partprune.c

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * partprune.c
 *      Support for partition pruning during query planning and execution
 *
 * This module implements partition pruning using the information contained in
 * a table's partition descriptor, query clauses, and run-time parameters.
 *
 * During planning, clauses that can be matched to the table's partition key
 * are turned into a set of "pruning steps", which are then executed to
 * identify a set of partitions (as indexes in the RelOptInfo->part_rels
 * array) that satisfy the constraints in the step.  Partitions not in the set
 * are said to have been pruned.
 *
 * A base pruning step may involve expressions whose values are only known
 * during execution, such as Params, in which case pruning cannot occur
 * entirely during planning.  In that case, such steps are included alongside
 * the plan, so that they can be used by the executor for further pruning.
 *
 * There are two kinds of pruning steps.  A "base" pruning step represents
 * tests on partition key column(s), typically comparisons to expressions.
 * A "combine" pruning step represents a Boolean connector (AND/OR), and
 * combines the outputs of some previous steps using the appropriate
 * combination method.
 *
 * See gen_partprune_steps_internal() for more details on step generation.
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2025, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *        src/backend/partitioning/partprune.c
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
#include "postgres.h"
 
#include "access/hash.h"
#include "access/nbtree.h"
#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opfamily.h"
#include "catalog/pg_proc.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "executor/executor.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
#include "optimizer/appendinfo.h"
#include "optimizer/cost.h"
#include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
#include "optimizer/pathnode.h"
#include "parser/parsetree.h"
#include "partitioning/partbounds.h"
#include "partitioning/partprune.h"
#include "utils/array.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
 
 
/*
 * Information about a clause matched with a partition key.
 */
typedef struct PartClauseInfo
{
    int         keyno;          /* Partition key number (0 to partnatts - 1) */
    Oid         opno;           /* operator used to compare partkey to expr */
    bool        op_is_ne;       /* is clause's original operator <> ? */
    Expr       *expr;           /* expr the partition key is compared to */
    Oid         cmpfn;          /* Oid of function to compare 'expr' to the
                                 * partition key */
    int         op_strategy;    /* btree strategy identifying the operator */
} PartClauseInfo;
 
/*
 * PartClauseMatchStatus
 *      Describes the result of match_clause_to_partition_key()
 */
typedef enum PartClauseMatchStatus
{
    PARTCLAUSE_NOMATCH,
    PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_CLAUSE,
    PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_NULLNESS,
    PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_STEPS,
    PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_CONTRADICT,
    PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED,
} PartClauseMatchStatus;
 
/*
 * PartClauseTarget
 *      Identifies which qual clauses we can use for generating pruning steps
 */
typedef enum PartClauseTarget
{
    PARTTARGET_PLANNER,         /* want to prune during planning */
    PARTTARGET_INITIAL,         /* want to prune during executor startup */
    PARTTARGET_EXEC,            /* want to prune during each plan node scan */
} PartClauseTarget;
 
/*
 * GeneratePruningStepsContext
 *      Information about the current state of generation of "pruning steps"
 *      for a given set of clauses
 *
 * gen_partprune_steps() initializes and returns an instance of this struct.
 *
 * Note that has_mutable_op, has_mutable_arg, and has_exec_param are set if
 * we found any potentially-useful-for-pruning clause having those properties,
 * whether or not we actually used the clause in the steps list.  This
 * definition allows us to skip the PARTTARGET_EXEC pass in some cases.
 */
typedef struct GeneratePruningStepsContext
{
    /* Copies of input arguments for gen_partprune_steps: */
    RelOptInfo *rel;            /* the partitioned relation */
    PartClauseTarget target;    /* use-case we're generating steps for */
    /* Result data: */
    List       *steps;          /* list of PartitionPruneSteps */
    bool        has_mutable_op; /* clauses include any stable operators */
    bool        has_mutable_arg;    /* clauses include any mutable comparison
                                     * values, *other than* exec params */
    bool        has_exec_param; /* clauses include any PARAM_EXEC params */
    bool        contradictory;  /* clauses were proven self-contradictory */
    /* Working state: */
    int         next_step_id;
} GeneratePruningStepsContext;
 
/* The result of performing one PartitionPruneStep */
typedef struct PruneStepResult
{
    /*
     * The offsets of bounds (in a table's boundinfo) whose partition is
     * selected by the pruning step.
     */
    Bitmapset  *bound_offsets;
 
    bool        scan_default;   /* Scan the default partition? */
    bool        scan_null;      /* Scan the partition for NULL values? */
} PruneStepResult;
 
 
static List *add_part_relids(List *allpartrelids, Bitmapset *partrelids);
static List *make_partitionedrel_pruneinfo(PlannerInfo *root,
                                           RelOptInfo *parentrel,
                                           List *prunequal,
                                           Bitmapset *partrelids,
                                           int *relid_subplan_map,
                                           Bitmapset **matchedsubplans);
static void gen_partprune_steps(RelOptInfo *rel, List *clauses,
                                PartClauseTarget target,
                                GeneratePruningStepsContext *context);
static List *gen_partprune_steps_internal(GeneratePruningStepsContext *context,
                                          List *clauses);
static PartitionPruneStep *gen_prune_step_op(GeneratePruningStepsContext *context,
                                             StrategyNumber opstrategy, bool op_is_ne,
                                             List *exprs, List *cmpfns, Bitmapset *nullkeys);
static PartitionPruneStep *gen_prune_step_combine(GeneratePruningStepsContext *context,
                                                  List *source_stepids,
                                                  PartitionPruneCombineOp combineOp);
static List *gen_prune_steps_from_opexps(GeneratePruningStepsContext *context,
                                         List **keyclauses, Bitmapset *nullkeys);
static PartClauseMatchStatus match_clause_to_partition_key(GeneratePruningStepsContext *context,
                                                           Expr *clause, Expr *partkey, int partkeyidx,
                                                           bool *clause_is_not_null,
                                                           PartClauseInfo **pc, List **clause_steps);
static List *get_steps_using_prefix(GeneratePruningStepsContext *context,
                                    StrategyNumber step_opstrategy,
                                    bool step_op_is_ne,
                                    Expr *step_lastexpr,
                                    Oid step_lastcmpfn,
                                    Bitmapset *step_nullkeys,
                                    List *prefix);
static List *get_steps_using_prefix_recurse(GeneratePruningStepsContext *context,
                                            StrategyNumber step_opstrategy,
                                            bool step_op_is_ne,
                                            Expr *step_lastexpr,
                                            Oid step_lastcmpfn,
                                            Bitmapset *step_nullkeys,
                                            List *prefix,
                                            ListCell *start,
                                            List *step_exprs,
                                            List *step_cmpfns);
static PruneStepResult *get_matching_hash_bounds(PartitionPruneContext *context,
                                                 StrategyNumber opstrategy, const Datum *values, int nvalues,
                                                 FmgrInfo *partsupfunc, Bitmapset *nullkeys);
static PruneStepResult *get_matching_list_bounds(PartitionPruneContext *context,
                                                 StrategyNumber opstrategy, Datum value, int nvalues,
                                                 FmgrInfo *partsupfunc, Bitmapset *nullkeys);
static PruneStepResult *get_matching_range_bounds(PartitionPruneContext *context,
                                                  StrategyNumber opstrategy, const Datum *values, int nvalues,
                                                  FmgrInfo *partsupfunc, Bitmapset *nullkeys);
static Bitmapset *pull_exec_paramids(Expr *expr);
static bool pull_exec_paramids_walker(Node *node, Bitmapset **context);
static Bitmapset *get_partkey_exec_paramids(List *steps);
static PruneStepResult *perform_pruning_base_step(PartitionPruneContext *context,
                                                  PartitionPruneStepOp *opstep);
static PruneStepResult *perform_pruning_combine_step(PartitionPruneContext *context,
                                                     PartitionPruneStepCombine *cstep,
                                                     PruneStepResult **step_results);
static PartClauseMatchStatus match_boolean_partition_clause(Oid partopfamily,
                                                            Expr *clause,
                                                            Expr *partkey,
                                                            Expr **outconst,
                                                            bool *notclause);
static void partkey_datum_from_expr(PartitionPruneContext *context,
                                    Expr *expr, int stateidx,
                                    Datum *value, bool *isnull);
 
 
/*
 * make_partition_pruneinfo
 *      Checks if the given set of quals can be used to build pruning steps
 *      that the executor can use to prune away unneeded partitions.  If
 *      suitable quals are found then a PartitionPruneInfo is built and tagged
 *      onto the PlannerInfo's partPruneInfos list.
 *
 * The return value is the 0-based index of the item added to the
 * partPruneInfos list or -1 if nothing was added.
 *
 * 'parentrel' is the RelOptInfo for an appendrel, and 'subpaths' is the list
 * of scan paths for its child rels.
 * 'prunequal' is a list of potential pruning quals (i.e., restriction
 * clauses that are applicable to the appendrel).
 */
int
make_partition_pruneinfo(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *parentrel,
                         List *subpaths,
                         List *prunequal)
{
    PartitionPruneInfo *pruneinfo;
    Bitmapset  *allmatchedsubplans = NULL;
    List       *allpartrelids;
    List       *prunerelinfos;
    int        *relid_subplan_map;
    ListCell   *lc;
    int         i;
 
    /*
     * Scan the subpaths to see which ones are scans of partition child
     * relations, and identify their parent partitioned rels.  (Note: we must
     * restrict the parent partitioned rels to be parentrel or children of
     * parentrel, otherwise we couldn't translate prunequal to match.)
     *
     * Also construct a temporary array to map from partition-child-relation
     * relid to the index in 'subpaths' of the scan plan for that partition.
     * (Use of "subplan" rather than "subpath" is a bit of a misnomer, but
     * we'll let it stand.)  For convenience, we use 1-based indexes here, so
     * that zero can represent an un-filled array entry.
     */
    allpartrelids = NIL;
    relid_subplan_map = palloc0_array(int, root->simple_rel_array_size);
 
    i = 1;
    foreach(lc, subpaths)
    {
        Path       *path = (Path *) lfirst(lc);
        RelOptInfo *pathrel = path->parent;
 
        /* We don't consider partitioned joins here */
        if (pathrel->reloptkind == RELOPT_OTHER_MEMBER_REL)
        {
            RelOptInfo *prel = pathrel;
            Bitmapset  *partrelids = NULL;
 
            /*
             * Traverse up to the pathrel's topmost partitioned parent,
             * collecting parent relids as we go; but stop if we reach
             * parentrel.  (Normally, a pathrel's topmost partitioned parent
             * is either parentrel or a UNION ALL appendrel child of
             * parentrel.  But when handling partitionwise joins of
             * multi-level partitioning trees, we can see an append path whose
             * parentrel is an intermediate partitioned table.)
             */
            do
            {
                AppendRelInfo *appinfo;
 
                Assert(prel->relid < root->simple_rel_array_size);
                appinfo = root->append_rel_array[prel->relid];
                prel = find_base_rel(root, appinfo->parent_relid);
                if (!IS_PARTITIONED_REL(prel))
                    break;      /* reached a non-partitioned parent */
                /* accept this level as an interesting parent */
                partrelids = bms_add_member(partrelids, prel->relid);
                if (prel == parentrel)
                    break;      /* don't traverse above parentrel */
            } while (prel->reloptkind == RELOPT_OTHER_MEMBER_REL);
 
            if (partrelids)
            {
                /*
                 * Found some relevant parent partitions, which may or may not
                 * overlap with partition trees we already found.  Add new
                 * information to the allpartrelids list.
                 */
                allpartrelids = add_part_relids(allpartrelids, partrelids);
                /* Also record the subplan in relid_subplan_map[] */
                /* No duplicates please */
                Assert(relid_subplan_map[pathrel->relid] == 0);
                relid_subplan_map[pathrel->relid] = i;
            }
        }
        i++;
    }
 
    /*
     * We now build a PartitionedRelPruneInfo for each topmost partitioned rel
     * (omitting any that turn out not to have useful pruning quals).
     */
    prunerelinfos = NIL;
    foreach(lc, allpartrelids)
    {
        Bitmapset  *partrelids = (Bitmapset *) lfirst(lc);
        List       *pinfolist;
        Bitmapset  *matchedsubplans = NULL;
 
        pinfolist = make_partitionedrel_pruneinfo(root, parentrel,
                                                  prunequal,
                                                  partrelids,
                                                  relid_subplan_map,
                                                  &matchedsubplans);
 
        /* When pruning is possible, record the matched subplans */
        if (pinfolist != NIL)
        {
            prunerelinfos = lappend(prunerelinfos, pinfolist);
            allmatchedsubplans = bms_join(matchedsubplans,
                                          allmatchedsubplans);
        }
    }
 
    pfree(relid_subplan_map);
 
    /*
     * If none of the partition hierarchies had any useful run-time pruning
     * quals, then we can just not bother with run-time pruning.
     */
    if (prunerelinfos == NIL)
        return -1;
 
    /* Else build the result data structure */
    pruneinfo = makeNode(PartitionPruneInfo);
    pruneinfo->relids = bms_copy(parentrel->relids);
    pruneinfo->prune_infos = prunerelinfos;
 
    /*
     * Some subplans may not belong to any of the identified partitioned rels.
     * This can happen for UNION ALL queries which include a non-partitioned
     * table, or when some of the hierarchies aren't run-time prunable.  Build
     * a bitmapset of the indexes of all such subplans, so that the executor
     * can identify which subplans should never be pruned.
     */
    if (bms_num_members(allmatchedsubplans) < list_length(subpaths))
    {
        Bitmapset  *other_subplans;
 
        /* Create the complement of allmatchedsubplans */
        other_subplans = bms_add_range(NULL, 0, list_length(subpaths) - 1);
        other_subplans = bms_del_members(other_subplans, allmatchedsubplans);
 
        pruneinfo->other_subplans = other_subplans;
    }
    else
        pruneinfo->other_subplans = NULL;
 
    root->partPruneInfos = lappend(root->partPruneInfos, pruneinfo);
 
    return list_length(root->partPruneInfos) - 1;
}
 
/*
 * add_part_relids
 *      Add new info to a list of Bitmapsets of partitioned relids.
 *
 * Within 'allpartrelids', there is one Bitmapset for each topmost parent
 * partitioned rel.  Each Bitmapset contains the RT indexes of the topmost
 * parent as well as its relevant non-leaf child partitions.  Since (by
 * construction of the rangetable list) parent partitions must have lower
 * RT indexes than their children, we can distinguish the topmost parent
 * as being the lowest set bit in the Bitmapset.
 *
 * 'partrelids' contains the RT indexes of a parent partitioned rel, and
 * possibly some non-leaf children, that are newly identified as parents of
 * some subpath rel passed to make_partition_pruneinfo().  These are added
 * to an appropriate member of 'allpartrelids'.
 *
 * Note that the list contains only RT indexes of partitioned tables that
 * are parents of some scan-level relation appearing in the 'subpaths' that
 * make_partition_pruneinfo() is dealing with.  Also, "topmost" parents are
 * not allowed to be higher than the 'parentrel' associated with the append
 * path.  In this way, we avoid expending cycles on partitioned rels that
 * can't contribute useful pruning information for the problem at hand.
 * (It is possible for 'parentrel' to be a child partitioned table, and it
 * is also possible for scan-level relations to be child partitioned tables
 * rather than leaf partitions.  Hence we must construct this relation set
 * with reference to the particular append path we're dealing with, rather
 * than looking at the full partitioning structure represented in the
 * RelOptInfos.)
 */
static List *
add_part_relids(List *allpartrelids, Bitmapset *partrelids)
{
    Index       targetpart;
    ListCell   *lc;
 
