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ri_triggers.c
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1 /* ----------
2  * ri_triggers.c
3  *
4  * Generic trigger procedures for referential integrity constraint
5  * checks.
6  *
7  * Note about memory management: the private hashtables kept here live
8  * across query and transaction boundaries, in fact they live as long as
9  * the backend does. This works because the hashtable structures
10  * themselves are allocated by dynahash.c in its permanent DynaHashCxt,
11  * and the SPI plans they point to are saved using SPI_keepplan().
12  * There is not currently any provision for throwing away a no-longer-needed
13  * plan --- consider improving this someday.
14  *
15  *
16  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2017, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
17  *
18  * src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
19  *
20  * ----------
21  */
22 
23 
24 /* ----------
25  * Internal TODO:
26  *
27  * Add MATCH PARTIAL logic.
28  * ----------
29  */
30 
31 #include "postgres.h"
32 
33 #include "access/htup_details.h"
34 #include "access/sysattr.h"
35 #include "access/xact.h"
36 #include "catalog/pg_collation.h"
37 #include "catalog/pg_constraint.h"
38 #include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
39 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
40 #include "commands/trigger.h"
41 #include "executor/executor.h"
42 #include "executor/spi.h"
43 #include "lib/ilist.h"
44 #include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
45 #include "parser/parse_relation.h"
46 #include "miscadmin.h"
47 #include "storage/bufmgr.h"
48 #include "utils/acl.h"
49 #include "utils/builtins.h"
50 #include "utils/fmgroids.h"
51 #include "utils/guc.h"
52 #include "utils/inval.h"
53 #include "utils/lsyscache.h"
54 #include "utils/memutils.h"
55 #include "utils/rel.h"
56 #include "utils/rls.h"
57 #include "utils/snapmgr.h"
58 #include "utils/syscache.h"
59 #include "utils/tqual.h"
60 
61 
62 /* ----------
63  * Local definitions
64  * ----------
65  */
66 
67 #define RI_MAX_NUMKEYS INDEX_MAX_KEYS
68 
69 #define RI_INIT_CONSTRAINTHASHSIZE 64
70 #define RI_INIT_QUERYHASHSIZE (RI_INIT_CONSTRAINTHASHSIZE * 4)
71 
72 #define RI_KEYS_ALL_NULL 0
73 #define RI_KEYS_SOME_NULL 1
74 #define RI_KEYS_NONE_NULL 2
75 
76 /* RI query type codes */
77 /* these queries are executed against the PK (referenced) table: */
78 #define RI_PLAN_CHECK_LOOKUPPK 1
79 #define RI_PLAN_CHECK_LOOKUPPK_FROM_PK 2
80 #define RI_PLAN_LAST_ON_PK RI_PLAN_CHECK_LOOKUPPK_FROM_PK
81 /* these queries are executed against the FK (referencing) table: */
82 #define RI_PLAN_CASCADE_DEL_DODELETE 3
83 #define RI_PLAN_CASCADE_UPD_DOUPDATE 4
84 #define RI_PLAN_RESTRICT_DEL_CHECKREF 5
85 #define RI_PLAN_RESTRICT_UPD_CHECKREF 6
86 #define RI_PLAN_SETNULL_DEL_DOUPDATE 7
87 #define RI_PLAN_SETNULL_UPD_DOUPDATE 8
88 #define RI_PLAN_SETDEFAULT_DEL_DOUPDATE 9
89 #define RI_PLAN_SETDEFAULT_UPD_DOUPDATE 10
90 
91 #define MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN (NAMEDATALEN*2+3)
92 #define MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN (MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN*2)
93 
94 #define RIAttName(rel, attnum) NameStr(*attnumAttName(rel, attnum))
95 #define RIAttType(rel, attnum) attnumTypeId(rel, attnum)
96 #define RIAttCollation(rel, attnum) attnumCollationId(rel, attnum)
97 
98 #define RI_TRIGTYPE_INSERT 1
99 #define RI_TRIGTYPE_UPDATE 2
100 #define RI_TRIGTYPE_DELETE 3
101 
102 
103 /* ----------
104  * RI_ConstraintInfo
105  *
106  * Information extracted from an FK pg_constraint entry. This is cached in
107  * ri_constraint_cache.
108  * ----------
109  */
110 typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
111 {
112  Oid constraint_id; /* OID of pg_constraint entry (hash key) */
113  bool valid; /* successfully initialized? */
114  uint32 oidHashValue; /* hash value of pg_constraint OID */
115  NameData conname; /* name of the FK constraint */
116  Oid pk_relid; /* referenced relation */
117  Oid fk_relid; /* referencing relation */
118  char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
119  char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
120  char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
121  int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
122  int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
123  int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
124  Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
125  Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
126  Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
127  dlist_node valid_link; /* Link in list of valid entries */
128 } RI_ConstraintInfo;
129 
130 
131 /* ----------
132  * RI_QueryKey
133  *
134  * The key identifying a prepared SPI plan in our query hashtable
135  * ----------
136  */
137 typedef struct RI_QueryKey
138 {
139  Oid constr_id; /* OID of pg_constraint entry */
140  int32 constr_queryno; /* query type ID, see RI_PLAN_XXX above */
141 } RI_QueryKey;
142 
143 
144 /* ----------
145  * RI_QueryHashEntry
146  * ----------
147  */
148 typedef struct RI_QueryHashEntry
149 {
150  RI_QueryKey key;
151  SPIPlanPtr plan;
152 } RI_QueryHashEntry;
153 
154 
155 /* ----------
156  * RI_CompareKey
157  *
158  * The key identifying an entry showing how to compare two values
159  * ----------
160  */
161 typedef struct RI_CompareKey
162 {
163  Oid eq_opr; /* the equality operator to apply */
164  Oid typeid; /* the data type to apply it to */
165 } RI_CompareKey;
166 
167 
168 /* ----------
169  * RI_CompareHashEntry
170  * ----------
171  */
172 typedef struct RI_CompareHashEntry
173 {
174  RI_CompareKey key;
175  bool valid; /* successfully initialized? */
176  FmgrInfo eq_opr_finfo; /* call info for equality fn */
177  FmgrInfo cast_func_finfo; /* in case we must coerce input */
178 } RI_CompareHashEntry;
179 
180 
181 /* ----------
182  * Local data
183  * ----------
184  */
185 static HTAB *ri_constraint_cache = NULL;
186 static HTAB *ri_query_cache = NULL;
187 static HTAB *ri_compare_cache = NULL;
188 static dlist_head ri_constraint_cache_valid_list;
189 static int ri_constraint_cache_valid_count = 0;
190 
191 
192 /* ----------
193  * Local function prototypes
194  * ----------
195  */
196 static bool ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
197  HeapTuple old_row,
198  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo);
199 static Datum ri_restrict_del(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action);
200 static Datum ri_restrict_upd(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action);
201 static void quoteOneName(char *buffer, const char *name);
202 static void quoteRelationName(char *buffer, Relation rel);
203 static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
204  const char *sep,
205  const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
206  Oid opoid,
207  const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
208 static void ri_add_cast_to(StringInfo buf, Oid typid);
209 static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
210 static int ri_NullCheck(HeapTuple tup,
211  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
212 static void ri_BuildQueryKey(RI_QueryKey *key,
213  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo,
214  int32 constr_queryno);
215 static bool ri_KeysEqual(Relation rel, HeapTuple oldtup, HeapTuple newtup,
216  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
217 static bool ri_AttributesEqual(Oid eq_opr, Oid typeid,
218  Datum oldvalue, Datum newvalue);
219 
220 static void ri_InitHashTables(void);
221 static void InvalidateConstraintCacheCallBack(Datum arg, int cacheid, uint32 hashvalue);
222 static SPIPlanPtr ri_FetchPreparedPlan(RI_QueryKey *key);
223 static void ri_HashPreparedPlan(RI_QueryKey *key, SPIPlanPtr plan);
224 static RI_CompareHashEntry *ri_HashCompareOp(Oid eq_opr, Oid typeid);
225 
226 static void ri_CheckTrigger(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *funcname,
227  int tgkind);
228 static const RI_ConstraintInfo *ri_FetchConstraintInfo(Trigger *trigger,
229  Relation trig_rel, bool rel_is_pk);
230 static const RI_ConstraintInfo *ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid);
231 static SPIPlanPtr ri_PlanCheck(const char *querystr, int nargs, Oid *argtypes,
232  RI_QueryKey *qkey, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel,
233  bool cache_plan);
234 static bool ri_PerformCheck(const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo,
235  RI_QueryKey *qkey, SPIPlanPtr qplan,
236  Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel,
237  HeapTuple old_tuple, HeapTuple new_tuple,
238  bool detectNewRows, int expect_OK);
239 static void ri_ExtractValues(Relation rel, HeapTuple tup,
240  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk,
241  Datum *vals, char *nulls);
242 static void ri_ReportViolation(const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo,
243  Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
244  HeapTuple violator, TupleDesc tupdesc,
245  int queryno, bool spi_err);
246 
247 
248 /* ----------
249  * RI_FKey_check -
250  *
251  * Check foreign key existence (combined for INSERT and UPDATE).
252  * ----------
253  */
254 static Datum
255 RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
256 {
257  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo;
258  Relation fk_rel;
259  Relation pk_rel;
260  HeapTuple new_row;
261  Buffer new_row_buf;
262  RI_QueryKey qkey;
263  SPIPlanPtr qplan;
264  int i;
265 
266  /*
267  * Get arguments.
268  */
269  riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigdata->tg_trigger,
270  trigdata->tg_relation, false);
271 
272  if (TRIGGER_FIRED_BY_UPDATE(trigdata->tg_event))
273  {
274  new_row = trigdata->tg_newtuple;
275  new_row_buf = trigdata->tg_newtuplebuf;
276  }
277  else
278  {
279  new_row = trigdata->tg_trigtuple;
280  new_row_buf = trigdata->tg_trigtuplebuf;
281  }
282 
283  /*
284  * We should not even consider checking the row if it is no longer valid,
285  * since it was either deleted (so the deferred check should be skipped)
286  * or updated (in which case only the latest version of the row should be
287  * checked). Test its liveness according to SnapshotSelf. We need pin
288  * and lock on the buffer to call HeapTupleSatisfiesVisibility. Caller
289  * should be holding pin, but not lock.
290  */
291  LockBuffer(new_row_buf, BUFFER_LOCK_SHARE);
292  if (!HeapTupleSatisfiesVisibility(new_row, SnapshotSelf, new_row_buf))
293  {
294  LockBuffer(new_row_buf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
295  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
296  }
297  LockBuffer(new_row_buf, BUFFER_LOCK_UNLOCK);
298 
299  /*
300  * Get the relation descriptors of the FK and PK tables.
301  *
302  * pk_rel is opened in RowShareLock mode since that's what our eventual
303  * SELECT FOR KEY SHARE will get on it.
304  */
305  fk_rel = trigdata->tg_relation;
306  pk_rel = heap_open(riinfo->pk_relid, RowShareLock);
307 
308  if (riinfo->confmatchtype == FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL)
309  ereport(ERROR,
310  (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
311  errmsg("MATCH PARTIAL not yet implemented")));
312 
313  switch (ri_NullCheck(new_row, riinfo, false))
314  {
315  case RI_KEYS_ALL_NULL:
316 
317  /*
318  * No further check needed - an all-NULL key passes every type of
319  * foreign key constraint.
320  */
321  heap_close(pk_rel, RowShareLock);
322  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
323 
324  case RI_KEYS_SOME_NULL:
325 
326  /*
327  * This is the only case that differs between the three kinds of
328  * MATCH.
329  */
330  switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
331  {
332  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_FULL:
333 
334  /*
335  * Not allowed - MATCH FULL says either all or none of the
336  * attributes can be NULLs
337  */
338  ereport(ERROR,
339  (errcode(ERRCODE_FOREIGN_KEY_VIOLATION),
340  errmsg("insert or update on table \"%s\" violates foreign key constraint \"%s\"",
341  RelationGetRelationName(fk_rel),
342  NameStr(riinfo->conname)),
343  errdetail("MATCH FULL does not allow mixing of null and nonnull key values."),
344  errtableconstraint(fk_rel,
345  NameStr(riinfo->conname))));
346  heap_close(pk_rel, RowShareLock);
347  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
348 
349  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
350 
351  /*
352  * MATCH SIMPLE - if ANY column is null, the key passes
353  * the constraint.
354  */
355  heap_close(pk_rel, RowShareLock);
356  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
357 
358  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL:
359 
360  /*
361  * MATCH PARTIAL - all non-null columns must match. (not
362  * implemented, can be done by modifying the query below
363  * to only include non-null columns, or by writing a
364  * special version here)
365  */
366  ereport(ERROR,
367  (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
368  errmsg("MATCH PARTIAL not yet implemented")));
369  heap_close(pk_rel, RowShareLock);
370  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
371 
372  default:
373  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized confmatchtype: %d",
374  riinfo->confmatchtype);
375  break;
376  }
377 
378  case RI_KEYS_NONE_NULL:
379 
380  /*
381  * Have a full qualified key - continue below for all three kinds
382  * of MATCH.
383  */
384  break;
385  }
386 
387  if (SPI_connect() != SPI_OK_CONNECT)
388  elog(ERROR, "SPI_connect failed");
389 
390  /*
391  * Fetch or prepare a saved plan for the real check
392  */
393  ri_BuildQueryKey(&qkey, riinfo, RI_PLAN_CHECK_LOOKUPPK);
394 
395  if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
396  {
397  StringInfoData querybuf;
398  char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
399  char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
400  char paramname[16];
401  const char *querysep;
402  Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
403 
404  /* ----------
405  * The query string built is
406  * SELECT 1 FROM ONLY <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
407  * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
408  * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
409  * corresponding FK attributes.
410  * ----------
411  */
412  initStringInfo(&querybuf);
413  quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
414  appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM ONLY %s x", pkrelname);
415  querysep = "WHERE";
416  for (i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
417  {
418  Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
419  Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
420 
421  quoteOneName(attname,
422  RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
423  sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
424  ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
425  attname, pk_type,
426  riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
427  paramname, fk_type);
428  querysep = "AND";
429  queryoids[i] = fk_type;
430  }
431  appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
432 
433  /* Prepare and save the plan */
434  qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
435  &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel, true);
436  }
437 
438  /*
439  * Now check that foreign key exists in PK table
440  */
441  ri_PerformCheck(riinfo, &qkey, qplan,
442  fk_rel, pk_rel,
443  NULL, new_row,
444  false,
445  SPI_OK_SELECT);
446 
447  if (SPI_finish() != SPI_OK_FINISH)
448  elog(ERROR, "SPI_finish failed");
449 
450  heap_close(pk_rel, RowShareLock);
451 
452  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
453 }
454 
455 
456 /* ----------
457  * RI_FKey_check_ins -
458  *
459  * Check foreign key existence at insert event on FK table.
460  * ----------
461  */
462 Datum
463 RI_FKey_check_ins(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
464 {
465  /*
466  * Check that this is a valid trigger call on the right time and event.
467  */
468  ri_CheckTrigger(fcinfo, "RI_FKey_check_ins", RI_TRIGTYPE_INSERT);
469 
470  /*
471  * Share code with UPDATE case.
472  */
473  return RI_FKey_check((TriggerData *) fcinfo->context);
474 }
475 
476 
477 /* ----------
478  * RI_FKey_check_upd -
479  *
480  * Check foreign key existence at update event on FK table.
