allpaths.c File Reference

#include "postgres.h"
#include <limits.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "access/sysattr.h"
#include "access/tsmapi.h"
#include "catalog/pg_class.h"
#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_proc.h"
#include "foreign/fdwapi.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
#include "optimizer/clauses.h"
#include "optimizer/cost.h"
#include "optimizer/geqo.h"
#include "optimizer/pathnode.h"
#include "optimizer/paths.h"
#include "optimizer/plancat.h"
#include "optimizer/planner.h"
#include "optimizer/prep.h"
#include "optimizer/restrictinfo.h"
#include "optimizer/tlist.h"
#include "optimizer/var.h"
#include "parser/parse_clause.h"
#include "parser/parsetree.h"
#include "partitioning/partprune.h"
#include "rewrite/rewriteManip.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"

Include dependency graph for allpaths.c:

Go to the source code of this file.

Data Structures
struct	pushdown_safety_info

Typedefs
typedef struct pushdown_safety_info	pushdown_safety_info

Functions
static void	set_base_rel_consider_startup (PlannerInfo *root)
static void	set_base_rel_sizes (PlannerInfo *root)
static void	set_base_rel_pathlists (PlannerInfo *root)
static void	set_rel_size (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, Index rti, RangeTblEntry *rte)
static void	set_rel_pathlist (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, Index rti, RangeTblEntry *rte)
static void	set_plain_rel_size (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, RangeTblEntry *rte)
static void	create_plain_partial_paths (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel)
static void	set_rel_consider_parallel (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, RangeTblEntry *rte)
static void	set_plain_rel_pathlist (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, RangeTblEntry *rte)
static void	set_tablesample_rel_size (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, RangeTblEntry *rte)
static void	set_tablesample_rel_pathlist (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, RangeTblEntry *rte)
static void	set_foreign_size (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, RangeTblEntry *rte)
static void	set_foreign_pathlist (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, RangeTblEntry *rte)
static void	set_append_rel_size (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, Index rti, RangeTblEntry *rte)
static void	set_append_rel_pathlist (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, Index rti, RangeTblEntry *rte)
static void	generate_mergeappend_paths (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, List *live_childrels, List *all_child_pathkeys, List *partitioned_rels)
static Path *	get_cheapest_parameterized_child_path (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, Relids required_outer)
static void	accumulate_append_subpath (Path *path, List **subpaths, List **special_subpaths)
static void	set_subquery_pathlist (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, Index rti, RangeTblEntry *rte)
static void	set_function_pathlist (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, RangeTblEntry *rte)
static void	set_values_pathlist (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, RangeTblEntry *rte)
static void	set_tablefunc_pathlist (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, RangeTblEntry *rte)
static void	set_cte_pathlist (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, RangeTblEntry *rte)
static void	set_namedtuplestore_pathlist (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, RangeTblEntry *rte)
static void	set_worktable_pathlist (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, RangeTblEntry *rte)
static RelOptInfo *	make_rel_from_joinlist (PlannerInfo *root, List *joinlist)
static bool	subquery_is_pushdown_safe (Query *subquery, Query *topquery, pushdown_safety_info *safetyInfo)
static bool	recurse_pushdown_safe (Node *setOp, Query *topquery, pushdown_safety_info *safetyInfo)
static void	check_output_expressions (Query *subquery, pushdown_safety_info *safetyInfo)
static void	compare_tlist_datatypes (List *tlist, List *colTypes, pushdown_safety_info *safetyInfo)
static bool	targetIsInAllPartitionLists (TargetEntry *tle, Query *query)
static bool	qual_is_pushdown_safe (Query *subquery, Index rti, Node *qual, pushdown_safety_info *safetyInfo)
static void	subquery_push_qual (Query *subquery, RangeTblEntry *rte, Index rti, Node *qual)
static void	recurse_push_qual (Node *setOp, Query *topquery, RangeTblEntry *rte, Index rti, Node *qual)
static void	remove_unused_subquery_outputs (Query *subquery, RelOptInfo *rel)
RelOptInfo *	make_one_rel (PlannerInfo *root, List *joinlist)
void	add_paths_to_append_rel (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, List *live_childrels)
void	set_dummy_rel_pathlist (RelOptInfo *rel)
static bool	has_multiple_baserels (PlannerInfo *root)
void	generate_gather_paths (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, bool override_rows)
RelOptInfo *	standard_join_search (PlannerInfo *root, int levels_needed, List *initial_rels)
void	create_partial_bitmap_paths (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, Path *bitmapqual)
int	compute_parallel_worker (RelOptInfo *rel, double heap_pages, double index_pages, int max_workers)
void	generate_partitionwise_join_paths (PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel)

Variables
bool	enable_geqo = false
int	geqo_threshold
int	min_parallel_table_scan_size
int	min_parallel_index_scan_size
set_rel_pathlist_hook_type	set_rel_pathlist_hook = NULL
join_search_hook_type	join_search_hook = NULL

Typedef Documentation

pushdown_safety_info

typedef struct pushdown_safety_info pushdown_safety_info

Function Documentation

accumulate_append_subpath()

static void accumulate_append_subpath ( Path *  path, List **  subpaths, List **  special_subpaths  )

static

Definition at line 1972 of file allpaths.c.

References AppendPath::first_partial_path, IsA, lappend(), list_concat(), list_copy(), list_copy_tail(), list_truncate(), Path::parallel_aware, AppendPath::path, AppendPath::subpaths, and MergeAppendPath::subpaths.

Referenced by add_paths_to_append_rel(), and generate_mergeappend_paths().

{
    if (IsA(path, AppendPath))
    {
        AppendPath *apath = (AppendPath *) path;

        if (!apath->path.parallel_aware || apath->first_partial_path == 0)
        {
            /* list_copy is important here to avoid sharing list substructure */
            *subpaths = list_concat(*subpaths, list_copy(apath->subpaths));
            return;
        }
        else if (special_subpaths != NULL)
        {
            List       *new_special_subpaths;

            /* Split Parallel Append into partial and non-partial subpaths */
            *subpaths = list_concat(*subpaths,
                                    list_copy_tail(apath->subpaths,
                                                   apath->first_partial_path));
            new_special_subpaths =
                list_truncate(list_copy(apath->subpaths),
                              apath->first_partial_path);
            *special_subpaths = list_concat(*special_subpaths,
                                            new_special_subpaths);
            return;
        }
    }
    else if (IsA(path, MergeAppendPath))
    {
        MergeAppendPath *mpath = (MergeAppendPath *) path;

        /* list_copy is important here to avoid sharing list substructure */
        *subpaths = list_concat(*subpaths, list_copy(mpath->subpaths));
        return;
    }

    *subpaths = lappend(*subpaths, path);
}

add_paths_to_append_rel()

void add_paths_to_append_rel	(	PlannerInfo *	root,
		RelOptInfo *	rel,
		List *	live_childrels
	)

Definition at line 1377 of file allpaths.c.

References accumulate_append_subpath(), add_partial_path(), add_path(), Assert, bms_equal(), bms_next_member(), RelOptInfo::cheapest_total_path, compare_pathkeys(), RelOptInfo::consider_parallel, create_append_path(), enable_parallel_append, fls(), generate_mergeappend_paths(), get_cheapest_parallel_safe_total_inner(), get_cheapest_parameterized_child_path(), IS_JOIN_REL, IS_SIMPLE_REL, lappend(), lfirst, linitial, list_concat(), list_copy(), list_length(), Max, max_parallel_workers_per_gather, Min, NIL, Path::parallel_workers, Path::param_info, RelOptInfo::part_scheme, RelOptInfo::partial_pathlist, RelOptInfo::partitioned_child_rels, AppendPath::path, PATH_REQ_OUTER, Path::pathkeys, PATHKEYS_EQUAL, RelOptInfo::pathlist, RelOptInfo::relids, Path::rows, RTE_SUBQUERY, RelOptInfo::rtekind, PlannerInfo::simple_rel_array, subpath(), and Path::total_cost.

Referenced by apply_scanjoin_target_to_paths(), create_partitionwise_grouping_paths(), generate_partitionwise_join_paths(), and set_append_rel_pathlist().

{
    List       *subpaths = NIL;
    bool        subpaths_valid = true;
    List       *partial_subpaths = NIL;
    List       *pa_partial_subpaths = NIL;
    List       *pa_nonpartial_subpaths = NIL;
    bool        partial_subpaths_valid = true;
    bool        pa_subpaths_valid;
    List       *all_child_pathkeys = NIL;
    List       *all_child_outers = NIL;
    ListCell   *l;
    List       *partitioned_rels = NIL;
    bool        build_partitioned_rels = false;
    double      partial_rows = -1;

    /* If appropriate, consider parallel append */
    pa_subpaths_valid = enable_parallel_append && rel->consider_parallel;

    /*
     * AppendPath generated for partitioned tables must record the RT indexes
     * of partitioned tables that are direct or indirect children of this
     * Append rel.
     *
     * AppendPath may be for a sub-query RTE (UNION ALL), in which case, 'rel'
     * itself does not represent a partitioned relation, but the child sub-
     * queries may contain references to partitioned relations.  The loop
     * below will look for such children and collect them in a list to be
     * passed to the path creation function.  (This assumes that we don't need
     * to look through multiple levels of subquery RTEs; if we ever do, we
     * could consider stuffing the list we generate here into sub-query RTE's
     * RelOptInfo, just like we do for partitioned rels, which would be used
     * when populating our parent rel with paths.  For the present, that
     * appears to be unnecessary.)
     */
    if (rel->part_scheme != NULL)
    {
        if (IS_SIMPLE_REL(rel))
            partitioned_rels = rel->partitioned_child_rels;
        else if (IS_JOIN_REL(rel))
        {
            int         relid = -1;

            /*
             * For a partitioned joinrel, concatenate the component rels'
             * partitioned_child_rels lists.
             */
            while ((relid = bms_next_member(rel->relids, relid)) >= 0)
            {
                RelOptInfo *component;

                Assert(relid >= 1 && relid < root->simple_rel_array_size);
                component = root->simple_rel_array[relid];
                Assert(component->part_scheme != NULL);
                Assert(list_length(component->partitioned_child_rels) >= 1);
                partitioned_rels =
                    list_concat(partitioned_rels,
                                list_copy(component->partitioned_child_rels));
            }
        }

        Assert(list_length(partitioned_rels) >= 1);
    }
    else if (rel->rtekind == RTE_SUBQUERY)
        build_partitioned_rels = true;

    /*
     * For every non-dummy child, remember the cheapest path.  Also, identify
     * all pathkeys (orderings) and parameterizations (required_outer sets)
     * available for the non-dummy member relations.
     */
    foreach(l, live_childrels)
    {
        RelOptInfo *childrel = lfirst(l);
        ListCell   *lcp;
        Path       *cheapest_partial_path = NULL;

        /*
         * If we need to build partitioned_rels, accumulate the partitioned
         * rels for this child.  We must ensure that parents are always listed
         * before their child partitioned tables.
         */
        if (build_partitioned_rels)
        {
            List       *cprels = childrel->partitioned_child_rels;

            partitioned_rels = list_concat(partitioned_rels,
                                           list_copy(cprels));
        }

        /*
         * If child has an unparameterized cheapest-total path, add that to
         * the unparameterized Append path we are constructing for the parent.
         * If not, there's no workable unparameterized path.
         *
         * With partitionwise aggregates, the child rel's pathlist may be
         * empty, so don't assume that a path exists here.
         */
        if (childrel->pathlist != NIL &&
            childrel->cheapest_total_path->param_info == NULL)
            accumulate_append_subpath(childrel->cheapest_total_path,
                                      &subpaths, NULL);
        else
            subpaths_valid = false;

        /* Same idea, but for a partial plan. */
        if (childrel->partial_pathlist != NIL)
        {
            cheapest_partial_path = linitial(childrel->partial_pathlist);
            accumulate_append_subpath(cheapest_partial_path,
                                      &partial_subpaths, NULL);
        }
        else
            partial_subpaths_valid = false;

        /*
         * Same idea, but for a parallel append mixing partial and non-partial
         * paths.
         */
        if (pa_subpaths_valid)
        {
            Path       *nppath = NULL;

            nppath =
                get_cheapest_parallel_safe_total_inner(childrel->pathlist);

            if (cheapest_partial_path == NULL && nppath == NULL)
            {
                /* Neither a partial nor a parallel-safe path?  Forget it. */
                pa_subpaths_valid = false;
            }
            else if (nppath == NULL ||
                     (cheapest_partial_path != NULL &&
                      cheapest_partial_path->total_cost < nppath->total_cost))
            {
                /* Partial path is cheaper or the only option. */
                Assert(cheapest_partial_path != NULL);
                accumulate_append_subpath(cheapest_partial_path,
                                          &pa_partial_subpaths,
                                          &pa_nonpartial_subpaths);

            }
            else
            {
                /*
                 * Either we've got only a non-partial path, or we think that
                 * a single backend can execute the best non-partial path
                 * faster than all the parallel backends working together can
                 * execute the best partial path.
                 *
                 * It might make sense to be more aggressive here.  Even if
                 * the best non-partial path is more expensive than the best
                 * partial path, it could still be better to choose the
                 * non-partial path if there are several such paths that can
                 * be given to different workers.  For now, we don't try to
                 * figure that out.
                 */
                accumulate_append_subpath(nppath,
                                          &pa_nonpartial_subpaths,
                                          NULL);
            }
        }

        /*
         * Collect lists of all the available path orderings and
         * parameterizations for all the children.  We use these as a
         * heuristic to indicate which sort orderings and parameterizations we
         * should build Append and MergeAppend paths for.
         */
        foreach(lcp, childrel->pathlist)
        {
            Path       *childpath = (Path *) lfirst(lcp);
            List       *childkeys = childpath->pathkeys;
            Relids      childouter = PATH_REQ_OUTER(childpath);

            /* Unsorted paths don't contribute to pathkey list */
            if (childkeys != NIL)
            {
                ListCell   *lpk;
                bool        found = false;

                /* Have we already seen this ordering? */
                foreach(lpk, all_child_pathkeys)
                {
                    List       *existing_pathkeys = (List *) lfirst(lpk);

                    if (compare_pathkeys(existing_pathkeys,
                                         childkeys) == PATHKEYS_EQUAL)
                    {
                        found = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (!found)
                {
                    /* No, so add it to all_child_pathkeys */
                    all_child_pathkeys = lappend(all_child_pathkeys,
                                                 childkeys);
                }
            }

            /* Unparameterized paths don't contribute to param-set list */
            if (childouter)
            {
                ListCell   *lco;
                bool        found = false;

                /* Have we already seen this param set? */
                foreach(lco, all_child_outers)
                {
                    Relids      existing_outers = (Relids) lfirst(lco);

                    if (bms_equal(existing_outers, childouter))
                    {
                        found = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (!found)
                {
                    /* No, so add it to all_child_outers */
                    all_child_outers = lappend(all_child_outers,
                                               childouter);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /*
     * If we found unparameterized paths for all children, build an unordered,
     * unparameterized Append path for the rel.  (Note: this is correct even
     * if we have zero or one live subpath due to constraint exclusion.)
     */
    if (subpaths_valid)
        add_path(rel, (Path *) create_append_path(root, rel, subpaths, NIL,
                                                  NULL, 0, false,
                                                  partitioned_rels, -1));