    /* We can easily get the lowest set bit this way: */
    targetpart = bms_next_member(partrelids, -1);
    Assert(targetpart > 0);
 
    /* Look for a matching topmost parent */
    foreach(lc, allpartrelids)
    {
        Bitmapset  *currpartrelids = (Bitmapset *) lfirst(lc);
        Index       currtarget = bms_next_member(currpartrelids, -1);
 
        if (targetpart == currtarget)
        {
            /* Found a match, so add any new RT indexes to this hierarchy */
            currpartrelids = bms_add_members(currpartrelids, partrelids);
            lfirst(lc) = currpartrelids;
            return allpartrelids;
        }
    }
    /* No match, so add the new partition hierarchy to the list */
    return lappend(allpartrelids, partrelids);
}
 
/*
 * make_partitionedrel_pruneinfo
 *      Build a List of PartitionedRelPruneInfos, one for each interesting
 *      partitioned rel in a partitioning hierarchy.  These can be used in the
 *      executor to allow additional partition pruning to take place.
 *
 * parentrel: rel associated with the appendpath being considered
 * prunequal: potential pruning quals, represented for parentrel
 * partrelids: Set of RT indexes identifying relevant partitioned tables
 *   within a single partitioning hierarchy
 * relid_subplan_map[]: maps child relation relids to subplan indexes
 * matchedsubplans: on success, receives the set of subplan indexes which
 *   were matched to this partition hierarchy
 *
 * If we cannot find any useful run-time pruning steps, return NIL.
 * However, on success, each rel identified in partrelids will have
 * an element in the result list, even if some of them are useless.
 */
static List *
make_partitionedrel_pruneinfo(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *parentrel,
                              List *prunequal,
                              Bitmapset *partrelids,
                              int *relid_subplan_map,
                              Bitmapset **matchedsubplans)
{
    RelOptInfo *targetpart = NULL;
    List       *pinfolist = NIL;
    bool        doruntimeprune = false;
    int        *relid_subpart_map;
    Bitmapset  *subplansfound = NULL;
    ListCell   *lc;
    int         rti;
    int         i;
 
    /*
     * Examine each partitioned rel, constructing a temporary array to map
     * from planner relids to index of the partitioned rel, and building a
     * PartitionedRelPruneInfo for each partitioned rel.
     *
     * In this phase we discover whether runtime pruning is needed at all; if
     * not, we can avoid doing further work.
     */
    relid_subpart_map = palloc0_array(int, root->simple_rel_array_size);
 
    i = 1;
    rti = -1;
    while ((rti = bms_next_member(partrelids, rti)) > 0)
    {
        RelOptInfo *subpart = find_base_rel(root, rti);
        PartitionedRelPruneInfo *pinfo;
        List       *partprunequal;
        List       *initial_pruning_steps;
        List       *exec_pruning_steps;
        Bitmapset  *execparamids;
        GeneratePruningStepsContext context;
 
        /*
         * Fill the mapping array.
         *
         * relid_subpart_map maps relid of a non-leaf partition to the index
         * in the returned PartitionedRelPruneInfo list of the info for that
         * partition.  We use 1-based indexes here, so that zero can represent
         * an un-filled array entry.
         */
        Assert(rti < root->simple_rel_array_size);
        relid_subpart_map[rti] = i++;
 
        /*
         * Translate pruning qual, if necessary, for this partition.
         *
         * The first item in the list is the target partitioned relation.
         */
        if (!targetpart)
        {
            targetpart = subpart;
 
            /*
             * The prunequal is presented to us as a qual for 'parentrel'.
             * Frequently this rel is the same as targetpart, so we can skip
             * an adjust_appendrel_attrs step.  But it might not be, and then
             * we have to translate.  We update the prunequal parameter here,
             * because in later iterations of the loop for child partitions,
             * we want to translate from parent to child variables.
             */
            if (!bms_equal(parentrel->relids, subpart->relids))
            {
                int         nappinfos;
                AppendRelInfo **appinfos = find_appinfos_by_relids(root,
                                                                   subpart->relids,
                                                                   &nappinfos);
 
                prunequal = (List *) adjust_appendrel_attrs(root, (Node *)
                                                            prunequal,
                                                            nappinfos,
                                                            appinfos);
 
                pfree(appinfos);
            }
 
            partprunequal = prunequal;
        }
        else
        {
            /*
             * For sub-partitioned tables the columns may not be in the same
             * order as the parent, so we must translate the prunequal to make
             * it compatible with this relation.
             */
            partprunequal = (List *)
                adjust_appendrel_attrs_multilevel(root,
                                                  (Node *) prunequal,
                                                  subpart,
                                                  targetpart);
        }
 
        /*
         * Convert pruning qual to pruning steps.  We may need to do this
         * twice, once to obtain executor startup pruning steps, and once for
         * executor per-scan pruning steps.  This first pass creates startup
         * pruning steps and detects whether there's any possibly-useful quals
         * that would require per-scan pruning.
         */
        gen_partprune_steps(subpart, partprunequal, PARTTARGET_INITIAL,
                            &context);
 
        if (context.contradictory)
        {
            /*
             * This shouldn't happen as the planner should have detected this
             * earlier. However, we do use additional quals from parameterized
             * paths here. These do only compare Params to the partition key,
             * so this shouldn't cause the discovery of any new qual
             * contradictions that were not previously discovered as the Param
             * values are unknown during planning.  Anyway, we'd better do
             * something sane here, so let's just disable run-time pruning.
             */
            return NIL;
        }
 
        /*
         * If no mutable operators or expressions appear in usable pruning
         * clauses, then there's no point in running startup pruning, because
         * plan-time pruning should have pruned everything prunable.
         */
        if (context.has_mutable_op || context.has_mutable_arg)
            initial_pruning_steps = context.steps;
        else
            initial_pruning_steps = NIL;
 
        /*
         * If no exec Params appear in potentially-usable pruning clauses,
         * then there's no point in even thinking about per-scan pruning.
         */
        if (context.has_exec_param)
        {
            /* ... OK, we'd better think about it */
            gen_partprune_steps(subpart, partprunequal, PARTTARGET_EXEC,
                                &context);
 
            if (context.contradictory)
            {
                /* As above, skip run-time pruning if anything fishy happens */
                return NIL;
            }
 
            exec_pruning_steps = context.steps;
 
            /*
             * Detect which exec Params actually got used; the fact that some
             * were in available clauses doesn't mean we actually used them.
             * Skip per-scan pruning if there are none.
             */
            execparamids = get_partkey_exec_paramids(exec_pruning_steps);
 
            if (bms_is_empty(execparamids))
                exec_pruning_steps = NIL;
        }
        else
        {
            /* No exec Params anywhere, so forget about scan-time pruning */
            exec_pruning_steps = NIL;
            execparamids = NULL;
        }
 
        if (initial_pruning_steps || exec_pruning_steps)
            doruntimeprune = true;
 
        /* Begin constructing the PartitionedRelPruneInfo for this rel */
        pinfo = makeNode(PartitionedRelPruneInfo);
        pinfo->rtindex = rti;
        pinfo->initial_pruning_steps = initial_pruning_steps;
        pinfo->exec_pruning_steps = exec_pruning_steps;
        pinfo->execparamids = execparamids;
        /* Remaining fields will be filled in the next loop */
 
        pinfolist = lappend(pinfolist, pinfo);
    }
 
    if (!doruntimeprune)
    {
        /* No run-time pruning required. */
        pfree(relid_subpart_map);
        return NIL;
    }
 
    /*
     * Run-time pruning will be required, so initialize other information.
     * That includes two maps -- one needed to convert partition indexes of
     * leaf partitions to the indexes of their subplans in the subplan list,
     * another needed to convert partition indexes of sub-partitioned
     * partitions to the indexes of their PartitionedRelPruneInfo in the
     * PartitionedRelPruneInfo list.
     */
    foreach(lc, pinfolist)
    {
        PartitionedRelPruneInfo *pinfo = lfirst(lc);
        RelOptInfo *subpart = find_base_rel(root, pinfo->rtindex);
        Bitmapset  *present_parts;
        int         nparts = subpart->nparts;
        int        *subplan_map;
        int        *subpart_map;
        Oid        *relid_map;
        int        *leafpart_rti_map;
 
        /*
         * Construct the subplan and subpart maps for this partitioning level.
         * Here we convert to zero-based indexes, with -1 for empty entries.
         * Also construct a Bitmapset of all partitions that are present (that
         * is, not pruned already).
         */
        subplan_map = (int *) palloc(nparts * sizeof(int));
        memset(subplan_map, -1, nparts * sizeof(int));
        subpart_map = (int *) palloc(nparts * sizeof(int));
        memset(subpart_map, -1, nparts * sizeof(int));
        relid_map = (Oid *) palloc0(nparts * sizeof(Oid));
        leafpart_rti_map = (int *) palloc0(nparts * sizeof(int));
        present_parts = NULL;
 
        i = -1;
        while ((i = bms_next_member(subpart->live_parts, i)) >= 0)
        {
            RelOptInfo *partrel = subpart->part_rels[i];
            int         subplanidx;
            int         subpartidx;
 
            Assert(partrel != NULL);
 
            subplan_map[i] = subplanidx = relid_subplan_map[partrel->relid] - 1;
            subpart_map[i] = subpartidx = relid_subpart_map[partrel->relid] - 1;
            relid_map[i] = planner_rt_fetch(partrel->relid, root)->relid;
 
            /*
             * Track the RT indexes of "leaf" partitions so they can be
             * included in the PlannerGlobal.prunableRelids set, indicating
             * relations that may be pruned during executor startup.
             *
             * Only leaf partitions with a valid subplan that are prunable
             * using initial pruning are added to prunableRelids. So
             * partitions without a subplan due to constraint exclusion will
             * remain in PlannedStmt.unprunableRelids.
             */
            if (subplanidx >= 0)
            {
                present_parts = bms_add_member(present_parts, i);
 
                /*
                 * Non-leaf partitions may appear here when they use an
                 * unflattened Append or MergeAppend. These should not be
                 * included in prunableRelids.
                 */
                if (partrel->nparts == -1)
                    leafpart_rti_map[i] = (int) partrel->relid;
 
                /* Record finding this subplan  */
                subplansfound = bms_add_member(subplansfound, subplanidx);
            }
            else if (subpartidx >= 0)
                present_parts = bms_add_member(present_parts, i);
        }
 
        /*
         * Ensure there were no stray PartitionedRelPruneInfo generated for
         * partitioned tables that we have no sub-paths or
         * sub-PartitionedRelPruneInfo for.
         */
        Assert(!bms_is_empty(present_parts));
 
        /* Record the maps and other information. */
        pinfo->present_parts = present_parts;
        pinfo->nparts = nparts;
        pinfo->subplan_map = subplan_map;
        pinfo->subpart_map = subpart_map;
        pinfo->relid_map = relid_map;
        pinfo->leafpart_rti_map = leafpart_rti_map;
    }
 
    pfree(relid_subpart_map);
 
    *matchedsubplans = subplansfound;
 
    return pinfolist;
}
 
/*
 * gen_partprune_steps
 *      Process 'clauses' (typically a rel's baserestrictinfo list of clauses)
 *      and create a list of "partition pruning steps".
 *
 * 'target' tells whether to generate pruning steps for planning (use
 * immutable clauses only), or for executor startup (use any allowable
 * clause except ones containing PARAM_EXEC Params), or for executor
 * per-scan pruning (use any allowable clause).
 *
 * 'context' is an output argument that receives the steps list as well as
 * some subsidiary flags; see the GeneratePruningStepsContext typedef.
 */
static void
gen_partprune_steps(RelOptInfo *rel, List *clauses, PartClauseTarget target,
                    GeneratePruningStepsContext *context)
{
    /* Initialize all output values to zero/false/NULL */
    memset(context, 0, sizeof(GeneratePruningStepsContext));
    context->rel = rel;
    context->target = target;
 
    /*
     * If this partitioned table is in turn a partition, and it shares any
     * partition keys with its parent, then it's possible that the hierarchy
     * allows the parent a narrower range of values than some of its
     * partitions (particularly the default one).  This is normally not
     * useful, but it can be to prune the default partition.
     */
    if (partition_bound_has_default(rel->boundinfo) && rel->partition_qual)
    {
        /* Make a copy to avoid modifying the passed-in List */
        clauses = list_concat_copy(clauses, rel->partition_qual);
    }
 
    /* Down into the rabbit-hole. */
    (void) gen_partprune_steps_internal(context, clauses);
}
 
/*
 * prune_append_rel_partitions
 *      Process rel's baserestrictinfo and make use of quals which can be
 *      evaluated during query planning in order to determine the minimum set
 *      of partitions which must be scanned to satisfy these quals.  Returns
 *      the matching partitions in the form of a Bitmapset containing the
 *      partitions' indexes in the rel's part_rels array.
 *
 * Callers must ensure that 'rel' is a partitioned table.
 */
Bitmapset *
prune_append_rel_partitions(RelOptInfo *rel)
{
    List       *clauses = rel->baserestrictinfo;
    List       *pruning_steps;
    GeneratePruningStepsContext gcontext;
    PartitionPruneContext context;
 
    Assert(rel->part_scheme != NULL);
 
    /* If there are no partitions, return the empty set */
    if (rel->nparts == 0)
        return NULL;
 
    /*
     * If pruning is disabled or if there are no clauses to prune with, return
     * all partitions.
     */
    if (!enable_partition_pruning || clauses == NIL)
        return bms_add_range(NULL, 0, rel->nparts - 1);
 
    /*
     * Process clauses to extract pruning steps that are usable at plan time.
     * If the clauses are found to be contradictory, we can return the empty
     * set.
     */
    gen_partprune_steps(rel, clauses, PARTTARGET_PLANNER,
                        &gcontext);
    if (gcontext.contradictory)
        return NULL;
    pruning_steps = gcontext.steps;
 
    /* If there's nothing usable, return all partitions */
    if (pruning_steps == NIL)
        return bms_add_range(NULL, 0, rel->nparts - 1);
 
    /* Set up PartitionPruneContext */
    context.strategy = rel->part_scheme->strategy;
    context.partnatts = rel->part_scheme->partnatts;
    context.nparts = rel->nparts;
    context.boundinfo = rel->boundinfo;
    context.partcollation = rel->part_scheme->partcollation;
    context.partsupfunc = rel->part_scheme->partsupfunc;
    context.stepcmpfuncs = palloc0_array(FmgrInfo,
                                         context.partnatts * list_length(pruning_steps));
    context.ppccontext = CurrentMemoryContext;
 
    /* These are not valid when being called from the planner */
    context.planstate = NULL;
    context.exprcontext = NULL;
    context.exprstates = NULL;
 
    /* Actual pruning happens here. */
    return get_matching_partitions(&context, pruning_steps);
}
 
/*
 * get_matching_partitions
 *      Determine partitions that survive partition pruning
 *
 * Note: context->exprcontext must be valid when the pruning_steps were
 * generated with a target other than PARTTARGET_PLANNER.
 *
 * Returns a Bitmapset of the RelOptInfo->part_rels indexes of the surviving
 * partitions.
 */
Bitmapset *
get_matching_partitions(PartitionPruneContext *context, List *pruning_steps)
{
    Bitmapset  *result;
    int         num_steps = list_length(pruning_steps),
                i;
    PruneStepResult **results,
               *final_result;
    ListCell   *lc;
    bool        scan_default;
 