481  * ----------
482  */
483 Datum
484 RI_FKey_check_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
485 {
486  /*
487  * Check that this is a valid trigger call on the right time and event.
488  */
489  ri_CheckTrigger(fcinfo, "RI_FKey_check_upd", RI_TRIGTYPE_UPDATE);
490 
491  /*
492  * Share code with INSERT case.
493  */
494  return RI_FKey_check((TriggerData *) fcinfo->context);
495 }
496 
497 
498 /* ----------
499  * ri_Check_Pk_Match
500  *
501  * Check to see if another PK row has been created that provides the same
502  * key values as the "old_row" that's been modified or deleted in our trigger
503  * event. Returns true if a match is found in the PK table.
504  *
505  * We assume the caller checked that the old_row contains no NULL key values,
506  * since otherwise a match is impossible.
507  * ----------
508  */
509 static bool
510 ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
511  HeapTuple old_row,
512  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo)
513 {
514  SPIPlanPtr qplan;
515  RI_QueryKey qkey;
516  int i;
517  bool result;
518 
519  /* Only called for non-null rows */
520  Assert(ri_NullCheck(old_row, riinfo, true) == RI_KEYS_NONE_NULL);
521 
522  if (SPI_connect() != SPI_OK_CONNECT)
523  elog(ERROR, "SPI_connect failed");
524 
525  /*
526  * Fetch or prepare a saved plan for checking PK table with values coming
527  * from a PK row
528  */
529  ri_BuildQueryKey(&qkey, riinfo, RI_PLAN_CHECK_LOOKUPPK_FROM_PK);
530 
531  if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
532  {
533  StringInfoData querybuf;
534  char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
535  char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
536  char paramname[16];
537  const char *querysep;
538  Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
539 
540  /* ----------
541  * The query string built is
542  * SELECT 1 FROM ONLY <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
543  * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
544  * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
545  * PK attributes themselves.
546  * ----------
547  */
548  initStringInfo(&querybuf);
549  quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
550  appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM ONLY %s x", pkrelname);
551  querysep = "WHERE";
552  for (i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
553  {
554  Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
555 
556  quoteOneName(attname,
557  RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
558  sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
559  ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
560  attname, pk_type,
561  riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
562  paramname, pk_type);
563  querysep = "AND";
564  queryoids[i] = pk_type;
565  }
566  appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
567 
568  /* Prepare and save the plan */
569  qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
570  &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel, true);
571  }
572 
573  /*
574  * We have a plan now. Run it.
575  */
576  result = ri_PerformCheck(riinfo, &qkey, qplan,
577  fk_rel, pk_rel,
578  old_row, NULL,
579  true, /* treat like update */
580  SPI_OK_SELECT);
581 
582  if (SPI_finish() != SPI_OK_FINISH)
583  elog(ERROR, "SPI_finish failed");
584 
585  return result;
586 }
587 
588 
589 /* ----------
590  * RI_FKey_noaction_del -
591  *
592  * Give an error and roll back the current transaction if the
593  * delete has resulted in a violation of the given referential
594  * integrity constraint.
595  * ----------
596  */
597 Datum
598 RI_FKey_noaction_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
599 {
600  /*
601  * Check that this is a valid trigger call on the right time and event.
602  */
603  ri_CheckTrigger(fcinfo, "RI_FKey_noaction_del", RI_TRIGTYPE_DELETE);
604 
605  /*
606  * Share code with RESTRICT case.
607  */
608  return ri_restrict_del((TriggerData *) fcinfo->context, true);
609 }
610 
611 /* ----------
612  * RI_FKey_restrict_del -
613  *
614  * Restrict delete from PK table to rows unreferenced by foreign key.
615  *
616  * The SQL standard intends that this referential action occur exactly when
617  * the delete is performed, rather than after. This appears to be
618  * the only difference between "NO ACTION" and "RESTRICT". In Postgres
619  * we still implement this as an AFTER trigger, but it's non-deferrable.
620  * ----------
621  */
622 Datum
623 RI_FKey_restrict_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
624 {
625  /*
626  * Check that this is a valid trigger call on the right time and event.
627  */
628  ri_CheckTrigger(fcinfo, "RI_FKey_restrict_del", RI_TRIGTYPE_DELETE);
629 
630  /*
631  * Share code with NO ACTION case.
632  */
633  return ri_restrict_del((TriggerData *) fcinfo->context, false);
634 }
635 
636 /* ----------
637  * ri_restrict_del -
638  *
639  * Common code for ON DELETE RESTRICT and ON DELETE NO ACTION.
640  * ----------
641  */
642 static Datum
643 ri_restrict_del(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
644 {
645  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo;
646  Relation fk_rel;
647  Relation pk_rel;
648  HeapTuple old_row;
649  RI_QueryKey qkey;
650  SPIPlanPtr qplan;
651  int i;
652 
653  /*
654  * Get arguments.
655  */
656  riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigdata->tg_trigger,
657  trigdata->tg_relation, true);
658 
659  /*
660  * Get the relation descriptors of the FK and PK tables and the old tuple.
661  *
662  * fk_rel is opened in RowShareLock mode since that's what our eventual
663  * SELECT FOR KEY SHARE will get on it.
664  */
665  fk_rel = heap_open(riinfo->fk_relid, RowShareLock);
666  pk_rel = trigdata->tg_relation;
667  old_row = trigdata->tg_trigtuple;
668 
669  switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
670  {
671  /* ----------
672  * SQL:2008 15.17 <Execution of referential actions>
673  * General rules 9) a) iv):
674  * MATCH SIMPLE/FULL
675  * ... ON DELETE RESTRICT
676  * ----------
677  */
678  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
679  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_FULL:
680  switch (ri_NullCheck(old_row, riinfo, true))
681  {
682  case RI_KEYS_ALL_NULL:
683  case RI_KEYS_SOME_NULL:
684 
685  /*
686  * No check needed - there cannot be any reference to old
687  * key if it contains a NULL
688  */
689  heap_close(fk_rel, RowShareLock);
690  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
691 
692  case RI_KEYS_NONE_NULL:
693 
694  /*
695  * Have a full qualified key - continue below
696  */
697  break;
698  }
699 
700  /*
701  * If another PK row now exists providing the old key values, we
702  * should not do anything. However, this check should only be
703  * made in the NO ACTION case; in RESTRICT cases we don't wish to
704  * allow another row to be substituted.
705  */
706  if (is_no_action &&
707  ri_Check_Pk_Match(pk_rel, fk_rel, old_row, riinfo))
708  {
709  heap_close(fk_rel, RowShareLock);
710  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
711  }
712 
713  if (SPI_connect() != SPI_OK_CONNECT)
714  elog(ERROR, "SPI_connect failed");
715 
716  /*
717  * Fetch or prepare a saved plan for the restrict delete lookup
718  */
719  ri_BuildQueryKey(&qkey, riinfo, RI_PLAN_RESTRICT_DEL_CHECKREF);
720 
721  if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
722  {
723  StringInfoData querybuf;
724  char fkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
725  char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
726  char paramname[16];
727  const char *querysep;
728  Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
729 
730  /* ----------
731  * The query string built is
732  * SELECT 1 FROM ONLY <fktable> x WHERE $1 = fkatt1 [AND ...]
733  * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
734  * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
735  * corresponding PK attributes.
736  * ----------
737  */
738  initStringInfo(&querybuf);
739  quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
740  appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM ONLY %s x",
741  fkrelname);
742  querysep = "WHERE";
743  for (i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
744  {
745  Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
746  Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
747 
748  quoteOneName(attname,
749  RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
750  sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
751  ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
752  paramname, pk_type,
753  riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
754  attname, fk_type);
755  querysep = "AND";
756  queryoids[i] = pk_type;
757  }
758  appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
759 
760  /* Prepare and save the plan */
761  qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
762  &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel, true);
763  }
764 
765  /*
766  * We have a plan now. Run it to check for existing references.
767  */
768  ri_PerformCheck(riinfo, &qkey, qplan,
769  fk_rel, pk_rel,
770  old_row, NULL,
771  true, /* must detect new rows */
772  SPI_OK_SELECT);
773 
774  if (SPI_finish() != SPI_OK_FINISH)
775  elog(ERROR, "SPI_finish failed");
776 
777  heap_close(fk_rel, RowShareLock);
778 
779  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
780 
781  /*
782  * Handle MATCH PARTIAL restrict delete.
783  */
784  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL:
785  ereport(ERROR,
786  (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
787  errmsg("MATCH PARTIAL not yet implemented")));
788  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
789 
790  default:
791  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized confmatchtype: %d",
792  riinfo->confmatchtype);
793  break;
794  }
795 
796  /* Never reached */
797  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
798 }
799 
800 
801 /* ----------
802  * RI_FKey_noaction_upd -
803  *
804  * Give an error and roll back the current transaction if the
805  * update has resulted in a violation of the given referential
806  * integrity constraint.
807  * ----------
808  */
809 Datum
810 RI_FKey_noaction_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
811 {
812  /*
813  * Check that this is a valid trigger call on the right time and event.
814  */
815  ri_CheckTrigger(fcinfo, "RI_FKey_noaction_upd", RI_TRIGTYPE_UPDATE);
816 
817  /*
818  * Share code with RESTRICT case.
819  */
820  return ri_restrict_upd((TriggerData *) fcinfo->context, true);
821 }
822 
823 /* ----------
824  * RI_FKey_restrict_upd -
825  *
826  * Restrict update of PK to rows unreferenced by foreign key.
827  *
828  * The SQL standard intends that this referential action occur exactly when
829  * the update is performed, rather than after. This appears to be
830  * the only difference between "NO ACTION" and "RESTRICT". In Postgres
831  * we still implement this as an AFTER trigger, but it's non-deferrable.
832  * ----------
833  */
834 Datum
835 RI_FKey_restrict_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
836 {
837  /*
838  * Check that this is a valid trigger call on the right time and event.
839  */
840  ri_CheckTrigger(fcinfo, "RI_FKey_restrict_upd", RI_TRIGTYPE_UPDATE);
841 
842  /*
843  * Share code with NO ACTION case.
844  */
845  return ri_restrict_upd((TriggerData *) fcinfo->context, false);
846 }
847 
848 /* ----------
849  * ri_restrict_upd -
850  *
851  * Common code for ON UPDATE RESTRICT and ON UPDATE NO ACTION.
852  * ----------
853  */
854 static Datum
855 ri_restrict_upd(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
856 {
857  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo;
858  Relation fk_rel;
859  Relation pk_rel;
860  HeapTuple new_row;
861  HeapTuple old_row;
862  RI_QueryKey qkey;
863  SPIPlanPtr qplan;
864  int i;
865 
866  /*
867  * Get arguments.
868  */
869  riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigdata->tg_trigger,
870  trigdata->tg_relation, true);
871 
872  /*
873  * Get the relation descriptors of the FK and PK tables and the new and
874  * old tuple.
875  *
876  * fk_rel is opened in RowShareLock mode since that's what our eventual
877  * SELECT FOR KEY SHARE will get on it.
878  */
879  fk_rel = heap_open(riinfo->fk_relid, RowShareLock);
880  pk_rel = trigdata->tg_relation;
881  new_row = trigdata->tg_newtuple;
882  old_row = trigdata->tg_trigtuple;
883 
884  switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
885  {
886  /* ----------
887  * SQL:2008 15.17 <Execution of referential actions>
888  * General rules 10) a) iv):
889  * MATCH SIMPLE/FULL
890  * ... ON UPDATE RESTRICT
891  * ----------
892  */
893  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
894  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_FULL:
895  switch (ri_NullCheck(old_row, riinfo, true))
896  {
897  case RI_KEYS_ALL_NULL:
898  case RI_KEYS_SOME_NULL:
899 
900  /*
901  * No check needed - there cannot be any reference to old
902  * key if it contains a NULL
903  */
904  heap_close(fk_rel, RowShareLock);
905  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
906 
907  case RI_KEYS_NONE_NULL:
908 
909  /*
910  * Have a full qualified key - continue below
911  */
912  break;
913  }
914 
915  /*
916  * No need to check anything if old and new keys are equal
917  */
918  if (ri_KeysEqual(pk_rel, old_row, new_row, riinfo, true))
919  {
920  heap_close(fk_rel, RowShareLock);
921  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
922  }
923 
924  /*
925  * If another PK row now exists providing the old key values, we
926  * should not do anything. However, this check should only be
927  * made in the NO ACTION case; in RESTRICT cases we don't wish to
928  * allow another row to be substituted.
929  */
930  if (is_no_action &&
931  ri_Check_Pk_Match(pk_rel, fk_rel, old_row, riinfo))
932  {
933  heap_close(fk_rel, RowShareLock);
934  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
935  }
936 
937  if (SPI_connect() != SPI_OK_CONNECT)
938  elog(ERROR, "SPI_connect failed");
939 
940  /*
941  * Fetch or prepare a saved plan for the restrict update lookup
942  */
943  ri_BuildQueryKey(&qkey, riinfo, RI_PLAN_RESTRICT_UPD_CHECKREF);
944 
945  if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
946  {
947  StringInfoData querybuf;
948  char fkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
949  char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
950  char paramname[16];
951  const char *querysep;
952  Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
953 
954  /* ----------
955  * The query string built is
956  * SELECT 1 FROM ONLY <fktable> WHERE $1 = fkatt1 [AND ...]
957  * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
958  * corresponding PK attributes.
959  * ----------
960  */
961  initStringInfo(&querybuf);
962  quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
963  appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM ONLY %s x",
964  fkrelname);
965  querysep = "WHERE";
966  for (i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
967  {
968  Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
969  Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
970 
971  quoteOneName(attname,
972  RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
973  sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
974  ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
975  paramname, pk_type,
976  riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
977  attname, fk_type);
978  querysep = "AND";
979  queryoids[i] = pk_type;
980  }
981  appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
982 
983  /* Prepare and save the plan */
984  qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
985  &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel, true);
986  }
987 
988  /*
989  * We have a plan now. Run it to check for existing references.
990  */
991  ri_PerformCheck(riinfo, &qkey, qplan,
992  fk_rel, pk_rel,
993  old_row, NULL,
994  true, /* must detect new rows */
995  SPI_OK_SELECT);
996 
997  if (SPI_finish() != SPI_OK_FINISH)
998  elog(ERROR, "SPI_finish failed");
999 
1000  heap_close(fk_rel, RowShareLock);
1001 
1002  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1003 
1004  /*
1005  * Handle MATCH PARTIAL restrict update.
1006  */
1007  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL:
1008  ereport(ERROR,
1009  (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
1010  errmsg("MATCH PARTIAL not yet implemented")));
1011  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1012 
1013  default:
1014  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized confmatchtype: %d",
1015  riinfo->confmatchtype);
1016  break;
1017  }
1018 
1019  /* Never reached */
1020  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1021 }
1022 
1023 
1024 /* ----------
1025  * RI_FKey_cascade_del -
1026  *
1027  * Cascaded delete foreign key references at delete event on PK table.
1028  * ----------
1029  */
1030 Datum
1031 RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
1032 {
1033  TriggerData *trigdata = (TriggerData *) fcinfo->context;
1034  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo;
1035  Relation fk_rel;
1036  Relation pk_rel;
1037  HeapTuple old_row;
1038  RI_QueryKey qkey;
1039  SPIPlanPtr qplan;
1040  int i;
1041 
1042  /*
1043  * Check that this is a valid trigger call on the right time and event.