    /*
     * Consider an append of unordered, unparameterized partial paths.  Make
     * it parallel-aware if possible.
     */
    if (partial_subpaths_valid)
    {
        AppendPath *appendpath;
        ListCell   *lc;
        int         parallel_workers = 0;

        /* Find the highest number of workers requested for any subpath. */
        foreach(lc, partial_subpaths)
        {
            Path       *path = lfirst(lc);

            parallel_workers = Max(parallel_workers, path->parallel_workers);
        }
        Assert(parallel_workers > 0);

        /*
         * If the use of parallel append is permitted, always request at least
         * log2(# of children) workers.  We assume it can be useful to have
         * extra workers in this case because they will be spread out across
         * the children.  The precise formula is just a guess, but we don't
         * want to end up with a radically different answer for a table with N
         * partitions vs. an unpartitioned table with the same data, so the
         * use of some kind of log-scaling here seems to make some sense.
         */
        if (enable_parallel_append)
        {
            parallel_workers = Max(parallel_workers,
                                   fls(list_length(live_childrels)));
            parallel_workers = Min(parallel_workers,
                                   max_parallel_workers_per_gather);
        }
        Assert(parallel_workers > 0);

        /* Generate a partial append path. */
        appendpath = create_append_path(root, rel, NIL, partial_subpaths,
                                        NULL, parallel_workers,
                                        enable_parallel_append,
                                        partitioned_rels, -1);

        /*
         * Make sure any subsequent partial paths use the same row count
         * estimate.
         */
        partial_rows = appendpath->path.rows;

        /* Add the path. */
        add_partial_path(rel, (Path *) appendpath);
    }

    /*
     * Consider a parallel-aware append using a mix of partial and non-partial
     * paths.  (This only makes sense if there's at least one child which has
     * a non-partial path that is substantially cheaper than any partial path;
     * otherwise, we should use the append path added in the previous step.)
     */
    if (pa_subpaths_valid && pa_nonpartial_subpaths != NIL)
    {
        AppendPath *appendpath;
        ListCell   *lc;
        int         parallel_workers = 0;

        /*
         * Find the highest number of workers requested for any partial
         * subpath.
         */
        foreach(lc, pa_partial_subpaths)
        {
            Path       *path = lfirst(lc);

            parallel_workers = Max(parallel_workers, path->parallel_workers);
        }

        /*
         * Same formula here as above.  It's even more important in this
         * instance because the non-partial paths won't contribute anything to
         * the planned number of parallel workers.
         */
        parallel_workers = Max(parallel_workers,
                               fls(list_length(live_childrels)));
        parallel_workers = Min(parallel_workers,
                               max_parallel_workers_per_gather);
        Assert(parallel_workers > 0);

        appendpath = create_append_path(root, rel, pa_nonpartial_subpaths,
                                        pa_partial_subpaths,
                                        NULL, parallel_workers, true,
                                        partitioned_rels, partial_rows);
        add_partial_path(rel, (Path *) appendpath);
    }

    /*
     * Also build unparameterized MergeAppend paths based on the collected
     * list of child pathkeys.
     */
    if (subpaths_valid)
        generate_mergeappend_paths(root, rel, live_childrels,
                                   all_child_pathkeys,
                                   partitioned_rels);

    /*
     * Build Append paths for each parameterization seen among the child rels.
     * (This may look pretty expensive, but in most cases of practical
     * interest, the child rels will expose mostly the same parameterizations,
     * so that not that many cases actually get considered here.)
     *
     * The Append node itself cannot enforce quals, so all qual checking must
     * be done in the child paths.  This means that to have a parameterized
     * Append path, we must have the exact same parameterization for each
     * child path; otherwise some children might be failing to check the
     * moved-down quals.  To make them match up, we can try to increase the
     * parameterization of lesser-parameterized paths.
     */
    foreach(l, all_child_outers)
    {
        Relids      required_outer = (Relids) lfirst(l);
        ListCell   *lcr;

        /* Select the child paths for an Append with this parameterization */
        subpaths = NIL;
        subpaths_valid = true;
        foreach(lcr, live_childrels)
        {
            RelOptInfo *childrel = (RelOptInfo *) lfirst(lcr);
            Path       *subpath;

            if (childrel->pathlist == NIL)
            {
                /* failed to make a suitable path for this child */
                subpaths_valid = false;
                break;
            }

            subpath = get_cheapest_parameterized_child_path(root,
                                                            childrel,
                                                            required_outer);
            if (subpath == NULL)
            {
                /* failed to make a suitable path for this child */
                subpaths_valid = false;
                break;
            }
            accumulate_append_subpath(subpath, &subpaths, NULL);
        }

        if (subpaths_valid)
            add_path(rel, (Path *)
                     create_append_path(root, rel, subpaths, NIL,
                                        required_outer, 0, false,
                                        partitioned_rels, -1));
    }
}

check_output_expressions()

static void check_output_expressions ( Query *  subquery, pushdown_safety_info *  safetyInfo  )

static

Definition at line 2988 of file allpaths.c.

References contain_volatile_functions(), Query::distinctClause, TargetEntry::expr, expression_returns_set(), Query::hasDistinctOn, Query::hasTargetSRFs, Query::hasWindowFuncs, InvalidOid, lfirst, TargetEntry::resjunk, TargetEntry::resno, targetIsInAllPartitionLists(), targetIsInSortList(), Query::targetList, and pushdown_safety_info::unsafeColumns.

Referenced by subquery_is_pushdown_safe().

{
    ListCell   *lc;

    foreach(lc, subquery->targetList)
    {
        TargetEntry *tle = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(lc);

        if (tle->resjunk)
            continue;           /* ignore resjunk columns */

        /* We need not check further if output col is already known unsafe */
        if (safetyInfo->unsafeColumns[tle->resno])
            continue;

        /* Functions returning sets are unsafe (point 1) */
        if (subquery->hasTargetSRFs &&
            expression_returns_set((Node *) tle->expr))
        {
            safetyInfo->unsafeColumns[tle->resno] = true;
            continue;
        }

        /* Volatile functions are unsafe (point 2) */
        if (contain_volatile_functions((Node *) tle->expr))
        {
            safetyInfo->unsafeColumns[tle->resno] = true;
            continue;
        }

        /* If subquery uses DISTINCT ON, check point 3 */
        if (subquery->hasDistinctOn &&
            !targetIsInSortList(tle, InvalidOid, subquery->distinctClause))
        {
            /* non-DISTINCT column, so mark it unsafe */
            safetyInfo->unsafeColumns[tle->resno] = true;
            continue;
        }

        /* If subquery uses window functions, check point 4 */
        if (subquery->hasWindowFuncs &&
            !targetIsInAllPartitionLists(tle, subquery))
        {
            /* not present in all PARTITION BY clauses, so mark it unsafe */
            safetyInfo->unsafeColumns[tle->resno] = true;
            continue;
        }
    }
}

compare_tlist_datatypes()

static void compare_tlist_datatypes ( List *  tlist, List *  colTypes, pushdown_safety_info *  safetyInfo  )

static

Definition at line 3056 of file allpaths.c.

References elog, ERROR, TargetEntry::expr, exprType(), lfirst, lfirst_oid, list_head(), lnext, TargetEntry::resjunk, TargetEntry::resno, and pushdown_safety_info::unsafeColumns.

Referenced by subquery_is_pushdown_safe().

{
    ListCell   *l;
    ListCell   *colType = list_head(colTypes);

    foreach(l, tlist)
    {
        TargetEntry *tle = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(l);

        if (tle->resjunk)
            continue;           /* ignore resjunk columns */
        if (colType == NULL)
            elog(ERROR, "wrong number of tlist entries");
        if (exprType((Node *) tle->expr) != lfirst_oid(colType))
            safetyInfo->unsafeColumns[tle->resno] = true;
        colType = lnext(colType);
    }
    if (colType != NULL)
        elog(ERROR, "wrong number of tlist entries");
}

compute_parallel_worker()

int compute_parallel_worker	(	RelOptInfo *	rel,
		double	heap_pages,
		double	index_pages,
		int	max_workers
	)

Definition at line 3443 of file allpaths.c.

References Max, Min, min_parallel_index_scan_size, min_parallel_table_scan_size, RelOptInfo::rel_parallel_workers, RELOPT_BASEREL, and RelOptInfo::reloptkind.

Referenced by cost_index(), create_partial_bitmap_paths(), create_plain_partial_paths(), and plan_create_index_workers().

{
    int         parallel_workers = 0;

    /*
     * If the user has set the parallel_workers reloption, use that; otherwise
     * select a default number of workers.
     */
    if (rel->rel_parallel_workers != -1)
        parallel_workers = rel->rel_parallel_workers;
    else
    {
        /*
         * If the number of pages being scanned is insufficient to justify a
         * parallel scan, just return zero ... unless it's an inheritance
         * child. In that case, we want to generate a parallel path here
         * anyway.  It might not be worthwhile just for this relation, but
         * when combined with all of its inheritance siblings it may well pay
         * off.
         */
        if (rel->reloptkind == RELOPT_BASEREL &&
            ((heap_pages >= 0 && heap_pages < min_parallel_table_scan_size) ||
             (index_pages >= 0 && index_pages < min_parallel_index_scan_size)))
            return 0;

        if (heap_pages >= 0)
        {
            int         heap_parallel_threshold;
            int         heap_parallel_workers = 1;

            /*
             * Select the number of workers based on the log of the size of
             * the relation.  This probably needs to be a good deal more
             * sophisticated, but we need something here for now.  Note that
             * the upper limit of the min_parallel_table_scan_size GUC is
             * chosen to prevent overflow here.
             */
            heap_parallel_threshold = Max(min_parallel_table_scan_size, 1);
            while (heap_pages >= (BlockNumber) (heap_parallel_threshold * 3))
            {
                heap_parallel_workers++;
                heap_parallel_threshold *= 3;
                if (heap_parallel_threshold > INT_MAX / 3)
                    break;      /* avoid overflow */
            }

            parallel_workers = heap_parallel_workers;
        }

        if (index_pages >= 0)
        {
            int         index_parallel_workers = 1;
            int         index_parallel_threshold;

            /* same calculation as for heap_pages above */
            index_parallel_threshold = Max(min_parallel_index_scan_size, 1);
            while (index_pages >= (BlockNumber) (index_parallel_threshold * 3))
            {
                index_parallel_workers++;
                index_parallel_threshold *= 3;
                if (index_parallel_threshold > INT_MAX / 3)
                    break;      /* avoid overflow */
            }

            if (parallel_workers > 0)
                parallel_workers = Min(parallel_workers, index_parallel_workers);
            else
                parallel_workers = index_parallel_workers;
        }
    }

    /* In no case use more than caller supplied maximum number of workers */
    parallel_workers = Min(parallel_workers, max_workers);

    return parallel_workers;
}

create_partial_bitmap_paths()

void create_partial_bitmap_paths	(	PlannerInfo *	root,
		RelOptInfo *	rel,
		Path *	bitmapqual
	)

Definition at line 3407 of file allpaths.c.

References add_partial_path(), compute_bitmap_pages(), compute_parallel_worker(), create_bitmap_heap_path(), RelOptInfo::lateral_relids, and max_parallel_workers_per_gather.

Referenced by create_index_paths().

{
    int         parallel_workers;
    double      pages_fetched;

    /* Compute heap pages for bitmap heap scan */
    pages_fetched = compute_bitmap_pages(root, rel, bitmapqual, 1.0,
                                         NULL, NULL);

    parallel_workers = compute_parallel_worker(rel, pages_fetched, -1,
                                               max_parallel_workers_per_gather);

    if (parallel_workers <= 0)
        return;

    add_partial_path(rel, (Path *) create_bitmap_heap_path(root, rel,
                                                           bitmapqual, rel->lateral_relids, 1.0, parallel_workers));
}

create_plain_partial_paths()

static void create_plain_partial_paths ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel  )

static

Definition at line 725 of file allpaths.c.

References add_partial_path(), compute_parallel_worker(), create_seqscan_path(), max_parallel_workers_per_gather, and RelOptInfo::pages.

Referenced by set_plain_rel_pathlist().

{
    int         parallel_workers;

    parallel_workers = compute_parallel_worker(rel, rel->pages, -1,
                                               max_parallel_workers_per_gather);

    /* If any limit was set to zero, the user doesn't want a parallel scan. */
    if (parallel_workers <= 0)
        return;

    /* Add an unordered partial path based on a parallel sequential scan. */
    add_partial_path(rel, create_seqscan_path(root, rel, NULL, parallel_workers));
}

generate_gather_paths()

void generate_gather_paths	(	PlannerInfo *	root,
		RelOptInfo *	rel,
		bool	override_rows
	)

Definition at line 2550 of file allpaths.c.

References add_path(), create_gather_merge_path(), create_gather_path(), lfirst, linitial, NIL, Path::parallel_workers, RelOptInfo::partial_pathlist, GatherMergePath::path, Path::pathkeys, RelOptInfo::reltarget, Path::rows, and subpath().

Referenced by apply_scanjoin_target_to_paths(), gather_grouping_paths(), merge_clump(), set_rel_pathlist(), and standard_join_search().

{
    Path       *cheapest_partial_path;
    Path       *simple_gather_path;
    ListCell   *lc;
    double      rows;
    double     *rowsp = NULL;

    /* If there are no partial paths, there's nothing to do here. */
    if (rel->partial_pathlist == NIL)
        return;

    /* Should we override the rel's rowcount estimate? */
    if (override_rows)
        rowsp = &rows;

    /*
     * The output of Gather is always unsorted, so there's only one partial
     * path of interest: the cheapest one.  That will be the one at the front
     * of partial_pathlist because of the way add_partial_path works.
     */
    cheapest_partial_path = linitial(rel->partial_pathlist);
    rows =
        cheapest_partial_path->rows * cheapest_partial_path->parallel_workers;
    simple_gather_path = (Path *)
        create_gather_path(root, rel, cheapest_partial_path, rel->reltarget,
                           NULL, rowsp);
    add_path(rel, simple_gather_path);

    /*
     * For each useful ordering, we can consider an order-preserving Gather
     * Merge.
     */
    foreach(lc, rel->partial_pathlist)
    {
        Path       *subpath = (Path *) lfirst(lc);
        GatherMergePath *path;

        if (subpath->pathkeys == NIL)
            continue;

        rows = subpath->rows * subpath->parallel_workers;
        path = create_gather_merge_path(root, rel, subpath, rel->reltarget,
                                        subpath->pathkeys, NULL, rowsp);
        add_path(rel, &path->path);
    }
}

generate_mergeappend_paths()

static void generate_mergeappend_paths ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel, List *  live_childrels, List *  all_child_pathkeys, List *  partitioned_rels  )

static

Definition at line 1796 of file allpaths.c.

References accumulate_append_subpath(), add_path(), Assert, RelOptInfo::cheapest_total_path, create_merge_append_path(), get_cheapest_path_for_pathkeys(), lfirst, NIL, Path::param_info, RelOptInfo::pathlist, STARTUP_COST, and TOTAL_COST.

Referenced by add_paths_to_append_rel().