    /* If there are no pruning steps then all partitions match. */
    if (num_steps == 0)
    {
        Assert(context->nparts > 0);
        return bms_add_range(NULL, 0, context->nparts - 1);
    }
 
    /*
     * Allocate space for individual pruning steps to store its result.  Each
     * slot will hold a PruneStepResult after performing a given pruning step.
     * Later steps may use the result of one or more earlier steps.  The
     * result of applying all pruning steps is the value contained in the slot
     * of the last pruning step.
     */
    results = (PruneStepResult **)
        palloc0(num_steps * sizeof(PruneStepResult *));
    foreach(lc, pruning_steps)
    {
        PartitionPruneStep *step = lfirst(lc);
 
        switch (nodeTag(step))
        {
            case T_PartitionPruneStepOp:
                results[step->step_id] =
                    perform_pruning_base_step(context,
                                              (PartitionPruneStepOp *) step);
                break;
 
            case T_PartitionPruneStepCombine:
                results[step->step_id] =
                    perform_pruning_combine_step(context,
                                                 (PartitionPruneStepCombine *) step,
                                                 results);
                break;
 
            default:
                elog(ERROR, "invalid pruning step type: %d",
                     (int) nodeTag(step));
        }
    }
 
    /*
     * At this point we know the offsets of all the datums whose corresponding
     * partitions need to be in the result, including special null-accepting
     * and default partitions.  Collect the actual partition indexes now.
     */
    final_result = results[num_steps - 1];
    Assert(final_result != NULL);
    i = -1;
    result = NULL;
    scan_default = final_result->scan_default;
    while ((i = bms_next_member(final_result->bound_offsets, i)) >= 0)
    {
        int         partindex;
 
        Assert(i < context->boundinfo->nindexes);
        partindex = context->boundinfo->indexes[i];
 
        if (partindex < 0)
        {
            /*
             * In range partitioning cases, if a partition index is -1 it
             * means that the bound at the offset is the upper bound for a
             * range not covered by any partition (other than a possible
             * default partition).  In hash partitioning, the same means no
             * partition has been defined for the corresponding remainder
             * value.
             *
             * In either case, the value is still part of the queried range of
             * values, so mark to scan the default partition if one exists.
             */
            scan_default |= partition_bound_has_default(context->boundinfo);
            continue;
        }
 
        result = bms_add_member(result, partindex);
    }
 
    /* Add the null and/or default partition if needed and present. */
    if (final_result->scan_null)
    {
        Assert(context->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST);
        Assert(partition_bound_accepts_nulls(context->boundinfo));
        result = bms_add_member(result, context->boundinfo->null_index);
    }
    if (scan_default)
    {
        Assert(context->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST ||
               context->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE);
        Assert(partition_bound_has_default(context->boundinfo));
        result = bms_add_member(result, context->boundinfo->default_index);
    }
 
    return result;
}
 
/*
 * gen_partprune_steps_internal
 *      Processes 'clauses' to generate a List of partition pruning steps.  We
 *      return NIL when no steps were generated.
 *
 * These partition pruning steps come in 2 forms; operator steps and combine
 * steps.
 *
 * Operator steps (PartitionPruneStepOp) contain details of clauses that we
 * determined that we can use for partition pruning.  These contain details of
 * the expression which is being compared to the partition key and the
 * comparison function.
 *
 * Combine steps (PartitionPruneStepCombine) instruct the partition pruning
 * code how it should produce a single set of partitions from multiple input
 * operator and other combine steps.  A PARTPRUNE_COMBINE_INTERSECT type
 * combine step will merge its input steps to produce a result which only
 * contains the partitions which are present in all of the input operator
 * steps.  A PARTPRUNE_COMBINE_UNION combine step will produce a result that
 * has all of the partitions from each of the input operator steps.
 *
 * For BoolExpr clauses, each argument is processed recursively. Steps
 * generated from processing an OR BoolExpr will be combined using
 * PARTPRUNE_COMBINE_UNION.  AND BoolExprs get combined using
 * PARTPRUNE_COMBINE_INTERSECT.
 *
 * Otherwise, the list of clauses we receive we assume to be mutually ANDed.
 * We generate all of the pruning steps we can based on these clauses and then
 * at the end, if we have more than 1 step, we combine each step with a
 * PARTPRUNE_COMBINE_INTERSECT combine step.  Single steps are returned as-is.
 *
 * If we find clauses that are mutually contradictory, or contradictory with
 * the partitioning constraint, or a pseudoconstant clause that contains
 * false, we set context->contradictory to true and return NIL (that is, no
 * pruning steps).  Caller should consider all partitions as pruned in that
 * case.
 */
static List *
gen_partprune_steps_internal(GeneratePruningStepsContext *context,
                             List *clauses)
{
    PartitionScheme part_scheme = context->rel->part_scheme;
    List       *keyclauses[PARTITION_MAX_KEYS];
    Bitmapset  *nullkeys = NULL,
               *notnullkeys = NULL;
    bool        generate_opsteps = false;
    List       *result = NIL;
    ListCell   *lc;
 
    /*
     * If this partitioned relation has a default partition and is itself a
     * partition (as evidenced by partition_qual being not NIL), we first
     * check if the clauses contradict the partition constraint.  If they do,
     * there's no need to generate any steps as it'd already be proven that no
     * partitions need to be scanned.
     *
     * This is a measure of last resort only to be used because the default
     * partition cannot be pruned using the steps generated from clauses that
     * contradict the parent's partition constraint; regular pruning, which is
     * cheaper, is sufficient when no default partition exists.
     */
    if (partition_bound_has_default(context->rel->boundinfo) &&
        predicate_refuted_by(context->rel->partition_qual, clauses, false))
    {
        context->contradictory = true;
        return NIL;
    }
 
    memset(keyclauses, 0, sizeof(keyclauses));
    foreach(lc, clauses)
    {
        Expr       *clause = (Expr *) lfirst(lc);
        int         i;
 
        /* Look through RestrictInfo, if any */
        if (IsA(clause, RestrictInfo))
            clause = ((RestrictInfo *) clause)->clause;
 
        /* Constant-false-or-null is contradictory */
        if (IsA(clause, Const) &&
            (((Const *) clause)->constisnull ||
             !DatumGetBool(((Const *) clause)->constvalue)))
        {
            context->contradictory = true;
            return NIL;
        }
 
        /* Get the BoolExpr's out of the way. */
        if (IsA(clause, BoolExpr))
        {
            /*
             * Generate steps for arguments.
             *
             * While steps generated for the arguments themselves will be
             * added to context->steps during recursion and will be evaluated
             * independently, collect their step IDs to be stored in the
             * combine step we'll be creating.
             */
            if (is_orclause(clause))
            {
                List       *arg_stepids = NIL;
                bool        all_args_contradictory = true;
                ListCell   *lc1;
 
                /*
                 * We can share the outer context area with the recursive
                 * call, but contradictory had better not be true yet.
                 */
                Assert(!context->contradictory);
 
                /*
                 * Get pruning step for each arg.  If we get contradictory for
                 * all args, it means the OR expression is false as a whole.
                 */
                foreach(lc1, ((BoolExpr *) clause)->args)
                {
                    Expr       *arg = lfirst(lc1);
                    bool        arg_contradictory;
                    List       *argsteps;
 
                    argsteps = gen_partprune_steps_internal(context,
                                                            list_make1(arg));
                    arg_contradictory = context->contradictory;
                    /* Keep context->contradictory clear till we're done */
                    context->contradictory = false;
 
                    if (arg_contradictory)
                    {
                        /* Just ignore self-contradictory arguments. */
                        continue;
                    }
                    else
                        all_args_contradictory = false;
 
                    if (argsteps != NIL)
                    {
                        /*
                         * gen_partprune_steps_internal() always adds a single
                         * combine step when it generates multiple steps, so
                         * here we can just pay attention to the last one in
                         * the list.  If it just generated one, then the last
                         * one in the list is still the one we want.
                         */
                        PartitionPruneStep *last = llast(argsteps);
 
                        arg_stepids = lappend_int(arg_stepids, last->step_id);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        PartitionPruneStep *orstep;
 
                        /*
                         * The arg didn't contain a clause matching this
                         * partition key.  We cannot prune using such an arg.
                         * To indicate that to the pruning code, we must
                         * construct a dummy PartitionPruneStepCombine whose
                         * source_stepids is set to an empty List.
                         */
                        orstep = gen_prune_step_combine(context, NIL,
                                                        PARTPRUNE_COMBINE_UNION);
                        arg_stepids = lappend_int(arg_stepids, orstep->step_id);
                    }
                }
 
                /* If all the OR arms are contradictory, we can stop */
                if (all_args_contradictory)
                {
                    context->contradictory = true;
                    return NIL;
                }
 
                if (arg_stepids != NIL)
                {
                    PartitionPruneStep *step;
 
                    step = gen_prune_step_combine(context, arg_stepids,
                                                  PARTPRUNE_COMBINE_UNION);
                    result = lappend(result, step);
                }
                continue;
            }
            else if (is_andclause(clause))
            {
                List       *args = ((BoolExpr *) clause)->args;
                List       *argsteps;
 
                /*
                 * args may itself contain clauses of arbitrary type, so just
                 * recurse and later combine the component partitions sets
                 * using a combine step.
                 */
                argsteps = gen_partprune_steps_internal(context, args);
 
                /* If any AND arm is contradictory, we can stop immediately */
                if (context->contradictory)
                    return NIL;
 
                /*
                 * gen_partprune_steps_internal() always adds a single combine
                 * step when it generates multiple steps, so here we can just
                 * pay attention to the last one in the list.  If it just
                 * generated one, then the last one in the list is still the
                 * one we want.
                 */
                if (argsteps != NIL)
                    result = lappend(result, llast(argsteps));
 
                continue;
            }
 
            /*
             * Fall-through for a NOT clause, which if it's a Boolean clause,
             * will be handled in match_clause_to_partition_key(). We
             * currently don't perform any pruning for more complex NOT
             * clauses.
             */
        }
 
        /*
         * See if we can match this clause to any of the partition keys.
         */
        for (i = 0; i < part_scheme->partnatts; i++)
        {
            Expr       *partkey = linitial(context->rel->partexprs[i]);
            bool        clause_is_not_null = false;
            PartClauseInfo *pc = NULL;
            List       *clause_steps = NIL;
 
            switch (match_clause_to_partition_key(context,
                                                  clause, partkey, i,
                                                  &clause_is_not_null,
                                                  &pc, &clause_steps))
            {
                case PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_CLAUSE:
                    Assert(pc != NULL);
 
                    /*
                     * Since we only allow strict operators, check for any
                     * contradicting IS NULL.
                     */
                    if (bms_is_member(i, nullkeys))
                    {
                        context->contradictory = true;
                        return NIL;
                    }
                    generate_opsteps = true;
                    keyclauses[i] = lappend(keyclauses[i], pc);
                    break;
 
                case PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_NULLNESS:
                    if (!clause_is_not_null)
                    {
                        /*
                         * check for conflicting IS NOT NULL as well as
                         * contradicting strict clauses
                         */
                        if (bms_is_member(i, notnullkeys) ||
                            keyclauses[i] != NIL)
                        {
                            context->contradictory = true;
                            return NIL;
                        }
                        nullkeys = bms_add_member(nullkeys, i);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        /* check for conflicting IS NULL */
                        if (bms_is_member(i, nullkeys))
                        {
                            context->contradictory = true;
                            return NIL;
                        }
                        notnullkeys = bms_add_member(notnullkeys, i);
                    }
                    break;
 
                case PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_STEPS:
                    Assert(clause_steps != NIL);
                    result = list_concat(result, clause_steps);
                    break;
 
                case PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_CONTRADICT:
                    /* We've nothing more to do if a contradiction was found. */
                    context->contradictory = true;
                    return NIL;
 
                case PARTCLAUSE_NOMATCH:
 
                    /*
                     * Clause didn't match this key, but it might match the
                     * next one.
                     */
                    continue;
 
                case PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED:
                    /* This clause cannot be used for pruning. */
                    break;
            }
 
            /* done; go check the next clause. */
            break;
        }
    }
 
    /*-----------
     * Now generate some (more) pruning steps.  We have three strategies:
     *
     * 1) Generate pruning steps based on IS NULL clauses:
     *   a) For list partitioning, null partition keys can only be found in
     *      the designated null-accepting partition, so if there are IS NULL
     *      clauses containing partition keys we should generate a pruning
     *      step that gets rid of all partitions but that one.  We can
     *      disregard any OpExpr we may have found.
     *   b) For range partitioning, only the default partition can contain
     *      NULL values, so the same rationale applies.
     *   c) For hash partitioning, we only apply this strategy if we have
     *      IS NULL clauses for all the keys.  Strategy 2 below will take
     *      care of the case where some keys have OpExprs and others have
     *      IS NULL clauses.
     *
     * 2) If not, generate steps based on OpExprs we have (if any).
     *
     * 3) If this doesn't work either, we may be able to generate steps to
     *    prune just the null-accepting partition (if one exists), if we have
     *    IS NOT NULL clauses for all partition keys.
     */
    if (!bms_is_empty(nullkeys) &&
        (part_scheme->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST ||
         part_scheme->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE ||
         (part_scheme->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH &&
          bms_num_members(nullkeys) == part_scheme->partnatts)))
    {
        PartitionPruneStep *step;
 
        /* Strategy 1 */
        step = gen_prune_step_op(context, InvalidStrategy,
                                 false, NIL, NIL, nullkeys);
        result = lappend(result, step);
    }
    else if (generate_opsteps)
    {
        List       *opsteps;
 
        /* Strategy 2 */
        opsteps = gen_prune_steps_from_opexps(context, keyclauses, nullkeys);
        result = list_concat(result, opsteps);
    }
    else if (bms_num_members(notnullkeys) == part_scheme->partnatts)
    {
        PartitionPruneStep *step;
 
        /* Strategy 3 */
        step = gen_prune_step_op(context, InvalidStrategy,
                                 false, NIL, NIL, NULL);
        result = lappend(result, step);
    }
 
    /*
     * Finally, if there are multiple steps, since the 'clauses' are mutually
     * ANDed, add an INTERSECT step to combine the partition sets resulting
     * from them and append it to the result list.
     */
    if (list_length(result) > 1)
    {
        List       *step_ids = NIL;
        PartitionPruneStep *final;
 
        foreach(lc, result)
        {
            PartitionPruneStep *step = lfirst(lc);
 
            step_ids = lappend_int(step_ids, step->step_id);
        }
 
        final = gen_prune_step_combine(context, step_ids,
                                       PARTPRUNE_COMBINE_INTERSECT);
        result = lappend(result, final);
    }
 
    return result;
}
 
/*
 * gen_prune_step_op
 *      Generate a pruning step for a specific operator
 *
 * The step is assigned a unique step identifier and added to context's 'steps'
 * list.
 */
static PartitionPruneStep *
gen_prune_step_op(GeneratePruningStepsContext *context,
                  StrategyNumber opstrategy, bool op_is_ne,
                  List *exprs, List *cmpfns,
                  Bitmapset *nullkeys)
{
    PartitionPruneStepOp *opstep = makeNode(PartitionPruneStepOp);
 
    opstep->step.step_id = context->next_step_id++;
 
