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file_fdw.c
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1 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2  *
3  * file_fdw.c
4  * foreign-data wrapper for server-side flat files (or programs).
5  *
6  * Copyright (c) 2010-2023, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
7  *
8  * IDENTIFICATION
9  * contrib/file_fdw/file_fdw.c
10  *
11  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
12  */
13 #include "postgres.h"
14 
15 #include <sys/stat.h>
16 #include <unistd.h>
17 
18 #include "access/htup_details.h"
19 #include "access/reloptions.h"
20 #include "access/sysattr.h"
21 #include "access/table.h"
22 #include "catalog/pg_authid.h"
24 #include "commands/copy.h"
25 #include "commands/defrem.h"
26 #include "commands/explain.h"
27 #include "commands/vacuum.h"
28 #include "foreign/fdwapi.h"
29 #include "foreign/foreign.h"
30 #include "miscadmin.h"
31 #include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
32 #include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
33 #include "optimizer/pathnode.h"
34 #include "optimizer/planmain.h"
35 #include "optimizer/restrictinfo.h"
36 #include "utils/acl.h"
37 #include "utils/memutils.h"
38 #include "utils/rel.h"
39 #include "utils/sampling.h"
40 #include "utils/varlena.h"
41 
43 
44 /*
45  * Describes the valid options for objects that use this wrapper.
46  */
48 {
49  const char *optname;
50  Oid optcontext; /* Oid of catalog in which option may appear */
51 };
52 
53 /*
54  * Valid options for file_fdw.
55  * These options are based on the options for the COPY FROM command.
56  * But note that force_not_null and force_null are handled as boolean options
57  * attached to a column, not as table options.
58  *
59  * Note: If you are adding new option for user mapping, you need to modify
60  * fileGetOptions(), which currently doesn't bother to look at user mappings.
61  */
62 static const struct FileFdwOption valid_options[] = {
63  /* Data source options */
64  {"filename", ForeignTableRelationId},
65  {"program", ForeignTableRelationId},
66 
67  /* Format options */
68  /* oids option is not supported */
69  {"format", ForeignTableRelationId},
70  {"header", ForeignTableRelationId},
71  {"delimiter", ForeignTableRelationId},
72  {"quote", ForeignTableRelationId},
73  {"escape", ForeignTableRelationId},
74  {"null", ForeignTableRelationId},
75  {"default", ForeignTableRelationId},
76  {"encoding", ForeignTableRelationId},
77  {"force_not_null", AttributeRelationId},
78  {"force_null", AttributeRelationId},
79 
80  /*
81  * force_quote is not supported by file_fdw because it's for COPY TO.
82  */
83 
84  /* Sentinel */
85  {NULL, InvalidOid}
86 };
87 
88 /*
89  * FDW-specific information for RelOptInfo.fdw_private.
90  */
91 typedef struct FileFdwPlanState
92 {
93  char *filename; /* file or program to read from */
94  bool is_program; /* true if filename represents an OS command */
95  List *options; /* merged COPY options, excluding filename and
96  * is_program */
97  BlockNumber pages; /* estimate of file's physical size */
98  double ntuples; /* estimate of number of data rows */
100 
101 /*
102  * FDW-specific information for ForeignScanState.fdw_state.
