
2336 
2337  /* Check for a varlena array type */
2338  if (typeForm->typelem != InvalidOid && typeForm->typlen == -1)
2339  {
2340  /* Yes, switch our attention to the element type */
2341  typeId = typeForm->typelem;
2342  result = COERCION_PATH_ARRAYCOERCE;
2343  }
2344  ReleaseSysCache(targetType);
2345 
2346  /* Look in pg_cast */
2347  tuple = SearchSysCache2(CASTSOURCETARGET,
2348  ObjectIdGetDatum(typeId),
2349  ObjectIdGetDatum(typeId));
2350 
2351  if (HeapTupleIsValid(tuple))
2352  {
2353  Form_pg_cast castForm = (Form_pg_cast) GETSTRUCT(tuple);
2354 
2355  *funcid = castForm->castfunc;
2356  ReleaseSysCache(tuple);
2357  }
2358 
2359  if (!OidIsValid(*funcid))
2360  result = COERCION_PATH_NONE;
2361 
2362  return result;
2363 }
2364 
2365 /*
2366  * is_complex_array
2367  * Is this type an array of composite?
2368  *
2369  * Note: this will not return true for record[]; check for RECORDARRAYOID
2370  * separately if needed.
2371  */
2372 static bool
2373 is_complex_array(Oid typid)
2374 {
2375  Oid elemtype = get_element_type(typid);
2376 
2377  return (OidIsValid(elemtype) && ISCOMPLEX(elemtype));
2378 }
2379 
2380 
2381 /*
2382  * Check whether reltypeId is the row type of a typed table of type
2383  * reloftypeId. (This is conceptually similar to the subtype
2384  * relationship checked by typeInheritsFrom().)
2385  */
2386 static bool
2387 typeIsOfTypedTable(Oid reltypeId, Oid reloftypeId)
2388 {
2389  Oid relid = typeidTypeRelid(reltypeId);
2390  bool result = false;
2391 
2392  if (relid)
2393  {
2394  HeapTuple tp;
2395  Form_pg_class reltup;
2396 
2397  tp = SearchSysCache1(RELOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(relid));
2398  if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
2399  elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for relation %u", relid);
2400 
2401  reltup = (Form_pg_class) GETSTRUCT(tp);
2402  if (reltup->reloftype == reloftypeId)
2403  result = true;
2404 
2405  ReleaseSysCache(tp);
2406  }
2407 
2408  return result;
2409 }
Const::constvalue
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signed int int32
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Definition: primnodes.h:192
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