    /*
     * For clauses that contain an <> operator, set opstrategy to
     * InvalidStrategy to signal get_matching_list_bounds to do the right
     * thing.
     */
    opstep->opstrategy = op_is_ne ? InvalidStrategy : opstrategy;
    Assert(list_length(exprs) == list_length(cmpfns));
    opstep->exprs = exprs;
    opstep->cmpfns = cmpfns;
    opstep->nullkeys = nullkeys;
 
    context->steps = lappend(context->steps, opstep);
 
    return (PartitionPruneStep *) opstep;
}
 
/*
 * gen_prune_step_combine
 *      Generate a pruning step for a combination of several other steps
 *
 * The step is assigned a unique step identifier and added to context's
 * 'steps' list.
 */
static PartitionPruneStep *
gen_prune_step_combine(GeneratePruningStepsContext *context,
                       List *source_stepids,
                       PartitionPruneCombineOp combineOp)
{
    PartitionPruneStepCombine *cstep = makeNode(PartitionPruneStepCombine);
 
    cstep->step.step_id = context->next_step_id++;
    cstep->combineOp = combineOp;
    cstep->source_stepids = source_stepids;
 
    context->steps = lappend(context->steps, cstep);
 
    return (PartitionPruneStep *) cstep;
}
 
/*
 * gen_prune_steps_from_opexps
 *      Generate and return a list of PartitionPruneStepOp that are based on
 *      OpExpr and BooleanTest clauses that have been matched to the partition
 *      key.
 *
 * 'keyclauses' is an array of List pointers, indexed by the partition key's
 * index.  Each List element in the array can contain clauses that match to
 * the corresponding partition key column.  Partition key columns without any
 * matched clauses will have an empty List.
 *
 * Some partitioning strategies allow pruning to still occur when we only have
 * clauses for a prefix of the partition key columns, for example, RANGE
 * partitioning.  Other strategies, such as HASH partitioning, require clauses
 * for all partition key columns.
 *
 * When we return multiple pruning steps here, it's up to the caller to add a
 * relevant "combine" step to combine the returned steps.  This is not done
 * here as callers may wish to include additional pruning steps before
 * combining them all.
 */
static List *
gen_prune_steps_from_opexps(GeneratePruningStepsContext *context,
                            List **keyclauses, Bitmapset *nullkeys)
{
    PartitionScheme part_scheme = context->rel->part_scheme;
    List       *opsteps = NIL;
    List       *btree_clauses[BTMaxStrategyNumber + 1],
               *hash_clauses[HTMaxStrategyNumber + 1];
    int         i;
    ListCell   *lc;
 
    memset(btree_clauses, 0, sizeof(btree_clauses));
    memset(hash_clauses, 0, sizeof(hash_clauses));
    for (i = 0; i < part_scheme->partnatts; i++)
    {
        List       *clauselist = keyclauses[i];
        bool        consider_next_key = true;
 
        /*
         * For range partitioning, if we have no clauses for the current key,
         * we can't consider any later keys either, so we can stop here.
         */
        if (part_scheme->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE &&
            clauselist == NIL)
            break;
 
        /*
         * For hash partitioning, if a column doesn't have the necessary
         * equality clause, there should be an IS NULL clause, otherwise
         * pruning is not possible.
         */
        if (part_scheme->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH &&
            clauselist == NIL && !bms_is_member(i, nullkeys))
            return NIL;
 
        foreach(lc, clauselist)
        {
            PartClauseInfo *pc = (PartClauseInfo *) lfirst(lc);
            Oid         lefttype,
                        righttype;
 
            /* Look up the operator's btree/hash strategy number. */
            if (pc->op_strategy == InvalidStrategy)
                get_op_opfamily_properties(pc->opno,
                                           part_scheme->partopfamily[i],
                                           false,
                                           &pc->op_strategy,
                                           &lefttype,
                                           &righttype);
 
            switch (part_scheme->strategy)
            {
                case PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST:
                case PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE:
                    btree_clauses[pc->op_strategy] =
                        lappend(btree_clauses[pc->op_strategy], pc);
 
                    /*
                     * We can't consider subsequent partition keys if the
                     * clause for the current key contains a non-inclusive
                     * operator.
                     */
                    if (pc->op_strategy == BTLessStrategyNumber ||
                        pc->op_strategy == BTGreaterStrategyNumber)
                        consider_next_key = false;
                    break;
 
                case PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH:
                    if (pc->op_strategy != HTEqualStrategyNumber)
                        elog(ERROR, "invalid clause for hash partitioning");
                    hash_clauses[pc->op_strategy] =
                        lappend(hash_clauses[pc->op_strategy], pc);
                    break;
 
                default:
                    elog(ERROR, "invalid partition strategy: %c",
                         part_scheme->strategy);
                    break;
            }
        }
 
        /*
         * If we've decided that clauses for subsequent partition keys
         * wouldn't be useful for pruning, don't search any further.
         */
        if (!consider_next_key)
            break;
    }
 
    /*
     * Now, we have divided clauses according to their operator strategies.
     * Check for each strategy if we can generate pruning step(s) by
     * collecting a list of expressions whose values will constitute a vector
     * that can be used as a lookup key by a partition bound searching
     * function.
     */
    switch (part_scheme->strategy)
    {
        case PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST:
        case PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE:
            {
                List       *eq_clauses = btree_clauses[BTEqualStrategyNumber];
                List       *le_clauses = btree_clauses[BTLessEqualStrategyNumber];
                List       *ge_clauses = btree_clauses[BTGreaterEqualStrategyNumber];
                int         strat;
 
                /*
                 * For each clause under consideration for a given strategy,
                 * we collect expressions from clauses for earlier keys, whose
                 * operator strategy is inclusive, into a list called
                 * 'prefix'. By appending the clause's own expression to the
                 * 'prefix', we'll generate one step using the so generated
                 * vector and assign the current strategy to it.  Actually,
                 * 'prefix' might contain multiple clauses for the same key,
                 * in which case, we must generate steps for various
                 * combinations of expressions of different keys, which
                 * get_steps_using_prefix takes care of for us.
                 */
                for (strat = 1; strat <= BTMaxStrategyNumber; strat++)
                {
                    foreach(lc, btree_clauses[strat])
                    {
                        PartClauseInfo *pc = lfirst(lc);
                        ListCell   *eq_start;
                        ListCell   *le_start;
                        ListCell   *ge_start;
                        ListCell   *lc1;
                        List       *prefix = NIL;
                        List       *pc_steps;
                        bool        prefix_valid = true;
                        bool        pk_has_clauses;
                        int         keyno;
 
                        /*
                         * If this is a clause for the first partition key,
                         * there are no preceding expressions; generate a
                         * pruning step without a prefix.
                         *
                         * Note that we pass NULL for step_nullkeys, because
                         * we don't search list/range partition bounds where
                         * some keys are NULL.
                         */
                        if (pc->keyno == 0)
                        {
                            Assert(pc->op_strategy == strat);
                            pc_steps = get_steps_using_prefix(context, strat,
                                                              pc->op_is_ne,
                                                              pc->expr,
                                                              pc->cmpfn,
                                                              NULL,
                                                              NIL);
                            opsteps = list_concat(opsteps, pc_steps);
                            continue;
                        }
 
                        eq_start = list_head(eq_clauses);
                        le_start = list_head(le_clauses);
                        ge_start = list_head(ge_clauses);
 
                        /*
                         * We arrange clauses into prefix in ascending order
                         * of their partition key numbers.
                         */
                        for (keyno = 0; keyno < pc->keyno; keyno++)
                        {
                            pk_has_clauses = false;
 
                            /*
                             * Expressions from = clauses can always be in the
                             * prefix, provided they're from an earlier key.
                             */
                            for_each_cell(lc1, eq_clauses, eq_start)
                            {
                                PartClauseInfo *eqpc = lfirst(lc1);
 
                                if (eqpc->keyno == keyno)
                                {
                                    prefix = lappend(prefix, eqpc);
                                    pk_has_clauses = true;
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                    Assert(eqpc->keyno > keyno);
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                            eq_start = lc1;
 
                            /*
                             * If we're generating steps for </<= strategy, we
                             * can add other <= clauses to the prefix,
                             * provided they're from an earlier key.
                             */
                            if (strat == BTLessStrategyNumber ||
                                strat == BTLessEqualStrategyNumber)
                            {
                                for_each_cell(lc1, le_clauses, le_start)
                                {
                                    PartClauseInfo *lepc = lfirst(lc1);
 
                                    if (lepc->keyno == keyno)
                                    {
                                        prefix = lappend(prefix, lepc);
                                        pk_has_clauses = true;
                                    }
                                    else
                                    {
                                        Assert(lepc->keyno > keyno);
                                        break;
                                    }
                                }
                                le_start = lc1;
                            }
 
                            /*
                             * If we're generating steps for >/>= strategy, we
                             * can add other >= clauses to the prefix,
                             * provided they're from an earlier key.
                             */
                            if (strat == BTGreaterStrategyNumber ||
                                strat == BTGreaterEqualStrategyNumber)
                            {
                                for_each_cell(lc1, ge_clauses, ge_start)
                                {
                                    PartClauseInfo *gepc = lfirst(lc1);
 
                                    if (gepc->keyno == keyno)
                                    {
                                        prefix = lappend(prefix, gepc);
                                        pk_has_clauses = true;
                                    }
                                    else
                                    {
                                        Assert(gepc->keyno > keyno);
                                        break;
                                    }
                                }
                                ge_start = lc1;
                            }
 
                            /*
                             * If this key has no clauses, prefix is not valid
                             * anymore.
                             */
                            if (!pk_has_clauses)
                            {
                                prefix_valid = false;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
 
                        /*
                         * If prefix_valid, generate PartitionPruneStepOps.
                         * Otherwise, we would not find clauses for a valid
                         * subset of the partition keys anymore for the
                         * strategy; give up on generating partition pruning
                         * steps further for the strategy.
                         *
                         * As mentioned above, if 'prefix' contains multiple
                         * expressions for the same key, the following will
                         * generate multiple steps, one for each combination
                         * of the expressions for different keys.
                         *
                         * Note that we pass NULL for step_nullkeys, because
                         * we don't search list/range partition bounds where
                         * some keys are NULL.
                         */
                        if (prefix_valid)
                        {
                            Assert(pc->op_strategy == strat);
                            pc_steps = get_steps_using_prefix(context, strat,
                                                              pc->op_is_ne,
                                                              pc->expr,
                                                              pc->cmpfn,
                                                              NULL,
                                                              prefix);
                            opsteps = list_concat(opsteps, pc_steps);
                        }
                        else
                            break;
                    }
                }
                break;
            }
 
        case PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH:
            {
                List       *eq_clauses = hash_clauses[HTEqualStrategyNumber];
 
                /* For hash partitioning, we have just the = strategy. */
                if (eq_clauses != NIL)
                {
                    PartClauseInfo *pc;
                    List       *pc_steps;
                    List       *prefix = NIL;
                    int         last_keyno;
                    ListCell   *lc1;
 
                    /*
                     * Locate the clause for the greatest column.  This may
                     * not belong to the last partition key, but it is the
                     * clause belonging to the last partition key we found a
                     * clause for above.
                     */
                    pc = llast(eq_clauses);
 
                    /*
                     * There might be multiple clauses which matched to that
                     * partition key; find the first such clause.  While at
                     * it, add all the clauses before that one to 'prefix'.
                     */
                    last_keyno = pc->keyno;
                    foreach(lc, eq_clauses)
                    {
                        pc = lfirst(lc);
                        if (pc->keyno == last_keyno)
                            break;
                        prefix = lappend(prefix, pc);
                    }
 
                    /*
                     * For each clause for the "last" column, after appending
                     * the clause's own expression to the 'prefix', we'll
                     * generate one step using the so generated vector and
                     * assign = as its strategy.  Actually, 'prefix' might
                     * contain multiple clauses for the same key, in which
                     * case, we must generate steps for various combinations
                     * of expressions of different keys, which
                     * get_steps_using_prefix will take care of for us.
                     */
                    for_each_cell(lc1, eq_clauses, lc)
                    {
                        pc = lfirst(lc1);
 
                        /*
                         * Note that we pass nullkeys for step_nullkeys,
                         * because we need to tell hash partition bound search
                         * function which of the keys we found IS NULL clauses
                         * for.
                         */
                        Assert(pc->op_strategy == HTEqualStrategyNumber);
                        pc_steps =
                            get_steps_using_prefix(context,
                                                   HTEqualStrategyNumber,
                                                   false,
                                                   pc->expr,
                                                   pc->cmpfn,
                                                   nullkeys,
                                                   prefix);
                        opsteps = list_concat(opsteps, pc_steps);
                    }
                }
                break;
            }
 
        default:
            elog(ERROR, "invalid partition strategy: %c",
                 part_scheme->strategy);
            break;
    }
 
    return opsteps;
}
 
/*
 * If the partition key has a collation, then the clause must have the same
 * input collation.  If the partition key is non-collatable, we assume the
 * collation doesn't matter, because while collation wasn't considered when
 * performing partitioning, the clause still may have a collation assigned
 * due to the other input being of a collatable type.
 *
 * See also IndexCollMatchesExprColl.
 */
#define PartCollMatchesExprColl(partcoll, exprcoll) \
    ((partcoll) == InvalidOid || (partcoll) == (exprcoll))
 
/*
 * match_clause_to_partition_key
 *      Attempt to match the given 'clause' with the specified partition key.
 *
 * Return value is:
 * * PARTCLAUSE_NOMATCH if the clause doesn't match this partition key (but
 *   caller should keep trying, because it might match a subsequent key).
 *   Output arguments: none set.
 *
 * * PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_CLAUSE if there is a match.
 *   Output arguments: *pc is set to a PartClauseInfo constructed for the
 *   matched clause.
 *
 * * PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_NULLNESS if there is a match, and the matched clause was
 *   either a "a IS NULL" or "a IS NOT NULL" clause.
 *   Output arguments: *clause_is_not_null is set to false in the former case
 *   true otherwise.
 *
 * * PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_STEPS if there is a match.
 *   Output arguments: *clause_steps is set to the list of recursively
 *   generated steps for the clause.
 *
 * * PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_CONTRADICT if the clause is self-contradictory, ie
 *   it provably returns FALSE or NULL.
 *   Output arguments: none set.
 *
 * * PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED if the clause doesn't match this partition key
 *   and couldn't possibly match any other one either, due to its form or
 *   properties (such as containing a volatile function).
 *   Output arguments: none set.
 */
static PartClauseMatchStatus
match_clause_to_partition_key(GeneratePruningStepsContext *context,
                              Expr *clause, Expr *partkey, int partkeyidx,
                              bool *clause_is_not_null, PartClauseInfo **pc,
                              List **clause_steps)
{
    PartClauseMatchStatus boolmatchstatus;
    PartitionScheme part_scheme = context->rel->part_scheme;
    Oid         partopfamily = part_scheme->partopfamily[partkeyidx],
                partcoll = part_scheme->partcollation[partkeyidx];
    Expr       *expr;
    bool        notclause;
 