1044  */
1045  ri_CheckTrigger(fcinfo, "RI_FKey_cascade_del", RI_TRIGTYPE_DELETE);
1046 
1047  /*
1048  * Get arguments.
1049  */
1050  riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigdata->tg_trigger,
1051  trigdata->tg_relation, true);
1052 
1053  /*
1054  * Get the relation descriptors of the FK and PK tables and the old tuple.
1055  *
1056  * fk_rel is opened in RowExclusiveLock mode since that's what our
1057  * eventual DELETE will get on it.
1058  */
1059  fk_rel = heap_open(riinfo->fk_relid, RowExclusiveLock);
1060  pk_rel = trigdata->tg_relation;
1061  old_row = trigdata->tg_trigtuple;
1062 
1063  switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
1064  {
1065  /* ----------
1066  * SQL:2008 15.17 <Execution of referential actions>
1067  * General rules 9) a) i):
1068  * MATCH SIMPLE/FULL
1069  * ... ON DELETE CASCADE
1070  * ----------
1071  */
1072  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
1073  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_FULL:
1074  switch (ri_NullCheck(old_row, riinfo, true))
1075  {
1076  case RI_KEYS_ALL_NULL:
1077  case RI_KEYS_SOME_NULL:
1078 
1079  /*
1080  * No check needed - there cannot be any reference to old
1081  * key if it contains a NULL
1082  */
1083  heap_close(fk_rel, RowExclusiveLock);
1084  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1085 
1086  case RI_KEYS_NONE_NULL:
1087 
1088  /*
1089  * Have a full qualified key - continue below
1090  */
1091  break;
1092  }
1093 
1094  if (SPI_connect() != SPI_OK_CONNECT)
1095  elog(ERROR, "SPI_connect failed");
1096 
1097  /*
1098  * Fetch or prepare a saved plan for the cascaded delete
1099  */
1100  ri_BuildQueryKey(&qkey, riinfo, RI_PLAN_CASCADE_DEL_DODELETE);
1101 
1102  if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
1103  {
1104  StringInfoData querybuf;
1105  char fkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
1106  char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
1107  char paramname[16];
1108  const char *querysep;
1109  Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
1110 
1111  /* ----------
1112  * The query string built is
1113  * DELETE FROM ONLY <fktable> WHERE $1 = fkatt1 [AND ...]
1114  * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
1115  * corresponding PK attributes.
1116  * ----------
1117  */
1118  initStringInfo(&querybuf);
1119  quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
1120  appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "DELETE FROM ONLY %s", fkrelname);
1121  querysep = "WHERE";
1122  for (i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
1123  {
1124  Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
1125  Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
1126 
1127  quoteOneName(attname,
1128  RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
1129  sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
1130  ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
1131  paramname, pk_type,
1132  riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
1133  attname, fk_type);
1134  querysep = "AND";
1135  queryoids[i] = pk_type;
1136  }
1137 
1138  /* Prepare and save the plan */
1139  qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
1140  &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel, true);
1141  }
1142 
1143  /*
1144  * We have a plan now. Build up the arguments from the key values
1145  * in the deleted PK tuple and delete the referencing rows
1146  */
1147  ri_PerformCheck(riinfo, &qkey, qplan,
1148  fk_rel, pk_rel,
1149  old_row, NULL,
1150  true, /* must detect new rows */
1151  SPI_OK_DELETE);
1152 
1153  if (SPI_finish() != SPI_OK_FINISH)
1154  elog(ERROR, "SPI_finish failed");
1155 
1156  heap_close(fk_rel, RowExclusiveLock);
1157 
1158  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1159 
1160  /*
1161  * Handle MATCH PARTIAL cascaded delete.
1162  */
1163  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL:
1164  ereport(ERROR,
1165  (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
1166  errmsg("MATCH PARTIAL not yet implemented")));
1167  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1168 
1169  default:
1170  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized confmatchtype: %d",
1171  riinfo->confmatchtype);
1172  break;
1173  }
1174 
1175  /* Never reached */
1176  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1177 }
1178 
1179 
1180 /* ----------
1181  * RI_FKey_cascade_upd -
1182  *
1183  * Cascaded update foreign key references at update event on PK table.
1184  * ----------
1185  */
1186 Datum
1187 RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
1188 {
1189  TriggerData *trigdata = (TriggerData *) fcinfo->context;
1190  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo;
1191  Relation fk_rel;
1192  Relation pk_rel;
1193  HeapTuple new_row;
1194  HeapTuple old_row;
1195  RI_QueryKey qkey;
1196  SPIPlanPtr qplan;
1197  int i;
1198  int j;
1199 
1200  /*
1201  * Check that this is a valid trigger call on the right time and event.
1202  */
1203  ri_CheckTrigger(fcinfo, "RI_FKey_cascade_upd", RI_TRIGTYPE_UPDATE);
1204 
1205  /*
1206  * Get arguments.
1207  */
1208  riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigdata->tg_trigger,
1209  trigdata->tg_relation, true);
1210 
1211  /*
1212  * Get the relation descriptors of the FK and PK tables and the new and
1213  * old tuple.
1214  *
1215  * fk_rel is opened in RowExclusiveLock mode since that's what our
1216  * eventual UPDATE will get on it.
1217  */
1218  fk_rel = heap_open(riinfo->fk_relid, RowExclusiveLock);
1219  pk_rel = trigdata->tg_relation;
1220  new_row = trigdata->tg_newtuple;
1221  old_row = trigdata->tg_trigtuple;
1222 
1223  switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
1224  {
1225  /* ----------
1226  * SQL:2008 15.17 <Execution of referential actions>
1227  * General rules 10) a) i):
1228  * MATCH SIMPLE/FULL
1229  * ... ON UPDATE CASCADE
1230  * ----------
1231  */
1232  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
1233  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_FULL:
1234  switch (ri_NullCheck(old_row, riinfo, true))
1235  {
1236  case RI_KEYS_ALL_NULL:
1237  case RI_KEYS_SOME_NULL:
1238 
1239  /*
1240  * No check needed - there cannot be any reference to old
1241  * key if it contains a NULL
1242  */
1243  heap_close(fk_rel, RowExclusiveLock);
1244  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1245 
1246  case RI_KEYS_NONE_NULL:
1247 
1248  /*
1249  * Have a full qualified key - continue below
1250  */
1251  break;
1252  }
1253 
1254  /*
1255  * No need to do anything if old and new keys are equal
1256  */
1257  if (ri_KeysEqual(pk_rel, old_row, new_row, riinfo, true))
1258  {
1259  heap_close(fk_rel, RowExclusiveLock);
1260  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1261  }
1262 
1263  if (SPI_connect() != SPI_OK_CONNECT)
1264  elog(ERROR, "SPI_connect failed");
1265 
1266  /*
1267  * Fetch or prepare a saved plan for the cascaded update
1268  */
1269  ri_BuildQueryKey(&qkey, riinfo, RI_PLAN_CASCADE_UPD_DOUPDATE);
1270 
1271  if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
1272  {
1273  StringInfoData querybuf;
1274  StringInfoData qualbuf;
1275  char fkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
1276  char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
1277  char paramname[16];
1278  const char *querysep;
1279  const char *qualsep;
1280  Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS * 2];
1281 
1282  /* ----------
1283  * The query string built is
1284  * UPDATE ONLY <fktable> SET fkatt1 = $1 [, ...]
1285  * WHERE $n = fkatt1 [AND ...]
1286  * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
1287  * corresponding PK attributes. Note that we are assuming
1288  * there is an assignment cast from the PK to the FK type;
1289  * else the parser will fail.
1290  * ----------
1291  */
1292  initStringInfo(&querybuf);
1293  initStringInfo(&qualbuf);
1294  quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
1295  appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "UPDATE ONLY %s SET", fkrelname);
1296  querysep = "";
1297  qualsep = "WHERE";
1298  for (i = 0, j = riinfo->nkeys; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++, j++)
1299  {
1300  Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
1301  Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
1302 
1303  quoteOneName(attname,
1304  RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
1305  appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
1306  "%s %s = $%d",
1307  querysep, attname, i + 1);
1308  sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
1309  ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
1310  paramname, pk_type,
1311  riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
1312  attname, fk_type);
1313  querysep = ",";
1314  qualsep = "AND";
1315  queryoids[i] = pk_type;
1316  queryoids[j] = pk_type;
1317  }
1318  appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, qualbuf.data);
1319 
1320  /* Prepare and save the plan */
1321  qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys * 2, queryoids,
1322  &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel, true);
1323  }
1324 
1325  /*
1326  * We have a plan now. Run it to update the existing references.
1327  */
1328  ri_PerformCheck(riinfo, &qkey, qplan,
1329  fk_rel, pk_rel,
1330  old_row, new_row,
1331  true, /* must detect new rows */
1332  SPI_OK_UPDATE);
1333 
1334  if (SPI_finish() != SPI_OK_FINISH)
1335  elog(ERROR, "SPI_finish failed");
1336 
1337  heap_close(fk_rel, RowExclusiveLock);
1338 
1339  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1340 
1341  /*
1342  * Handle MATCH PARTIAL cascade update.
1343  */
1344  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL:
1345  ereport(ERROR,
1346  (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
1347  errmsg("MATCH PARTIAL not yet implemented")));
1348  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1349 
1350  default:
1351  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized confmatchtype: %d",
1352  riinfo->confmatchtype);
1353  break;
1354  }
1355 
1356  /* Never reached */
1357  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1358 }
1359 
1360 
1361 /* ----------
1362  * RI_FKey_setnull_del -
1363  *
1364  * Set foreign key references to NULL values at delete event on PK table.
1365  * ----------
1366  */
1367 Datum
1368 RI_FKey_setnull_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
1369 {
1370  TriggerData *trigdata = (TriggerData *) fcinfo->context;
1371  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo;
1372  Relation fk_rel;
1373  Relation pk_rel;
1374  HeapTuple old_row;
1375  RI_QueryKey qkey;
1376  SPIPlanPtr qplan;
1377  int i;
1378 
1379  /*
1380  * Check that this is a valid trigger call on the right time and event.
1381  */
1382  ri_CheckTrigger(fcinfo, "RI_FKey_setnull_del", RI_TRIGTYPE_DELETE);
1383 
1384  /*
1385  * Get arguments.
1386  */
1387  riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigdata->tg_trigger,
1388  trigdata->tg_relation, true);
1389 
1390  /*
1391  * Get the relation descriptors of the FK and PK tables and the old tuple.
1392  *
1393  * fk_rel is opened in RowExclusiveLock mode since that's what our
1394  * eventual UPDATE will get on it.
1395  */
1396  fk_rel = heap_open(riinfo->fk_relid, RowExclusiveLock);
1397  pk_rel = trigdata->tg_relation;
1398  old_row = trigdata->tg_trigtuple;
1399 
1400  switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
1401  {
1402  /* ----------
1403  * SQL:2008 15.17 <Execution of referential actions>
1404  * General rules 9) a) ii):
1405  * MATCH SIMPLE/FULL
1406  * ... ON DELETE SET NULL
1407  * ----------
1408  */
1409  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
1410  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_FULL:
1411  switch (ri_NullCheck(old_row, riinfo, true))
1412  {
1413  case RI_KEYS_ALL_NULL:
1414  case RI_KEYS_SOME_NULL:
1415 
1416  /*
1417  * No check needed - there cannot be any reference to old
1418  * key if it contains a NULL
1419  */
1420  heap_close(fk_rel, RowExclusiveLock);
1421  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1422 
1423  case RI_KEYS_NONE_NULL:
1424 
1425  /*
1426  * Have a full qualified key - continue below
1427  */
1428  break;
1429  }
1430 
1431  if (SPI_connect() != SPI_OK_CONNECT)
1432  elog(ERROR, "SPI_connect failed");
1433 
1434  /*
1435  * Fetch or prepare a saved plan for the set null delete operation
1436  */
1437  ri_BuildQueryKey(&qkey, riinfo, RI_PLAN_SETNULL_DEL_DOUPDATE);
1438 
1439  if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
1440  {
1441  StringInfoData querybuf;
1442  StringInfoData qualbuf;
1443  char fkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
1444  char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
1445  char paramname[16];
1446  const char *querysep;
1447  const char *qualsep;
1448  Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
1449 
1450  /* ----------
1451  * The query string built is
1452  * UPDATE ONLY <fktable> SET fkatt1 = NULL [, ...]
1453  * WHERE $1 = fkatt1 [AND ...]
1454  * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
1455  * corresponding PK attributes.
1456  * ----------
1457  */
1458  initStringInfo(&querybuf);
1459  initStringInfo(&qualbuf);
1460  quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
1461  appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "UPDATE ONLY %s SET", fkrelname);
1462  querysep = "";
1463  qualsep = "WHERE";
1464  for (i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
1465  {
1466  Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
1467  Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
1468 
1469  quoteOneName(attname,
1470  RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
1471  appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
1472  "%s %s = NULL",
1473  querysep, attname);
1474  sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
1475  ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
1476  paramname, pk_type,
1477  riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
1478  attname, fk_type);
1479  querysep = ",";
1480  qualsep = "AND";
1481  queryoids[i] = pk_type;
1482  }
1483  appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, qualbuf.data);
1484 
1485  /* Prepare and save the plan */
1486  qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
1487  &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel, true);
1488  }
1489 
1490  /*
1491  * We have a plan now. Run it to check for existing references.
1492  */
1493  ri_PerformCheck(riinfo, &qkey, qplan,
1494  fk_rel, pk_rel,
1495  old_row, NULL,
1496  true, /* must detect new rows */
1497  SPI_OK_UPDATE);
1498 
1499  if (SPI_finish() != SPI_OK_FINISH)
1500  elog(ERROR, "SPI_finish failed");
1501 
1502  heap_close(fk_rel, RowExclusiveLock);
1503 
1504  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1505 
1506  /*
1507  * Handle MATCH PARTIAL set null delete.
1508  */
1509  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL:
1510  ereport(ERROR,
1511  (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
1512  errmsg("MATCH PARTIAL not yet implemented")));
1513  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1514 
1515  default:
1516  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized confmatchtype: %d",
1517  riinfo->confmatchtype);
1518  break;
1519  }
1520 
1521  /* Never reached */
1522  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1523 }
1524 
1525 
1526 /* ----------
1527  * RI_FKey_setnull_upd -
1528  *
1529  * Set foreign key references to NULL at update event on PK table.
1530  * ----------
1531  */
1532 Datum
1533 RI_FKey_setnull_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
1534 {
1535  TriggerData *trigdata = (TriggerData *) fcinfo->context;
1536  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo;
1537  Relation fk_rel;
1538  Relation pk_rel;
1539  HeapTuple new_row;
1540  HeapTuple old_row;
1541  RI_QueryKey qkey;
1542  SPIPlanPtr qplan;
1543  int i;
1544 
1545  /*
1546  * Check that this is a valid trigger call on the right time and event.
1547  */
1548  ri_CheckTrigger(fcinfo, "RI_FKey_setnull_upd", RI_TRIGTYPE_UPDATE);
1549 
1550  /*
1551  * Get arguments.