{
    ListCell   *lcp;

    foreach(lcp, all_child_pathkeys)
    {
        List       *pathkeys = (List *) lfirst(lcp);
        List       *startup_subpaths = NIL;
        List       *total_subpaths = NIL;
        bool        startup_neq_total = false;
        ListCell   *lcr;

        /* Select the child paths for this ordering... */
        foreach(lcr, live_childrels)
        {
            RelOptInfo *childrel = (RelOptInfo *) lfirst(lcr);
            Path       *cheapest_startup,
                       *cheapest_total;

            /* Locate the right paths, if they are available. */
            cheapest_startup =
                get_cheapest_path_for_pathkeys(childrel->pathlist,
                                               pathkeys,
                                               NULL,
                                               STARTUP_COST,
                                               false);
            cheapest_total =
                get_cheapest_path_for_pathkeys(childrel->pathlist,
                                               pathkeys,
                                               NULL,
                                               TOTAL_COST,
                                               false);

            /*
             * If we can't find any paths with the right order just use the
             * cheapest-total path; we'll have to sort it later.
             */
            if (cheapest_startup == NULL || cheapest_total == NULL)
            {
                cheapest_startup = cheapest_total =
                    childrel->cheapest_total_path;
                /* Assert we do have an unparameterized path for this child */
                Assert(cheapest_total->param_info == NULL);
            }

            /*
             * Notice whether we actually have different paths for the
             * "cheapest" and "total" cases; frequently there will be no point
             * in two create_merge_append_path() calls.
             */
            if (cheapest_startup != cheapest_total)
                startup_neq_total = true;

            accumulate_append_subpath(cheapest_startup,
                                      &startup_subpaths, NULL);
            accumulate_append_subpath(cheapest_total,
                                      &total_subpaths, NULL);
        }

        /* ... and build the MergeAppend paths */
        add_path(rel, (Path *) create_merge_append_path(root,
                                                        rel,
                                                        startup_subpaths,
                                                        pathkeys,
                                                        NULL,
                                                        partitioned_rels));
        if (startup_neq_total)
            add_path(rel, (Path *) create_merge_append_path(root,
                                                            rel,
                                                            total_subpaths,
                                                            pathkeys,
                                                            NULL,
                                                            partitioned_rels));
    }
}

generate_partitionwise_join_paths()

void generate_partitionwise_join_paths	(	PlannerInfo *	root,
		RelOptInfo *	rel
	)

Definition at line 3531 of file allpaths.c.

References add_paths_to_append_rel(), Alias::aliasname, Assert, RelOptInfo::baserestrictinfo, bms_next_member(), RelOptInfo::cheapest_parameterized_paths, RelOptInfo::cheapest_startup_path, RelOptInfo::cheapest_total_path, check_stack_depth(), RestrictInfo::clause, RangeTblEntry::eref, generate_partitionwise_join_paths(), i, JoinPath::innerjoinpath, MergePath::innersortkeys, IS_DUMMY_REL, IS_JOIN_REL, IS_PARTITIONED_REL, IsA, RelOptInfo::joininfo, JoinPath::joinrestrictinfo, lappend(), lfirst, list_free(), lnext, mark_dummy_rel(), MergePath::materialize_inner, NIL, nodeTag, RelOptInfo::nparts, JoinPath::outerjoinpath, MergePath::outersortkeys, Path::param_info, Path::parent, PlannerInfo::parse, RelOptInfo::part_rels, Path::pathkeys, RelOptInfo::pathlist, Path::pathtype, ParamPathInfo::ppi_req_outer, print_expr(), print_pathkeys(), RelOptInfo::relids, RelOptInfo::reltarget, RelOptInfo::rows, Path::rows, Query::rtable, set_cheapest(), PlannerInfo::simple_rte_array, Path::startup_cost, subpath(), T_AggPath, T_AppendPath, T_BitmapAndPath, T_BitmapHeapPath, T_BitmapOrPath, T_CteScan, T_ForeignPath, T_FunctionScan, T_GatherPath, T_GroupingSetsPath, T_GroupPath, T_HashPath, T_IndexPath, T_LimitPath, T_LockRowsPath, T_MaterialPath, T_MergeAppendPath, T_MergePath, T_MinMaxAggPath, T_ModifyTablePath, T_NestPath, T_Path, T_ProjectionPath, T_ProjectSetPath, T_RecursiveUnionPath, T_ResultPath, T_SampleScan, T_SeqScan, T_SetOpPath, T_SortPath, T_SubqueryScan, T_SubqueryScanPath, T_TableFuncScan, T_TidPath, T_UniquePath, T_UpperUniquePath, T_ValuesScan, T_WindowAggPath, T_WorkTableScan, Path::total_cost, and PathTarget::width.

Referenced by generate_partitionwise_join_paths(), merge_clump(), and standard_join_search().

{
    List       *live_children = NIL;
    int         cnt_parts;
    int         num_parts;
    RelOptInfo **part_rels;

    /* Handle only join relations here. */
    if (!IS_JOIN_REL(rel))
        return;

    /* We've nothing to do if the relation is not partitioned. */
    if (!IS_PARTITIONED_REL(rel))
        return;

    /* Guard against stack overflow due to overly deep partition hierarchy. */
    check_stack_depth();

    num_parts = rel->nparts;
    part_rels = rel->part_rels;

    /* Collect non-dummy child-joins. */
    for (cnt_parts = 0; cnt_parts < num_parts; cnt_parts++)
    {
        RelOptInfo *child_rel = part_rels[cnt_parts];

        Assert(child_rel != NULL);

        /* Add partitionwise join paths for partitioned child-joins. */
        generate_partitionwise_join_paths(root, child_rel);

        /* Dummy children will not be scanned, so ignore those. */
        if (IS_DUMMY_REL(child_rel))
            continue;

        set_cheapest(child_rel);

#ifdef OPTIMIZER_DEBUG
        debug_print_rel(root, child_rel);
#endif

        live_children = lappend(live_children, child_rel);
    }

    /* If all child-joins are dummy, parent join is also dummy. */
    if (!live_children)
    {
        mark_dummy_rel(rel);
        return;
    }

    /* Build additional paths for this rel from child-join paths. */
    add_paths_to_append_rel(root, rel, live_children);
    list_free(live_children);
}

get_cheapest_parameterized_child_path()

static Path * get_cheapest_parameterized_child_path ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel, Relids  required_outer  )

static

Definition at line 1883 of file allpaths.c.

References Assert, bms_equal(), bms_is_subset(), compare_path_costs(), get_cheapest_path_for_pathkeys(), lfirst, NIL, PATH_REQ_OUTER, RelOptInfo::pathlist, reparameterize_path(), and TOTAL_COST.

Referenced by add_paths_to_append_rel().

{
    Path       *cheapest;
    ListCell   *lc;

    /*
     * Look up the cheapest existing path with no more than the needed
     * parameterization.  If it has exactly the needed parameterization, we're
     * done.
     */
    cheapest = get_cheapest_path_for_pathkeys(rel->pathlist,
                                              NIL,
                                              required_outer,
                                              TOTAL_COST,
                                              false);
    Assert(cheapest != NULL);
    if (bms_equal(PATH_REQ_OUTER(cheapest), required_outer))
        return cheapest;

    /*
     * Otherwise, we can "reparameterize" an existing path to match the given
     * parameterization, which effectively means pushing down additional
     * joinquals to be checked within the path's scan.  However, some existing
     * paths might check the available joinquals already while others don't;
     * therefore, it's not clear which existing path will be cheapest after
     * reparameterization.  We have to go through them all and find out.
     */
    cheapest = NULL;
    foreach(lc, rel->pathlist)
    {
        Path       *path = (Path *) lfirst(lc);

        /* Can't use it if it needs more than requested parameterization */
        if (!bms_is_subset(PATH_REQ_OUTER(path), required_outer))
            continue;

        /*
         * Reparameterization can only increase the path's cost, so if it's
         * already more expensive than the current cheapest, forget it.
         */
        if (cheapest != NULL &&
            compare_path_costs(cheapest, path, TOTAL_COST) <= 0)
            continue;

        /* Reparameterize if needed, then recheck cost */
        if (!bms_equal(PATH_REQ_OUTER(path), required_outer))
        {
            path = reparameterize_path(root, path, required_outer, 1.0);
            if (path == NULL)
                continue;       /* failed to reparameterize this one */
            Assert(bms_equal(PATH_REQ_OUTER(path), required_outer));

            if (cheapest != NULL &&
                compare_path_costs(cheapest, path, TOTAL_COST) <= 0)
                continue;
        }

        /* We have a new best path */
        cheapest = path;
    }

    /* Return the best path, or NULL if we found no suitable candidate */
    return cheapest;
}

has_multiple_baserels()

static bool has_multiple_baserels ( PlannerInfo *  root )

static

Definition at line 2046 of file allpaths.c.

References RELOPT_BASEREL, RelOptInfo::reloptkind, PlannerInfo::simple_rel_array, and PlannerInfo::simple_rel_array_size.

Referenced by set_subquery_pathlist().

{
    int         num_base_rels = 0;
    Index       rti;

    for (rti = 1; rti < root->simple_rel_array_size; rti++)
    {
        RelOptInfo *brel = root->simple_rel_array[rti];

        if (brel == NULL)
            continue;

        /* ignore RTEs that are "other rels" */
        if (brel->reloptkind == RELOPT_BASEREL)
            if (++num_base_rels > 1)
                return true;
    }
    return false;
}

make_one_rel()

RelOptInfo* make_one_rel	(	PlannerInfo *	root,
		List *	joinlist
	)

Definition at line 146 of file allpaths.c.

References PlannerInfo::all_baserels, Assert, bms_add_member(), bms_equal(), make_rel_from_joinlist(), RelOptInfo::relid, RelOptInfo::relids, RELOPT_BASEREL, RelOptInfo::reloptkind, set_base_rel_consider_startup(), set_base_rel_pathlists(), set_base_rel_sizes(), PlannerInfo::simple_rel_array, and PlannerInfo::simple_rel_array_size.

Referenced by query_planner().

{
    RelOptInfo *rel;
    Index       rti;

    /*
     * Construct the all_baserels Relids set.
     */
    root->all_baserels = NULL;
    for (rti = 1; rti < root->simple_rel_array_size; rti++)
    {
        RelOptInfo *brel = root->simple_rel_array[rti];

        /* there may be empty slots corresponding to non-baserel RTEs */
        if (brel == NULL)
            continue;

        Assert(brel->relid == rti); /* sanity check on array */

        /* ignore RTEs that are "other rels" */
        if (brel->reloptkind != RELOPT_BASEREL)
            continue;

        root->all_baserels = bms_add_member(root->all_baserels, brel->relid);
    }

    /* Mark base rels as to whether we care about fast-start plans */
    set_base_rel_consider_startup(root);

    /*
     * Compute size estimates and consider_parallel flags for each base rel,
     * then generate access paths.
     */
    set_base_rel_sizes(root);
    set_base_rel_pathlists(root);

    /*
     * Generate access paths for the entire join tree.
     */
    rel = make_rel_from_joinlist(root, joinlist);

    /*
     * The result should join all and only the query's base rels.
     */
    Assert(bms_equal(rel->relids, root->all_baserels));

    return rel;
}

make_rel_from_joinlist()

static RelOptInfo * make_rel_from_joinlist ( PlannerInfo *  root, List *  joinlist  )

static

Definition at line 2606 of file allpaths.c.

References elog, enable_geqo, ERROR, find_base_rel(), geqo(), geqo_threshold, PlannerInfo::initial_rels, IsA, join_search_hook, lappend(), lfirst, linitial, list_length(), NIL, nodeTag, and standard_join_search().

Referenced by make_one_rel().

{
    int         levels_needed;
    List       *initial_rels;
    ListCell   *jl;

    /*
     * Count the number of child joinlist nodes.  This is the depth of the
     * dynamic-programming algorithm we must employ to consider all ways of
     * joining the child nodes.
     */
    levels_needed = list_length(joinlist);

    if (levels_needed <= 0)
        return NULL;            /* nothing to do? */

    /*
     * Construct a list of rels corresponding to the child joinlist nodes.
     * This may contain both base rels and rels constructed according to
     * sub-joinlists.
     */
    initial_rels = NIL;
    foreach(jl, joinlist)
    {
        Node       *jlnode = (Node *) lfirst(jl);
        RelOptInfo *thisrel;

        if (IsA(jlnode, RangeTblRef))
        {
            int         varno = ((RangeTblRef *) jlnode)->rtindex;

            thisrel = find_base_rel(root, varno);
        }
        else if (IsA(jlnode, List))
        {
            /* Recurse to handle subproblem */
            thisrel = make_rel_from_joinlist(root, (List *) jlnode);
        }
        else
        {
            elog(ERROR, "unrecognized joinlist node type: %d",
                 (int) nodeTag(jlnode));
            thisrel = NULL;     /* keep compiler quiet */
        }

        initial_rels = lappend(initial_rels, thisrel);
    }

    if (levels_needed == 1)
    {
        /*
         * Single joinlist node, so we're done.
         */
        return (RelOptInfo *) linitial(initial_rels);
    }
    else
    {
        /*
         * Consider the different orders in which we could join the rels,
         * using a plugin, GEQO, or the regular join search code.
         *
         * We put the initial_rels list into a PlannerInfo field because
         * has_legal_joinclause() needs to look at it (ugly :-().
         */
        root->initial_rels = initial_rels;

        if (join_search_hook)
            return (*join_search_hook) (root, levels_needed, initial_rels);
        else if (enable_geqo && levels_needed >= geqo_threshold)
            return geqo(root, levels_needed, initial_rels);
        else
            return standard_join_search(root, levels_needed, initial_rels);
    }
}

qual_is_pushdown_safe()

static bool qual_is_pushdown_safe ( Query *  subquery, Index  rti, Node *  qual, pushdown_safety_info *  safetyInfo  )

static

Definition at line 3131 of file allpaths.c.

References Assert, contain_leaked_vars(), contain_subplans(), contain_volatile_functions(), contain_window_function(), IsA, lfirst, list_free(), pull_var_clause(), PVC_INCLUDE_PLACEHOLDERS, pushdown_safety_info::unsafeColumns, pushdown_safety_info::unsafeLeaky, pushdown_safety_info::unsafeVolatile, Var::varattno, and Var::varno.

Referenced by set_subquery_pathlist().

{
    bool        safe = true;
    List       *vars;
    ListCell   *vl;

    /* Refuse subselects (point 1) */
    if (contain_subplans(qual))
        return false;

    /* Refuse volatile quals if we found they'd be unsafe (point 2) */
    if (safetyInfo->unsafeVolatile &&
        contain_volatile_functions(qual))
        return false;

    /* Refuse leaky quals if told to (point 3) */
    if (safetyInfo->unsafeLeaky &&
        contain_leaked_vars(qual))
        return false;

    /*
     * It would be unsafe to push down window function calls, but at least for
     * the moment we could never see any in a qual anyhow.  (The same applies
     * to aggregates, which we check for in pull_var_clause below.)
     */
    Assert(!contain_window_function(qual));

    /*
     * Examine all Vars used in clause; since it's a restriction clause, all
     * such Vars must refer to subselect output columns.
     */
    vars = pull_var_clause(qual, PVC_INCLUDE_PLACEHOLDERS);
    foreach(vl, vars)
    {
        Var        *var = (Var *) lfirst(vl);

        /*
         * XXX Punt if we find any PlaceHolderVars in the restriction clause.
         * It's not clear whether a PHV could safely be pushed down, and even
         * less clear whether such a situation could arise in any cases of
         * practical interest anyway.  So for the moment, just refuse to push
         * down.
         */
        if (!IsA(var, Var))
        {
            safe = false;
            break;
        }

        Assert(var->varno == rti);
        Assert(var->varattno >= 0);

        /* Check point 4 */
        if (var->varattno == 0)
        {
            safe = false;
            break;
        }

        /* Check point 5 */
        if (safetyInfo->unsafeColumns[var->varattno])
        {
            safe = false;
            break;
        }
    }

    list_free(vars);

    return safe;
}

recurse_push_qual()

static void recurse_push_qual ( Node *  setOp, Query *  topquery, RangeTblEntry *  rte, Index  rti, Node *  qual  )

static

Definition at line 3255 of file allpaths.c.