    /*
     * Recognize specially shaped clauses that match a Boolean partition key.
     */
    boolmatchstatus = match_boolean_partition_clause(partopfamily, clause,
                                                     partkey, &expr,
                                                     &notclause);
 
    if (boolmatchstatus == PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_CLAUSE)
    {
        PartClauseInfo *partclause;
 
        /*
         * For bool tests in the form of partkey IS NOT true and IS NOT false,
         * we invert these clauses.  Effectively, "partkey IS NOT true"
         * becomes "partkey IS false OR partkey IS NULL".  We do this by
         * building an OR BoolExpr and forming a clause just like that and
         * punt it off to gen_partprune_steps_internal() to generate pruning
         * steps.
         */
        if (notclause)
        {
            List       *new_clauses;
            List       *or_clause;
            BooleanTest *new_booltest = (BooleanTest *) copyObject(clause);
            NullTest   *nulltest;
 
            /* We expect 'notclause' to only be set to true for BooleanTests */
            Assert(IsA(clause, BooleanTest));
 
            /* reverse the bool test */
            if (new_booltest->booltesttype == IS_NOT_TRUE)
                new_booltest->booltesttype = IS_FALSE;
            else if (new_booltest->booltesttype == IS_NOT_FALSE)
                new_booltest->booltesttype = IS_TRUE;
            else
            {
                /*
                 * We only expect match_boolean_partition_clause to return
                 * PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_CLAUSE for IS_NOT_TRUE and IS_NOT_FALSE.
                 */
                Assert(false);
            }
 
            nulltest = makeNode(NullTest);
            nulltest->arg = copyObject(partkey);
            nulltest->nulltesttype = IS_NULL;
            nulltest->argisrow = false;
            nulltest->location = -1;
 
            new_clauses = list_make2(new_booltest, nulltest);
            or_clause = list_make1(makeBoolExpr(OR_EXPR, new_clauses, -1));
 
            /* Finally, generate steps */
            *clause_steps = gen_partprune_steps_internal(context, or_clause);
 
            if (context->contradictory)
                return PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_CONTRADICT; /* shouldn't happen */
            else if (*clause_steps == NIL)
                return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED;  /* step generation failed */
            return PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_STEPS;
        }
 
        partclause = palloc_object(PartClauseInfo);
        partclause->keyno = partkeyidx;
        /* Do pruning with the Boolean equality operator. */
        partclause->opno = BooleanEqualOperator;
        partclause->op_is_ne = false;
        partclause->expr = expr;
        /* We know that expr is of Boolean type. */
        partclause->cmpfn = part_scheme->partsupfunc[partkeyidx].fn_oid;
        partclause->op_strategy = InvalidStrategy;
 
        *pc = partclause;
 
        return PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_CLAUSE;
    }
    else if (boolmatchstatus == PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_NULLNESS)
    {
        /*
         * Handle IS UNKNOWN and IS NOT UNKNOWN.  These just logically
         * translate to IS NULL and IS NOT NULL.
         */
        *clause_is_not_null = notclause;
        return PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_NULLNESS;
    }
    else if (IsA(clause, OpExpr) &&
             list_length(((OpExpr *) clause)->args) == 2)
    {
        OpExpr     *opclause = (OpExpr *) clause;
        Expr       *leftop,
                   *rightop;
        Oid         opno,
                    op_lefttype,
                    op_righttype,
                    negator = InvalidOid;
        Oid         cmpfn;
        int         op_strategy;
        bool        is_opne_listp = false;
        PartClauseInfo *partclause;
 
        leftop = (Expr *) get_leftop(clause);
        if (IsA(leftop, RelabelType))
            leftop = ((RelabelType *) leftop)->arg;
        rightop = (Expr *) get_rightop(clause);
        if (IsA(rightop, RelabelType))
            rightop = ((RelabelType *) rightop)->arg;
        opno = opclause->opno;
 
        /* check if the clause matches this partition key */
        if (equal(leftop, partkey))
            expr = rightop;
        else if (equal(rightop, partkey))
        {
            /*
             * It's only useful if we can commute the operator to put the
             * partkey on the left.  If we can't, the clause can be deemed
             * UNSUPPORTED.  Even if its leftop matches some later partkey, we
             * now know it has Vars on the right, so it's no use.
             */
            opno = get_commutator(opno);
            if (!OidIsValid(opno))
                return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED;
            expr = leftop;
        }
        else
            /* clause does not match this partition key, but perhaps next. */
            return PARTCLAUSE_NOMATCH;
 
        /*
         * Partition key match also requires collation match.  There may be
         * multiple partkeys with the same expression but different
         * collations, so failure is NOMATCH.
         */
        if (!PartCollMatchesExprColl(partcoll, opclause->inputcollid))
            return PARTCLAUSE_NOMATCH;
 
        /*
         * See if the operator is relevant to the partitioning opfamily.
         *
         * Normally we only care about operators that are listed as being part
         * of the partitioning operator family.  But there is one exception:
         * the not-equals operators are not listed in any operator family
         * whatsoever, but their negators (equality) are.  We can use one of
         * those if we find it, but only for list partitioning.
         *
         * Note: we report NOMATCH on failure if the negator isn't the
         * equality operator for the partkey's opfamily as other partkeys may
         * have the same expression but different opfamily.  That's unlikely,
         * but not much more so than duplicate expressions with different
         * collations.
         */
        if (op_in_opfamily(opno, partopfamily))
        {
            get_op_opfamily_properties(opno, partopfamily, false,
                                       &op_strategy, &op_lefttype,
                                       &op_righttype);
        }
        else
        {
            /* not supported for anything apart from LIST partitioned tables */
            if (part_scheme->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST)
                return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED;
 
            /* See if the negator is equality */
            negator = get_negator(opno);
            if (OidIsValid(negator) && op_in_opfamily(negator, partopfamily))
            {
                get_op_opfamily_properties(negator, partopfamily, false,
                                           &op_strategy, &op_lefttype,
                                           &op_righttype);
                if (op_strategy == BTEqualStrategyNumber)
                    is_opne_listp = true;   /* bingo */
            }
 
            /* Nope, it's not <> either. */
            if (!is_opne_listp)
                return PARTCLAUSE_NOMATCH;
        }
 
        /*
         * Only allow strict operators.  This will guarantee nulls are
         * filtered.  (This test is likely useless, since btree and hash
         * comparison operators are generally strict.)
         */
        if (!op_strict(opno))
            return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED;
 
        /*
         * OK, we have a match to the partition key and a suitable operator.
         * Examine the other argument to see if it's usable for pruning.
         *
         * In most of these cases, we can return UNSUPPORTED because the same
         * failure would occur no matter which partkey it's matched to.  (In
         * particular, now that we've successfully matched one side of the
         * opclause to a partkey, there is no chance that matching the other
         * side to another partkey will produce a usable result, since that'd
         * mean there are Vars on both sides.)
         *
         * Also, if we reject an argument for a target-dependent reason, set
         * appropriate fields of *context to report that.  We postpone these
         * tests until after matching the partkey and the operator, so as to
         * reduce the odds of setting the context fields for clauses that do
         * not end up contributing to pruning steps.
         *
         * First, check for non-Const argument.  (We assume that any immutable
         * subexpression will have been folded to a Const already.)
         */
        if (!IsA(expr, Const))
        {
            Bitmapset  *paramids;
 
            /*
             * When pruning in the planner, we only support pruning using
             * comparisons to constants.  We cannot prune on the basis of
             * anything that's not immutable.  (Note that has_mutable_arg and
             * has_exec_param do not get set for this target value.)
             */
            if (context->target == PARTTARGET_PLANNER)
                return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED;
 
            /*
             * We can never prune using an expression that contains Vars.
             */
            if (contain_var_clause((Node *) expr))
                return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED;
 
            /*
             * And we must reject anything containing a volatile function.
             * Stable functions are OK though.
             */
            if (contain_volatile_functions((Node *) expr))
                return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED;
 
            /*
             * See if there are any exec Params.  If so, we can only use this
             * expression during per-scan pruning.
             */
            paramids = pull_exec_paramids(expr);
            if (!bms_is_empty(paramids))
            {
                context->has_exec_param = true;
                if (context->target != PARTTARGET_EXEC)
                    return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED;
            }
            else
            {
                /* It's potentially usable, but mutable */
                context->has_mutable_arg = true;
            }
        }
 
        /*
         * Check whether the comparison operator itself is immutable.  (We
         * assume anything that's in a btree or hash opclass is at least
         * stable, but we need to check for immutability.)
         */
        if (op_volatile(opno) != PROVOLATILE_IMMUTABLE)
        {
            context->has_mutable_op = true;
 
            /*
             * When pruning in the planner, we cannot prune with mutable
             * operators.
             */
            if (context->target == PARTTARGET_PLANNER)
                return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED;
        }
 
        /*
         * Now find the procedure to use, based on the types.  If the clause's
         * other argument is of the same type as the partitioning opclass's
         * declared input type, we can use the procedure cached in
         * PartitionKey.  If not, search for a cross-type one in the same
         * opfamily; if one doesn't exist, report no match.
         */
        if (op_righttype == part_scheme->partopcintype[partkeyidx])
            cmpfn = part_scheme->partsupfunc[partkeyidx].fn_oid;
        else
        {
            switch (part_scheme->strategy)
            {
                    /*
                     * For range and list partitioning, we need the ordering
                     * procedure with lefttype being the partition key's type,
                     * and righttype the clause's operator's right type.
                     */
                case PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST:
                case PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE:
                    cmpfn =
                        get_opfamily_proc(part_scheme->partopfamily[partkeyidx],
                                          part_scheme->partopcintype[partkeyidx],
                                          op_righttype, BTORDER_PROC);
                    break;
 
                    /*
                     * For hash partitioning, we need the hashing procedure
                     * for the clause's type.
                     */
                case PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH:
                    cmpfn =
                        get_opfamily_proc(part_scheme->partopfamily[partkeyidx],
                                          op_righttype, op_righttype,
                                          HASHEXTENDED_PROC);
                    break;
 
                default:
                    elog(ERROR, "invalid partition strategy: %c",
                         part_scheme->strategy);
                    cmpfn = InvalidOid; /* keep compiler quiet */
                    break;
            }
 
            if (!OidIsValid(cmpfn))
                return PARTCLAUSE_NOMATCH;
        }
 
        /*
         * Build the clause, passing the negator if applicable.
         */
        partclause = palloc_object(PartClauseInfo);
        partclause->keyno = partkeyidx;
        if (is_opne_listp)
        {
            Assert(OidIsValid(negator));
            partclause->opno = negator;
            partclause->op_is_ne = true;
            partclause->op_strategy = InvalidStrategy;
        }
        else
        {
            partclause->opno = opno;
            partclause->op_is_ne = false;
            partclause->op_strategy = op_strategy;
        }
        partclause->expr = expr;
        partclause->cmpfn = cmpfn;
 
        *pc = partclause;
 
        return PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_CLAUSE;
    }
    else if (IsA(clause, ScalarArrayOpExpr))
    {
        ScalarArrayOpExpr *saop = (ScalarArrayOpExpr *) clause;
        Oid         saop_op = saop->opno;
        Oid         saop_coll = saop->inputcollid;
        Expr       *leftop = (Expr *) linitial(saop->args),
                   *rightop = (Expr *) lsecond(saop->args);
        List       *elem_exprs,
                   *elem_clauses;
        ListCell   *lc1;
 
        if (IsA(leftop, RelabelType))
            leftop = ((RelabelType *) leftop)->arg;
 
        /* check if the LHS matches this partition key */
        if (!equal(leftop, partkey) ||
            !PartCollMatchesExprColl(partcoll, saop->inputcollid))
            return PARTCLAUSE_NOMATCH;
 
        /*
         * See if the operator is relevant to the partitioning opfamily.
         *
         * In case of NOT IN (..), we get a '<>', which we handle if list
         * partitioning is in use and we're able to confirm that it's negator
         * is a btree equality operator belonging to the partitioning operator
         * family.  As above, report NOMATCH for non-matching operator.
         */
        if (!op_in_opfamily(saop_op, partopfamily))
        {
            Oid         negator;
 
            if (part_scheme->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST)
                return PARTCLAUSE_NOMATCH;
 
            negator = get_negator(saop_op);
            if (OidIsValid(negator) && op_in_opfamily(negator, partopfamily))
            {
                int         strategy;
                Oid         lefttype,
                            righttype;
 
                get_op_opfamily_properties(negator, partopfamily,
                                           false, &strategy,
                                           &lefttype, &righttype);
                if (strategy != BTEqualStrategyNumber)
                    return PARTCLAUSE_NOMATCH;
            }
            else
                return PARTCLAUSE_NOMATCH;  /* no useful negator */
        }
 
        /*
         * Only allow strict operators.  This will guarantee nulls are
         * filtered.  (This test is likely useless, since btree and hash
         * comparison operators are generally strict.)
         */
        if (!op_strict(saop_op))
            return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED;
 
        /*
         * OK, we have a match to the partition key and a suitable operator.
         * Examine the array argument to see if it's usable for pruning.  This
         * is identical to the logic for a plain OpExpr.
         */
        if (!IsA(rightop, Const))
        {
            Bitmapset  *paramids;
 
            /*
             * When pruning in the planner, we only support pruning using
             * comparisons to constants.  We cannot prune on the basis of
             * anything that's not immutable.  (Note that has_mutable_arg and
             * has_exec_param do not get set for this target value.)
             */
            if (context->target == PARTTARGET_PLANNER)
                return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED;
 
            /*
             * We can never prune using an expression that contains Vars.
             */
            if (contain_var_clause((Node *) rightop))
                return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED;
 
            /*
             * And we must reject anything containing a volatile function.
             * Stable functions are OK though.
             */
            if (contain_volatile_functions((Node *) rightop))
                return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED;
 
            /*
             * See if there are any exec Params.  If so, we can only use this
             * expression during per-scan pruning.
             */
            paramids = pull_exec_paramids(rightop);
            if (!bms_is_empty(paramids))
            {
                context->has_exec_param = true;
                if (context->target != PARTTARGET_EXEC)
                    return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED;
            }
            else
            {
                /* It's potentially usable, but mutable */
                context->has_mutable_arg = true;
            }
        }
 
        /*
         * Check whether the comparison operator itself is immutable.  (We
         * assume anything that's in a btree or hash opclass is at least
         * stable, but we need to check for immutability.)
         */
        if (op_volatile(saop_op) != PROVOLATILE_IMMUTABLE)
        {
            context->has_mutable_op = true;
 
            /*
             * When pruning in the planner, we cannot prune with mutable
             * operators.
             */
            if (context->target == PARTTARGET_PLANNER)
                return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED;
        }
 
        /*
         * Examine the contents of the array argument.
         */
        elem_exprs = NIL;
        if (IsA(rightop, Const))
        {
            /*
             * For a constant array, convert the elements to a list of Const
             * nodes, one for each array element (excepting nulls).
             */
            Const      *arr = (Const *) rightop;
            ArrayType  *arrval;
            int16       elemlen;
            bool        elembyval;
            char        elemalign;
            Datum      *elem_values;
            bool       *elem_nulls;
            int         num_elems,
                        i;
 
            /* If the array itself is null, the saop returns null */
            if (arr->constisnull)
                return PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_CONTRADICT;
 
            arrval = DatumGetArrayTypeP(arr->constvalue);
            get_typlenbyvalalign(ARR_ELEMTYPE(arrval),
                                 &elemlen, &elembyval, &elemalign);
            deconstruct_array(arrval,
                              ARR_ELEMTYPE(arrval),
                              elemlen, elembyval, elemalign,
                              &elem_values, &elem_nulls,
                              &num_elems);
            for (i = 0; i < num_elems; i++)
            {
                Const      *elem_expr;
 