103  */
104 typedef struct FileFdwExecutionState
105 {
106  char *filename; /* file or program to read from */
107  bool is_program; /* true if filename represents an OS command */
108  List *options; /* merged COPY options, excluding filename and
109  * is_program */
110  CopyFromState cstate; /* COPY execution state */
112 
113 /*
114  * SQL functions
115  */
118 
119 /*
120  * FDW callback routines
121  */
122 static void fileGetForeignRelSize(PlannerInfo *root,
123  RelOptInfo *baserel,
124  Oid foreigntableid);
125 static void fileGetForeignPaths(PlannerInfo *root,
126  RelOptInfo *baserel,
127  Oid foreigntableid);
129  RelOptInfo *baserel,
130  Oid foreigntableid,
131  ForeignPath *best_path,
132  List *tlist,
133  List *scan_clauses,
134  Plan *outer_plan);
136 static void fileBeginForeignScan(ForeignScanState *node, int eflags);
138 static void fileReScanForeignScan(ForeignScanState *node);
139 static void fileEndForeignScan(ForeignScanState *node);
140 static bool fileAnalyzeForeignTable(Relation relation,
141  AcquireSampleRowsFunc *func,
142  BlockNumber *totalpages);
144  RangeTblEntry *rte);
145 
146 /*
147  * Helper functions
148  */
149 static bool is_valid_option(const char *option, Oid context);
150 static void fileGetOptions(Oid foreigntableid,
151  char **filename,
152  bool *is_program,
153  List **other_options);
155 static bool check_selective_binary_conversion(RelOptInfo *baserel,
156  Oid foreigntableid,
157  List **columns);
158 static void estimate_size(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *baserel,
159  FileFdwPlanState *fdw_private);
160 static void estimate_costs(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *baserel,
161  FileFdwPlanState *fdw_private,
162  Cost *startup_cost, Cost *total_cost);
163 static int file_acquire_sample_rows(Relation onerel, int elevel,
164  HeapTuple *rows, int targrows,
165  double *totalrows, double *totaldeadrows);
166 
167 
168 /*
169  * Foreign-data wrapper handler function: return a struct with pointers
170  * to my callback routines.
171  */
172 Datum
174 {
175  FdwRoutine *fdwroutine = makeNode(FdwRoutine);
176 
178  fdwroutine->GetForeignPaths = fileGetForeignPaths;
179  fdwroutine->GetForeignPlan = fileGetForeignPlan;
184  fdwroutine->EndForeignScan = fileEndForeignScan;
187 
188  PG_RETURN_POINTER(fdwroutine);
189 }
190 
191 /*
192  * Validate the generic options given to a FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER, SERVER,
193  * USER MAPPING or FOREIGN TABLE that uses file_fdw.
194  *
195  * Raise an ERROR if the option or its value is considered invalid.
196  */
197 Datum
199 {
200  List *options_list = untransformRelOptions(PG_GETARG_DATUM(0));
201  Oid catalog = PG_GETARG_OID(1);
202  char *filename = NULL;
203  DefElem *force_not_null = NULL;
204  DefElem *force_null = NULL;
205  List *other_options = NIL;
206  ListCell *cell;
207 
208  /*
209  * Check that only options supported by file_fdw, and allowed for the
210  * current object type, are given.
211  */
212  foreach(cell, options_list)
213  {
214  DefElem *def = (DefElem *) lfirst(cell);
215 
216  if (!is_valid_option(def->defname, catalog))
217  {
218  const struct FileFdwOption *opt;
219  const char *closest_match;
221  bool has_valid_options = false;
222 
223  /*
224  * Unknown option specified, complain about it. Provide a hint
225  * with a valid option that looks similar, if there is one.
226  */
228  for (opt = valid_options; opt->optname; opt++)
229  {
230  if (catalog == opt->optcontext)
231  {
232  has_valid_options = true;
234  }
235  }
236 
237  closest_match = getClosestMatch(&match_state);
238  ereport(ERROR,
239  (errcode(ERRCODE_FDW_INVALID_OPTION_NAME),
240  errmsg("invalid option \"%s\"", def->defname),
241  has_valid_options ? closest_match ?
242  errhint("Perhaps you meant the option \"%s\".",
243  closest_match) : 0 :
244  errhint("There are no valid options in this context.")));
245  }
246 
247  /*
248  * Separate out filename, program, and column-specific options, since
249  * ProcessCopyOptions won't accept them.
250  */
251  if (strcmp(def->defname, "filename") == 0 ||
252  strcmp(def->defname, "program") == 0)
253  {
254  if (filename)
255  ereport(ERROR,
256  (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
257  errmsg("conflicting or redundant options")));
258 
259  /*
260  * Check permissions for changing which file or program is used by
261  * the file_fdw.