1552  */
1553  riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigdata->tg_trigger,
1554  trigdata->tg_relation, true);
1555 
1556  /*
1557  * Get the relation descriptors of the FK and PK tables and the old tuple.
1558  *
1559  * fk_rel is opened in RowExclusiveLock mode since that's what our
1560  * eventual UPDATE will get on it.
1561  */
1562  fk_rel = heap_open(riinfo->fk_relid, RowExclusiveLock);
1563  pk_rel = trigdata->tg_relation;
1564  new_row = trigdata->tg_newtuple;
1565  old_row = trigdata->tg_trigtuple;
1566 
1567  switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
1568  {
1569  /* ----------
1570  * SQL:2008 15.17 <Execution of referential actions>
1571  * General rules 10) a) ii):
1572  * MATCH SIMPLE/FULL
1573  * ... ON UPDATE SET NULL
1574  * ----------
1575  */
1576  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
1577  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_FULL:
1578  switch (ri_NullCheck(old_row, riinfo, true))
1579  {
1580  case RI_KEYS_ALL_NULL:
1581  case RI_KEYS_SOME_NULL:
1582 
1583  /*
1584  * No check needed - there cannot be any reference to old
1585  * key if it contains a NULL
1586  */
1587  heap_close(fk_rel, RowExclusiveLock);
1588  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1589 
1590  case RI_KEYS_NONE_NULL:
1591 
1592  /*
1593  * Have a full qualified key - continue below
1594  */
1595  break;
1596  }
1597 
1598  /*
1599  * No need to do anything if old and new keys are equal
1600  */
1601  if (ri_KeysEqual(pk_rel, old_row, new_row, riinfo, true))
1602  {
1603  heap_close(fk_rel, RowExclusiveLock);
1604  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1605  }
1606 
1607  if (SPI_connect() != SPI_OK_CONNECT)
1608  elog(ERROR, "SPI_connect failed");
1609 
1610  /*
1611  * Fetch or prepare a saved plan for the set null update operation
1612  */
1613  ri_BuildQueryKey(&qkey, riinfo, RI_PLAN_SETNULL_UPD_DOUPDATE);
1614 
1615  if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
1616  {
1617  StringInfoData querybuf;
1618  StringInfoData qualbuf;
1619  char fkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
1620  char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
1621  char paramname[16];
1622  const char *querysep;
1623  const char *qualsep;
1624  Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
1625 
1626  /* ----------
1627  * The query string built is
1628  * UPDATE ONLY <fktable> SET fkatt1 = NULL [, ...]
1629  * WHERE $1 = fkatt1 [AND ...]
1630  * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
1631  * corresponding PK attributes.
1632  * ----------
1633  */
1634  initStringInfo(&querybuf);
1635  initStringInfo(&qualbuf);
1636  quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
1637  appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "UPDATE ONLY %s SET", fkrelname);
1638  querysep = "";
1639  qualsep = "WHERE";
1640  for (i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
1641  {
1642  Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
1643  Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
1644 
1645  quoteOneName(attname,
1646  RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
1647  appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
1648  "%s %s = NULL",
1649  querysep, attname);
1650  sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
1651  ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
1652  paramname, pk_type,
1653  riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
1654  attname, fk_type);
1655  querysep = ",";
1656  qualsep = "AND";
1657  queryoids[i] = pk_type;
1658  }
1659  appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, qualbuf.data);
1660 
1661  /* Prepare and save the plan */
1662  qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
1663  &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel, true);
1664  }
1665 
1666  /*
1667  * We have a plan now. Run it to update the existing references.
1668  */
1669  ri_PerformCheck(riinfo, &qkey, qplan,
1670  fk_rel, pk_rel,
1671  old_row, NULL,
1672  true, /* must detect new rows */
1673  SPI_OK_UPDATE);
1674 
1675  if (SPI_finish() != SPI_OK_FINISH)
1676  elog(ERROR, "SPI_finish failed");
1677 
1678  heap_close(fk_rel, RowExclusiveLock);
1679 
1680  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1681 
1682  /*
1683  * Handle MATCH PARTIAL set null update.
1684  */
1685  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL:
1686  ereport(ERROR,
1687  (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
1688  errmsg("MATCH PARTIAL not yet implemented")));
1689  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1690 
1691  default:
1692  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized confmatchtype: %d",
1693  riinfo->confmatchtype);
1694  break;
1695  }
1696 
1697  /* Never reached */
1698  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1699 }
1700 
1701 
1702 /* ----------
1703  * RI_FKey_setdefault_del -
1704  *
1705  * Set foreign key references to defaults at delete event on PK table.
1706  * ----------
1707  */
1708 Datum
1709 RI_FKey_setdefault_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
1710 {
1711  TriggerData *trigdata = (TriggerData *) fcinfo->context;
1712  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo;
1713  Relation fk_rel;
1714  Relation pk_rel;
1715  HeapTuple old_row;
1716  RI_QueryKey qkey;
1717  SPIPlanPtr qplan;
1718 
1719  /*
1720  * Check that this is a valid trigger call on the right time and event.
1721  */
1722  ri_CheckTrigger(fcinfo, "RI_FKey_setdefault_del", RI_TRIGTYPE_DELETE);
1723 
1724  /*
1725  * Get arguments.
1726  */
1727  riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigdata->tg_trigger,
1728  trigdata->tg_relation, true);
1729 
1730  /*
1731  * Get the relation descriptors of the FK and PK tables and the old tuple.
1732  *
1733  * fk_rel is opened in RowExclusiveLock mode since that's what our
1734  * eventual UPDATE will get on it.
1735  */
1736  fk_rel = heap_open(riinfo->fk_relid, RowExclusiveLock);
1737  pk_rel = trigdata->tg_relation;
1738  old_row = trigdata->tg_trigtuple;
1739 
1740  switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
1741  {
1742  /* ----------
1743  * SQL:2008 15.17 <Execution of referential actions>
1744  * General rules 9) a) iii):
1745  * MATCH SIMPLE/FULL
1746  * ... ON DELETE SET DEFAULT
1747  * ----------
1748  */
1749  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
1750  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_FULL:
1751  switch (ri_NullCheck(old_row, riinfo, true))
1752  {
1753  case RI_KEYS_ALL_NULL:
1754  case RI_KEYS_SOME_NULL:
1755 
1756  /*
1757  * No check needed - there cannot be any reference to old
1758  * key if it contains a NULL
1759  */
1760  heap_close(fk_rel, RowExclusiveLock);
1761  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1762 
1763  case RI_KEYS_NONE_NULL:
1764 
1765  /*
1766  * Have a full qualified key - continue below
1767  */
1768  break;
1769  }
1770 
1771  if (SPI_connect() != SPI_OK_CONNECT)
1772  elog(ERROR, "SPI_connect failed");
1773 
1774  /*
1775  * Fetch or prepare a saved plan for the set default delete
1776  * operation
1777  */
1778  ri_BuildQueryKey(&qkey, riinfo, RI_PLAN_SETDEFAULT_DEL_DOUPDATE);
1779 
1780  if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
1781  {
1782  StringInfoData querybuf;
1783  StringInfoData qualbuf;
1784  char fkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
1785  char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
1786  char paramname[16];
1787  const char *querysep;
1788  const char *qualsep;
1789  Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
1790  int i;
1791 
1792  /* ----------
1793  * The query string built is
1794  * UPDATE ONLY <fktable> SET fkatt1 = DEFAULT [, ...]
1795  * WHERE $1 = fkatt1 [AND ...]
1796  * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
1797  * corresponding PK attributes.
1798  * ----------
1799  */
1800  initStringInfo(&querybuf);
1801  initStringInfo(&qualbuf);
1802  quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
1803  appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "UPDATE ONLY %s SET", fkrelname);
1804  querysep = "";
1805  qualsep = "WHERE";
1806  for (i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
1807  {
1808  Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
1809  Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
1810 
1811  quoteOneName(attname,
1812  RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
1813  appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
1814  "%s %s = DEFAULT",
1815  querysep, attname);
1816  sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
1817  ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
1818  paramname, pk_type,
1819  riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
1820  attname, fk_type);
1821  querysep = ",";
1822  qualsep = "AND";
1823  queryoids[i] = pk_type;
1824  }
1825  appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, qualbuf.data);
1826 
1827  /* Prepare and save the plan */
1828  qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
1829  &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel, true);
1830  }
1831 
1832  /*
1833  * We have a plan now. Run it to update the existing references.
1834  */
1835  ri_PerformCheck(riinfo, &qkey, qplan,
1836  fk_rel, pk_rel,
1837  old_row, NULL,
1838  true, /* must detect new rows */
1839  SPI_OK_UPDATE);
1840 
1841  if (SPI_finish() != SPI_OK_FINISH)
1842  elog(ERROR, "SPI_finish failed");
1843 
1844  heap_close(fk_rel, RowExclusiveLock);
1845 
1846  /*
1847  * If we just deleted the PK row whose key was equal to the FK
1848  * columns' default values, and a referencing row exists in the FK
1849  * table, we would have updated that row to the same values it
1850  * already had --- and RI_FKey_fk_upd_check_required would hence
1851  * believe no check is necessary. So we need to do another lookup
1852  * now and in case a reference still exists, abort the operation.
1853  * That is already implemented in the NO ACTION trigger, so just
1854  * run it. (This recheck is only needed in the SET DEFAULT case,
1855  * since CASCADE would remove such rows, while SET NULL is certain
1856  * to result in rows that satisfy the FK constraint.)
1857  */
1858  RI_FKey_noaction_del(fcinfo);
1859 
1860  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1861 
1862  /*
1863  * Handle MATCH PARTIAL set default delete.
1864  */
1865  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL:
1866  ereport(ERROR,
1867  (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
1868  errmsg("MATCH PARTIAL not yet implemented")));
1869  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1870 
1871  default:
1872  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized confmatchtype: %d",
1873  riinfo->confmatchtype);
1874  break;
1875  }
1876 
1877  /* Never reached */
1878  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1879 }
1880 
1881 
1882 /* ----------
1883  * RI_FKey_setdefault_upd -
1884  *
1885  * Set foreign key references to defaults at update event on PK table.
1886  * ----------
1887  */
1888 Datum
1889 RI_FKey_setdefault_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
1890 {
1891  TriggerData *trigdata = (TriggerData *) fcinfo->context;
1892  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo;
1893  Relation fk_rel;
1894  Relation pk_rel;
1895  HeapTuple new_row;
1896  HeapTuple old_row;
1897  RI_QueryKey qkey;
1898  SPIPlanPtr qplan;
1899 
1900  /*
1901  * Check that this is a valid trigger call on the right time and event.
1902  */
1903  ri_CheckTrigger(fcinfo, "RI_FKey_setdefault_upd", RI_TRIGTYPE_UPDATE);
1904 
1905  /*
1906  * Get arguments.
1907  */
1908  riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigdata->tg_trigger,
1909  trigdata->tg_relation, true);
1910 
1911  /*
1912  * Get the relation descriptors of the FK and PK tables and the old tuple.
1913  *
1914  * fk_rel is opened in RowExclusiveLock mode since that's what our
1915  * eventual UPDATE will get on it.
1916  */
1917  fk_rel = heap_open(riinfo->fk_relid, RowExclusiveLock);
1918  pk_rel = trigdata->tg_relation;
1919  new_row = trigdata->tg_newtuple;
1920  old_row = trigdata->tg_trigtuple;
1921 
1922  switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
1923  {
1924  /* ----------
1925  * SQL:2008 15.17 <Execution of referential actions>
1926  * General rules 10) a) iii):
1927  * MATCH SIMPLE/FULL
1928  * ... ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT
1929  * ----------
1930  */
1931  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
1932  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_FULL:
1933  switch (ri_NullCheck(old_row, riinfo, true))
1934  {
1935  case RI_KEYS_ALL_NULL:
1936  case RI_KEYS_SOME_NULL:
1937 
1938  /*
1939  * No check needed - there cannot be any reference to old
1940  * key if it contains a NULL
1941  */
1942  heap_close(fk_rel, RowExclusiveLock);
1943  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1944 
1945  case RI_KEYS_NONE_NULL:
1946 
1947  /*
1948  * Have a full qualified key - continue below
1949  */
1950  break;
1951  }
1952 
1953  /*
1954  * No need to do anything if old and new keys are equal
1955  */
1956  if (ri_KeysEqual(pk_rel, old_row, new_row, riinfo, true))
1957  {
1958  heap_close(fk_rel, RowExclusiveLock);
1959  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
1960  }
1961 
1962  if (SPI_connect() != SPI_OK_CONNECT)
1963  elog(ERROR, "SPI_connect failed");
1964 
1965  /*
1966  * Fetch or prepare a saved plan for the set default update
1967  * operation
1968  */
1969  ri_BuildQueryKey(&qkey, riinfo, RI_PLAN_SETDEFAULT_UPD_DOUPDATE);
1970 
1971  if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
1972  {
1973  StringInfoData querybuf;
1974  StringInfoData qualbuf;
1975  char fkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
1976  char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
1977  char paramname[16];
1978  const char *querysep;
1979  const char *qualsep;
1980  Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
1981  int i;
1982 
1983  /* ----------
1984  * The query string built is
1985  * UPDATE ONLY <fktable> SET fkatt1 = DEFAULT [, ...]
1986  * WHERE $1 = fkatt1 [AND ...]
1987  * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
1988  * corresponding PK attributes.
1989  * ----------
1990  */
1991  initStringInfo(&querybuf);
1992  initStringInfo(&qualbuf);
1993  quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
1994  appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "UPDATE ONLY %s SET", fkrelname);
1995  querysep = "";
1996  qualsep = "WHERE";
1997  for (i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
1998  {
1999  Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
2000  Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
2001 
2002  quoteOneName(attname,
2003  RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
2004  appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
2005  "%s %s = DEFAULT",
2006  querysep, attname);
2007  sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
2008  ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
2009  paramname, pk_type,
2010  riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
2011  attname, fk_type);
2012  querysep = ",";
2013  qualsep = "AND";
2014  queryoids[i] = pk_type;
2015  }
2016  appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, qualbuf.data);
2017 
2018  /* Prepare and save the plan */
2019  qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
2020  &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel, true);
2021  }
2022 
2023  /*
2024  * We have a plan now. Run it to update the existing references.
2025  */
2026  ri_PerformCheck(riinfo, &qkey, qplan,
2027  fk_rel, pk_rel,
2028  old_row, NULL,
2029  true, /* must detect new rows */
2030  SPI_OK_UPDATE);
2031 
2032  if (SPI_finish() != SPI_OK_FINISH)
2033  elog(ERROR, "SPI_finish failed");
2034 
2035  heap_close(fk_rel, RowExclusiveLock);
2036 
2037  /*
2038  * If we just updated the PK row whose key was equal to the FK
2039  * columns' default values, and a referencing row exists in the FK
2040  * table, we would have updated that row to the same values it
2041  * already had --- and RI_FKey_fk_upd_check_required would hence
2042  * believe no check is necessary. So we need to do another lookup
2043  * now and in case a reference still exists, abort the operation.
2044  * That is already implemented in the NO ACTION trigger, so just
2045  * run it. (This recheck is only needed in the SET DEFAULT case,
2046  * since CASCADE must change the FK key values, while SET NULL is
2047  * certain to result in rows that satisfy the FK constraint.)