                /*
                 * A null array element must lead to a null comparison result,
                 * since saop_op is known strict.  We can ignore it in the
                 * useOr case, but otherwise it implies self-contradiction.
                 */
                if (elem_nulls[i])
                {
                    if (saop->useOr)
                        continue;
                    return PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_CONTRADICT;
                }
 
                elem_expr = makeConst(ARR_ELEMTYPE(arrval), -1,
                                      arr->constcollid, elemlen,
                                      elem_values[i], false, elembyval);
                elem_exprs = lappend(elem_exprs, elem_expr);
            }
        }
        else if (IsA(rightop, ArrayExpr))
        {
            ArrayExpr  *arrexpr = castNode(ArrayExpr, rightop);
 
            /*
             * For a nested ArrayExpr, we don't know how to get the actual
             * scalar values out into a flat list, so we give up doing
             * anything with this ScalarArrayOpExpr.
             */
            if (arrexpr->multidims)
                return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED;
 
            /*
             * Otherwise, we can just use the list of element values.
             */
            elem_exprs = arrexpr->elements;
        }
        else
        {
            /* Give up on any other clause types. */
            return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED;
        }
 
        /*
         * Now generate a list of clauses, one for each array element, of the
         * form leftop saop_op elem_expr
         */
        elem_clauses = NIL;
        foreach(lc1, elem_exprs)
        {
            Expr       *elem_clause;
 
            elem_clause = make_opclause(saop_op, BOOLOID, false,
                                        leftop, lfirst(lc1),
                                        InvalidOid, saop_coll);
            elem_clauses = lappend(elem_clauses, elem_clause);
        }
 
        /*
         * If we have an ANY clause and multiple elements, now turn the list
         * of clauses into an OR expression.
         */
        if (saop->useOr && list_length(elem_clauses) > 1)
            elem_clauses = list_make1(makeBoolExpr(OR_EXPR, elem_clauses, -1));
 
        /* Finally, generate steps */
        *clause_steps = gen_partprune_steps_internal(context, elem_clauses);
        if (context->contradictory)
            return PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_CONTRADICT;
        else if (*clause_steps == NIL)
            return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED;  /* step generation failed */
        return PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_STEPS;
    }
    else if (IsA(clause, NullTest))
    {
        NullTest   *nulltest = (NullTest *) clause;
        Expr       *arg = nulltest->arg;
 
        if (IsA(arg, RelabelType))
            arg = ((RelabelType *) arg)->arg;
 
        /* Does arg match with this partition key column? */
        if (!equal(arg, partkey))
            return PARTCLAUSE_NOMATCH;
 
        *clause_is_not_null = (nulltest->nulltesttype == IS_NOT_NULL);
 
        return PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_NULLNESS;
    }
 
    /*
     * If we get here then the return value depends on the result of the
     * match_boolean_partition_clause call above.  If the call returned
     * PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED then we're either not dealing with a bool qual
     * or the bool qual is not suitable for pruning.  Since the qual didn't
     * match up to any of the other qual types supported here, then trying to
     * match it against any other partition key is a waste of time, so just
     * return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED.  If the qual just couldn't be matched to
     * this partition key, then it may match another, so return
     * PARTCLAUSE_NOMATCH.  The only other value that
     * match_boolean_partition_clause can return is PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_CLAUSE,
     * and since that value was already dealt with above, then we can just
     * return boolmatchstatus.
     */
    return boolmatchstatus;
}
 
/*
 * get_steps_using_prefix
 *      Generate a list of PartitionPruneStepOps based on the given input.
 *
 * 'step_lastexpr' and 'step_lastcmpfn' are the Expr and comparison function
 * belonging to the final partition key that we have a clause for.  'prefix'
 * is a list of PartClauseInfos for partition key numbers prior to the given
 * 'step_lastexpr' and 'step_lastcmpfn'.  'prefix' may contain multiple
 * PartClauseInfos belonging to a single partition key.  We will generate a
 * PartitionPruneStepOp for each combination of the given PartClauseInfos
 * using, at most, one PartClauseInfo per partition key.
 *
 * For LIST and RANGE partitioned tables, callers must ensure that
 * step_nullkeys is NULL, and that prefix contains at least one clause for
 * each of the partition keys prior to the key that 'step_lastexpr' and
 * 'step_lastcmpfn' belong to.
 *
 * For HASH partitioned tables, callers must ensure that 'prefix' contains at
 * least one clause for each of the partition keys apart from the final key
 * (the expr and comparison function for the final key are in 'step_lastexpr'
 * and 'step_lastcmpfn').  A bit set in step_nullkeys can substitute clauses
 * in the 'prefix' list for any given key.  If a bit is set in 'step_nullkeys'
 * for a given key, then there must be no PartClauseInfo for that key in the
 * 'prefix' list.
 *
 * For each of the above cases, callers must ensure that PartClauseInfos in
 * 'prefix' are sorted in ascending order of keyno.
 */
static List *
get_steps_using_prefix(GeneratePruningStepsContext *context,
                       StrategyNumber step_opstrategy,
                       bool step_op_is_ne,
                       Expr *step_lastexpr,
                       Oid step_lastcmpfn,
                       Bitmapset *step_nullkeys,
                       List *prefix)
{
    /* step_nullkeys must be empty for RANGE and LIST partitioned tables */
    Assert(step_nullkeys == NULL ||
           context->rel->part_scheme->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH);
 
    /*
     * No recursive processing is required when 'prefix' is an empty list.
     * This occurs when there is only 1 partition key column.
     */
    if (prefix == NIL)
    {
        PartitionPruneStep *step;
 
        step = gen_prune_step_op(context,
                                 step_opstrategy,
                                 step_op_is_ne,
                                 list_make1(step_lastexpr),
                                 list_make1_oid(step_lastcmpfn),
                                 step_nullkeys);
        return list_make1(step);
    }
 
    /* Recurse to generate steps for every combination of clauses. */
    return get_steps_using_prefix_recurse(context,
                                          step_opstrategy,
                                          step_op_is_ne,
                                          step_lastexpr,
                                          step_lastcmpfn,
                                          step_nullkeys,
                                          prefix,
                                          list_head(prefix),
                                          NIL, NIL);
}
 
/*
 * get_steps_using_prefix_recurse
 *      Generate and return a list of PartitionPruneStepOps using the 'prefix'
 *      list of PartClauseInfos starting at the 'start' cell.
 *
 * When 'prefix' contains multiple PartClauseInfos for a single partition key
 * we create a PartitionPruneStepOp for each combination of duplicated
 * PartClauseInfos.  The returned list will contain a PartitionPruneStepOp
 * for each unique combination of input PartClauseInfos containing at most one
 * PartClauseInfo per partition key.
 *
 * 'prefix' is the input list of PartClauseInfos sorted by keyno.
 * 'start' marks the cell that searching the 'prefix' list should start from.
 * 'step_exprs' and 'step_cmpfns' each contains the expressions and cmpfns
 * we've generated so far from the clauses for the previous part keys.
 */
static List *
get_steps_using_prefix_recurse(GeneratePruningStepsContext *context,
                               StrategyNumber step_opstrategy,
                               bool step_op_is_ne,
                               Expr *step_lastexpr,
                               Oid step_lastcmpfn,
                               Bitmapset *step_nullkeys,
                               List *prefix,
                               ListCell *start,
                               List *step_exprs,
                               List *step_cmpfns)
{
    List       *result = NIL;
    ListCell   *lc;
    int         cur_keyno;
    int         final_keyno;
 
    /* Actually, recursion would be limited by PARTITION_MAX_KEYS. */
    check_stack_depth();
 
    Assert(start != NULL);
    cur_keyno = ((PartClauseInfo *) lfirst(start))->keyno;
    final_keyno = ((PartClauseInfo *) llast(prefix))->keyno;
 
    /* Check if we need to recurse. */
    if (cur_keyno < final_keyno)
    {
        PartClauseInfo *pc;
        ListCell   *next_start;
 
        /*
         * Find the first PartClauseInfo belonging to the next partition key,
         * the next recursive call must start iteration of the prefix list
         * from that point.
         */
        for_each_cell(lc, prefix, start)
        {
            pc = lfirst(lc);
 
            if (pc->keyno > cur_keyno)
                break;
        }
 
        /* record where to start iterating in the next recursive call */
        next_start = lc;
 
        /*
         * For each PartClauseInfo with keyno set to cur_keyno, add its expr
         * and cmpfn to step_exprs and step_cmpfns, respectively, and recurse
         * using 'next_start' as the starting point in the 'prefix' list.
         */
        for_each_cell(lc, prefix, start)
        {
            List       *moresteps;
            List       *step_exprs1,
                       *step_cmpfns1;
 
            pc = lfirst(lc);
            if (pc->keyno == cur_keyno)
            {
                /* Leave the original step_exprs unmodified. */
                step_exprs1 = list_copy(step_exprs);
                step_exprs1 = lappend(step_exprs1, pc->expr);
 
                /* Leave the original step_cmpfns unmodified. */
                step_cmpfns1 = list_copy(step_cmpfns);
                step_cmpfns1 = lappend_oid(step_cmpfns1, pc->cmpfn);
            }
            else
            {
                /* check the 'prefix' list is sorted correctly */
                Assert(pc->keyno > cur_keyno);
                break;
            }
 
            moresteps = get_steps_using_prefix_recurse(context,
                                                       step_opstrategy,
                                                       step_op_is_ne,
                                                       step_lastexpr,
                                                       step_lastcmpfn,
                                                       step_nullkeys,
                                                       prefix,
                                                       next_start,
                                                       step_exprs1,
                                                       step_cmpfns1);
            result = list_concat(result, moresteps);
 
            list_free(step_exprs1);
            list_free(step_cmpfns1);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        /*
         * End the current recursion cycle and start generating steps, one for
         * each clause with cur_keyno, which is all clauses from here onward
         * till the end of the list.  Note that for hash partitioning,
         * step_nullkeys is allowed to be non-empty, in which case step_exprs
         * would only contain expressions for the partition keys that are not
         * specified in step_nullkeys.
         */
        Assert(list_length(step_exprs) == cur_keyno ||
               !bms_is_empty(step_nullkeys));
 
        /*
         * Note also that for hash partitioning, each partition key should
         * have either equality clauses or an IS NULL clause, so if a
         * partition key doesn't have an expression, it would be specified in
         * step_nullkeys.
         */
        Assert(context->rel->part_scheme->strategy
               != PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH ||
               list_length(step_exprs) + 2 + bms_num_members(step_nullkeys) ==
               context->rel->part_scheme->partnatts);
        for_each_cell(lc, prefix, start)
        {
            PartClauseInfo *pc = lfirst(lc);
            PartitionPruneStep *step;
            List       *step_exprs1,
                       *step_cmpfns1;
 
            Assert(pc->keyno == cur_keyno);
 
            /* Leave the original step_exprs unmodified. */
            step_exprs1 = list_copy(step_exprs);
            step_exprs1 = lappend(step_exprs1, pc->expr);
            step_exprs1 = lappend(step_exprs1, step_lastexpr);
 
            /* Leave the original step_cmpfns unmodified. */
            step_cmpfns1 = list_copy(step_cmpfns);
            step_cmpfns1 = lappend_oid(step_cmpfns1, pc->cmpfn);
            step_cmpfns1 = lappend_oid(step_cmpfns1, step_lastcmpfn);
 
            step = gen_prune_step_op(context,
                                     step_opstrategy, step_op_is_ne,
                                     step_exprs1, step_cmpfns1,
                                     step_nullkeys);
            result = lappend(result, step);
        }
    }
 
    return result;
}
 
/*
 * get_matching_hash_bounds
 *      Determine offset of the hash bound matching the specified values,
 *      considering that all the non-null values come from clauses containing
 *      a compatible hash equality operator and any keys that are null come
 *      from an IS NULL clause.
 *
 * Generally this function will return a single matching bound offset,
 * although if a partition has not been setup for a given modulus then we may
 * return no matches.  If the number of clauses found don't cover the entire
 * partition key, then we'll need to return all offsets.
 *
 * 'opstrategy' if non-zero must be HTEqualStrategyNumber.
 *
 * 'values' contains Datums indexed by the partition key to use for pruning.
 *
 * 'nvalues', the number of Datums in the 'values' array.
 *
 * 'partsupfunc' contains partition hashing functions that can produce correct
 * hash for the type of the values contained in 'values'.
 *
 * 'nullkeys' is the set of partition keys that are null.
 */
static PruneStepResult *
get_matching_hash_bounds(PartitionPruneContext *context,
                         StrategyNumber opstrategy, const Datum *values, int nvalues,
                         FmgrInfo *partsupfunc, Bitmapset *nullkeys)
{
    PruneStepResult *result = palloc0_object(PruneStepResult);
    PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo = context->boundinfo;
    int        *partindices = boundinfo->indexes;
    int         partnatts = context->partnatts;
    bool        isnull[PARTITION_MAX_KEYS];
    int         i;
    uint64      rowHash;
    int         greatest_modulus;
    Oid        *partcollation = context->partcollation;
 
    Assert(context->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH);
 
    /*
     * For hash partitioning we can only perform pruning based on equality
     * clauses to the partition key or IS NULL clauses.  We also can only
     * prune if we got values for all keys.
     */
    if (nvalues + bms_num_members(nullkeys) == partnatts)
    {
        /*
         * If there are any values, they must have come from clauses
         * containing an equality operator compatible with hash partitioning.
         */
        Assert(opstrategy == HTEqualStrategyNumber || nvalues == 0);
 
        for (i = 0; i < partnatts; i++)
            isnull[i] = bms_is_member(i, nullkeys);
 
        rowHash = compute_partition_hash_value(partnatts, partsupfunc, partcollation,
                                               values, isnull);
 
        greatest_modulus = boundinfo->nindexes;
        if (partindices[rowHash % greatest_modulus] >= 0)
            result->bound_offsets =
                bms_make_singleton(rowHash % greatest_modulus);
    }
    else
    {
        /* Report all valid offsets into the boundinfo->indexes array. */
        result->bound_offsets = bms_add_range(NULL, 0,
                                              boundinfo->nindexes - 1);
    }
 
    /*
     * There is neither a special hash null partition or the default hash
     * partition.
     */
    result->scan_null = result->scan_default = false;
 
    return result;
}
 
/*
 * get_matching_list_bounds
 *      Determine the offsets of list bounds matching the specified value,
 *      according to the semantics of the given operator strategy
 *
 * scan_default will be set in the returned struct, if the default partition
 * needs to be scanned, provided one exists at all.  scan_null will be set if
 * the special null-accepting partition needs to be scanned.
 *
 * 'opstrategy' if non-zero must be a btree strategy number.
 *
 * 'value' contains the value to use for pruning.
 *
 * 'nvalues', if non-zero, should be exactly 1, because of list partitioning.
 *
 * 'partsupfunc' contains the list partitioning comparison function to be used
 * to perform partition_list_bsearch
 *
 * 'nullkeys' is the set of partition keys that are null.
 */
static PruneStepResult *
get_matching_list_bounds(PartitionPruneContext *context,
                         StrategyNumber opstrategy, Datum value, int nvalues,
                         FmgrInfo *partsupfunc, Bitmapset *nullkeys)
{
    PruneStepResult *result = palloc0_object(PruneStepResult);
    PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo = context->boundinfo;
    int         off,
                minoff,
                maxoff;
    bool        is_equal;
    bool        inclusive = false;
    Oid        *partcollation = context->partcollation;
 