References Assert, elog, ERROR, IsA, SetOperationStmt::larg, nodeTag, SetOperationStmt::rarg, rt_fetch, Query::rtable, RangeTblRef::rtindex, RangeTblEntry::subquery, and subquery_push_qual().

Referenced by subquery_push_qual().

{
    if (IsA(setOp, RangeTblRef))
    {
        RangeTblRef *rtr = (RangeTblRef *) setOp;
        RangeTblEntry *subrte = rt_fetch(rtr->rtindex, topquery->rtable);
        Query      *subquery = subrte->subquery;

        Assert(subquery != NULL);
        subquery_push_qual(subquery, rte, rti, qual);
    }
    else if (IsA(setOp, SetOperationStmt))
    {
        SetOperationStmt *op = (SetOperationStmt *) setOp;

        recurse_push_qual(op->larg, topquery, rte, rti, qual);
        recurse_push_qual(op->rarg, topquery, rte, rti, qual);
    }
    else
    {
        elog(ERROR, "unrecognized node type: %d",
             (int) nodeTag(setOp));
    }
}

recurse_pushdown_safe()

static bool recurse_pushdown_safe ( Node *  setOp, Query *  topquery, pushdown_safety_info *  safetyInfo  )

static

Definition at line 2921 of file allpaths.c.

References Assert, elog, ERROR, IsA, SetOperationStmt::larg, nodeTag, SetOperationStmt::op, SetOperationStmt::rarg, rt_fetch, Query::rtable, RangeTblRef::rtindex, SETOP_EXCEPT, RangeTblEntry::subquery, and subquery_is_pushdown_safe().

Referenced by subquery_is_pushdown_safe().

{
    if (IsA(setOp, RangeTblRef))
    {
        RangeTblRef *rtr = (RangeTblRef *) setOp;
        RangeTblEntry *rte = rt_fetch(rtr->rtindex, topquery->rtable);
        Query      *subquery = rte->subquery;

        Assert(subquery != NULL);
        return subquery_is_pushdown_safe(subquery, topquery, safetyInfo);
    }
    else if (IsA(setOp, SetOperationStmt))
    {
        SetOperationStmt *op = (SetOperationStmt *) setOp;

        /* EXCEPT is no good (point 2 for subquery_is_pushdown_safe) */
        if (op->op == SETOP_EXCEPT)
            return false;
        /* Else recurse */
        if (!recurse_pushdown_safe(op->larg, topquery, safetyInfo))
            return false;
        if (!recurse_pushdown_safe(op->rarg, topquery, safetyInfo))
            return false;
    }
    else
    {
        elog(ERROR, "unrecognized node type: %d",
             (int) nodeTag(setOp));
    }
    return true;
}

remove_unused_subquery_outputs()

static void remove_unused_subquery_outputs ( Query *  subquery, RelOptInfo *  rel  )

static

Definition at line 3302 of file allpaths.c.

References RelOptInfo::baserestrictinfo, bms_is_member(), RestrictInfo::clause, contain_volatile_functions(), Query::distinctClause, TargetEntry::expr, exprCollation(), expression_returns_set(), PathTarget::exprs, exprType(), exprTypmod(), FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber, Query::hasDistinctOn, Query::hasTargetSRFs, lfirst, makeNullConst(), pull_varattnos(), RelOptInfo::relid, RelOptInfo::reltarget, TargetEntry::resjunk, TargetEntry::resno, TargetEntry::ressortgroupref, Query::setOperations, and Query::targetList.

Referenced by set_subquery_pathlist().

{
    Bitmapset  *attrs_used = NULL;
    ListCell   *lc;

    /*
     * Do nothing if subquery has UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT: in principle we
     * could update all the child SELECTs' tlists, but it seems not worth the
     * trouble presently.
     */
    if (subquery->setOperations)
        return;

    /*
     * If subquery has regular DISTINCT (not DISTINCT ON), we're wasting our
     * time: all its output columns must be used in the distinctClause.
     */
    if (subquery->distinctClause && !subquery->hasDistinctOn)
        return;

    /*
     * Collect a bitmap of all the output column numbers used by the upper
     * query.
     *
     * Add all the attributes needed for joins or final output.  Note: we must
     * look at rel's targetlist, not the attr_needed data, because attr_needed
     * isn't computed for inheritance child rels, cf set_append_rel_size().
     * (XXX might be worth changing that sometime.)
     */
    pull_varattnos((Node *) rel->reltarget->exprs, rel->relid, &attrs_used);

    /* Add all the attributes used by un-pushed-down restriction clauses. */
    foreach(lc, rel->baserestrictinfo)
    {
        RestrictInfo *rinfo = (RestrictInfo *) lfirst(lc);

        pull_varattnos((Node *) rinfo->clause, rel->relid, &attrs_used);
    }

    /*
     * If there's a whole-row reference to the subquery, we can't remove
     * anything.
     */
    if (bms_is_member(0 - FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber, attrs_used))
        return;

    /*
     * Run through the tlist and zap entries we don't need.  It's okay to
     * modify the tlist items in-place because set_subquery_pathlist made a
     * copy of the subquery.
     */
    foreach(lc, subquery->targetList)
    {
        TargetEntry *tle = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(lc);
        Node       *texpr = (Node *) tle->expr;

        /*
         * If it has a sortgroupref number, it's used in some sort/group
         * clause so we'd better not remove it.  Also, don't remove any
         * resjunk columns, since their reason for being has nothing to do
         * with anybody reading the subquery's output.  (It's likely that
         * resjunk columns in a sub-SELECT would always have ressortgroupref
         * set, but even if they don't, it seems imprudent to remove them.)
         */
        if (tle->ressortgroupref || tle->resjunk)
            continue;

        /*
         * If it's used by the upper query, we can't remove it.
         */
        if (bms_is_member(tle->resno - FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber,
                          attrs_used))
            continue;

        /*
         * If it contains a set-returning function, we can't remove it since
         * that could change the number of rows returned by the subquery.
         */
        if (subquery->hasTargetSRFs &&
            expression_returns_set(texpr))
            continue;

        /*
         * If it contains volatile functions, we daren't remove it for fear
         * that the user is expecting their side-effects to happen.
         */
        if (contain_volatile_functions(texpr))
            continue;

        /*
         * OK, we don't need it.  Replace the expression with a NULL constant.
         * Preserve the exposed type of the expression, in case something
         * looks at the rowtype of the subquery's result.
         */
        tle->expr = (Expr *) makeNullConst(exprType(texpr),
                                           exprTypmod(texpr),
                                           exprCollation(texpr));
    }
}

set_append_rel_pathlist()

static void set_append_rel_pathlist ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel, Index  rti, RangeTblEntry *  rte  )

static

Definition at line 1301 of file allpaths.c.

References add_paths_to_append_rel(), PlannerInfo::append_rel_list, AppendRelInfo::child_relid, RelOptInfo::consider_parallel, IS_DUMMY_REL, lappend(), lfirst, list_concat(), list_copy(), NIL, AppendRelInfo::parent_relid, RelOptInfo::part_scheme, RelOptInfo::partitioned_child_rels, set_rel_pathlist(), PlannerInfo::simple_rel_array, and PlannerInfo::simple_rte_array.

Referenced by set_rel_pathlist().

{
    int         parentRTindex = rti;
    List       *live_childrels = NIL;
    ListCell   *l;

    /*
     * Generate access paths for each member relation, and remember the
     * non-dummy children.
     */
    foreach(l, root->append_rel_list)
    {
        AppendRelInfo *appinfo = (AppendRelInfo *) lfirst(l);
        int         childRTindex;
        RangeTblEntry *childRTE;
        RelOptInfo *childrel;

        /* append_rel_list contains all append rels; ignore others */
        if (appinfo->parent_relid != parentRTindex)
            continue;

        /* Re-locate the child RTE and RelOptInfo */
        childRTindex = appinfo->child_relid;
        childRTE = root->simple_rte_array[childRTindex];
        childrel = root->simple_rel_array[childRTindex];

        /*
         * If set_append_rel_size() decided the parent appendrel was
         * parallel-unsafe at some point after visiting this child rel, we
         * need to propagate the unsafety marking down to the child, so that
         * we don't generate useless partial paths for it.
         */
        if (!rel->consider_parallel)
            childrel->consider_parallel = false;

        /*
         * Compute the child's access paths.
         */
        set_rel_pathlist(root, childrel, childRTindex, childRTE);

        /*
         * If child is dummy, ignore it.
         */
        if (IS_DUMMY_REL(childrel))
            continue;

        /* Bubble up childrel's partitioned children. */
        if (rel->part_scheme)
            rel->partitioned_child_rels =
                list_concat(rel->partitioned_child_rels,
                            list_copy(childrel->partitioned_child_rels));

        /*
         * Child is live, so add it to the live_childrels list for use below.
         */
        live_childrels = lappend(live_childrels, childrel);
    }

    /* Add paths to the append relation. */
    add_paths_to_append_rel(root, rel, live_childrels);
}

set_append_rel_size()

static void set_append_rel_size ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel, Index  rti, RangeTblEntry *  rte  )

static

Definition at line 868 of file allpaths.c.

References add_child_rel_equivalences(), adjust_appendrel_attrs(), PlannerInfo::append_rel_list, Assert, RelOptInfo::attr_needed, RelOptInfo::attr_widths, RelOptInfo::baserestrict_min_security, RelOptInfo::baserestrictinfo, bms_is_member(), check_stack_depth(), AppendRelInfo::child_relid, RestrictInfo::clause, RelOptInfo::consider_parallel, contain_vars_of_level(), contain_volatile_functions(), DatumGetBool, enable_partition_pruning, eval_const_expressions(), PathTarget::exprs, exprType(), exprTypmod(), find_base_rel(), forboth, get_typavgwidth(), PlannerInfo::glob, RelOptInfo::has_eclass_joins, has_useful_pathkeys(), PlannerInfo::hasPseudoConstantQuals, i, IS_DUMMY_REL, RestrictInfo::is_pushed_down, IS_SIMPLE_REL, IsA, RelOptInfo::joininfo, lappend(), lfirst, list_make1_int, list_nth_node, make_ands_implicit(), make_restrictinfo(), RelOptInfo::max_attr, Min, RelOptInfo::min_attr, NIL, RestrictInfo::outerjoin_delayed, palloc0(), PlannerGlobal::parallelModeOK, AppendRelInfo::parent_relid, RelOptInfo::part_scheme, RelOptInfo::partitioned_child_rels, pfree(), prune_append_rel_partitions(), relation_excluded_by_constraints(), RelOptInfo::relid, RangeTblEntry::relkind, RELOPT_OTHER_MEMBER_REL, RelOptInfo::reloptkind, RelOptInfo::reltarget, rint(), RelOptInfo::rows, RestrictInfo::security_level, RangeTblEntry::securityQuals, set_dummy_rel_pathlist(), set_rel_consider_parallel(), set_rel_size(), PlannerInfo::simple_rte_array, AppendRelInfo::translated_vars, RelOptInfo::tuples, Var::varattno, and PathTarget::width.

Referenced by set_rel_size().

{
    int         parentRTindex = rti;
    bool        has_live_children;
    double      parent_rows;
    double      parent_size;
    double     *parent_attrsizes;
    int         nattrs;
    ListCell   *l;
    Relids      live_children = NULL;
    bool        did_pruning = false;

    /* Guard against stack overflow due to overly deep inheritance tree. */
    check_stack_depth();

    Assert(IS_SIMPLE_REL(rel));

    /*
     * Initialize partitioned_child_rels to contain this RT index.
     *
     * Note that during the set_append_rel_pathlist() phase, we will bubble up
     * the indexes of partitioned relations that appear down in the tree, so
     * that when we've created Paths for all the children, the root
     * partitioned table's list will contain all such indexes.
     */
    if (rte->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE)
        rel->partitioned_child_rels = list_make1_int(rti);

    /*
     * If the partitioned relation has any baserestrictinfo quals then we
     * attempt to use these quals to prune away partitions that cannot
     * possibly contain any tuples matching these quals.  In this case we'll
     * store the relids of all partitions which could possibly contain a
     * matching tuple, and skip anything else in the loop below.
     */
    if (enable_partition_pruning &&
        rte->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE &&
        rel->baserestrictinfo != NIL)
    {
        live_children = prune_append_rel_partitions(rel);
        did_pruning = true;
    }

    /*
     * Initialize to compute size estimates for whole append relation.
     *
     * We handle width estimates by weighting the widths of different child
     * rels proportionally to their number of rows.  This is sensible because
     * the use of width estimates is mainly to compute the total relation
     * "footprint" if we have to sort or hash it.  To do this, we sum the
     * total equivalent size (in "double" arithmetic) and then divide by the
     * total rowcount estimate.  This is done separately for the total rel
     * width and each attribute.
     *
     * Note: if you consider changing this logic, beware that child rels could
     * have zero rows and/or width, if they were excluded by constraints.
     */
    has_live_children = false;
    parent_rows = 0;
    parent_size = 0;
    nattrs = rel->max_attr - rel->min_attr + 1;
    parent_attrsizes = (double *) palloc0(nattrs * sizeof(double));

    foreach(l, root->append_rel_list)
    {
        AppendRelInfo *appinfo = (AppendRelInfo *) lfirst(l);
        int         childRTindex;
        RangeTblEntry *childRTE;
        RelOptInfo *childrel;
        List       *childquals;
        Index       cq_min_security;
        bool        have_const_false_cq;
        ListCell   *parentvars;
        ListCell   *childvars;
        ListCell   *lc;

        /* append_rel_list contains all append rels; ignore others */
        if (appinfo->parent_relid != parentRTindex)
            continue;

        childRTindex = appinfo->child_relid;
        childRTE = root->simple_rte_array[childRTindex];

        /*
         * The child rel's RelOptInfo was already created during
         * add_base_rels_to_query.
         */
        childrel = find_base_rel(root, childRTindex);
        Assert(childrel->reloptkind == RELOPT_OTHER_MEMBER_REL);

        if (rel->part_scheme)
        {
            AttrNumber  attno;

            /*
             * We need attr_needed data for building targetlist of a join
             * relation representing join between matching partitions for
             * partitionwise join. A given attribute of a child will be needed
             * in the same highest joinrel where the corresponding attribute
             * of parent is needed. Hence it suffices to use the same Relids
             * set for parent and child.
             */
            for (attno = rel->min_attr; attno <= rel->max_attr; attno++)
            {
                int         index = attno - rel->min_attr;
                Relids      attr_needed = rel->attr_needed[index];