262  *
263  * Only members of the role 'pg_read_server_files' are allowed to
264  * set the 'filename' option of a file_fdw foreign table, while
265  * only members of the role 'pg_execute_server_program' are
266  * allowed to set the 'program' option. This is because we don't
267  * want regular users to be able to control which file gets read
268  * or which program gets executed.
269  *
270  * Putting this sort of permissions check in a validator is a bit
271  * of a crock, but there doesn't seem to be any other place that
272  * can enforce the check more cleanly.
273  *
274  * Note that the valid_options[] array disallows setting filename
275  * and program at any options level other than foreign table ---
276  * otherwise there'd still be a security hole.
277  */
278  if (strcmp(def->defname, "filename") == 0 &&
279  !has_privs_of_role(GetUserId(), ROLE_PG_READ_SERVER_FILES))
280  ereport(ERROR,
281  (errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
282  errmsg("permission denied to set the \"%s\" option of a file_fdw foreign table",
283  "filename"),
284  errdetail("Only roles with privileges of the \"%s\" role may set this option.",
285  "pg_read_server_files")));
286 
287  if (strcmp(def->defname, "program") == 0 &&
288  !has_privs_of_role(GetUserId(), ROLE_PG_EXECUTE_SERVER_PROGRAM))
289  ereport(ERROR,
290  (errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
291  errmsg("permission denied to set the \"%s\" option of a file_fdw foreign table",
292  "program"),
293  errdetail("Only roles with privileges of the \"%s\" role may set this option.",
294  "pg_execute_server_program")));
295 
296  filename = defGetString(def);
297  }
298 
299  /*
300  * force_not_null is a boolean option; after validation we can discard
301  * it - it will be retrieved later in get_file_fdw_attribute_options()
302  */
303  else if (strcmp(def->defname, "force_not_null") == 0)
304  {
305  if (force_not_null)
306  ereport(ERROR,
307  (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
308  errmsg("conflicting or redundant options"),
309  errhint("Option \"force_not_null\" supplied more than once for a column.")));
310  force_not_null = def;
311  /* Don't care what the value is, as long as it's a legal boolean */
312  (void) defGetBoolean(def);
313  }
314  /* See comments for force_not_null above */
315  else if (strcmp(def->defname, "force_null") == 0)
316  {
317  if (force_null)
318  ereport(ERROR,
319  (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
320  errmsg("conflicting or redundant options"),
321  errhint("Option \"force_null\" supplied more than once for a column.")));
322  force_null = def;
323  (void) defGetBoolean(def);
324  }
325  else
326  other_options = lappend(other_options, def);
327  }
328 
329  /*
330  * Now apply the core COPY code's validation logic for more checks.
331  */
332  ProcessCopyOptions(NULL, NULL, true, other_options);
333 
334  /*
335  * Either filename or program option is required for file_fdw foreign
336  * tables.
337  */
338  if (catalog == ForeignTableRelationId && filename == NULL)
339  ereport(ERROR,
340  (errcode(ERRCODE_FDW_DYNAMIC_PARAMETER_VALUE_NEEDED),
341  errmsg("either filename or program is required for file_fdw foreign tables")));
342 
343  PG_RETURN_VOID();
344 }
345 
346 /*
347  * Check if the provided option is one of the valid options.
348  * context is the Oid of the catalog holding the object the option is for.
349  */
350 static bool
351 is_valid_option(const char *option, Oid context)
352 {
353  const struct FileFdwOption *opt;
354 
355  for (opt = valid_options; opt->optname; opt++)
356  {
357  if (context == opt->optcontext && strcmp(opt->optname, option) == 0)
358  return true;
359  }
360  return false;
361 }
362 
363 /*
364  * Fetch the options for a file_fdw foreign table.
365  *
366  * We have to separate out filename/program from the other options because
367  * those must not appear in the options list passed to the core COPY code.
368  */
369 static void
370 fileGetOptions(Oid foreigntableid,
371  char **filename, bool *is_program, List **other_options)
372 {
373  ForeignTable *table;
374  ForeignServer *server;
375  ForeignDataWrapper *wrapper;
376  List *options;
377  ListCell *lc;
378 
379  /*
380  * Extract options from FDW objects. We ignore user mappings because
381  * file_fdw doesn't have any options that can be specified there.