    Assert(context->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST);
    Assert(context->partnatts == 1);
 
    result->scan_null = result->scan_default = false;
 
    if (!bms_is_empty(nullkeys))
    {
        /*
         * Nulls may exist in only one partition - the partition whose
         * accepted set of values includes null or the default partition if
         * the former doesn't exist.
         */
        if (partition_bound_accepts_nulls(boundinfo))
            result->scan_null = true;
        else
            result->scan_default = partition_bound_has_default(boundinfo);
        return result;
    }
 
    /*
     * If there are no datums to compare keys with, but there are partitions,
     * just return the default partition if one exists.
     */
    if (boundinfo->ndatums == 0)
    {
        result->scan_default = partition_bound_has_default(boundinfo);
        return result;
    }
 
    minoff = 0;
    maxoff = boundinfo->ndatums - 1;
 
    /*
     * If there are no values to compare with the datums in boundinfo, it
     * means the caller asked for partitions for all non-null datums.  Add
     * indexes of *all* partitions, including the default if any.
     */
    if (nvalues == 0)
    {
        Assert(boundinfo->ndatums > 0);
        result->bound_offsets = bms_add_range(NULL, 0,
                                              boundinfo->ndatums - 1);
        result->scan_default = partition_bound_has_default(boundinfo);
        return result;
    }
 
    /* Special case handling of values coming from a <> operator clause. */
    if (opstrategy == InvalidStrategy)
    {
        /*
         * First match to all bounds.  We'll remove any matching datums below.
         */
        Assert(boundinfo->ndatums > 0);
        result->bound_offsets = bms_add_range(NULL, 0,
                                              boundinfo->ndatums - 1);
 
        off = partition_list_bsearch(partsupfunc, partcollation, boundinfo,
                                     value, &is_equal);
        if (off >= 0 && is_equal)
        {
 
            /* We have a match. Remove from the result. */
            Assert(boundinfo->indexes[off] >= 0);
            result->bound_offsets = bms_del_member(result->bound_offsets,
                                                   off);
        }
 
        /* Always include the default partition if any. */
        result->scan_default = partition_bound_has_default(boundinfo);
 
        return result;
    }
 
    /*
     * With range queries, always include the default list partition, because
     * list partitions divide the key space in a discontinuous manner, not all
     * values in the given range will have a partition assigned.  This may not
     * technically be true for some data types (e.g. integer types), however,
     * we currently lack any sort of infrastructure to provide us with proofs
     * that would allow us to do anything smarter here.
     */
    if (opstrategy != BTEqualStrategyNumber)
        result->scan_default = partition_bound_has_default(boundinfo);
 
    switch (opstrategy)
    {
        case BTEqualStrategyNumber:
            off = partition_list_bsearch(partsupfunc,
                                         partcollation,
                                         boundinfo, value,
                                         &is_equal);
            if (off >= 0 && is_equal)
            {
                Assert(boundinfo->indexes[off] >= 0);
                result->bound_offsets = bms_make_singleton(off);
            }
            else
                result->scan_default = partition_bound_has_default(boundinfo);
            return result;
 
        case BTGreaterEqualStrategyNumber:
            inclusive = true;
            /* fall through */
        case BTGreaterStrategyNumber:
            off = partition_list_bsearch(partsupfunc,
                                         partcollation,
                                         boundinfo, value,
                                         &is_equal);
            if (off >= 0)
            {
                /* We don't want the matched datum to be in the result. */
                if (!is_equal || !inclusive)
                    off++;
            }
            else
            {
                /*
                 * This case means all partition bounds are greater, which in
                 * turn means that all partitions satisfy this key.
                 */
                off = 0;
            }
 
            /*
             * off is greater than the numbers of datums we have partitions
             * for.  The only possible partition that could contain a match is
             * the default partition, but we must've set context->scan_default
             * above anyway if one exists.
             */
            if (off > boundinfo->ndatums - 1)
                return result;
 
            minoff = off;
            break;
 
        case BTLessEqualStrategyNumber:
            inclusive = true;
            /* fall through */
        case BTLessStrategyNumber:
            off = partition_list_bsearch(partsupfunc,
                                         partcollation,
                                         boundinfo, value,
                                         &is_equal);
            if (off >= 0 && is_equal && !inclusive)
                off--;
 
            /*
             * off is smaller than the datums of all non-default partitions.
             * The only possible partition that could contain a match is the
             * default partition, but we must've set context->scan_default
             * above anyway if one exists.
             */
            if (off < 0)
                return result;
 
            maxoff = off;
            break;
 
        default:
            elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy number %d", opstrategy);
            break;
    }
 
    Assert(minoff >= 0 && maxoff >= 0);
    result->bound_offsets = bms_add_range(NULL, minoff, maxoff);
    return result;
}
 
 
/*
 * get_matching_range_bounds
 *      Determine the offsets of range bounds matching the specified values,
 *      according to the semantics of the given operator strategy
 *
 * Each datum whose offset is in result is to be treated as the upper bound of
 * the partition that will contain the desired values.
 *
 * scan_default is set in the returned struct if a default partition exists
 * and we're absolutely certain that it needs to be scanned.  We do *not* set
 * it just because values match portions of the key space uncovered by
 * partitions other than default (space which we normally assume to belong to
 * the default partition): the final set of bounds obtained after combining
 * multiple pruning steps might exclude it, so we infer its inclusion
 * elsewhere.
 *
 * 'opstrategy' must be a btree strategy number.
 *
 * 'values' contains Datums indexed by the partition key to use for pruning.
 *
 * 'nvalues', number of Datums in 'values' array. Must be <= context->partnatts.
 *
 * 'partsupfunc' contains the range partitioning comparison functions to be
 * used to perform partition_range_datum_bsearch or partition_rbound_datum_cmp
 * using.
 *
 * 'nullkeys' is the set of partition keys that are null.
 */
static PruneStepResult *
get_matching_range_bounds(PartitionPruneContext *context,
                          StrategyNumber opstrategy, const Datum *values, int nvalues,
                          FmgrInfo *partsupfunc, Bitmapset *nullkeys)
{
    PruneStepResult *result = palloc0_object(PruneStepResult);
    PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo = context->boundinfo;
    Oid        *partcollation = context->partcollation;
    int         partnatts = context->partnatts;
    int        *partindices = boundinfo->indexes;
    int         off,
                minoff,
                maxoff;
    bool        is_equal;
    bool        inclusive = false;
 
    Assert(context->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE);
    Assert(nvalues <= partnatts);
 
    result->scan_null = result->scan_default = false;
 
    /*
     * If there are no datums to compare keys with, or if we got an IS NULL
     * clause just return the default partition, if it exists.
     */
    if (boundinfo->ndatums == 0 || !bms_is_empty(nullkeys))
    {
        result->scan_default = partition_bound_has_default(boundinfo);
        return result;
    }
 
    minoff = 0;
    maxoff = boundinfo->ndatums;
 
    /*
     * If there are no values to compare with the datums in boundinfo, it
     * means the caller asked for partitions for all non-null datums.  Add
     * indexes of *all* partitions, including the default partition if one
     * exists.
     */
    if (nvalues == 0)
    {
        /* ignore key space not covered by any partitions */
        if (partindices[minoff] < 0)
            minoff++;
        if (partindices[maxoff] < 0)
            maxoff--;
 
        result->scan_default = partition_bound_has_default(boundinfo);
        Assert(partindices[minoff] >= 0 &&
               partindices[maxoff] >= 0);
        result->bound_offsets = bms_add_range(NULL, minoff, maxoff);
 
        return result;
    }
 
    /*
     * If the query does not constrain all key columns, we'll need to scan the
     * default partition, if any.
     */
    if (nvalues < partnatts)
        result->scan_default = partition_bound_has_default(boundinfo);
 
    switch (opstrategy)
    {
        case BTEqualStrategyNumber:
            /* Look for the smallest bound that is = lookup value. */
            off = partition_range_datum_bsearch(partsupfunc,
                                                partcollation,
                                                boundinfo,
                                                nvalues, values,
                                                &is_equal);
 
            if (off >= 0 && is_equal)
            {
                if (nvalues == partnatts)
                {
                    /* There can only be zero or one matching partition. */
                    result->bound_offsets = bms_make_singleton(off + 1);
                    return result;
                }
                else
                {
                    int         saved_off = off;
 
                    /*
                     * Since the lookup value contains only a prefix of keys,
                     * we must find other bounds that may also match the
                     * prefix.  partition_range_datum_bsearch() returns the
                     * offset of one of them, find others by checking adjacent
                     * bounds.
                     */
 
                    /*
                     * First find greatest bound that's smaller than the
                     * lookup value.
                     */
                    while (off >= 1)
                    {
                        int32       cmpval;
 
                        cmpval =
                            partition_rbound_datum_cmp(partsupfunc,
                                                       partcollation,
                                                       boundinfo->datums[off - 1],
                                                       boundinfo->kind[off - 1],
                                                       values, nvalues);
                        if (cmpval != 0)
                            break;
                        off--;
                    }
 
                    Assert(0 ==
                           partition_rbound_datum_cmp(partsupfunc,
                                                      partcollation,
                                                      boundinfo->datums[off],
                                                      boundinfo->kind[off],
                                                      values, nvalues));
 
                    /*
                     * We can treat 'off' as the offset of the smallest bound
                     * to be included in the result, if we know it is the
                     * upper bound of the partition in which the lookup value
                     * could possibly exist.  One case it couldn't is if the
                     * bound, or precisely the matched portion of its prefix,
                     * is not inclusive.
                     */
                    if (boundinfo->kind[off][nvalues] ==
                        PARTITION_RANGE_DATUM_MINVALUE)
                        off++;
 
                    minoff = off;
 
                    /*
                     * Now find smallest bound that's greater than the lookup
                     * value.
                     */
                    off = saved_off;
                    while (off < boundinfo->ndatums - 1)
                    {
                        int32       cmpval;
 
                        cmpval = partition_rbound_datum_cmp(partsupfunc,
                                                            partcollation,
                                                            boundinfo->datums[off + 1],
                                                            boundinfo->kind[off + 1],
                                                            values, nvalues);
                        if (cmpval != 0)
                            break;
                        off++;
                    }
 
                    Assert(0 ==
                           partition_rbound_datum_cmp(partsupfunc,
                                                      partcollation,
                                                      boundinfo->datums[off],
                                                      boundinfo->kind[off],
                                                      values, nvalues));
 
                    /*
                     * off + 1, then would be the offset of the greatest bound
                     * to be included in the result.
                     */
                    maxoff = off + 1;
                }
 
                Assert(minoff >= 0 && maxoff >= 0);
                result->bound_offsets = bms_add_range(NULL, minoff, maxoff);
            }
            else
            {
                /*
                 * The lookup value falls in the range between some bounds in
                 * boundinfo.  'off' would be the offset of the greatest bound
                 * that is <= lookup value, so add off + 1 to the result
                 * instead as the offset of the upper bound of the only
                 * partition that may contain the lookup value.  If 'off' is
                 * -1 indicating that all bounds are greater, then we simply
                 * end up adding the first bound's offset, that is, 0.
                 */
                result->bound_offsets = bms_make_singleton(off + 1);
            }
 
            return result;
 
        case BTGreaterEqualStrategyNumber:
            inclusive = true;
            /* fall through */
        case BTGreaterStrategyNumber:
 
            /*
             * Look for the smallest bound that is > or >= lookup value and
             * set minoff to its offset.
             */
            off = partition_range_datum_bsearch(partsupfunc,
                                                partcollation,
                                                boundinfo,
                                                nvalues, values,
                                                &is_equal);
            if (off < 0)
            {
                /*
                 * All bounds are greater than the lookup value, so include
                 * all of them in the result.
                 */
                minoff = 0;
            }
            else
            {
                if (is_equal && nvalues < partnatts)
                {
                    /*
                     * Since the lookup value contains only a prefix of keys,
                     * we must find other bounds that may also match the
                     * prefix.  partition_range_datum_bsearch() returns the
                     * offset of one of them, find others by checking adjacent
                     * bounds.
                     *
                     * Based on whether the lookup values are inclusive or
                     * not, we must either include the indexes of all such
                     * bounds in the result (that is, set minoff to the index
                     * of smallest such bound) or find the smallest one that's
                     * greater than the lookup values and set minoff to that.
                     */
                    while (off >= 1 && off < boundinfo->ndatums - 1)
                    {
                        int32       cmpval;
                        int         nextoff;
 
                        nextoff = inclusive ? off - 1 : off + 1;
                        cmpval =
                            partition_rbound_datum_cmp(partsupfunc,
                                                       partcollation,
                                                       boundinfo->datums[nextoff],
                                                       boundinfo->kind[nextoff],
                                                       values, nvalues);
                        if (cmpval != 0)
                            break;
 
                        off = nextoff;
                    }
 
                    Assert(0 ==
                           partition_rbound_datum_cmp(partsupfunc,
                                                      partcollation,
                                                      boundinfo->datums[off],
                                                      boundinfo->kind[off],
                                                      values, nvalues));
 
                    minoff = inclusive ? off : off + 1;
                }
                else
                {
 
                    /*
                     * lookup value falls in the range between some bounds in
                     * boundinfo.  off would be the offset of the greatest
                     * bound that is <= lookup value, so add off + 1 to the
                     * result instead as the offset of the upper bound of the
                     * smallest partition that may contain the lookup value.
                     */
                    minoff = off + 1;
                }
            }
            break;
 
        case BTLessEqualStrategyNumber:
            inclusive = true;
            /* fall through */
        case BTLessStrategyNumber:
 
            /*
             * Look for the greatest bound that is < or <= lookup value and
             * set maxoff to its offset.
             */
            off = partition_range_datum_bsearch(partsupfunc,
                                                partcollation,
                                                boundinfo,
                                                nvalues, values,
                                                &is_equal);
            if (off >= 0)
            {
                /*
                 * See the comment above.
                 */
                if (is_equal && nvalues < partnatts)
                {
                    while (off >= 1 && off < boundinfo->ndatums - 1)
                    {
                        int32       cmpval;
                        int         nextoff;
 
                        nextoff = inclusive ? off + 1 : off - 1;
                        cmpval = partition_rbound_datum_cmp(partsupfunc,
                                                            partcollation,
                                                            boundinfo->datums[nextoff],
                                                            boundinfo->kind[nextoff],
                                                            values, nvalues);
                        if (cmpval != 0)
                            break;
 
                        off = nextoff;
                    }
 
                    Assert(0 ==
                           partition_rbound_datum_cmp(partsupfunc,
                                                      partcollation,
                                                      boundinfo->datums[off],
                                                      boundinfo->kind[off],
                                                      values, nvalues));
 
                    maxoff = inclusive ? off + 1 : off;
                }
 
                /*
                 * The lookup value falls in the range between some bounds in
                 * boundinfo.  'off' would be the offset of the greatest bound
                 * that is <= lookup value, so add off + 1 to the result
                 * instead as the offset of the upper bound of the greatest
                 * partition that may contain lookup value.  If the lookup
                 * value had exactly matched the bound, but it isn't
                 * inclusive, no need add the adjacent partition.
                 */
                else if (!is_equal || inclusive)
                    maxoff = off + 1;
                else
                    maxoff = off;
            }
            else
            {
                /*
                 * 'off' is -1 indicating that all bounds are greater, so just
                 * set the first bound's offset as maxoff.
                 */
                maxoff = off + 1;
            }
            break;
 
        default:
            elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy number %d", opstrategy);
            break;
    }
 