2048  */
2049  RI_FKey_noaction_upd(fcinfo);
2050 
2051  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
2052 
2053  /*
2054  * Handle MATCH PARTIAL set default update.
2055  */
2056  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL:
2057  ereport(ERROR,
2058  (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
2059  errmsg("MATCH PARTIAL not yet implemented")));
2060  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
2061 
2062  default:
2063  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized confmatchtype: %d",
2064  riinfo->confmatchtype);
2065  break;
2066  }
2067 
2068  /* Never reached */
2069  return PointerGetDatum(NULL);
2070 }
2071 
2072 
2073 /* ----------
2074  * RI_FKey_pk_upd_check_required -
2075  *
2076  * Check if we really need to fire the RI trigger for an update to a PK
2077  * relation. This is called by the AFTER trigger queue manager to see if
2078  * it can skip queuing an instance of an RI trigger. Returns TRUE if the
2079  * trigger must be fired, FALSE if we can prove the constraint will still
2080  * be satisfied.
2081  * ----------
2082  */
2083 bool
2084 RI_FKey_pk_upd_check_required(Trigger *trigger, Relation pk_rel,
2085  HeapTuple old_row, HeapTuple new_row)
2086 {
2087  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo;
2088 
2089  /*
2090  * Get arguments.
2091  */
2092  riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, pk_rel, true);
2093 
2094  switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
2095  {
2096  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
2097  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_FULL:
2098 
2099  /*
2100  * If any old key value is NULL, the row could not have been
2101  * referenced by an FK row, so no check is needed.
2102  */
2103  if (ri_NullCheck(old_row, riinfo, true) != RI_KEYS_NONE_NULL)
2104  return false;
2105 
2106  /* If all old and new key values are equal, no check is needed */
2107  if (ri_KeysEqual(pk_rel, old_row, new_row, riinfo, true))
2108  return false;
2109 
2110  /* Else we need to fire the trigger. */
2111  return true;
2112 
2113  /* Handle MATCH PARTIAL check. */
2114  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL:
2115  ereport(ERROR,
2116  (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
2117  errmsg("MATCH PARTIAL not yet implemented")));
2118  break;
2119 
2120  default:
2121  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized confmatchtype: %d",
2122  riinfo->confmatchtype);
2123  break;
2124  }
2125 
2126  /* Never reached */
2127  return false;
2128 }
2129 
2130 /* ----------
2131  * RI_FKey_fk_upd_check_required -
2132  *
2133  * Check if we really need to fire the RI trigger for an update to an FK
2134  * relation. This is called by the AFTER trigger queue manager to see if
2135  * it can skip queuing an instance of an RI trigger. Returns TRUE if the
2136  * trigger must be fired, FALSE if we can prove the constraint will still
2137  * be satisfied.
2138  * ----------
2139  */
2140 bool
2141 RI_FKey_fk_upd_check_required(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel,
2142  HeapTuple old_row, HeapTuple new_row)
2143 {
2144  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo;
2145 
2146  /*
2147  * Get arguments.
2148  */
2149  riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
2150 
2151  switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
2152  {
2153  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
2154 
2155  /*
2156  * If any new key value is NULL, the row must satisfy the
2157  * constraint, so no check is needed.
2158  */
2159  if (ri_NullCheck(new_row, riinfo, false) != RI_KEYS_NONE_NULL)
2160  return false;
2161 
2162  /*
2163  * If the original row was inserted by our own transaction, we
2164  * must fire the trigger whether or not the keys are equal. This
2165  * is because our UPDATE will invalidate the INSERT so that the
2166  * INSERT RI trigger will not do anything; so we had better do the
2167  * UPDATE check. (We could skip this if we knew the INSERT
2168  * trigger already fired, but there is no easy way to know that.)
2169  */
2170  if (TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(old_row->t_data)))
2171  return true;
2172 
2173  /* If all old and new key values are equal, no check is needed */
2174  if (ri_KeysEqual(fk_rel, old_row, new_row, riinfo, false))
2175  return false;
2176 
2177  /* Else we need to fire the trigger. */
2178  return true;
2179 
2180  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_FULL:
2181 
2182  /*
2183  * If all new key values are NULL, the row must satisfy the
2184  * constraint, so no check is needed. On the other hand, if only
2185  * some of them are NULL, the row must fail the constraint. We
2186  * must not throw error here, because the row might get
2187  * invalidated before the constraint is to be checked, but we
2188  * should queue the event to apply the check later.
2189  */
2190  switch (ri_NullCheck(new_row, riinfo, false))
2191  {
2192  case RI_KEYS_ALL_NULL:
2193  return false;
2194  case RI_KEYS_SOME_NULL:
2195  return true;
2196  case RI_KEYS_NONE_NULL:
2197  break; /* continue with the check */
2198  }
2199 
2200  /*
2201  * If the original row was inserted by our own transaction, we
2202  * must fire the trigger whether or not the keys are equal. This
2203  * is because our UPDATE will invalidate the INSERT so that the
2204  * INSERT RI trigger will not do anything; so we had better do the
2205  * UPDATE check. (We could skip this if we knew the INSERT
2206  * trigger already fired, but there is no easy way to know that.)
2207  */
2208  if (TransactionIdIsCurrentTransactionId(HeapTupleHeaderGetXmin(old_row->t_data)))
2209  return true;
2210 
2211  /* If all old and new key values are equal, no check is needed */
2212  if (ri_KeysEqual(fk_rel, old_row, new_row, riinfo, false))
2213  return false;
2214 
2215  /* Else we need to fire the trigger. */
2216  return true;
2217 
2218  /* Handle MATCH PARTIAL check. */
2219  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL:
2220  ereport(ERROR,
2221  (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
2222  errmsg("MATCH PARTIAL not yet implemented")));
2223  break;
2224 
2225  default:
2226  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized confmatchtype: %d",
2227  riinfo->confmatchtype);
2228  break;
2229  }
2230 
2231  /* Never reached */
2232  return false;
2233 }
2234 
2235 /* ----------
2236  * RI_Initial_Check -
2237  *
2238  * Check an entire table for non-matching values using a single query.
2239  * This is not a trigger procedure, but is called during ALTER TABLE
2240  * ADD FOREIGN KEY to validate the initial table contents.
2241  *
2242  * We expect that the caller has made provision to prevent any problems
2243  * caused by concurrent actions. This could be either by locking rel and
2244  * pkrel at ShareRowExclusiveLock or higher, or by otherwise ensuring
2245  * that triggers implementing the checks are already active.
2246  * Hence, we do not need to lock individual rows for the check.
2247  *
2248  * If the check fails because the current user doesn't have permissions
2249  * to read both tables, return false to let our caller know that they will
2250  * need to do something else to check the constraint.
2251  * ----------
2252  */
2253 bool
2254 RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
2255 {
2256  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo;
2257  StringInfoData querybuf;
2258  char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
2259  char fkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
2260  char pkattname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN + 3];
2261  char fkattname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN + 3];
2262  RangeTblEntry *pkrte;
2263  RangeTblEntry *fkrte;
2264  const char *sep;
2265  int i;
2266  int save_nestlevel;
2267  char workmembuf[32];
2268  int spi_result;
2269  SPIPlanPtr qplan;
2270 
2271  /* Fetch constraint info. */
2272  riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
2273 
2274  /*
2275  * Check to make sure current user has enough permissions to do the test
2276  * query. (If not, caller can fall back to the trigger method, which
2277  * works because it changes user IDs on the fly.)
2278  *
2279  * XXX are there any other show-stopper conditions to check?
2280  */
2281  pkrte = makeNode(RangeTblEntry);
2282  pkrte->rtekind = RTE_RELATION;
2283  pkrte->relid = RelationGetRelid(pk_rel);
2284  pkrte->relkind = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind;
2285  pkrte->requiredPerms = ACL_SELECT;
2286 
2287  fkrte = makeNode(RangeTblEntry);
2288  fkrte->rtekind = RTE_RELATION;
2289  fkrte->relid = RelationGetRelid(fk_rel);
2290  fkrte->relkind = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind;
2291  fkrte->requiredPerms = ACL_SELECT;
2292 
2293  for (i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
2294  {
2295  int attno;
2296 
2297  attno = riinfo->pk_attnums[i] - FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber;
2298  pkrte->selectedCols = bms_add_member(pkrte->selectedCols, attno);
2299 
2300  attno = riinfo->fk_attnums[i] - FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber;
2301  fkrte->selectedCols = bms_add_member(fkrte->selectedCols, attno);
2302  }
2303 
2304  if (!ExecCheckRTPerms(list_make2(fkrte, pkrte), false))
2305  return false;
2306 
2307  /*
2308  * Also punt if RLS is enabled on either table unless this role has the
2309  * bypassrls right or is the table owner of the table(s) involved which
2310  * have RLS enabled.
2311  */
2312  if (!has_bypassrls_privilege(GetUserId()) &&
2313  ((pk_rel->rd_rel->relrowsecurity &&
2314  !pg_class_ownercheck(pkrte->relid, GetUserId())) ||
2315  (fk_rel->rd_rel->relrowsecurity &&
2316  !pg_class_ownercheck(fkrte->relid, GetUserId()))))
2317  return false;
2318 
2319  /*----------
2320  * The query string built is:
2321  * SELECT fk.keycols FROM ONLY relname fk
2322  * LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY pkrelname pk
2323  * ON (pk.pkkeycol1=fk.keycol1 [AND ...])
2324  * WHERE pk.pkkeycol1 IS NULL AND
2325  * For MATCH SIMPLE:
2326  * (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [AND ...])
2327  * For MATCH FULL:
2328  * (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
2329  *
2330  * We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
2331  * that have different collations.
2332  *----------
2333  */
2334  initStringInfo(&querybuf);
2335  appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, "SELECT ");
2336  sep = "";
2337  for (i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
2338  {
2339  quoteOneName(fkattname,
2340  RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
2341  appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sfk.%s", sep, fkattname);
2342  sep = ", ";
2343  }
2344 
2345  quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
2346  quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
2347  appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
2348  " FROM ONLY %s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
2349  fkrelname, pkrelname);
2350 
2351  strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
2352  strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
2353  sep = "(";
2354  for (i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
2355  {
2356  Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
2357  Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
2358  Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
2359  Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
2360 
2361  quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
2362  RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
2363  quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
2364  RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
2365  ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
2366  pkattname, pk_type,
2367  riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
2368  fkattname, fk_type);
2369  if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
2370  ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
2371  sep = "AND";
2372  }
2373 
2374  /*
2375  * It's sufficient to test any one pk attribute for null to detect a join
2376  * failure.
2377  */
2378  quoteOneName(pkattname, RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[0]));
2379  appendStringInfo(&querybuf, ") WHERE pk.%s IS NULL AND (", pkattname);
2380 
2381  sep = "";
2382  for (i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
2383  {
2384  quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
2385  appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
2386  "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
2387  sep, fkattname);
2388  switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
2389  {
2390  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
2391  sep = " AND ";
2392  break;
2393  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_FULL:
2394  sep = " OR ";
2395  break;
2396  case FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL:
2397  ereport(ERROR,
2398  (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
2399  errmsg("MATCH PARTIAL not yet implemented")));
2400  break;
2401  default:
2402  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized confmatchtype: %d",
2403  riinfo->confmatchtype);
2404  break;
2405  }
2406  }
2407  appendStringInfoChar(&querybuf, ')');
2408 
2409  /*
2410  * Temporarily increase work_mem so that the check query can be executed
2411  * more efficiently. It seems okay to do this because the query is simple
2412  * enough to not use a multiple of work_mem, and one typically would not
2413  * have many large foreign-key validations happening concurrently. So
2414  * this seems to meet the criteria for being considered a "maintenance"
2415  * operation, and accordingly we use maintenance_work_mem.
2416  *
2417  * We use the equivalent of a function SET option to allow the setting to
2418  * persist for exactly the duration of the check query. guc.c also takes
2419  * care of undoing the setting on error.
2420  */
2421  save_nestlevel = NewGUCNestLevel();
2422 
2423  snprintf(workmembuf, sizeof(workmembuf), "%d", maintenance_work_mem);
2424  (void) set_config_option("work_mem", workmembuf,
2425  PGC_USERSET, PGC_S_SESSION,
2426  GUC_ACTION_SAVE, true, 0, false);
2427 
2428  if (SPI_connect() != SPI_OK_CONNECT)
2429  elog(ERROR, "SPI_connect failed");
2430 
2431  /*
2432  * Generate the plan. We don't need to cache it, and there are no
2433  * arguments to the plan.
2434  */
2435  qplan = SPI_prepare(querybuf.data, 0, NULL);
2436 
2437  if (qplan == NULL)
2438  elog(ERROR, "SPI_prepare returned %d for %s",
2439  SPI_result, querybuf.data);
2440 
2441  /*
2442  * Run the plan. For safety we force a current snapshot to be used. (In
2443  * transaction-snapshot mode, this arguably violates transaction isolation
2444  * rules, but we really haven't got much choice.) We don't need to
2445  * register the snapshot, because SPI_execute_snapshot will see to it. We
2446  * need at most one tuple returned, so pass limit = 1.
2447  */
2448  spi_result = SPI_execute_snapshot(qplan,
2449  NULL, NULL,
2450  GetLatestSnapshot(),
2451  InvalidSnapshot,
2452  true, false, 1);
2453 
2454  /* Check result */
2455  if (spi_result != SPI_OK_SELECT)
2456  elog(ERROR, "SPI_execute_snapshot returned %d", spi_result);
2457 
2458  /* Did we find a tuple violating the constraint? */
2459  if (SPI_processed > 0)
2460  {
2461  HeapTuple tuple = SPI_tuptable->vals[0];
2462  TupleDesc tupdesc = SPI_tuptable->tupdesc;
2463  RI_ConstraintInfo fake_riinfo;
2464 
2465  /*
2466  * The columns to look at in the result tuple are 1..N, not whatever
2467  * they are in the fk_rel. Hack up riinfo so that the subroutines
2468  * called here will behave properly.
2469  *
2470  * In addition to this, we have to pass the correct tupdesc to
2471  * ri_ReportViolation, overriding its normal habit of using the pk_rel
2472  * or fk_rel's tupdesc.
2473  */
2474  memcpy(&fake_riinfo, riinfo, sizeof(RI_ConstraintInfo));
2475  for (i = 0; i < fake_riinfo.nkeys; i++)
2476  fake_riinfo.fk_attnums[i] = i + 1;
2477 
2478  /*
2479  * If it's MATCH FULL, and there are any nulls in the FK keys,
2480  * complain about that rather than the lack of a match. MATCH FULL
2481  * disallows partially-null FK rows.
2482  */
2483  if (fake_riinfo.confmatchtype == FKCONSTR_MATCH_FULL &&
2484  ri_NullCheck(tuple, &fake_riinfo, false) != RI_KEYS_NONE_NULL)
2485  ereport(ERROR,
2486  (errcode(ERRCODE_FOREIGN_KEY_VIOLATION),
2487  errmsg("insert or update on table \"%s\" violates foreign key constraint \"%s\"",
2488  RelationGetRelationName(fk_rel),
2489  NameStr(fake_riinfo.conname)),
2490  errdetail("MATCH FULL does not allow mixing of null and nonnull key values."),
2491  errtableconstraint(fk_rel,
2492  NameStr(fake_riinfo.conname))));
2493 
2494  /*
2495  * We tell ri_ReportViolation we were doing the RI_PLAN_CHECK_LOOKUPPK
2496  * query, which isn't true, but will cause it to use
2497  * fake_riinfo.fk_attnums as we need.