382  *
383  * (XXX Actually, given the current contents of valid_options[], there's
384  * no point in examining anything except the foreign table's own options.
385  * Simplify?)
386  */
387  table = GetForeignTable(foreigntableid);
388  server = GetForeignServer(table->serverid);
389  wrapper = GetForeignDataWrapper(server->fdwid);
390 
391  options = NIL;
392  options = list_concat(options, wrapper->options);
393  options = list_concat(options, server->options);
394  options = list_concat(options, table->options);
396 
397  /*
398  * Separate out the filename or program option (we assume there is only
399  * one).
400  */
401  *filename = NULL;
402  *is_program = false;
403  foreach(lc, options)
404  {
405  DefElem *def = (DefElem *) lfirst(lc);
406 
407  if (strcmp(def->defname, "filename") == 0)
408  {
409  *filename = defGetString(def);
411  break;
412  }
413  else if (strcmp(def->defname, "program") == 0)
414  {
415  *filename = defGetString(def);
416  *is_program = true;
418  break;
419  }
420  }
421 
422  /*
423  * The validator should have checked that filename or program was included
424  * in the options, but check again, just in case.
425  */
426  if (*filename == NULL)
427  elog(ERROR, "either filename or program is required for file_fdw foreign tables");
428 
429  *other_options = options;
430 }
431 
432 /*
433  * Retrieve per-column generic options from pg_attribute and construct a list
434  * of DefElems representing them.
435  *
436  * At the moment we only have "force_not_null", and "force_null",
437  * which should each be combined into a single DefElem listing all such
438  * columns, since that's what COPY expects.
439  */
440 static List *
442 {
443  Relation rel;
444  TupleDesc tupleDesc;
445  AttrNumber natts;
447  List *fnncolumns = NIL;
448  List *fncolumns = NIL;
449 
450  List *options = NIL;
451 
452  rel = table_open(relid, AccessShareLock);
453  tupleDesc = RelationGetDescr(rel);
454  natts = tupleDesc->natts;
455 
456  /* Retrieve FDW options for all user-defined attributes. */
457  for (attnum = 1; attnum <= natts; attnum++)
458  {
459  Form_pg_attribute attr = TupleDescAttr(tupleDesc, attnum - 1);
460  List *column_options;
461  ListCell *lc;
462 
463  /* Skip dropped attributes. */
464  if (attr->attisdropped)
465  continue;
466 
467  column_options = GetForeignColumnOptions(relid, attnum);
468  foreach(lc, column_options)
469  {
470  DefElem *def = (DefElem *) lfirst(lc);
471 
472  if (strcmp(def->defname, "force_not_null") == 0)
473  {
474  if (defGetBoolean(def))
475  {
476  char *attname = pstrdup(NameStr(attr->attname));
477 
478  fnncolumns = lappend(fnncolumns, makeString(attname));
479  }
480  }
481  else if (strcmp(def->defname, "force_null") == 0)
482  {
483  if (defGetBoolean(def))
484  {
485  char *attname = pstrdup(NameStr(attr->attname));
486 
487  fncolumns = lappend(fncolumns, makeString(attname));
488  }
489  }
490  /* maybe in future handle other column options here */
491  }
492  }
493 
495 
496  /*
497  * Return DefElem only when some column(s) have force_not_null /
498  * force_null options set
499  */
500  if (fnncolumns != NIL)
501  options = lappend(options, makeDefElem("force_not_null", (Node *) fnncolumns, -1));
502 
503  if (fncolumns != NIL)
504  options = lappend(options, makeDefElem("force_null", (Node *) fncolumns, -1));
505 
506  return options;
507 }
508 
509 /*
510  * fileGetForeignRelSize
511  * Obtain relation size estimates for a foreign table
512  */
513 static void
515  RelOptInfo *baserel,
516  Oid foreigntableid)
517 {
518  FileFdwPlanState *fdw_private;
519 
520  /*
521  * Fetch options. We only need filename (or program) at this point, but
522  * we might as well get everything and not need to re-fetch it later in
523  * planning.