    Assert(minoff >= 0 && minoff <= boundinfo->ndatums);
    Assert(maxoff >= 0 && maxoff <= boundinfo->ndatums);
 
    /*
     * If the smallest partition to return has MINVALUE (negative infinity) as
     * its lower bound, increment it to point to the next finite bound
     * (supposedly its upper bound), so that we don't inadvertently end up
     * scanning the default partition.
     */
    if (minoff < boundinfo->ndatums && partindices[minoff] < 0)
    {
        int         lastkey = nvalues - 1;
 
        if (boundinfo->kind[minoff][lastkey] ==
            PARTITION_RANGE_DATUM_MINVALUE)
        {
            minoff++;
            Assert(boundinfo->indexes[minoff] >= 0);
        }
    }
 
    /*
     * If the previous greatest partition has MAXVALUE (positive infinity) as
     * its upper bound (something only possible to do with multi-column range
     * partitioning), we scan switch to it as the greatest partition to
     * return.  Again, so that we don't inadvertently end up scanning the
     * default partition.
     */
    if (maxoff >= 1 && partindices[maxoff] < 0)
    {
        int         lastkey = nvalues - 1;
 
        if (boundinfo->kind[maxoff - 1][lastkey] ==
            PARTITION_RANGE_DATUM_MAXVALUE)
        {
            maxoff--;
            Assert(boundinfo->indexes[maxoff] >= 0);
        }
    }
 
    Assert(minoff >= 0 && maxoff >= 0);
    if (minoff <= maxoff)
        result->bound_offsets = bms_add_range(NULL, minoff, maxoff);
 
    return result;
}
 
/*
 * pull_exec_paramids
 *      Returns a Bitmapset containing the paramids of all Params with
 *      paramkind = PARAM_EXEC in 'expr'.
 */
static Bitmapset *
pull_exec_paramids(Expr *expr)
{
    Bitmapset  *result = NULL;
 
    (void) pull_exec_paramids_walker((Node *) expr, &result);
 
    return result;
}
 
static bool
pull_exec_paramids_walker(Node *node, Bitmapset **context)
{
    if (node == NULL)
        return false;
    if (IsA(node, Param))
    {
        Param      *param = (Param *) node;
 
        if (param->paramkind == PARAM_EXEC)
            *context = bms_add_member(*context, param->paramid);
        return false;
    }
    return expression_tree_walker(node, pull_exec_paramids_walker, context);
}
 
/*
 * get_partkey_exec_paramids
 *      Loop through given pruning steps and find out which exec Params
 *      are used.
 *
 * Returns a Bitmapset of Param IDs.
 */
static Bitmapset *
get_partkey_exec_paramids(List *steps)
{
    Bitmapset  *execparamids = NULL;
    ListCell   *lc;
 
    foreach(lc, steps)
    {
        PartitionPruneStepOp *step = (PartitionPruneStepOp *) lfirst(lc);
        ListCell   *lc2;
 
        if (!IsA(step, PartitionPruneStepOp))
            continue;
 
        foreach(lc2, step->exprs)
        {
            Expr       *expr = lfirst(lc2);
 
            /* We can be quick for plain Consts */
            if (!IsA(expr, Const))
                execparamids = bms_join(execparamids,
                                        pull_exec_paramids(expr));
        }
    }
 
    return execparamids;
}
 
/*
 * perform_pruning_base_step
 *      Determines the indexes of datums that satisfy conditions specified in
 *      'opstep'.
 *
 * Result also contains whether special null-accepting and/or default
 * partition need to be scanned.
 */
static PruneStepResult *
perform_pruning_base_step(PartitionPruneContext *context,
                          PartitionPruneStepOp *opstep)
{
    ListCell   *lc1,
               *lc2;
    int         keyno,
                nvalues;
    Datum       values[PARTITION_MAX_KEYS];
    FmgrInfo   *partsupfunc;
    int         stateidx;
 
    /*
     * There better be the same number of expressions and compare functions.
     */
    Assert(list_length(opstep->exprs) == list_length(opstep->cmpfns));
 
    nvalues = 0;
    lc1 = list_head(opstep->exprs);
    lc2 = list_head(opstep->cmpfns);
 
    /*
     * Generate the partition lookup key that will be used by one of the
     * get_matching_*_bounds functions called below.
     */
    for (keyno = 0; keyno < context->partnatts; keyno++)
    {
        /*
         * For hash partitioning, it is possible that values of some keys are
         * not provided in operator clauses, but instead the planner found
         * that they appeared in a IS NULL clause.
         */
        if (bms_is_member(keyno, opstep->nullkeys))
            continue;
 
        /*
         * For range partitioning, we must only perform pruning with values
         * for either all partition keys or a prefix thereof.
         */
        if (keyno > nvalues && context->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE)
            break;
 
        if (lc1 != NULL)
        {
            Expr       *expr;
            Datum       datum;
            bool        isnull;
            Oid         cmpfn;
 
            expr = lfirst(lc1);
            stateidx = PruneCxtStateIdx(context->partnatts,
                                        opstep->step.step_id, keyno);
            partkey_datum_from_expr(context, expr, stateidx,
                                    &datum, &isnull);
 
            /*
             * Since we only allow strict operators in pruning steps, any
             * null-valued comparison value must cause the comparison to fail,
             * so that no partitions could match.
             */
            if (isnull)
            {
                PruneStepResult *result;
 
                result = palloc_object(PruneStepResult);
                result->bound_offsets = NULL;
                result->scan_default = false;
                result->scan_null = false;
 
                return result;
            }
 
            /* Set up the stepcmpfuncs entry, unless we already did */
            cmpfn = lfirst_oid(lc2);
            Assert(OidIsValid(cmpfn));
            if (cmpfn != context->stepcmpfuncs[stateidx].fn_oid)
            {
                /*
                 * If the needed support function is the same one cached in
                 * the relation's partition key, copy the cached FmgrInfo.
                 * Otherwise (i.e., when we have a cross-type comparison), an
                 * actual lookup is required.
                 */
                if (cmpfn == context->partsupfunc[keyno].fn_oid)
                    fmgr_info_copy(&context->stepcmpfuncs[stateidx],
                                   &context->partsupfunc[keyno],
                                   context->ppccontext);
                else
                    fmgr_info_cxt(cmpfn, &context->stepcmpfuncs[stateidx],
                                  context->ppccontext);
            }
 
            values[keyno] = datum;
            nvalues++;
 
            lc1 = lnext(opstep->exprs, lc1);
            lc2 = lnext(opstep->cmpfns, lc2);
        }
    }
 
    /*
     * Point partsupfunc to the entry for the 0th key of this step; the
     * additional support functions, if any, follow consecutively.
     */
    stateidx = PruneCxtStateIdx(context->partnatts, opstep->step.step_id, 0);
    partsupfunc = &context->stepcmpfuncs[stateidx];
 
    switch (context->strategy)
    {
        case PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH:
            return get_matching_hash_bounds(context,
                                            opstep->opstrategy,
                                            values, nvalues,
                                            partsupfunc,
                                            opstep->nullkeys);
 
        case PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST:
            return get_matching_list_bounds(context,
                                            opstep->opstrategy,
                                            values[0], nvalues,
                                            &partsupfunc[0],
                                            opstep->nullkeys);
 
        case PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE:
            return get_matching_range_bounds(context,
                                             opstep->opstrategy,
                                             values, nvalues,
                                             partsupfunc,
                                             opstep->nullkeys);
 
        default:
            elog(ERROR, "unexpected partition strategy: %d",
                 (int) context->strategy);
            break;
    }
 
    return NULL;
}
 
/*
 * perform_pruning_combine_step
 *      Determines the indexes of datums obtained by combining those given
 *      by the steps identified by cstep->source_stepids using the specified
 *      combination method
 *
 * Since cstep may refer to the result of earlier steps, we also receive
 * step_results here.
 */
static PruneStepResult *
perform_pruning_combine_step(PartitionPruneContext *context,
                             PartitionPruneStepCombine *cstep,
                             PruneStepResult **step_results)
{
    PruneStepResult *result = palloc0_object(PruneStepResult);
    bool        firststep;
    ListCell   *lc1;
 
    /*
     * A combine step without any source steps is an indication to not perform
     * any partition pruning.  Return all datum indexes in that case.
     */
    if (cstep->source_stepids == NIL)
    {
        PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo = context->boundinfo;
 
        result->bound_offsets =
            bms_add_range(NULL, 0, boundinfo->nindexes - 1);
        result->scan_default = partition_bound_has_default(boundinfo);
        result->scan_null = partition_bound_accepts_nulls(boundinfo);
        return result;
    }
 
    switch (cstep->combineOp)
    {
        case PARTPRUNE_COMBINE_UNION:
            foreach(lc1, cstep->source_stepids)
            {
                int         step_id = lfirst_int(lc1);
                PruneStepResult *step_result;
 
                /*
                 * step_results[step_id] must contain a valid result, which is
                 * confirmed by the fact that cstep's step_id is greater than
                 * step_id and the fact that results of the individual steps
                 * are evaluated in sequence of their step_ids.
                 */
                if (step_id >= cstep->step.step_id)
                    elog(ERROR, "invalid pruning combine step argument");
                step_result = step_results[step_id];
                Assert(step_result != NULL);
 
                /* Record any additional datum indexes from this step */
                result->bound_offsets = bms_add_members(result->bound_offsets,
                                                        step_result->bound_offsets);
 
                /* Update whether to scan null and default partitions. */
                if (!result->scan_null)
                    result->scan_null = step_result->scan_null;
                if (!result->scan_default)
                    result->scan_default = step_result->scan_default;
            }
            break;
 
        case PARTPRUNE_COMBINE_INTERSECT:
            firststep = true;
            foreach(lc1, cstep->source_stepids)
            {
                int         step_id = lfirst_int(lc1);
                PruneStepResult *step_result;
 
                if (step_id >= cstep->step.step_id)
                    elog(ERROR, "invalid pruning combine step argument");
                step_result = step_results[step_id];
                Assert(step_result != NULL);
 
                if (firststep)
                {
                    /* Copy step's result the first time. */
                    result->bound_offsets =
                        bms_copy(step_result->bound_offsets);
                    result->scan_null = step_result->scan_null;
                    result->scan_default = step_result->scan_default;
                    firststep = false;
                }
                else
                {
                    /* Record datum indexes common to both steps */
                    result->bound_offsets =
                        bms_int_members(result->bound_offsets,
                                        step_result->bound_offsets);
 
                    /* Update whether to scan null and default partitions. */
                    if (result->scan_null)
                        result->scan_null = step_result->scan_null;
                    if (result->scan_default)
                        result->scan_default = step_result->scan_default;
                }
            }
            break;
    }
 
    return result;
}
 
/*
 * match_boolean_partition_clause
 *
 * If we're able to match the clause to the partition key as specially-shaped
 * boolean clause, set *outconst to a Const containing a true, false or NULL
 * value, set *notclause according to if the clause was in the "not" form,
 * i.e. "IS NOT TRUE", "IS NOT FALSE" or "IS NOT UNKNOWN" and return
 * PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_CLAUSE for "IS [NOT] (TRUE|FALSE)" clauses and
 * PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_NULLNESS for "IS [NOT] UNKNOWN" clauses.  Otherwise,
 * return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED if the clause cannot be used for partition
 * pruning, and PARTCLAUSE_NOMATCH for supported clauses that do not match this
 * 'partkey'.
 */
static PartClauseMatchStatus
match_boolean_partition_clause(Oid partopfamily, Expr *clause, Expr *partkey,
                               Expr **outconst, bool *notclause)
{
    Expr       *leftop;
 
    *outconst = NULL;
    *notclause = false;
 
    /*
     * Partitioning currently can only use built-in AMs, so checking for
     * built-in boolean opfamilies is good enough.
     */
    if (!IsBuiltinBooleanOpfamily(partopfamily))
        return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED;
 
    if (IsA(clause, BooleanTest))
    {
        BooleanTest *btest = (BooleanTest *) clause;
 
        leftop = btest->arg;
        if (IsA(leftop, RelabelType))
            leftop = ((RelabelType *) leftop)->arg;
 
        if (equal(leftop, partkey))
        {
            switch (btest->booltesttype)
            {
                case IS_NOT_TRUE:
                    *notclause = true;
                    /* fall through */
                case IS_TRUE:
                    *outconst = (Expr *) makeBoolConst(true, false);
                    return PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_CLAUSE;
                case IS_NOT_FALSE:
                    *notclause = true;
                    /* fall through */
                case IS_FALSE:
                    *outconst = (Expr *) makeBoolConst(false, false);
                    return PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_CLAUSE;
                case IS_NOT_UNKNOWN:
                    *notclause = true;
                    /* fall through */
                case IS_UNKNOWN:
                    return PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_NULLNESS;
                default:
                    return PARTCLAUSE_UNSUPPORTED;
            }
        }
        /* does not match partition key */
        return PARTCLAUSE_NOMATCH;
    }
    else
    {
        bool        is_not_clause = is_notclause(clause);
 
        leftop = is_not_clause ? get_notclausearg(clause) : clause;
 
        if (IsA(leftop, RelabelType))
            leftop = ((RelabelType *) leftop)->arg;
 
        /* Compare to the partition key, and make up a clause ... */
        if (equal(leftop, partkey))
            *outconst = (Expr *) makeBoolConst(!is_not_clause, false);
        else if (equal(negate_clause((Node *) leftop), partkey))
            *outconst = (Expr *) makeBoolConst(is_not_clause, false);
        else
            return PARTCLAUSE_NOMATCH;
 
        return PARTCLAUSE_MATCH_CLAUSE;
    }
}
 
/*
 * partkey_datum_from_expr
 *      Evaluate expression for potential partition pruning
 *
 * Evaluate 'expr'; set *value and *isnull to the resulting Datum and nullflag.
 *
 * If expr isn't a Const, its ExprState is in stateidx of the context
 * exprstate array.
 *
 * Note that the evaluated result may be in the per-tuple memory context of
 * context->exprcontext, and we may have leaked other memory there too.
 * This memory must be recovered by resetting that ExprContext after
 * we're done with the pruning operation (see execPartition.c).
 */
static void
partkey_datum_from_expr(PartitionPruneContext *context,
                        Expr *expr, int stateidx,
                        Datum *value, bool *isnull)
{
    if (IsA(expr, Const))
    {
        /* We can always determine the value of a constant */
        Const      *con = (Const *) expr;
 
        *value = con->constvalue;
        *isnull = con->constisnull;
    }
    else
    {
        ExprState  *exprstate;
        ExprContext *ectx;
 
        /*
         * We should never see a non-Const in a step unless the caller has
         * passed a valid ExprContext.
         */
        Assert(context->exprcontext != NULL);
 
        exprstate = context->exprstates[stateidx];
        ectx = context->exprcontext;
        *value = ExecEvalExprSwitchContext(exprstate, ectx, isnull);
    }
}