2498  */
2499  ri_ReportViolation(&fake_riinfo,
2500  pk_rel, fk_rel,
2501  tuple, tupdesc,
2502  RI_PLAN_CHECK_LOOKUPPK, false);
2503  }
2504 
2505  if (SPI_finish() != SPI_OK_FINISH)
2506  elog(ERROR, "SPI_finish failed");
2507 
2508  /*
2509  * Restore work_mem.
2510  */
2511  AtEOXact_GUC(true, save_nestlevel);
2512 
2513  return true;
2514 }
2515 
2516 
2517 /* ----------
2518  * Local functions below
2519  * ----------
2520  */
2521 
2522 
2523 /*
2524  * quoteOneName --- safely quote a single SQL name
2525  *
2526  * buffer must be MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN long (includes room for \0)
2527  */
2528 static void
2529 quoteOneName(char *buffer, const char *name)
2530 {
2531  /* Rather than trying to be smart, just always quote it. */
2532  *buffer++ = '"';
2533  while (*name)
2534  {
2535  if (*name == '"')
2536  *buffer++ = '"';
2537  *buffer++ = *name++;
2538  }
2539  *buffer++ = '"';
2540  *buffer = '\0';
2541 }
2542 
2543 /*
2544  * quoteRelationName --- safely quote a fully qualified relation name
2545  *
2546  * buffer must be MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN long (includes room for \0)
2547  */
2548 static void
2549 quoteRelationName(char *buffer, Relation rel)
2550 {
2551  quoteOneName(buffer, get_namespace_name(RelationGetNamespace(rel)));
2552  buffer += strlen(buffer);
2553  *buffer++ = '.';
2554  quoteOneName(buffer, RelationGetRelationName(rel));
2555 }
2556 
2557 /*
2558  * ri_GenerateQual --- generate a WHERE clause equating two variables
2559  *
2560  * The idea is to append " sep leftop op rightop" to buf. The complexity
2561  * comes from needing to be sure that the parser will select the desired
2562  * operator. We always name the operator using OPERATOR(schema.op) syntax
2563  * (readability isn't a big priority here), so as to avoid search-path
2564  * uncertainties. We have to emit casts too, if either input isn't already
2565  * the input type of the operator; else we are at the mercy of the parser's
2566  * heuristics for ambiguous-operator resolution.
2567  */
2568 static void
2569 ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
2570  const char *sep,
2571  const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
2572  Oid opoid,
2573  const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
2574 {
2575  HeapTuple opertup;
2576  Form_pg_operator operform;
2577  char *oprname;
2578  char *nspname;
2579 
2580  opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
2581  if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
2582  elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
2583  operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
2584  Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
2585  oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
2586 
2587  nspname = get_namespace_name(operform->oprnamespace);
2588 
2589  appendStringInfo(buf, " %s %s", sep, leftop);
2590  if (leftoptype != operform->oprleft)
2591  ri_add_cast_to(buf, operform->oprleft);
2592  appendStringInfo(buf, " OPERATOR(%s.", quote_identifier(nspname));
2593  appendStringInfoString(buf, oprname);
2594  appendStringInfo(buf, ") %s", rightop);
2595  if (rightoptype != operform->oprright)
2596  ri_add_cast_to(buf, operform->oprright);
2597 
2598  ReleaseSysCache(opertup);
2599 }
2600 
2601 /*
2602  * Add a cast specification to buf. We spell out the type name the hard way,
2603  * intentionally not using format_type_be(). This is to avoid corner cases
2604  * for CHARACTER, BIT, and perhaps other types, where specifying the type
2605  * using SQL-standard syntax results in undesirable data truncation. By
2606  * doing it this way we can be certain that the cast will have default (-1)
2607  * target typmod.
2608  */
2609 static void
2610 ri_add_cast_to(StringInfo buf, Oid typid)
2611 {
2612  HeapTuple typetup;
2613  Form_pg_type typform;
2614  char *typname;
2615  char *nspname;
2616 
2617  typetup = SearchSysCache1(TYPEOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(typid));
2618  if (!HeapTupleIsValid(typetup))
2619  elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for type %u", typid);
2620  typform = (Form_pg_type) GETSTRUCT(typetup);
2621 
2622  typname = NameStr(typform->typname);
2623  nspname = get_namespace_name(typform->typnamespace);
2624 
2625  appendStringInfo(buf, "::%s.%s",
2626  quote_identifier(nspname), quote_identifier(typname));
2627 
2628  ReleaseSysCache(typetup);
2629 }
2630 
2631 /*
2632  * ri_GenerateQualCollation --- add a COLLATE spec to a WHERE clause
2633  *
2634  * At present, we intentionally do not use this function for RI queries that
2635  * compare a variable to a $n parameter. Since parameter symbols always have
2636  * default collation, the effect will be to use the variable's collation.
2637  * Now that is only strictly correct when testing the referenced column, since
2638  * the SQL standard specifies that RI comparisons should use the referenced
2639  * column's collation. However, so long as all collations have the same
2640  * notion of equality (which they do, because texteq reduces to bitwise
2641  * equality), there's no visible semantic impact from using the referencing
2642  * column's collation when testing it, and this is a good thing to do because
2643  * it lets us use a normal index on the referencing column. However, we do
2644  * have to use this function when directly comparing the referencing and
2645  * referenced columns, if they are of different collations; else the parser
2646  * will fail to resolve the collation to use.
2647  */
2648 static void
2649 ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation)
2650 {
2651  HeapTuple tp;
2652  Form_pg_collation colltup;
2653  char *collname;
2654  char onename[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
2655 
2656  /* Nothing to do if it's a noncollatable data type */
2657  if (!OidIsValid(collation))
2658  return;
2659 
2660  tp = SearchSysCache1(COLLOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(collation));
2661  if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tp))
2662  elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for collation %u", collation);
2663  colltup = (Form_pg_collation) GETSTRUCT(tp);
2664  collname = NameStr(colltup->collname);
2665 
2666  /*
2667  * We qualify the name always, for simplicity and to ensure the query is
2668  * not search-path-dependent.
2669  */
2670  quoteOneName(onename, get_namespace_name(colltup->collnamespace));
2671  appendStringInfo(buf, " COLLATE %s", onename);
2672  quoteOneName(onename, collname);
2673  appendStringInfo(buf, ".%s", onename);
2674 
2675  ReleaseSysCache(tp);
2676 }
2677 
2678 /* ----------
2679  * ri_BuildQueryKey -
2680  *
2681  * Construct a hashtable key for a prepared SPI plan of an FK constraint.
2682  *
2683  * key: output argument, *key is filled in based on the other arguments
2684  * riinfo: info from pg_constraint entry
2685  * constr_queryno: an internal number identifying the query type
2686  * (see RI_PLAN_XXX constants at head of file)
2687  * ----------
2688  */
2689 static void
2690 ri_BuildQueryKey(RI_QueryKey *key, const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo,
2691  int32 constr_queryno)
2692 {
2693  /*
2694  * We assume struct RI_QueryKey contains no padding bytes, else we'd need
2695  * to use memset to clear them.
2696  */
2697  key->constr_id = riinfo->constraint_id;
2698  key->constr_queryno = constr_queryno;
2699 }
2700 
2701 /*
2702  * Check that RI trigger function was called in expected context
2703  */
2704 static void
2705 ri_CheckTrigger(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, const char *funcname, int tgkind)
2706 {
2707  TriggerData *trigdata = (TriggerData *) fcinfo->context;
2708 
2709  if (!CALLED_AS_TRIGGER(fcinfo))
2710  ereport(ERROR,
2711  (errcode(ERRCODE_E_R_I_E_TRIGGER_PROTOCOL_VIOLATED),
2712  errmsg("function \"%s\" was not called by trigger manager", funcname)));
2713 
2714  /*
2715  * Check proper event
2716  */
2717  if (!TRIGGER_FIRED_AFTER(trigdata->tg_event) ||
2718  !TRIGGER_FIRED_FOR_ROW(trigdata->tg_event))
2719  ereport(ERROR,
2720  (errcode(ERRCODE_E_R_I_E_TRIGGER_PROTOCOL_VIOLATED),
2721  errmsg("function \"%s\" must be fired AFTER ROW", funcname)));
2722 
2723  switch (tgkind)
2724  {
2725  case RI_TRIGTYPE_INSERT:
2726  if (!TRIGGER_FIRED_BY_INSERT(trigdata->tg_event))
2727  ereport(ERROR,
2728  (errcode(ERRCODE_E_R_I_E_TRIGGER_PROTOCOL_VIOLATED),
2729  errmsg("function \"%s\" must be fired for INSERT", funcname)));
2730  break;
2731  case RI_TRIGTYPE_UPDATE:
2732  if (!TRIGGER_FIRED_BY_UPDATE(trigdata->tg_event))
2733  ereport(ERROR,
2734  (errcode(ERRCODE_E_R_I_E_TRIGGER_PROTOCOL_VIOLATED),
2735  errmsg("function \"%s\" must be fired for UPDATE", funcname)));
2736  break;
2737  case RI_TRIGTYPE_DELETE:
2738  if (!TRIGGER_FIRED_BY_DELETE(trigdata->tg_event))
2739  ereport(ERROR,
2740  (errcode(ERRCODE_E_R_I_E_TRIGGER_PROTOCOL_VIOLATED),
2741  errmsg("function \"%s\" must be fired for DELETE", funcname)));
2742  break;
2743  }
2744 }
2745 
2746 
2747 /*
2748  * Fetch the RI_ConstraintInfo struct for the trigger's FK constraint.
2749  */
2750 static const RI_ConstraintInfo *
2751 ri_FetchConstraintInfo(Trigger *trigger, Relation trig_rel, bool rel_is_pk)
2752 {
2753  Oid constraintOid = trigger->tgconstraint;
2754  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo;
2755 
2756  /*
2757  * Check that the FK constraint's OID is available; it might not be if
2758  * we've been invoked via an ordinary trigger or an old-style "constraint
2759  * trigger".
2760  */
2761  if (!OidIsValid(constraintOid))
2762  ereport(ERROR,
2763  (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_OBJECT_DEFINITION),
2764  errmsg("no pg_constraint entry for trigger \"%s\" on table \"%s\"",
2765  trigger->tgname, RelationGetRelationName(trig_rel)),
2766  errhint("Remove this referential integrity trigger and its mates, then do ALTER TABLE ADD CONSTRAINT.")));
2767 
2768  /* Find or create a hashtable entry for the constraint */
2769  riinfo = ri_LoadConstraintInfo(constraintOid);
2770 
2771  /* Do some easy cross-checks against the trigger call data */
2772  if (rel_is_pk)
2773  {
2774  if (riinfo->fk_relid != trigger->tgconstrrelid ||
2775  riinfo->pk_relid != RelationGetRelid(trig_rel))
2776  elog(ERROR, "wrong pg_constraint entry for trigger \"%s\" on table \"%s\"",
2777  trigger->tgname, RelationGetRelationName(trig_rel));
2778  }
2779  else
2780  {
2781  if (riinfo->fk_relid != RelationGetRelid(trig_rel) ||
2782  riinfo->pk_relid != trigger->tgconstrrelid)
2783  elog(ERROR, "wrong pg_constraint entry for trigger \"%s\" on table \"%s\"",
2784  trigger->tgname, RelationGetRelationName(trig_rel));
2785  }
2786 
2787  return riinfo;
2788 }
2789 
2790 /*
2791  * Fetch or create the RI_ConstraintInfo struct for an FK constraint.
2792  */
2793 static const RI_ConstraintInfo *
2794 ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
2795 {
2796  RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo;
2797  bool found;
2798  HeapTuple tup;
2799  Form_pg_constraint conForm;
2800  Datum adatum;
2801  bool isNull;
2802  ArrayType *arr;
2803  int numkeys;
2804 
2805  /*
2806  * On the first call initialize the hashtable
2807  */
2808  if (!ri_constraint_cache)
2809  ri_InitHashTables();
2810 
2811  /*
2812  * Find or create a hash entry. If we find a valid one, just return it.
2813  */
2814  riinfo = (RI_ConstraintInfo *) hash_search(ri_constraint_cache,
2815  (void *) &constraintOid,
2816  HASH_ENTER, &found);
2817  if (!found)
2818  riinfo->valid = false;
2819  else if (riinfo->valid)
2820  return riinfo;
2821 
2822  /*
2823  * Fetch the pg_constraint row so we can fill in the entry.
2824  */
2825  tup = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(constraintOid));
2826  if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup)) /* should not happen */
2827  elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for constraint %u", constraintOid);
2828  conForm = (Form_pg_constraint) GETSTRUCT(tup);
2829 
2830  if (conForm->contype != CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN) /* should not happen */
2831  elog(ERROR, "constraint %u is not a foreign key constraint",
2832  constraintOid);
2833 
2834  /* And extract data */
2835  Assert(riinfo->constraint_id == constraintOid);
2836  riinfo->oidHashValue = GetSysCacheHashValue1(CONSTROID,
2837  ObjectIdGetDatum(constraintOid));
2838  memcpy(&riinfo->conname, &conForm->conname, sizeof(NameData));
2839  riinfo->pk_relid = conForm->confrelid;
2840  riinfo->fk_relid = conForm->conrelid;
2841  riinfo->confupdtype = conForm->confupdtype;
2842  riinfo->confdeltype = conForm->confdeltype;
2843  riinfo->confmatchtype = conForm->confmatchtype;
2844 
2845  /*
2846  * We expect the arrays to be 1-D arrays of the right types; verify that.
2847  * We don't need to use deconstruct_array() since the array data is just
2848  * going to look like a C array of values.
2849  */
2850  adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
2851  Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isNull);
2852  if (isNull)
2853  elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u", constraintOid);
2854  arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
2855  if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
2856  ARR_HASNULL(arr) ||
2857  ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != INT2OID)
2858  elog(ERROR, "conkey is not a 1-D smallint array");
2859  numkeys = ARR_DIMS(arr)[0];
2860  if (numkeys <= 0 || numkeys > RI_MAX_NUMKEYS)
2861  elog(ERROR, "foreign key constraint cannot have %d columns", numkeys);
2862  riinfo->nkeys = numkeys;
2863  memcpy(riinfo->fk_attnums, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(int16));
2864  if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
2865  pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
2866 
2867  adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
2868  Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isNull);
2869  if (isNull)
2870  elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u", constraintOid);
2871  arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
2872  if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
2873  ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys ||
2874  ARR_HASNULL(arr) ||
2875  ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != INT2OID)
2876  elog(ERROR, "confkey is not a 1-D smallint array");
2877  memcpy(riinfo->pk_attnums, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(int16));
2878  if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
2879  pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
2880 
2881  adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
2882  Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop, &isNull);
2883  if (isNull)
2884  elog(ERROR, "null conpfeqop for constraint %u", constraintOid);
2885  arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
2886  /* see TryReuseForeignKey if you change the test below */
2887  if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
2888  ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys ||
2889  ARR_HASNULL(arr) ||
2890  ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != OIDOID)
2891  elog(ERROR, "conpfeqop is not a 1-D Oid array");
2892  memcpy(riinfo->pf_eq_oprs, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(Oid));
2893  if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
2894  pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
2895 
2896  adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
2897  Anum_pg_constraint_conppeqop, &isNull);
2898  if (isNull)
2899  elog(ERROR, "null conppeqop for constraint %u", constraintOid);
2900  arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
2901  if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
2902  ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys ||
2903  ARR_HASNULL(arr) ||
2904  ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != OIDOID)
2905  elog(ERROR, "conppeqop is not a 1-D Oid array");
2906  memcpy(riinfo->pp_eq_oprs, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(Oid));
2907  if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
2908  pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
2909 
2910  adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
2911  Anum_pg_constraint_conffeqop, &isNull);
2912  if (isNull)
2913  elog(ERROR, "null conffeqop for constraint %u", constraintOid);
2914  arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
2915  if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
2916  ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys ||
2917  ARR_HASNULL(arr) ||
2918  ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != OIDOID)
2919  elog(ERROR, "conffeqop is not a 1-D Oid array");
2920  memcpy(riinfo->ff_eq_oprs, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(Oid));
2921  if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
2922  pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
2923 
2924  ReleaseSysCache(tup);
2925 
2926  /*
2927  * For efficient processing of invalidation messages below, we keep a
2928  * doubly-linked list, and a count, of all currently valid entries.