                /* System attributes do not need translation. */
                if (attno <= 0)
                {
                    Assert(rel->min_attr == childrel->min_attr);
                    childrel->attr_needed[index] = attr_needed;
                }
                else
                {
                    Var        *var = list_nth_node(Var,
                                                    appinfo->translated_vars,
                                                    attno - 1);
                    int         child_index;

                    /*
                     * Ignore any column dropped from the parent.
                     * Corresponding Var won't have any translation. It won't
                     * have attr_needed information, since it can not be
                     * referenced in the query.
                     */
                    if (var == NULL)
                    {
                        Assert(attr_needed == NULL);
                        continue;
                    }

                    child_index = var->varattno - childrel->min_attr;
                    childrel->attr_needed[child_index] = attr_needed;
                }
            }
        }

        /*
         * Copy/Modify targetlist. Even if this child is deemed empty, we need
         * its targetlist in case it falls on nullable side in a child-join
         * because of partitionwise join.
         *
         * NB: the resulting childrel->reltarget->exprs may contain arbitrary
         * expressions, which otherwise would not occur in a rel's targetlist.
         * Code that might be looking at an appendrel child must cope with
         * such.  (Normally, a rel's targetlist would only include Vars and
         * PlaceHolderVars.)  XXX we do not bother to update the cost or width
         * fields of childrel->reltarget; not clear if that would be useful.
         */
        childrel->reltarget->exprs = (List *)
            adjust_appendrel_attrs(root,
                                   (Node *) rel->reltarget->exprs,
                                   1, &appinfo);

        /*
         * We have to make child entries in the EquivalenceClass data
         * structures as well.  This is needed either if the parent
         * participates in some eclass joins (because we will want to consider
         * inner-indexscan joins on the individual children) or if the parent
         * has useful pathkeys (because we should try to build MergeAppend
         * paths that produce those sort orderings). Even if this child is
         * deemed dummy, it may fall on nullable side in a child-join, which
         * in turn may participate in a MergeAppend, where we will need the
         * EquivalenceClass data structures.
         */
        if (rel->has_eclass_joins || has_useful_pathkeys(root, rel))
            add_child_rel_equivalences(root, appinfo, rel, childrel);
        childrel->has_eclass_joins = rel->has_eclass_joins;

        /*
         * We have to copy the parent's quals to the child, with appropriate
         * substitution of variables.  However, only the baserestrictinfo
         * quals are needed before we can check for constraint exclusion; so
         * do that first and then check to see if we can disregard this child.
         *
         * The child rel's targetlist might contain non-Var expressions, which
         * means that substitution into the quals could produce opportunities
         * for const-simplification, and perhaps even pseudoconstant quals.
         * Therefore, transform each RestrictInfo separately to see if it
         * reduces to a constant or pseudoconstant.  (We must process them
         * separately to keep track of the security level of each qual.)
         */
        childquals = NIL;
        cq_min_security = UINT_MAX;
        have_const_false_cq = false;
        foreach(lc, rel->baserestrictinfo)
        {
            RestrictInfo *rinfo = (RestrictInfo *) lfirst(lc);
            Node       *childqual;
            ListCell   *lc2;

            Assert(IsA(rinfo, RestrictInfo));
            childqual = adjust_appendrel_attrs(root,
                                               (Node *) rinfo->clause,
                                               1, &appinfo);
            childqual = eval_const_expressions(root, childqual);
            /* check for flat-out constant */
            if (childqual && IsA(childqual, Const))
            {
                if (((Const *) childqual)->constisnull ||
                    !DatumGetBool(((Const *) childqual)->constvalue))
                {
                    /* Restriction reduces to constant FALSE or NULL */
                    have_const_false_cq = true;
                    break;
                }
                /* Restriction reduces to constant TRUE, so drop it */
                continue;
            }
            /* might have gotten an AND clause, if so flatten it */
            foreach(lc2, make_ands_implicit((Expr *) childqual))
            {
                Node       *onecq = (Node *) lfirst(lc2);
                bool        pseudoconstant;

                /* check for pseudoconstant (no Vars or volatile functions) */
                pseudoconstant =
                    !contain_vars_of_level(onecq, 0) &&
                    !contain_volatile_functions(onecq);
                if (pseudoconstant)
                {
                    /* tell createplan.c to check for gating quals */
                    root->hasPseudoConstantQuals = true;
                }
                /* reconstitute RestrictInfo with appropriate properties */
                childquals = lappend(childquals,
                                     make_restrictinfo((Expr *) onecq,
                                                       rinfo->is_pushed_down,
                                                       rinfo->outerjoin_delayed,
                                                       pseudoconstant,
                                                       rinfo->security_level,
                                                       NULL, NULL, NULL));
                /* track minimum security level among child quals */
                cq_min_security = Min(cq_min_security, rinfo->security_level);
            }
        }

        /*
         * In addition to the quals inherited from the parent, we might have
         * securityQuals associated with this particular child node.
         * (Currently this can only happen in appendrels originating from
         * UNION ALL; inheritance child tables don't have their own
         * securityQuals, see expand_inherited_rtentry().)  Pull any such
         * securityQuals up into the baserestrictinfo for the child.  This is
         * similar to process_security_barrier_quals() for the parent rel,
         * except that we can't make any general deductions from such quals,
         * since they don't hold for the whole appendrel.
         */
        if (childRTE->securityQuals)
        {
            Index       security_level = 0;

            foreach(lc, childRTE->securityQuals)
            {
                List       *qualset = (List *) lfirst(lc);
                ListCell   *lc2;

                foreach(lc2, qualset)
                {
                    Expr       *qual = (Expr *) lfirst(lc2);

                    /* not likely that we'd see constants here, so no check */
                    childquals = lappend(childquals,
                                         make_restrictinfo(qual,
                                                           true, false, false,
                                                           security_level,
                                                           NULL, NULL, NULL));
                    cq_min_security = Min(cq_min_security, security_level);
                }
                security_level++;
            }
            Assert(security_level <= root->qual_security_level);
        }

        /*
         * OK, we've got all the baserestrictinfo quals for this child.
         */
        childrel->baserestrictinfo = childquals;
        childrel->baserestrict_min_security = cq_min_security;

        if (have_const_false_cq)
        {
            /*
             * Some restriction clause reduced to constant FALSE or NULL after
             * substitution, so this child need not be scanned.
             */
            set_dummy_rel_pathlist(childrel);
            continue;
        }

        if (did_pruning && !bms_is_member(appinfo->child_relid, live_children))
        {
            /* This partition was pruned; skip it. */
            set_dummy_rel_pathlist(childrel);
            continue;
        }

        if (relation_excluded_by_constraints(root, childrel, childRTE))
        {
            /*
             * This child need not be scanned, so we can omit it from the
             * appendrel.
             */
            set_dummy_rel_pathlist(childrel);
            continue;
        }

        /* CE failed, so finish copying/modifying join quals. */
        childrel->joininfo = (List *)
            adjust_appendrel_attrs(root,
                                   (Node *) rel->joininfo,
                                   1, &appinfo);

        /*
         * If parallelism is allowable for this query in general, see whether
         * it's allowable for this childrel in particular.  But if we've
         * already decided the appendrel is not parallel-safe as a whole,
         * there's no point in considering parallelism for this child.  For
         * consistency, do this before calling set_rel_size() for the child.
         */
        if (root->glob->parallelModeOK && rel->consider_parallel)
            set_rel_consider_parallel(root, childrel, childRTE);

        /*
         * Compute the child's size.
         */
        set_rel_size(root, childrel, childRTindex, childRTE);

        /*
         * It is possible that constraint exclusion detected a contradiction
         * within a child subquery, even though we didn't prove one above. If
         * so, we can skip this child.
         */
        if (IS_DUMMY_REL(childrel))
            continue;

        /* We have at least one live child. */
        has_live_children = true;

        /*
         * If any live child is not parallel-safe, treat the whole appendrel
         * as not parallel-safe.  In future we might be able to generate plans
         * in which some children are farmed out to workers while others are
         * not; but we don't have that today, so it's a waste to consider
         * partial paths anywhere in the appendrel unless it's all safe.
         * (Child rels visited before this one will be unmarked in
         * set_append_rel_pathlist().)
         */
        if (!childrel->consider_parallel)
            rel->consider_parallel = false;

        /*
         * Accumulate size information from each live child.
         */
        Assert(childrel->rows > 0);

        parent_rows += childrel->rows;
        parent_size += childrel->reltarget->width * childrel->rows;

        /*
         * Accumulate per-column estimates too.  We need not do anything for
         * PlaceHolderVars in the parent list.  If child expression isn't a
         * Var, or we didn't record a width estimate for it, we have to fall
         * back on a datatype-based estimate.
         *
         * By construction, child's targetlist is 1-to-1 with parent's.
         */
        forboth(parentvars, rel->reltarget->exprs,
                childvars, childrel->reltarget->exprs)
        {
            Var        *parentvar = (Var *) lfirst(parentvars);
            Node       *childvar = (Node *) lfirst(childvars);

            if (IsA(parentvar, Var))
            {
                int         pndx = parentvar->varattno - rel->min_attr;
                int32       child_width = 0;

                if (IsA(childvar, Var) &&
                    ((Var *) childvar)->varno == childrel->relid)
                {
                    int         cndx = ((Var *) childvar)->varattno - childrel->min_attr;

                    child_width = childrel->attr_widths[cndx];
                }
                if (child_width <= 0)
                    child_width = get_typavgwidth(exprType(childvar),
                                                  exprTypmod(childvar));
                Assert(child_width > 0);
                parent_attrsizes[pndx] += child_width * childrel->rows;
            }
        }
    }

    if (has_live_children)
    {
        /*
         * Save the finished size estimates.
         */
        int         i;

        Assert(parent_rows > 0);
        rel->rows = parent_rows;
        rel->reltarget->width = rint(parent_size / parent_rows);
        for (i = 0; i < nattrs; i++)
            rel->attr_widths[i] = rint(parent_attrsizes[i] / parent_rows);

        /*
         * Set "raw tuples" count equal to "rows" for the appendrel; needed
         * because some places assume rel->tuples is valid for any baserel.
         */
        rel->tuples = parent_rows;
    }
    else
    {
        /*
         * All children were excluded by constraints, so mark the whole
         * appendrel dummy.  We must do this in this phase so that the rel's
         * dummy-ness is visible when we generate paths for other rels.
         */
        set_dummy_rel_pathlist(rel);
    }

    pfree(parent_attrsizes);
}

set_base_rel_consider_startup()

static void set_base_rel_consider_startup ( PlannerInfo *  root )

static

Definition at line 206 of file allpaths.c.

References bms_get_singleton_member(), RelOptInfo::consider_param_startup, find_base_rel(), JOIN_ANTI, PlannerInfo::join_info_list, JOIN_SEMI, SpecialJoinInfo::jointype, lfirst, and SpecialJoinInfo::syn_righthand.

Referenced by make_one_rel().

{
    /*
     * Since parameterized paths can only be used on the inside of a nestloop
     * join plan, there is usually little value in considering fast-start
     * plans for them.  However, for relations that are on the RHS of a SEMI
     * or ANTI join, a fast-start plan can be useful because we're only going
     * to care about fetching one tuple anyway.
     *
     * To minimize growth of planning time, we currently restrict this to
     * cases where the RHS is a single base relation, not a join; there is no
     * provision for consider_param_startup to get set at all on joinrels.
     * Also we don't worry about appendrels.  costsize.c's costing rules for
     * nestloop semi/antijoins don't consider such cases either.
     */
    ListCell   *lc;

    foreach(lc, root->join_info_list)
    {
        SpecialJoinInfo *sjinfo = (SpecialJoinInfo *) lfirst(lc);
        int         varno;

        if ((sjinfo->jointype == JOIN_SEMI || sjinfo->jointype == JOIN_ANTI) &&
            bms_get_singleton_member(sjinfo->syn_righthand, &varno))
        {
            RelOptInfo *rel = find_base_rel(root, varno);

            rel->consider_param_startup = true;
        }
    }
}

set_base_rel_pathlists()

static void set_base_rel_pathlists ( PlannerInfo *  root )

static

Definition at line 292 of file allpaths.c.

References Assert, RelOptInfo::relid, RELOPT_BASEREL, RelOptInfo::reloptkind, set_rel_pathlist(), PlannerInfo::simple_rel_array, PlannerInfo::simple_rel_array_size, and PlannerInfo::simple_rte_array.

Referenced by make_one_rel().

{
    Index       rti;

    for (rti = 1; rti < root->simple_rel_array_size; rti++)
    {
        RelOptInfo *rel = root->simple_rel_array[rti];

        /* there may be empty slots corresponding to non-baserel RTEs */
        if (rel == NULL)
            continue;

        Assert(rel->relid == rti);  /* sanity check on array */

        /* ignore RTEs that are "other rels" */
        if (rel->reloptkind != RELOPT_BASEREL)
            continue;

        set_rel_pathlist(root, rel, rti, root->simple_rte_array[rti]);
    }
}

set_base_rel_sizes()

static void set_base_rel_sizes ( PlannerInfo *  root )

static

Definition at line 249 of file allpaths.c.

References Assert, PlannerInfo::glob, PlannerGlobal::parallelModeOK, RelOptInfo::relid, RELOPT_BASEREL, RelOptInfo::reloptkind, set_rel_consider_parallel(), set_rel_size(), PlannerInfo::simple_rel_array, PlannerInfo::simple_rel_array_size, and PlannerInfo::simple_rte_array.

Referenced by make_one_rel().

{
    Index       rti;

    for (rti = 1; rti < root->simple_rel_array_size; rti++)
    {
        RelOptInfo *rel = root->simple_rel_array[rti];
        RangeTblEntry *rte;

        /* there may be empty slots corresponding to non-baserel RTEs */
        if (rel == NULL)
            continue;

        Assert(rel->relid == rti);  /* sanity check on array */

        /* ignore RTEs that are "other rels" */
        if (rel->reloptkind != RELOPT_BASEREL)
            continue;

        rte = root->simple_rte_array[rti];

        /*
         * If parallelism is allowable for this query in general, see whether
         * it's allowable for this rel in particular.  We have to do this
         * before set_rel_size(), because (a) if this rel is an inheritance
         * parent, set_append_rel_size() will use and perhaps change the rel's
         * consider_parallel flag, and (b) for some RTE types, set_rel_size()
         * goes ahead and makes paths immediately.
         */
        if (root->glob->parallelModeOK)
            set_rel_consider_parallel(root, rel, rte);

        set_rel_size(root, rel, rti, rte);
    }
}

set_cte_pathlist()

static void set_cte_pathlist ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel, RangeTblEntry *  rte  )

static

Definition at line 2395 of file allpaths.c.

References add_path(), Assert, create_ctescan_path(), PlannerInfo::cte_plan_ids, RangeTblEntry::ctelevelsup, Query::cteList, RangeTblEntry::ctename, CommonTableExpr::ctename, elog, ERROR, PlannerInfo::glob, RelOptInfo::lateral_relids, lfirst, list_length(), list_nth(), list_nth_int(), PlannerInfo::parent_root, PlannerInfo::parse, Plan::plan_rows, set_cte_size_estimates(), and PlannerGlobal::subplans.

Referenced by set_rel_size().