2929  */
2930  dlist_push_tail(&ri_constraint_cache_valid_list, &riinfo->valid_link);
2931  ri_constraint_cache_valid_count++;
2932 
2933  riinfo->valid = true;
2934 
2935  return riinfo;
2936 }
2937 
2938 /*
2939  * Callback for pg_constraint inval events
2940  *
2941  * While most syscache callbacks just flush all their entries, pg_constraint
2942  * gets enough update traffic that it's probably worth being smarter.
2943  * Invalidate any ri_constraint_cache entry associated with the syscache
2944  * entry with the specified hash value, or all entries if hashvalue == 0.
2945  *
2946  * Note: at the time a cache invalidation message is processed there may be
2947  * active references to the cache. Because of this we never remove entries
2948  * from the cache, but only mark them invalid, which is harmless to active
2949  * uses. (Any query using an entry should hold a lock sufficient to keep that
2950  * data from changing under it --- but we may get cache flushes anyway.)
2951  */
2952 static void
2953 InvalidateConstraintCacheCallBack(Datum arg, int cacheid, uint32 hashvalue)
2954 {
2955  dlist_mutable_iter iter;
2956 
2957  Assert(ri_constraint_cache != NULL);
2958 
2959  /*
2960  * If the list of currently valid entries gets excessively large, we mark
2961  * them all invalid so we can empty the list. This arrangement avoids
2962  * O(N^2) behavior in situations where a session touches many foreign keys
2963  * and also does many ALTER TABLEs, such as a restore from pg_dump.
2964  */
2965  if (ri_constraint_cache_valid_count > 1000)
2966  hashvalue = 0; /* pretend it's a cache reset */
2967 
2968  dlist_foreach_modify(iter, &ri_constraint_cache_valid_list)
2969  {
2970  RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo = dlist_container(RI_ConstraintInfo,
2971  valid_link, iter.cur);
2972 
2973  if (hashvalue == 0 || riinfo->oidHashValue == hashvalue)
2974  {
2975  riinfo->valid = false;
2976  /* Remove invalidated entries from the list, too */
2977  dlist_delete(iter.cur);
2978  ri_constraint_cache_valid_count--;
2979  }
2980  }
2981 }
2982 
2983 
2984 /*
2985  * Prepare execution plan for a query to enforce an RI restriction
2986  *
2987  * If cache_plan is true, the plan is saved into our plan hashtable
2988  * so that we don't need to plan it again.
2989  */
2990 static SPIPlanPtr
2991 ri_PlanCheck(const char *querystr, int nargs, Oid *argtypes,
2992  RI_QueryKey *qkey, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel,
2993  bool cache_plan)
2994 {
2995  SPIPlanPtr qplan;
2996  Relation query_rel;
2997  Oid save_userid;
2998  int save_sec_context;
2999 
3000  /*
3001  * Use the query type code to determine whether the query is run against
3002  * the PK or FK table; we'll do the check as that table's owner
3003  */
3004  if (qkey->constr_queryno <= RI_PLAN_LAST_ON_PK)
3005  query_rel = pk_rel;
3006  else
3007  query_rel = fk_rel;
3008 
3009  /* Switch to proper UID to perform check as */
3010  GetUserIdAndSecContext(&save_userid, &save_sec_context);
3011  SetUserIdAndSecContext(RelationGetForm(query_rel)->relowner,
3012  save_sec_context | SECURITY_LOCAL_USERID_CHANGE |
3013  SECURITY_NOFORCE_RLS);
3014 
3015  /* Create the plan */
3016  qplan = SPI_prepare(querystr, nargs, argtypes);
3017 
3018  if (qplan == NULL)
3019  elog(ERROR, "SPI_prepare returned %d for %s", SPI_result, querystr);
3020 
3021  /* Restore UID and security context */
3022  SetUserIdAndSecContext(save_userid, save_sec_context);
3023 
3024  /* Save the plan if requested */
3025  if (cache_plan)
3026  {
3027  SPI_keepplan(qplan);
3028  ri_HashPreparedPlan(qkey, qplan);
3029  }
3030 
3031  return qplan;
3032 }
3033 
3034 /*
3035  * Perform a query to enforce an RI restriction
3036  */
3037 static bool
3038 ri_PerformCheck(const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo,
3039  RI_QueryKey *qkey, SPIPlanPtr qplan,
3040  Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel,
3041  HeapTuple old_tuple, HeapTuple new_tuple,
3042  bool detectNewRows, int expect_OK)
3043 {
3044  Relation query_rel,
3045  source_rel;
3046  bool source_is_pk;
3047  Snapshot test_snapshot;
3048  Snapshot crosscheck_snapshot;
3049  int limit;
3050  int spi_result;
3051  Oid save_userid;
3052  int save_sec_context;
3053  Datum vals[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS * 2];
3054  char nulls[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS * 2];
3055 
3056  /*
3057  * Use the query type code to determine whether the query is run against
3058  * the PK or FK table; we'll do the check as that table's owner
3059  */
3060  if (qkey->constr_queryno <= RI_PLAN_LAST_ON_PK)
3061  query_rel = pk_rel;
3062  else
3063  query_rel = fk_rel;
3064 
3065  /*
3066  * The values for the query are taken from the table on which the trigger
3067  * is called - it is normally the other one with respect to query_rel. An
3068  * exception is ri_Check_Pk_Match(), which uses the PK table for both (and
3069  * sets queryno to RI_PLAN_CHECK_LOOKUPPK_FROM_PK). We might eventually
3070  * need some less klugy way to determine this.
3071  */
3072  if (qkey->constr_queryno == RI_PLAN_CHECK_LOOKUPPK)
3073  {
3074  source_rel = fk_rel;
3075  source_is_pk = false;
3076  }
3077  else
3078  {
3079  source_rel = pk_rel;
3080  source_is_pk = true;
3081  }
3082 
3083  /* Extract the parameters to be passed into the query */
3084  if (new_tuple)
3085  {
3086  ri_ExtractValues(source_rel, new_tuple, riinfo, source_is_pk,
3087  vals, nulls);
3088  if (old_tuple)
3089  ri_ExtractValues(source_rel, old_tuple, riinfo, source_is_pk,
3090  vals + riinfo->nkeys, nulls + riinfo->nkeys);
3091  }
3092  else
3093  {
3094  ri_ExtractValues(source_rel, old_tuple, riinfo, source_is_pk,
3095  vals, nulls);
3096  }
3097 
3098  /*
3099  * In READ COMMITTED mode, we just need to use an up-to-date regular
3100  * snapshot, and we will see all rows that could be interesting. But in
3101  * transaction-snapshot mode, we can't change the transaction snapshot. If
3102  * the caller passes detectNewRows == false then it's okay to do the query
3103  * with the transaction snapshot; otherwise we use a current snapshot, and
3104  * tell the executor to error out if it finds any rows under the current
3105  * snapshot that wouldn't be visible per the transaction snapshot. Note
3106  * that SPI_execute_snapshot will register the snapshots, so we don't need
3107  * to bother here.
3108  */
3109  if (IsolationUsesXactSnapshot() && detectNewRows)
3110  {
3111  CommandCounterIncrement(); /* be sure all my own work is visible */
3112  test_snapshot = GetLatestSnapshot();
3113  crosscheck_snapshot = GetTransactionSnapshot();
3114  }
3115  else
3116  {
3117  /* the default SPI behavior is okay */
3118  test_snapshot = InvalidSnapshot;
3119  crosscheck_snapshot = InvalidSnapshot;
3120  }
3121 
3122  /*
3123  * If this is a select query (e.g., for a 'no action' or 'restrict'
3124  * trigger), we only need to see if there is a single row in the table,
3125  * matching the key. Otherwise, limit = 0 - because we want the query to
3126  * affect ALL the matching rows.
3127  */
3128  limit = (expect_OK == SPI_OK_SELECT) ? 1 : 0;
3129 
3130  /* Switch to proper UID to perform check as */
3131  GetUserIdAndSecContext(&save_userid, &save_sec_context);
3132  SetUserIdAndSecContext(RelationGetForm(query_rel)->relowner,
3133  save_sec_context | SECURITY_LOCAL_USERID_CHANGE |
3134  SECURITY_NOFORCE_RLS);
3135 
3136  /* Finally we can run the query. */
3137  spi_result = SPI_execute_snapshot(qplan,
3138  vals, nulls,
3139  test_snapshot, crosscheck_snapshot,
3140  false, false, limit);
3141 
3142  /* Restore UID and security context */
3143  SetUserIdAndSecContext(save_userid, save_sec_context);
3144 
3145  /* Check result */
3146  if (spi_result < 0)
3147  elog(ERROR, "SPI_execute_snapshot returned %d", spi_result);
3148 
3149  if (expect_OK >= 0 && spi_result != expect_OK)
3150  ri_ReportViolation(riinfo,
3151  pk_rel, fk_rel,
3152  new_tuple ? new_tuple : old_tuple,
3153  NULL,
3154  qkey->constr_queryno, true);
3155 
3156  /* XXX wouldn't it be clearer to do this part at the caller? */
3157  if (qkey->constr_queryno != RI_PLAN_CHECK_LOOKUPPK_FROM_PK &&
3158  expect_OK == SPI_OK_SELECT &&
3159  (SPI_processed == 0) == (qkey->constr_queryno == RI_PLAN_CHECK_LOOKUPPK))
3160  ri_ReportViolation(riinfo,
3161  pk_rel, fk_rel,
3162  new_tuple ? new_tuple : old_tuple,
3163  NULL,
3164  qkey->constr_queryno, false);
3165 
3166  return SPI_processed != 0;
3167 }
3168 
3169 /*
3170  * Extract fields from a tuple into Datum/nulls arrays
3171  */
3172 static void
3173 ri_ExtractValues(Relation rel, HeapTuple tup,
3174  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk,
3175  Datum *vals, char *nulls)
3176 {
3177  TupleDesc tupdesc = rel->rd_att;
3178  const int16 *attnums;
3179  int i;
3180  bool isnull;
3181 
3182  if (rel_is_pk)
3183  attnums = riinfo->pk_attnums;
3184  else
3185  attnums = riinfo->fk_attnums;
3186 
3187  for (i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
3188  {
3189  vals[i] = heap_getattr(tup, attnums[i], tupdesc,
3190  &isnull);
3191  nulls[i] = isnull ? 'n' : ' ';
3192  }
3193 }
3194 
3195 /*
3196  * Produce an error report
3197  *
3198  * If the failed constraint was on insert/update to the FK table,
3199  * we want the key names and values extracted from there, and the error
3200  * message to look like 'key blah is not present in PK'.
3201  * Otherwise, the attr names and values come from the PK table and the
3202  * message looks like 'key blah is still referenced from FK'.
3203  */
3204 static void
3205 ri_ReportViolation(const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo,
3206  Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
3207  HeapTuple violator, TupleDesc tupdesc,
3208  int queryno, bool spi_err)
3209 {
3210  StringInfoData key_names;
3211  StringInfoData key_values;
3212  bool onfk;
3213  const int16 *attnums;
3214  int idx;
3215  Oid rel_oid;
3216  AclResult aclresult;
3217  bool has_perm = true;
3218 
3219  if (spi_err)
3220  ereport(ERROR,
3221  (errcode(ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR),
3222  errmsg("referential integrity query on \"%s\" from constraint \"%s\" on \"%s\" gave unexpected result",
3223  RelationGetRelationName(pk_rel),
3224  NameStr(riinfo->conname),
3225  RelationGetRelationName(fk_rel)),
3226  errhint("This is most likely due to a rule having rewritten the query.")));
3227 
3228  /*
3229  * Determine which relation to complain about. If tupdesc wasn't passed
3230  * by caller, assume the violator tuple came from there.
3231  */
3232  onfk = (queryno == RI_PLAN_CHECK_LOOKUPPK);
3233  if (onfk)
3234  {
3235  attnums = riinfo->fk_attnums;
3236  rel_oid = fk_rel->rd_id;
3237  if (tupdesc == NULL)
3238  tupdesc = fk_rel->rd_att;
3239  }
3240  else
3241  {
3242  attnums = riinfo->pk_attnums;
3243  rel_oid = pk_rel->rd_id;
3244  if (tupdesc == NULL)
3245  tupdesc = pk_rel->rd_att;
3246  }
3247 
3248  /*
3249  * Check permissions- if the user does not have access to view the data in
3250  * any of the key columns then we don't include the errdetail() below.
3251  *
3252  * Check if RLS is enabled on the relation first. If so, we don't return
3253  * any specifics to avoid leaking data.
3254  *
3255  * Check table-level permissions next and, failing that, column-level
3256  * privileges.
3257  */
3258 
3259  if (check_enable_rls(rel_oid, InvalidOid, true) != RLS_ENABLED)
3260  {
3261  aclresult = pg_class_aclcheck(rel_oid, GetUserId(), ACL_SELECT);
3262  if (aclresult != ACLCHECK_OK)
3263  {
3264  /* Try for column-level permissions */
3265  for (idx = 0; idx < riinfo->nkeys; idx++)
3266  {
3267  aclresult = pg_attribute_aclcheck(rel_oid, attnums[idx],
3268  GetUserId(),
3269  ACL_SELECT);
3270 
3271  /* No access to the key */
3272  if (aclresult != ACLCHECK_OK)
3273  {
3274  has_perm = false;
3275  break;
3276  }
3277  }
3278  }
3279  }
3280  else
3281  has_perm = false;
3282 
3283  if (has_perm)
3284  {
3285  /* Get printable versions of the keys involved */
3286  initStringInfo(&key_names);
3287  initStringInfo(&key_values);
3288  for (idx = 0; idx < riinfo->nkeys; idx++)
3289  {
3290  int fnum = attnums[idx];
3291  char *name,
3292  *val;
3293 
3294  name = SPI_fname(tupdesc, fnum);
3295  val = SPI_getvalue(violator, tupdesc, fnum);
3296  if (!val)
3297  val = "null";
3298 
3299  if (idx > 0)
3300  {
3301  appendStringInfoString(&key_names, ", ");
3302  appendStringInfoString(&key_values, ", ");
3303  }
3304  appendStringInfoString(&key_names, name);
3305  appendStringInfoString(&key_values, val);
3306  }
3307  }
3308 
3309  if (onfk)
3310  ereport(ERROR,
3311  (errcode(ERRCODE_FOREIGN_KEY_VIOLATION),
3312  errmsg("insert or update on table \"%s\" violates foreign key constraint \"%s\"",
3313  RelationGetRelationName(fk_rel),
3314  NameStr(riinfo->conname)),
3315  has_perm ?