{
    Plan       *cteplan;
    PlannerInfo *cteroot;
    Index       levelsup;
    int         ndx;
    ListCell   *lc;
    int         plan_id;
    Relids      required_outer;

    /*
     * Find the referenced CTE, and locate the plan previously made for it.
     */
    levelsup = rte->ctelevelsup;
    cteroot = root;
    while (levelsup-- > 0)
    {
        cteroot = cteroot->parent_root;
        if (!cteroot)           /* shouldn't happen */
            elog(ERROR, "bad levelsup for CTE \"%s\"", rte->ctename);
    }

    /*
     * Note: cte_plan_ids can be shorter than cteList, if we are still working
     * on planning the CTEs (ie, this is a side-reference from another CTE).
     * So we mustn't use forboth here.
     */
    ndx = 0;
    foreach(lc, cteroot->parse->cteList)
    {
        CommonTableExpr *cte = (CommonTableExpr *) lfirst(lc);

        if (strcmp(cte->ctename, rte->ctename) == 0)
            break;
        ndx++;
    }
    if (lc == NULL)             /* shouldn't happen */
        elog(ERROR, "could not find CTE \"%s\"", rte->ctename);
    if (ndx >= list_length(cteroot->cte_plan_ids))
        elog(ERROR, "could not find plan for CTE \"%s\"", rte->ctename);
    plan_id = list_nth_int(cteroot->cte_plan_ids, ndx);
    Assert(plan_id > 0);
    cteplan = (Plan *) list_nth(root->glob->subplans, plan_id - 1);

    /* Mark rel with estimated output rows, width, etc */
    set_cte_size_estimates(root, rel, cteplan->plan_rows);

    /*
     * We don't support pushing join clauses into the quals of a CTE scan, but
     * it could still have required parameterization due to LATERAL refs in
     * its tlist.
     */
    required_outer = rel->lateral_relids;

    /* Generate appropriate path */
    add_path(rel, create_ctescan_path(root, rel, required_outer));
}

set_dummy_rel_pathlist()

void set_dummy_rel_pathlist

(

RelOptInfo *

rel

)

Definition at line 2022 of file allpaths.c.

References add_path(), create_append_path(), NIL, RelOptInfo::partial_pathlist, RelOptInfo::pathlist, RelOptInfo::reltarget, RelOptInfo::rows, set_cheapest(), and PathTarget::width.

Referenced by inheritance_planner(), set_append_rel_size(), set_rel_size(), and set_subquery_pathlist().

{
    /* Set dummy size estimates --- we leave attr_widths[] as zeroes */
    rel->rows = 0;
    rel->reltarget->width = 0;

    /* Discard any pre-existing paths; no further need for them */
    rel->pathlist = NIL;
    rel->partial_pathlist = NIL;

    add_path(rel, (Path *) create_append_path(NULL, rel, NIL, NIL, NULL,
                                              0, false, NIL, -1));

    /*
     * We set the cheapest path immediately, to ensure that IS_DUMMY_REL()
     * will recognize the relation as dummy if anyone asks.  This is redundant
     * when we're called from set_rel_size(), but not when called from
     * elsewhere, and doing it twice is harmless anyway.
     */
    set_cheapest(rel);
}

set_foreign_pathlist()

static void set_foreign_pathlist ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel, RangeTblEntry *  rte  )

static

Definition at line 850 of file allpaths.c.

References RelOptInfo::fdwroutine, FdwRoutine::GetForeignPaths, and RangeTblEntry::relid.

Referenced by set_rel_pathlist().

{
    /* Call the FDW's GetForeignPaths function to generate path(s) */
    rel->fdwroutine->GetForeignPaths(root, rel, rte->relid);
}

set_foreign_size()

static void set_foreign_size ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel, RangeTblEntry *  rte  )

static

Definition at line 833 of file allpaths.c.

References clamp_row_est(), RelOptInfo::fdwroutine, FdwRoutine::GetForeignRelSize, RangeTblEntry::relid, RelOptInfo::rows, and set_foreign_size_estimates().

Referenced by set_rel_size().

{
    /* Mark rel with estimated output rows, width, etc */
    set_foreign_size_estimates(root, rel);

    /* Let FDW adjust the size estimates, if it can */
    rel->fdwroutine->GetForeignRelSize(root, rel, rte->relid);

    /* ... but do not let it set the rows estimate to zero */
    rel->rows = clamp_row_est(rel->rows);
}

set_function_pathlist()

static void set_function_pathlist ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel, RangeTblEntry *  rte  )

static

Definition at line 2283 of file allpaths.c.

References add_path(), build_expression_pathkey(), create_functionscan_path(), PathTarget::exprs, RangeTblEntry::funcordinality, IsA, RelOptInfo::lateral_relids, lfirst, RelOptInfo::max_attr, NIL, RelOptInfo::relid, RelOptInfo::relids, RelOptInfo::reltarget, Var::varattno, Var::varlevelsup, and Var::varno.

Referenced by set_rel_pathlist().

{
    Relids      required_outer;
    List       *pathkeys = NIL;

    /*
     * We don't support pushing join clauses into the quals of a function
     * scan, but it could still have required parameterization due to LATERAL
     * refs in the function expression.
     */
    required_outer = rel->lateral_relids;

    /*
     * The result is considered unordered unless ORDINALITY was used, in which
     * case it is ordered by the ordinal column (the last one).  See if we
     * care, by checking for uses of that Var in equivalence classes.
     */
    if (rte->funcordinality)
    {
        AttrNumber  ordattno = rel->max_attr;
        Var        *var = NULL;
        ListCell   *lc;

        /*
         * Is there a Var for it in rel's targetlist?  If not, the query did
         * not reference the ordinality column, or at least not in any way
         * that would be interesting for sorting.
         */
        foreach(lc, rel->reltarget->exprs)
        {
            Var        *node = (Var *) lfirst(lc);

            /* checking varno/varlevelsup is just paranoia */
            if (IsA(node, Var) &&
                node->varattno == ordattno &&
                node->varno == rel->relid &&
                node->varlevelsup == 0)
            {
                var = node;
                break;
            }
        }

        /*
         * Try to build pathkeys for this Var with int8 sorting.  We tell
         * build_expression_pathkey not to build any new equivalence class; if
         * the Var isn't already mentioned in some EC, it means that nothing
         * cares about the ordering.
         */
        if (var)
            pathkeys = build_expression_pathkey(root,
                                                (Expr *) var,
                                                NULL,   /* below outer joins */
                                                Int8LessOperator,
                                                rel->relids,
                                                false);
    }

    /* Generate appropriate path */
    add_path(rel, create_functionscan_path(root, rel,
                                           pathkeys, required_outer));
}

set_namedtuplestore_pathlist()

static void set_namedtuplestore_pathlist ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel, RangeTblEntry *  rte  )

static

Definition at line 2461 of file allpaths.c.

References add_path(), create_namedtuplestorescan_path(), RelOptInfo::lateral_relids, set_cheapest(), and set_namedtuplestore_size_estimates().

Referenced by set_rel_size().

{
    Relids      required_outer;

    /* Mark rel with estimated output rows, width, etc */
    set_namedtuplestore_size_estimates(root, rel);

    /*
     * We don't support pushing join clauses into the quals of a tuplestore
     * scan, but it could still have required parameterization due to LATERAL
     * refs in its tlist.
     */
    required_outer = rel->lateral_relids;

    /* Generate appropriate path */
    add_path(rel, create_namedtuplestorescan_path(root, rel, required_outer));

    /* Select cheapest path (pretty easy in this case...) */
    set_cheapest(rel);
}

set_plain_rel_pathlist()

static void set_plain_rel_pathlist ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel, RangeTblEntry *  rte  )

static

Definition at line 695 of file allpaths.c.

References add_path(), RelOptInfo::consider_parallel, create_index_paths(), create_plain_partial_paths(), create_seqscan_path(), create_tidscan_paths(), and RelOptInfo::lateral_relids.

Referenced by set_rel_pathlist().

{
    Relids      required_outer;

    /*
     * We don't support pushing join clauses into the quals of a seqscan, but
     * it could still have required parameterization due to LATERAL refs in
     * its tlist.
     */
    required_outer = rel->lateral_relids;

    /* Consider sequential scan */
    add_path(rel, create_seqscan_path(root, rel, required_outer, 0));

    /* If appropriate, consider parallel sequential scan */
    if (rel->consider_parallel && required_outer == NULL)
        create_plain_partial_paths(root, rel);

    /* Consider index scans */
    create_index_paths(root, rel);

    /* Consider TID scans */
    create_tidscan_paths(root, rel);
}

set_plain_rel_size()

static void set_plain_rel_size ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel, RangeTblEntry *  rte  )

static

Definition at line 520 of file allpaths.c.

References check_index_predicates(), and set_baserel_size_estimates().

Referenced by set_rel_size().

{
    /*
     * Test any partial indexes of rel for applicability.  We must do this
     * first since partial unique indexes can affect size estimates.
     */
    check_index_predicates(root, rel);

    /* Mark rel with estimated output rows, width, etc */
    set_baserel_size_estimates(root, rel);
}

set_rel_consider_parallel()

static void set_rel_consider_parallel ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel, RangeTblEntry *  rte  )

static

Definition at line 537 of file allpaths.c.

References TableSampleClause::args, Assert, RelOptInfo::baserestrictinfo, RelOptInfo::consider_parallel, PathTarget::exprs, RelOptInfo::fdwroutine, func_parallel(), RangeTblEntry::functions, get_rel_persistence(), PlannerInfo::glob, is_parallel_safe(), IS_SIMPLE_REL, FdwRoutine::IsForeignScanParallelSafe, PlannerGlobal::parallelModeOK, RangeTblEntry::relid, RangeTblEntry::relkind, RelOptInfo::reltarget, RTE_CTE, RTE_FUNCTION, RTE_JOIN, RTE_NAMEDTUPLESTORE, RTE_RELATION, RTE_SUBQUERY, RTE_TABLEFUNC, RTE_VALUES, RangeTblEntry::rtekind, RangeTblEntry::tablesample, TableSampleClause::tsmhandler, and RangeTblEntry::values_lists.

Referenced by set_append_rel_size(), and set_base_rel_sizes().

{
    /*
     * The flag has previously been initialized to false, so we can just
     * return if it becomes clear that we can't safely set it.
     */
    Assert(!rel->consider_parallel);

    /* Don't call this if parallelism is disallowed for the entire query. */
    Assert(root->glob->parallelModeOK);

    /* This should only be called for baserels and appendrel children. */
    Assert(IS_SIMPLE_REL(rel));

    /* Assorted checks based on rtekind. */
    switch (rte->rtekind)
    {
        case RTE_RELATION:

            /*
             * Currently, parallel workers can't access the leader's temporary
             * tables.  We could possibly relax this if the wrote all of its
             * local buffers at the start of the query and made no changes
             * thereafter (maybe we could allow hint bit changes), and if we
             * taught the workers to read them.  Writing a large number of
             * temporary buffers could be expensive, though, and we don't have
             * the rest of the necessary infrastructure right now anyway.  So
             * for now, bail out if we see a temporary table.
             */
            if (get_rel_persistence(rte->relid) == RELPERSISTENCE_TEMP)
                return;

            /*
             * Table sampling can be pushed down to workers if the sample
             * function and its arguments are safe.
             */
            if (rte->tablesample != NULL)
            {
                char        proparallel = func_parallel(rte->tablesample->tsmhandler);

                if (proparallel != PROPARALLEL_SAFE)
                    return;
                if (!is_parallel_safe(root, (Node *) rte->tablesample->args))
                    return;
            }

            /*
             * Ask FDWs whether they can support performing a ForeignScan
             * within a worker.  Most often, the answer will be no.  For
             * example, if the nature of the FDW is such that it opens a TCP
             * connection with a remote server, each parallel worker would end
             * up with a separate connection, and these connections might not
             * be appropriately coordinated between workers and the leader.
             */
            if (rte->relkind == RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE)
            {
                Assert(rel->fdwroutine);
                if (!rel->fdwroutine->IsForeignScanParallelSafe)
                    return;
                if (!rel->fdwroutine->IsForeignScanParallelSafe(root, rel, rte))
                    return;
            }

            /*
             * There are additional considerations for appendrels, which we'll
             * deal with in set_append_rel_size and set_append_rel_pathlist.
             * For now, just set consider_parallel based on the rel's own
             * quals and targetlist.
             */
            break;

        case RTE_SUBQUERY:

            /*
             * There's no intrinsic problem with scanning a subquery-in-FROM
             * (as distinct from a SubPlan or InitPlan) in a parallel worker.
             * If the subquery doesn't happen to have any parallel-safe paths,
             * then flagging it as consider_parallel won't change anything,
             * but that's true for plain tables, too.  We must set
             * consider_parallel based on the rel's own quals and targetlist,
             * so that if a subquery path is parallel-safe but the quals and
             * projection we're sticking onto it are not, we correctly mark
             * the SubqueryScanPath as not parallel-safe.  (Note that
             * set_subquery_pathlist() might push some of these quals down
             * into the subquery itself, but that doesn't change anything.)
             */
            break;

        case RTE_JOIN:
            /* Shouldn't happen; we're only considering baserels here. */
            Assert(false);
            return;

        case RTE_FUNCTION:
            /* Check for parallel-restricted functions. */
            if (!is_parallel_safe(root, (Node *) rte->functions))
                return;
            break;

        case RTE_TABLEFUNC:
            /* not parallel safe */
            return;

        case RTE_VALUES:
            /* Check for parallel-restricted functions. */
            if (!is_parallel_safe(root, (Node *) rte->values_lists))
                return;
            break;

        case RTE_CTE:

            /*
             * CTE tuplestores aren't shared among parallel workers, so we
             * force all CTE scans to happen in the leader.  Also, populating
             * the CTE would require executing a subplan that's not available
             * in the worker, might be parallel-restricted, and must get
             * executed only once.
             */
            return;

        case RTE_NAMEDTUPLESTORE:

            /*
             * tuplestore cannot be shared, at least without more
             * infrastructure to support that.
             */
            return;
    }

    /*
     * If there's anything in baserestrictinfo that's parallel-restricted, we
     * give up on parallelizing access to this relation.  We could consider
     * instead postponing application of the restricted quals until we're
     * above all the parallelism in the plan tree, but it's not clear that
     * that would be a win in very many cases, and it might be tricky to make
     * outer join clauses work correctly.  It would likely break equivalence
     * classes, too.
     */
    if (!is_parallel_safe(root, (Node *) rel->baserestrictinfo))
        return;

    /*
     * Likewise, if the relation's outputs are not parallel-safe, give up.
     * (Usually, they're just Vars, but sometimes they're not.)
     */
    if (!is_parallel_safe(root, (Node *) rel->reltarget->exprs))
        return;

    /* We have a winner. */
    rel->consider_parallel = true;
}

set_rel_pathlist()

static void set_rel_pathlist ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel, Index  rti, RangeTblEntry *  rte  )

static

Definition at line 422 of file allpaths.c.