3316  errdetail("Key (%s)=(%s) is not present in table \"%s\".",
3317  key_names.data, key_values.data,
3318  RelationGetRelationName(pk_rel)) :
3319  errdetail("Key is not present in table \"%s\".",
3320  RelationGetRelationName(pk_rel)),
3321  errtableconstraint(fk_rel, NameStr(riinfo->conname))));
3322  else
3323  ereport(ERROR,
3324  (errcode(ERRCODE_FOREIGN_KEY_VIOLATION),
3325  errmsg("update or delete on table \"%s\" violates foreign key constraint \"%s\" on table \"%s\"",
3326  RelationGetRelationName(pk_rel),
3327  NameStr(riinfo->conname),
3328  RelationGetRelationName(fk_rel)),
3329  has_perm ?
3330  errdetail("Key (%s)=(%s) is still referenced from table \"%s\".",
3331  key_names.data, key_values.data,
3332  RelationGetRelationName(fk_rel)) :
3333  errdetail("Key is still referenced from table \"%s\".",
3334  RelationGetRelationName(fk_rel)),
3335  errtableconstraint(fk_rel, NameStr(riinfo->conname))));
3336 }
3337 
3338 
3339 /* ----------
3340  * ri_NullCheck -
3341  *
3342  * Determine the NULL state of all key values in a tuple
3343  *
3344  * Returns one of RI_KEYS_ALL_NULL, RI_KEYS_NONE_NULL or RI_KEYS_SOME_NULL.
3345  * ----------
3346  */
3347 static int
3348 ri_NullCheck(HeapTuple tup,
3349  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk)
3350 {
3351  const int16 *attnums;
3352  int i;
3353  bool allnull = true;
3354  bool nonenull = true;
3355 
3356  if (rel_is_pk)
3357  attnums = riinfo->pk_attnums;
3358  else
3359  attnums = riinfo->fk_attnums;
3360 
3361  for (i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
3362  {
3363  if (heap_attisnull(tup, attnums[i]))
3364  nonenull = false;
3365  else
3366  allnull = false;
3367  }
3368 
3369  if (allnull)
3370  return RI_KEYS_ALL_NULL;
3371 
3372  if (nonenull)
3373  return RI_KEYS_NONE_NULL;
3374 
3375  return RI_KEYS_SOME_NULL;
3376 }
3377 
3378 
3379 /* ----------
3380  * ri_InitHashTables -
3381  *
3382  * Initialize our internal hash tables.
3383  * ----------
3384  */
3385 static void
3386 ri_InitHashTables(void)
3387 {
3388  HASHCTL ctl;
3389 
3390  memset(&ctl, 0, sizeof(ctl));
3391  ctl.keysize = sizeof(Oid);
3392  ctl.entrysize = sizeof(RI_ConstraintInfo);
3393  ri_constraint_cache = hash_create("RI constraint cache",
3394  RI_INIT_CONSTRAINTHASHSIZE,
3395  &ctl, HASH_ELEM | HASH_BLOBS);
3396 
3397  /* Arrange to flush cache on pg_constraint changes */
3398  CacheRegisterSyscacheCallback(CONSTROID,
3399  InvalidateConstraintCacheCallBack,
3400  (Datum) 0);
3401 
3402  memset(&ctl, 0, sizeof(ctl));
3403  ctl.keysize = sizeof(RI_QueryKey);
3404  ctl.entrysize = sizeof(RI_QueryHashEntry);
3405  ri_query_cache = hash_create("RI query cache",
3406  RI_INIT_QUERYHASHSIZE,
3407  &ctl, HASH_ELEM | HASH_BLOBS);
3408 
3409  memset(&ctl, 0, sizeof(ctl));
3410  ctl.keysize = sizeof(RI_CompareKey);
3411  ctl.entrysize = sizeof(RI_CompareHashEntry);
3412  ri_compare_cache = hash_create("RI compare cache",
3413  RI_INIT_QUERYHASHSIZE,
3414  &ctl, HASH_ELEM | HASH_BLOBS);
3415 }
3416 
3417 
3418 /* ----------
3419  * ri_FetchPreparedPlan -
3420  *
3421  * Lookup for a query key in our private hash table of prepared
3422  * and saved SPI execution plans. Return the plan if found or NULL.
3423  * ----------
3424  */
3425 static SPIPlanPtr
3426 ri_FetchPreparedPlan(RI_QueryKey *key)
3427 {
3428  RI_QueryHashEntry *entry;
3429  SPIPlanPtr plan;
3430 
3431  /*
3432  * On the first call initialize the hashtable
3433  */
3434  if (!ri_query_cache)
3435  ri_InitHashTables();
3436 
3437  /*
3438  * Lookup for the key
3439  */
3440  entry = (RI_QueryHashEntry *) hash_search(ri_query_cache,
3441  (void *) key,
3442  HASH_FIND, NULL);
3443  if (entry == NULL)
3444  return NULL;
3445 
3446  /*
3447  * Check whether the plan is still valid. If it isn't, we don't want to
3448  * simply rely on plancache.c to regenerate it; rather we should start
3449  * from scratch and rebuild the query text too. This is to cover cases
3450  * such as table/column renames. We depend on the plancache machinery to
3451  * detect possible invalidations, though.
3452  *
3453  * CAUTION: this check is only trustworthy if the caller has already
3454  * locked both FK and PK rels.
3455  */
3456  plan = entry->plan;
3457  if (plan && SPI_plan_is_valid(plan))
3458  return plan;
3459 
3460  /*
3461  * Otherwise we might as well flush the cached plan now, to free a little
3462  * memory space before we make a new one.
3463  */
3464  entry->plan = NULL;
3465  if (plan)
3466  SPI_freeplan(plan);
3467 
3468  return NULL;
3469 }
3470 
3471 
3472 /* ----------
3473  * ri_HashPreparedPlan -
3474  *
3475  * Add another plan to our private SPI query plan hashtable.
3476  * ----------
3477  */
3478 static void
3479 ri_HashPreparedPlan(RI_QueryKey *key, SPIPlanPtr plan)
3480 {
3481  RI_QueryHashEntry *entry;
3482  bool found;
3483 
3484  /*
3485  * On the first call initialize the hashtable
3486  */
3487  if (!ri_query_cache)
3488  ri_InitHashTables();
3489 
3490  /*
3491  * Add the new plan. We might be overwriting an entry previously found
3492  * invalid by ri_FetchPreparedPlan.
3493  */
3494  entry = (RI_QueryHashEntry *) hash_search(ri_query_cache,
3495  (void *) key,
3496  HASH_ENTER, &found);
3497  Assert(!found || entry->plan == NULL);
3498  entry->plan = plan;
3499 }
3500 
3501 
3502 /* ----------
3503  * ri_KeysEqual -
3504  *
3505  * Check if all key values in OLD and NEW are equal.
3506  *
3507  * Note: at some point we might wish to redefine this as checking for
3508  * "IS NOT DISTINCT" rather than "=", that is, allow two nulls to be
3509  * considered equal. Currently there is no need since all callers have
3510  * previously found at least one of the rows to contain no nulls.
3511  * ----------
3512  */
3513 static bool
3514 ri_KeysEqual(Relation rel, HeapTuple oldtup, HeapTuple newtup,
3515  const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk)
3516 {
3517  TupleDesc tupdesc = RelationGetDescr(rel);
3518  const int16 *attnums;
3519  const Oid *eq_oprs;
3520  int i;
3521 
3522  if (rel_is_pk)
3523  {
3524  attnums = riinfo->pk_attnums;
3525  eq_oprs = riinfo->pp_eq_oprs;
3526  }
3527  else
3528  {
3529  attnums = riinfo->fk_attnums;
3530  eq_oprs = riinfo->ff_eq_oprs;
3531  }
3532 
3533  for (i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
3534  {
3535  Datum oldvalue;
3536  Datum newvalue;
3537  bool isnull;
3538 
3539  /*
3540  * Get one attribute's oldvalue. If it is NULL - they're not equal.
3541  */
3542  oldvalue = heap_getattr(oldtup, attnums[i], tupdesc, &isnull);
3543  if (isnull)
3544  return false;
3545 
3546  /*
3547  * Get one attribute's newvalue. If it is NULL - they're not equal.
3548  */
3549  newvalue = heap_getattr(newtup, attnums[i], tupdesc, &isnull);
3550  if (isnull)
3551  return false;
3552 
3553  /*
3554  * Compare them with the appropriate equality operator.
3555  */
3556  if (!ri_AttributesEqual(eq_oprs[i], RIAttType(rel, attnums[i]),
3557  oldvalue, newvalue))
3558  return false;
3559  }
3560 
3561  return true;
3562 }
3563 
3564 
3565 /* ----------
3566  * ri_AttributesEqual -
3567  *
3568  * Call the appropriate equality comparison operator for two values.
3569  *
3570  * NB: we have already checked that neither value is null.
3571  * ----------
3572  */
3573 static bool
3574 ri_AttributesEqual(Oid eq_opr, Oid typeid,
3575  Datum oldvalue, Datum newvalue)
3576 {
3577  RI_CompareHashEntry *entry = ri_HashCompareOp(eq_opr, typeid);
3578 
3579  /* Do we need to cast the values? */
3580  if (OidIsValid(entry->cast_func_finfo.fn_oid))
3581  {
3582  oldvalue = FunctionCall3(&entry->cast_func_finfo,
3583  oldvalue,
3584  Int32GetDatum(-1), /* typmod */
3585  BoolGetDatum(false)); /* implicit coercion */
3586  newvalue = FunctionCall3(&entry->cast_func_finfo,
3587  newvalue,
3588  Int32GetDatum(-1), /* typmod */
3589  BoolGetDatum(false)); /* implicit coercion */
3590  }
3591 
3592  /*
3593  * Apply the comparison operator. We assume it doesn't care about
3594  * collations.
3595  */
3596  return DatumGetBool(FunctionCall2(&entry->eq_opr_finfo,
3597  oldvalue, newvalue));
3598 }
3599 
3600 /* ----------
3601  * ri_HashCompareOp -
3602  *
3603  * See if we know how to compare two values, and create a new hash entry
3604  * if not.
3605  * ----------
3606  */
3607 static RI_CompareHashEntry *
3608 ri_HashCompareOp(Oid eq_opr, Oid typeid)
3609 {
3610  RI_CompareKey key;
3611  RI_CompareHashEntry *entry;
3612  bool found;
3613 
3614  /*
3615  * On the first call initialize the hashtable
3616  */
3617  if (!ri_compare_cache)
3618  ri_InitHashTables();
3619 
3620  /*
3621  * Find or create a hash entry. Note we're assuming RI_CompareKey
3622  * contains no struct padding.
3623  */
3624  key.eq_opr = eq_opr;
3625  key.typeid = typeid;
3626  entry = (RI_CompareHashEntry *) hash_search(ri_compare_cache,
3627  (void *) &key,
3628  HASH_ENTER, &found);
3629  if (!found)
3630  entry->valid = false;
3631 
3632  /*
3633  * If not already initialized, do so. Since we'll keep this hash entry
3634  * for the life of the backend, put any subsidiary info for the function
3635  * cache structs into TopMemoryContext.
3636  */
3637  if (!entry->valid)
3638  {
3639  Oid lefttype,
3640  righttype,
3641  castfunc;
3642  CoercionPathType pathtype;
3643 
3644  /* We always need to know how to call the equality operator */
3645  fmgr_info_cxt(get_opcode(eq_opr), &entry->eq_opr_finfo,
3646  TopMemoryContext);
3647 
3648  /*
3649  * If we chose to use a cast from FK to PK type, we may have to apply
3650  * the cast function to get to the operator's input type.
3651  *
3652  * XXX eventually it would be good to support array-coercion cases
3653  * here and in ri_AttributesEqual(). At the moment there is no point
3654  * because cases involving nonidentical array types will be rejected
3655  * at constraint creation time.
3656  *
3657  * XXX perhaps also consider supporting CoerceViaIO? No need at the
3658  * moment since that will never be generated for implicit coercions.
3659  */
3660  op_input_types(eq_opr, &lefttype, &righttype);
3661  Assert(lefttype == righttype);
3662  if (typeid == lefttype)
3663  castfunc = InvalidOid; /* simplest case */
3664  else
3665  {
3666  pathtype = find_coercion_pathway(lefttype, typeid,
3667  COERCION_IMPLICIT,
3668  &castfunc);
3669  if (pathtype != COERCION_PATH_FUNC &&
3670  pathtype != COERCION_PATH_RELABELTYPE)
3671  {
3672  /*
3673  * The declared input type of the eq_opr might be a
3674  * polymorphic type such as ANYARRAY or ANYENUM, or other
3675  * special cases such as RECORD; find_coercion_pathway
3676  * currently doesn't subsume these special cases.
3677  */
3678  if (!IsBinaryCoercible(typeid, lefttype))
3679  elog(ERROR, "no conversion function from %s to %s",
3680  format_type_be(typeid),
3681  format_type_be(lefttype));
3682  }
3683  }
3684  if (OidIsValid(castfunc))
3685  fmgr_info_cxt(castfunc, &entry->cast_func_finfo,
3686  TopMemoryContext);
3687  else
3688  entry->cast_func_finfo.fn_oid = InvalidOid;
3689  entry->valid = true;
3690  }
3691 
3692  return entry;
3693 }
3694 
3695 
3696 /*
3697  * Given a trigger function OID, determine whether it is an RI trigger,
3698  * and if so whether it is attached to PK or FK relation.
3699  */
3700 int
3701 RI_FKey_trigger_type(Oid tgfoid)
3702 {
3703  switch (tgfoid)
3704  {
3705  case F_RI_FKEY_CASCADE_DEL:
3706  case F_RI_FKEY_CASCADE_UPD:
3707  case F_RI_FKEY_RESTRICT_DEL:
3708  case F_RI_FKEY_RESTRICT_UPD:
3709  case F_RI_FKEY_SETNULL_DEL:
3710  case F_RI_FKEY_SETNULL_UPD:
3711  case F_RI_FKEY_SETDEFAULT_DEL:
3712  case F_RI_FKEY_SETDEFAULT_UPD:
3713  case F_RI_FKEY_NOACTION_DEL:
3714  case F_RI_FKEY_NOACTION_UPD:
3715  return RI_TRIGGER_PK;
3716 
3717  case F_RI_FKEY_CHECK_INS:
3718  case F_RI_FKEY_CHECK_UPD:
3719  return RI_TRIGGER_FK;
3720  }
3721 
3722  return RI_TRIGGER_NONE;
3723 }
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Definition: ri_triggers.c:95
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Relation tg_relation
Definition: trigger.h:34
RI_ConstraintInfo::fk_relid
Oid fk_relid
Definition: ri_triggers.c:117
RelationGetNamespace
#define RelationGetNamespace(relation)
Definition: rel.h:443
DatumGetArrayTypeP
#define DatumGetArrayTypeP(X)
Definition: array.h:242