References PlannerInfo::all_baserels, bms_membership(), BMS_SINGLETON, elog, ERROR, generate_gather_paths(), RangeTblEntry::inh, IS_DUMMY_REL, RangeTblEntry::relkind, RELOPT_BASEREL, RelOptInfo::reloptkind, RTE_CTE, RTE_FUNCTION, RTE_NAMEDTUPLESTORE, RTE_RELATION, RTE_SUBQUERY, RTE_TABLEFUNC, RTE_VALUES, RelOptInfo::rtekind, set_append_rel_pathlist(), set_cheapest(), set_foreign_pathlist(), set_function_pathlist(), set_plain_rel_pathlist(), set_rel_pathlist_hook, set_tablefunc_pathlist(), set_tablesample_rel_pathlist(), set_values_pathlist(), and RangeTblEntry::tablesample.

Referenced by set_append_rel_pathlist(), and set_base_rel_pathlists().

{
    if (IS_DUMMY_REL(rel))
    {
        /* We already proved the relation empty, so nothing more to do */
    }
    else if (rte->inh)
    {
        /* It's an "append relation", process accordingly */
        set_append_rel_pathlist(root, rel, rti, rte);
    }
    else
    {
        switch (rel->rtekind)
        {
            case RTE_RELATION:
                if (rte->relkind == RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE)
                {
                    /* Foreign table */
                    set_foreign_pathlist(root, rel, rte);
                }
                else if (rte->tablesample != NULL)
                {
                    /* Sampled relation */
                    set_tablesample_rel_pathlist(root, rel, rte);
                }
                else
                {
                    /* Plain relation */
                    set_plain_rel_pathlist(root, rel, rte);
                }
                break;
            case RTE_SUBQUERY:
                /* Subquery --- fully handled during set_rel_size */
                break;
            case RTE_FUNCTION:
                /* RangeFunction */
                set_function_pathlist(root, rel, rte);
                break;
            case RTE_TABLEFUNC:
                /* Table Function */
                set_tablefunc_pathlist(root, rel, rte);
                break;
            case RTE_VALUES:
                /* Values list */
                set_values_pathlist(root, rel, rte);
                break;
            case RTE_CTE:
                /* CTE reference --- fully handled during set_rel_size */
                break;
            case RTE_NAMEDTUPLESTORE:
                /* tuplestore reference --- fully handled during set_rel_size */
                break;
            default:
                elog(ERROR, "unexpected rtekind: %d", (int) rel->rtekind);
                break;
        }
    }

    /*
     * If this is a baserel, we should normally consider gathering any partial
     * paths we may have created for it.
     *
     * However, if this is an inheritance child, skip it.  Otherwise, we could
     * end up with a very large number of gather nodes, each trying to grab
     * its own pool of workers.  Instead, we'll consider gathering partial
     * paths for the parent appendrel.
     *
     * Also, if this is the topmost scan/join rel (that is, the only baserel),
     * we postpone this until the final scan/join targelist is available (see
     * grouping_planner).
     */
    if (rel->reloptkind == RELOPT_BASEREL &&
        bms_membership(root->all_baserels) != BMS_SINGLETON)
        generate_gather_paths(root, rel, false);

    /*
     * Allow a plugin to editorialize on the set of Paths for this base
     * relation.  It could add new paths (such as CustomPaths) by calling
     * add_path(), or delete or modify paths added by the core code.
     */
    if (set_rel_pathlist_hook)
        (*set_rel_pathlist_hook) (root, rel, rti, rte);

    /* Now find the cheapest of the paths for this rel */
    set_cheapest(rel);

#ifdef OPTIMIZER_DEBUG
    debug_print_rel(root, rel);
#endif
}

set_rel_size()

static void set_rel_size ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel, Index  rti, RangeTblEntry *  rte  )

static

Definition at line 319 of file allpaths.c.

References Assert, elog, ERROR, RangeTblEntry::inh, IS_DUMMY_REL, relation_excluded_by_constraints(), RangeTblEntry::relkind, RELOPT_BASEREL, RelOptInfo::reloptkind, RelOptInfo::rows, RTE_CTE, RTE_FUNCTION, RTE_NAMEDTUPLESTORE, RTE_RELATION, RTE_SUBQUERY, RTE_TABLEFUNC, RTE_VALUES, RelOptInfo::rtekind, RangeTblEntry::self_reference, set_append_rel_size(), set_cte_pathlist(), set_dummy_rel_pathlist(), set_foreign_size(), set_function_size_estimates(), set_namedtuplestore_pathlist(), set_plain_rel_size(), set_subquery_pathlist(), set_tablefunc_size_estimates(), set_tablesample_rel_size(), set_values_size_estimates(), set_worktable_pathlist(), and RangeTblEntry::tablesample.

Referenced by set_append_rel_size(), and set_base_rel_sizes().

{
    if (rel->reloptkind == RELOPT_BASEREL &&
        relation_excluded_by_constraints(root, rel, rte))
    {
        /*
         * We proved we don't need to scan the rel via constraint exclusion,
         * so set up a single dummy path for it.  Here we only check this for
         * regular baserels; if it's an otherrel, CE was already checked in
         * set_append_rel_size().
         *
         * In this case, we go ahead and set up the relation's path right away
         * instead of leaving it for set_rel_pathlist to do.  This is because
         * we don't have a convention for marking a rel as dummy except by
         * assigning a dummy path to it.
         */
        set_dummy_rel_pathlist(rel);
    }
    else if (rte->inh)
    {
        /* It's an "append relation", process accordingly */
        set_append_rel_size(root, rel, rti, rte);
    }
    else
    {
        switch (rel->rtekind)
        {
            case RTE_RELATION:
                if (rte->relkind == RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE)
                {
                    /* Foreign table */
                    set_foreign_size(root, rel, rte);
                }
                else if (rte->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE)
                {
                    /*
                     * A partitioned table without any partitions is marked as
                     * a dummy rel.
                     */
                    set_dummy_rel_pathlist(rel);
                }
                else if (rte->tablesample != NULL)
                {
                    /* Sampled relation */
                    set_tablesample_rel_size(root, rel, rte);
                }
                else
                {
                    /* Plain relation */
                    set_plain_rel_size(root, rel, rte);
                }
                break;
            case RTE_SUBQUERY:

                /*
                 * Subqueries don't support making a choice between
                 * parameterized and unparameterized paths, so just go ahead
                 * and build their paths immediately.
                 */
                set_subquery_pathlist(root, rel, rti, rte);
                break;
            case RTE_FUNCTION:
                set_function_size_estimates(root, rel);
                break;
            case RTE_TABLEFUNC:
                set_tablefunc_size_estimates(root, rel);
                break;
            case RTE_VALUES:
                set_values_size_estimates(root, rel);
                break;
            case RTE_CTE:

                /*
                 * CTEs don't support making a choice between parameterized
                 * and unparameterized paths, so just go ahead and build their
                 * paths immediately.
                 */
                if (rte->self_reference)
                    set_worktable_pathlist(root, rel, rte);
                else
                    set_cte_pathlist(root, rel, rte);
                break;
            case RTE_NAMEDTUPLESTORE:
                set_namedtuplestore_pathlist(root, rel, rte);
                break;
            default:
                elog(ERROR, "unexpected rtekind: %d", (int) rel->rtekind);
                break;
        }
    }

    /*
     * We insist that all non-dummy rels have a nonzero rowcount estimate.
     */
    Assert(rel->rows > 0 || IS_DUMMY_REL(rel));
}

set_subquery_pathlist()

static void set_subquery_pathlist ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel, Index  rti, RangeTblEntry *  rte  )

static

Definition at line 2079 of file allpaths.c.

References add_partial_path(), add_path(), Assert, RelOptInfo::baserestrictinfo, bms_is_empty(), RestrictInfo::clause, RelOptInfo::consider_parallel, convert_subquery_pathkeys(), copyObject, create_subqueryscan_path(), Query::distinctClause, fetch_upper_rel(), PlannerInfo::glob, Query::groupClause, Query::groupingSets, has_multiple_baserels(), Query::hasAggs, Query::havingQual, IS_DUMMY_REL, lappend(), RelOptInfo::lateral_relids, lfirst, list_length(), make_tlist_from_pathtarget(), NIL, palloc0(), parse(), PlannerInfo::parse, RelOptInfo::partial_pathlist, Path::pathkeys, RelOptInfo::pathlist, Path::pathtarget, pfree(), PlannerInfo::plan_params, RestrictInfo::pseudoconstant, qual_is_pushdown_safe(), remove_unused_subquery_outputs(), RangeTblEntry::security_barrier, set_dummy_rel_pathlist(), set_subquery_size_estimates(), Query::sortClause, subpath(), RelOptInfo::subplan_params, RangeTblEntry::subquery, subquery_is_pushdown_safe(), subquery_planner(), subquery_push_qual(), RelOptInfo::subroot, Query::targetList, PlannerInfo::tuple_fraction, pushdown_safety_info::unsafeColumns, pushdown_safety_info::unsafeLeaky, and UPPERREL_FINAL.

Referenced by set_rel_size().

{
    Query      *parse = root->parse;
    Query      *subquery = rte->subquery;
    Relids      required_outer;
    pushdown_safety_info safetyInfo;
    double      tuple_fraction;
    RelOptInfo *sub_final_rel;
    ListCell   *lc;

    /*
     * Must copy the Query so that planning doesn't mess up the RTE contents
     * (really really need to fix the planner to not scribble on its input,
     * someday ... but see remove_unused_subquery_outputs to start with).
     */
    subquery = copyObject(subquery);

    /*
     * If it's a LATERAL subquery, it might contain some Vars of the current
     * query level, requiring it to be treated as parameterized, even though
     * we don't support pushing down join quals into subqueries.
     */
    required_outer = rel->lateral_relids;

    /*
     * Zero out result area for subquery_is_pushdown_safe, so that it can set
     * flags as needed while recursing.  In particular, we need a workspace
     * for keeping track of unsafe-to-reference columns.  unsafeColumns[i]
     * will be set true if we find that output column i of the subquery is
     * unsafe to use in a pushed-down qual.
     */
    memset(&safetyInfo, 0, sizeof(safetyInfo));
    safetyInfo.unsafeColumns = (bool *)
        palloc0((list_length(subquery->targetList) + 1) * sizeof(bool));

    /*
     * If the subquery has the "security_barrier" flag, it means the subquery
     * originated from a view that must enforce row level security.  Then we
     * must not push down quals that contain leaky functions.  (Ideally this
     * would be checked inside subquery_is_pushdown_safe, but since we don't
     * currently pass the RTE to that function, we must do it here.)
     */
    safetyInfo.unsafeLeaky = rte->security_barrier;

    /*
     * If there are any restriction clauses that have been attached to the
     * subquery relation, consider pushing them down to become WHERE or HAVING
     * quals of the subquery itself.  This transformation is useful because it
     * may allow us to generate a better plan for the subquery than evaluating
     * all the subquery output rows and then filtering them.
     *
     * There are several cases where we cannot push down clauses. Restrictions
     * involving the subquery are checked by subquery_is_pushdown_safe().
     * Restrictions on individual clauses are checked by
     * qual_is_pushdown_safe().  Also, we don't want to push down
     * pseudoconstant clauses; better to have the gating node above the
     * subquery.
     *
     * Non-pushed-down clauses will get evaluated as qpquals of the
     * SubqueryScan node.
     *
     * XXX Are there any cases where we want to make a policy decision not to
     * push down a pushable qual, because it'd result in a worse plan?
     */
    if (rel->baserestrictinfo != NIL &&
        subquery_is_pushdown_safe(subquery, subquery, &safetyInfo))
    {
        /* OK to consider pushing down individual quals */
        List       *upperrestrictlist = NIL;
        ListCell   *l;

        foreach(l, rel->baserestrictinfo)
        {
            RestrictInfo *rinfo = (RestrictInfo *) lfirst(l);
            Node       *clause = (Node *) rinfo->clause;

            if (!rinfo->pseudoconstant &&
                qual_is_pushdown_safe(subquery, rti, clause, &safetyInfo))
            {
                /* Push it down */
                subquery_push_qual(subquery, rte, rti, clause);
            }
            else
            {
                /* Keep it in the upper query */
                upperrestrictlist = lappend(upperrestrictlist, rinfo);
            }
        }
        rel->baserestrictinfo = upperrestrictlist;
        /* We don't bother recomputing baserestrict_min_security */
    }

    pfree(safetyInfo.unsafeColumns);

    /*
     * The upper query might not use all the subquery's output columns; if
     * not, we can simplify.
     */
    remove_unused_subquery_outputs(subquery, rel);

    /*
     * We can safely pass the outer tuple_fraction down to the subquery if the
     * outer level has no joining, aggregation, or sorting to do. Otherwise
     * we'd better tell the subquery to plan for full retrieval. (XXX This
     * could probably be made more intelligent ...)
     */
    if (parse->hasAggs ||
        parse->groupClause ||
        parse->groupingSets ||
        parse->havingQual ||
        parse->distinctClause ||
        parse->sortClause ||
        has_multiple_baserels(root))
        tuple_fraction = 0.0;   /* default case */
    else
        tuple_fraction = root->tuple_fraction;

    /* plan_params should not be in use in current query level */
    Assert(root->plan_params == NIL);

    /* Generate a subroot and Paths for the subquery */
    rel->subroot = subquery_planner(root->glob, subquery,
                                    root,
                                    false, tuple_fraction);

    /* Isolate the params needed by this specific subplan */
    rel->subplan_params = root->plan_params;
    root->plan_params = NIL;

    /*
     * It's possible that constraint exclusion proved the subquery empty. If
     * so, it's desirable to produce an unadorned dummy path so that we will
     * recognize appropriate optimizations at this query level.
     */
    sub_final_rel = fetch_upper_rel(rel->subroot, UPPERREL_FINAL, NULL);

    if (IS_DUMMY_REL(sub_final_rel))
    {
        set_dummy_rel_pathlist(rel);
        return;
    }

    /*
     * Mark rel with estimated output rows, width, etc.  Note that we have to
     * do this before generating outer-query paths, else cost_subqueryscan is
     * not happy.
     */
    set_subquery_size_estimates(root, rel);

    /*
     * For each Path that subquery_planner produced, make a SubqueryScanPath
     * in the outer query.
     */
    foreach(lc, sub_final_rel->pathlist)
    {
        Path       *subpath = (Path *) lfirst(lc);
        List       *pathkeys;

        /* Convert subpath's pathkeys to outer representation */
        pathkeys = convert_subquery_pathkeys(root,
                                             rel,
                                             subpath->pathkeys,
                                             make_tlist_from_pathtarget(subpath->pathtarget));

        /* Generate outer path using this subpath */
        add_path(rel, (Path *)
                 create_subqueryscan_path(root, rel, subpath,
                                          pathkeys, required_outer));
    }

    /* If outer rel allows parallelism, do same for partial paths. */
    if (rel->consider_parallel && bms_is_empty(required_outer))
    {
        /* If consider_parallel is false, there should be no partial paths. */
        Assert(sub_final_rel->consider_parallel ||
               sub_final_rel->partial_pathlist == NIL);

        /* Same for partial paths. */
        foreach(lc, sub_final_rel->partial_pathlist)
        {
            Path       *subpath = (Path *) lfirst(lc);
            List       *pathkeys;

            /* Convert subpath's pathkeys to outer representation */
            pathkeys = convert_subquery_pathkeys(root,
                                                 rel,
                                                 subpath->pathkeys,
                                                 make_tlist_from_pathtarget(subpath->pathtarget));

            /* Generate outer path using this subpath */
            add_partial_path(rel, (Path *)
                             create_subqueryscan_path(root, rel, subpath,
                                                      pathkeys,
                                                      required_outer));
        }
    }
}

set_tablefunc_pathlist()

static void set_tablefunc_pathlist ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel, RangeTblEntry *  rte  )

static

Definition at line 2371 of file allpaths.c.

References add_path(), create_tablefuncscan_path(), and RelOptInfo::lateral_relids.

Referenced by set_rel_pathlist().

{
    Relids      required_outer;

    /*
     * We don't support pushing join clauses into the quals of a tablefunc
     * scan, but it could still have required parameterization due to LATERAL
     * refs in the function expression.
     */
    required_outer = rel->lateral_relids;

    /* Generate appropriate path */
    add_path(rel, create_tablefuncscan_path(root, rel,
                                            required_outer));
}

set_tablesample_rel_pathlist()

static void set_tablesample_rel_pathlist ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel, RangeTblEntry *  rte  )

static

Definition at line 785 of file allpaths.c.

References add_path(), PlannerInfo::all_baserels, bms_membership(), BMS_SINGLETON, create_material_path(), create_samplescan_path(), GetTsmRoutine(), RelOptInfo::lateral_relids, PlannerInfo::query_level, TsmRoutine::repeatable_across_scans, RangeTblEntry::tablesample, and TableSampleClause::tsmhandler.

Referenced by set_rel_pathlist().

{
    Relids      required_outer;
    Path       *path;

    /*
     * We don't support pushing join clauses into the quals of a samplescan,
     * but it could still have required parameterization due to LATERAL refs
     * in its tlist or TABLESAMPLE arguments.
     */
    required_outer = rel->lateral_relids;

    /* Consider sampled scan */
    path = create_samplescan_path(root, rel, required_outer);

    /*
     * If the sampling method does not support repeatable scans, we must avoid
     * plans that would scan the rel multiple times.  Ideally, we'd simply
     * avoid putting the rel on the inside of a nestloop join; but adding such
     * a consideration to the planner seems like a great deal of complication
     * to support an uncommon usage of second-rate sampling methods.  Instead,
     * if there is a risk that the query might perform an unsafe join, just
     * wrap the SampleScan in a Materialize node.  We can check for joins by
     * counting the membership of all_baserels (note that this correctly
     * counts inheritance trees as single rels).  If we're inside a subquery,
     * we can't easily check whether a join might occur in the outer query, so
     * just assume one is possible.
     *
     * GetTsmRoutine is relatively expensive compared to the other tests here,
     * so check repeatable_across_scans last, even though that's a bit odd.
     */
    if ((root->query_level > 1 ||
         bms_membership(root->all_baserels) != BMS_SINGLETON) &&
        !(GetTsmRoutine(rte->tablesample->tsmhandler)->repeatable_across_scans))
    {
        path = (Path *) create_material_path(rel, path);
    }

    add_path(rel, path);

    /* For the moment, at least, there are no other paths to consider */
}

set_tablesample_rel_size()

static void set_tablesample_rel_size ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel, RangeTblEntry *  rte  )

static

Definition at line 745 of file allpaths.c.

References TableSampleClause::args, check_index_predicates(), GetTsmRoutine(), RelOptInfo::pages, TsmRoutine::SampleScanGetSampleSize, set_baserel_size_estimates(), RangeTblEntry::tablesample, TableSampleClause::tsmhandler, and RelOptInfo::tuples.

Referenced by set_rel_size().

{
    TableSampleClause *tsc = rte->tablesample;
    TsmRoutine *tsm;
    BlockNumber pages;
    double      tuples;

    /*
     * Test any partial indexes of rel for applicability.  We must do this
     * first since partial unique indexes can affect size estimates.
     */
    check_index_predicates(root, rel);

    /*
     * Call the sampling method's estimation function to estimate the number
     * of pages it will read and the number of tuples it will return.  (Note:
     * we assume the function returns sane values.)
     */
    tsm = GetTsmRoutine(tsc->tsmhandler);
    tsm->SampleScanGetSampleSize(root, rel, tsc->args,
                                 &pages, &tuples);

    /*
     * For the moment, because we will only consider a SampleScan path for the
     * rel, it's okay to just overwrite the pages and tuples estimates for the
     * whole relation.  If we ever consider multiple path types for sampled
     * rels, we'll need more complication.
     */
    rel->pages = pages;
    rel->tuples = tuples;

    /* Mark rel with estimated output rows, width, etc */
    set_baserel_size_estimates(root, rel);
}

set_values_pathlist()

static void set_values_pathlist ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel, RangeTblEntry *  rte  )

static

Definition at line 2351 of file allpaths.c.

References add_path(), create_valuesscan_path(), and RelOptInfo::lateral_relids.

Referenced by set_rel_pathlist().

{
    Relids      required_outer;

    /*
     * We don't support pushing join clauses into the quals of a values scan,
     * but it could still have required parameterization due to LATERAL refs
     * in the values expressions.
     */
    required_outer = rel->lateral_relids;

    /* Generate appropriate path */
    add_path(rel, create_valuesscan_path(root, rel, required_outer));
}

set_worktable_pathlist()

static void set_worktable_pathlist ( PlannerInfo *  root, RelOptInfo *  rel, RangeTblEntry *  rte  )

static

Definition at line 2491 of file allpaths.c.

References add_path(), create_worktablescan_path(), RangeTblEntry::ctelevelsup, RangeTblEntry::ctename, elog, ERROR, RelOptInfo::lateral_relids, PlannerInfo::non_recursive_path, PlannerInfo::parent_root, Path::rows, and set_cte_size_estimates().

Referenced by set_rel_size().

{
    Path       *ctepath;
    PlannerInfo *cteroot;
    Index       levelsup;
    Relids      required_outer;

    /*
     * We need to find the non-recursive term's path, which is in the plan
     * level that's processing the recursive UNION, which is one level *below*
     * where the CTE comes from.
     */
    levelsup = rte->ctelevelsup;
    if (levelsup == 0)          /* shouldn't happen */
        elog(ERROR, "bad levelsup for CTE \"%s\"", rte->ctename);
    levelsup--;
    cteroot = root;
    while (levelsup-- > 0)
    {
        cteroot = cteroot->parent_root;
        if (!cteroot)           /* shouldn't happen */
            elog(ERROR, "bad levelsup for CTE \"%s\"", rte->ctename);
    }
    ctepath = cteroot->non_recursive_path;
    if (!ctepath)               /* shouldn't happen */
        elog(ERROR, "could not find path for CTE \"%s\"", rte->ctename);

    /* Mark rel with estimated output rows, width, etc */
    set_cte_size_estimates(root, rel, ctepath->rows);

    /*
     * We don't support pushing join clauses into the quals of a worktable
     * scan, but it could still have required parameterization due to LATERAL
     * refs in its tlist.  (I'm not sure this is actually possible given the
     * restrictions on recursive references, but it's easy enough to support.)
     */
    required_outer = rel->lateral_relids;

    /* Generate appropriate path */
    add_path(rel, create_worktablescan_path(root, rel, required_outer));
}

standard_join_search()

RelOptInfo* standard_join_search	(	PlannerInfo *	root,
		int	levels_needed,
		List *	initial_rels
	)

Definition at line 2711 of file allpaths.c.

References Assert, elog, ERROR, generate_gather_paths(), generate_partitionwise_join_paths(), PlannerInfo::join_rel_level, join_search_one_level(), lfirst, linitial, list_length(), NIL, palloc0(), and set_cheapest().

Referenced by make_rel_from_joinlist().

{
    int         lev;
    RelOptInfo *rel;

    /*
     * This function cannot be invoked recursively within any one planning
     * problem, so join_rel_level[] can't be in use already.
     */
    Assert(root->join_rel_level == NULL);

    /*
     * We employ a simple "dynamic programming" algorithm: we first find all
     * ways to build joins of two jointree items, then all ways to build joins
     * of three items (from two-item joins and single items), then four-item
     * joins, and so on until we have considered all ways to join all the
     * items into one rel.
     *
     * root->join_rel_level[j] is a list of all the j-item rels.  Initially we
     * set root->join_rel_level[1] to represent all the single-jointree-item
     * relations.
     */
    root->join_rel_level = (List **) palloc0((levels_needed + 1) * sizeof(List *));

    root->join_rel_level[1] = initial_rels;

    for (lev = 2; lev <= levels_needed; lev++)
    {
        ListCell   *lc;

        /*
         * Determine all possible pairs of relations to be joined at this
         * level, and build paths for making each one from every available
         * pair of lower-level relations.
         */
        join_search_one_level(root, lev);

        /*
         * Run generate_partitionwise_join_paths() and generate_gather_paths()
         * for each just-processed joinrel.  We could not do this earlier
         * because both regular and partial paths can get added to a
         * particular joinrel at multiple times within join_search_one_level.
         *
         * After that, we're done creating paths for the joinrel, so run
         * set_cheapest().
         */
        foreach(lc, root->join_rel_level[lev])
        {
            rel = (RelOptInfo *) lfirst(lc);

            /* Create paths for partitionwise joins. */
            generate_partitionwise_join_paths(root, rel);

            /*
             * Except for the topmost scan/join rel, consider gathering
             * partial paths.  We'll do the same for the topmost scan/join rel
             * once we know the final targetlist (see grouping_planner).
             */
            if (lev < levels_needed)
                generate_gather_paths(root, rel, false);

            /* Find and save the cheapest paths for this rel */
            set_cheapest(rel);

#ifdef OPTIMIZER_DEBUG
            debug_print_rel(root, rel);
#endif
        }
    }

    /*
     * We should have a single rel at the final level.
     */
    if (root->join_rel_level[levels_needed] == NIL)
        elog(ERROR, "failed to build any %d-way joins", levels_needed);
    Assert(list_length(root->join_rel_level[levels_needed]) == 1);

    rel = (RelOptInfo *) linitial(root->join_rel_level[levels_needed]);

    root->join_rel_level = NULL;

    return rel;
}

subquery_is_pushdown_safe()

static bool subquery_is_pushdown_safe ( Query *  subquery, Query *  topquery, pushdown_safety_info *  safetyInfo  )

static

Definition at line 2869 of file allpaths.c.

References Assert, castNode, check_output_expressions(), SetOperationStmt::colTypes, compare_tlist_datatypes(), Query::distinctClause, Query::hasTargetSRFs, Query::hasWindowFuncs, Query::limitCount, Query::limitOffset, recurse_pushdown_safe(), Query::setOperations, Query::targetList, and pushdown_safety_info::unsafeVolatile.

Referenced by recurse_pushdown_safe(), and set_subquery_pathlist().

{
    SetOperationStmt *topop;

    /* Check point 1 */
    if (subquery->limitOffset != NULL || subquery->limitCount != NULL)
        return false;

    /* Check points 3, 4, and 5 */
    if (subquery->distinctClause ||
        subquery->hasWindowFuncs ||
        subquery->hasTargetSRFs)
        safetyInfo->unsafeVolatile = true;

    /*
     * If we're at a leaf query, check for unsafe expressions in its target
     * list, and mark any unsafe ones in unsafeColumns[].  (Non-leaf nodes in
     * setop trees have only simple Vars in their tlists, so no need to check
     * them.)
     */
    if (subquery->setOperations == NULL)
        check_output_expressions(subquery, safetyInfo);

    /* Are we at top level, or looking at a setop component? */
    if (subquery == topquery)
    {
        /* Top level, so check any component queries */
        if (subquery->setOperations != NULL)
            if (!recurse_pushdown_safe(subquery->setOperations, topquery,
                                       safetyInfo))
                return false;
    }
    else
    {
        /* Setop component must not have more components (too weird) */
        if (subquery->setOperations != NULL)
            return false;
        /* Check whether setop component output types match top level */
        topop = castNode(SetOperationStmt, topquery->setOperations);
        Assert(topop);
        compare_tlist_datatypes(subquery->targetList,
                                topop->colTypes,
                                safetyInfo);
    }
    return true;
}

subquery_push_qual()

static void subquery_push_qual ( Query *  subquery, RangeTblEntry *  rte, Index  rti, Node *  qual  )

static

Definition at line 3208 of file allpaths.c.

References Query::groupClause, Query::groupingSets, Query::hasAggs, Query::hasSubLinks, Query::havingQual, Query::jointree, make_and_qual(), FromExpr::quals, recurse_push_qual(), REPLACEVARS_REPORT_ERROR, ReplaceVarsFromTargetList(), Query::setOperations, and Query::targetList.

Referenced by recurse_push_qual(), and set_subquery_pathlist().

{
    if (subquery->setOperations != NULL)
    {
        /* Recurse to push it separately to each component query */
        recurse_push_qual(subquery->setOperations, subquery,
                          rte, rti, qual);
    }
    else
    {
        /*
         * We need to replace Vars in the qual (which must refer to outputs of
         * the subquery) with copies of the subquery's targetlist expressions.
         * Note that at this point, any uplevel Vars in the qual should have
         * been replaced with Params, so they need no work.
         *
         * This step also ensures that when we are pushing into a setop tree,
         * each component query gets its own copy of the qual.
         */
        qual = ReplaceVarsFromTargetList(qual, rti, 0, rte,
                                         subquery->targetList,
                                         REPLACEVARS_REPORT_ERROR, 0,
                                         &subquery->hasSubLinks);

        /*
         * Now attach the qual to the proper place: normally WHERE, but if the
         * subquery uses grouping or aggregation, put it in HAVING (since the
         * qual really refers to the group-result rows).
         */
        if (subquery->hasAggs || subquery->groupClause || subquery->groupingSets || subquery->havingQual)
            subquery->havingQual = make_and_qual(subquery->havingQual, qual);
        else
            subquery->jointree->quals =
                make_and_qual(subquery->jointree->quals, qual);

        /*
         * We need not change the subquery's hasAggs or hasSubLinks flags,
         * since we can't be pushing down any aggregates that weren't there
         * before, and we don't push down subselects at all.
         */
    }
}

targetIsInAllPartitionLists()

static bool targetIsInAllPartitionLists ( TargetEntry *  tle, Query *  query  )

static

Definition at line 3089 of file allpaths.c.

References InvalidOid, lfirst, WindowClause::partitionClause, targetIsInSortList(), and Query::windowClause.

Referenced by check_output_expressions().

{
    ListCell   *lc;

    foreach(lc, query->windowClause)
    {
        WindowClause *wc = (WindowClause *) lfirst(lc);

        if (!targetIsInSortList(tle, InvalidOid, wc->partitionClause))
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

Variable Documentation

enable_geqo

bool enable_geqo = false

Definition at line 60 of file allpaths.c.

Referenced by make_rel_from_joinlist().

geqo_threshold

int geqo_threshold

Definition at line 61 of file allpaths.c.

Referenced by make_rel_from_joinlist().

join_search_hook

join_search_hook_type join_search_hook = NULL

Definition at line 69 of file allpaths.c.

Referenced by make_rel_from_joinlist().

min_parallel_index_scan_size

int min_parallel_index_scan_size

Definition at line 63 of file allpaths.c.

Referenced by compute_parallel_worker().

min_parallel_table_scan_size

int min_parallel_table_scan_size

Definition at line 62 of file allpaths.c.

Referenced by compute_parallel_worker().

set_rel_pathlist_hook

set_rel_pathlist_hook_type set_rel_pathlist_hook = NULL

Definition at line 66 of file allpaths.c.

Referenced by set_rel_pathlist().