524  */
525  fdw_private = (FileFdwPlanState *) palloc(sizeof(FileFdwPlanState));
526  fileGetOptions(foreigntableid,
527  &fdw_private->filename,
528  &fdw_private->is_program,
529  &fdw_private->options);
530  baserel->fdw_private = (void *) fdw_private;
531 
532  /* Estimate relation size */
533  estimate_size(root, baserel, fdw_private);
534 }
535 
536 /*
537  * fileGetForeignPaths
538  * Create possible access paths for a scan on the foreign table
539  *
540  * Currently we don't support any push-down feature, so there is only one
541  * possible access path, which simply returns all records in the order in
542  * the data file.
543  */
544 static void
546  RelOptInfo *baserel,
547  Oid foreigntableid)
548 {
549  FileFdwPlanState *fdw_private = (FileFdwPlanState *) baserel->fdw_private;
550  Cost startup_cost;
551  Cost total_cost;
552  List *columns;
553  List *coptions = NIL;
554 
555  /* Decide whether to selectively perform binary conversion */
557  foreigntableid,
558  &columns))
559  coptions = list_make1(makeDefElem("convert_selectively",
560  (Node *) columns, -1));
561 
562  /* Estimate costs */
563  estimate_costs(root, baserel, fdw_private,
564  &startup_cost, &total_cost);
565 
566  /*
567  * Create a ForeignPath node and add it as only possible path. We use the
568  * fdw_private list of the path to carry the convert_selectively option;
569  * it will be propagated into the fdw_private list of the Plan node.
570  *
571  * We don't support pushing join clauses into the quals of this path, but
572  * it could still have required parameterization due to LATERAL refs in
573  * its tlist.
574  */
575  add_path(baserel, (Path *)
576  create_foreignscan_path(root, baserel,
577  NULL, /* default pathtarget */
578  baserel->rows,
579  startup_cost,
580  total_cost,
581  NIL, /* no pathkeys */
582  baserel->lateral_relids,
583  NULL, /* no extra plan */
584  coptions));
585 
586  /*
587  * If data file was sorted, and we knew it somehow, we could insert
588  * appropriate pathkeys into the ForeignPath node to tell the planner
589  * that.
590  */
591 }
592 
593 /*
594  * fileGetForeignPlan
595  * Create a ForeignScan plan node for scanning the foreign table
596  */
597 static ForeignScan *
599  RelOptInfo *baserel,
600  Oid foreigntableid,
601  ForeignPath *best_path,
602  List *tlist,
603  List *scan_clauses,
604  Plan *outer_plan)
605 {
606  Index scan_relid = baserel->relid;
607 
608  /*
609  * We have no native ability to evaluate restriction clauses, so we just
610  * put all the scan_clauses into the plan node's qual list for the
611  * executor to check. So all we have to do here is strip RestrictInfo
612  * nodes from the clauses and ignore pseudoconstants (which will be
613  * handled elsewhere).
614  */
615  scan_clauses = extract_actual_clauses(scan_clauses, false);
616 
617  /* Create the ForeignScan node */
618  return make_foreignscan(tlist,
619  scan_clauses,
620  scan_relid,
621  NIL, /* no expressions to evaluate */
622  best_path->fdw_private,
623  NIL, /* no custom tlist */
624  NIL, /* no remote quals */
625  outer_plan);
626 }
627 
628 /*
629  * fileExplainForeignScan
630  * Produce extra output for EXPLAIN
631  */
632 static void
634 {
635  char *filename;
636  bool is_program;
637  List *options;
638 
639  /* Fetch options --- we only need filename and is_program at this point */
641  &filename, &is_program, &options);
642 
643  if (is_program)
644  ExplainPropertyText("Foreign Program", filename, es);
645  else
646  ExplainPropertyText("Foreign File", filename, es);
647 
648  /* Suppress file size if we're not showing cost details */
649  if (es->costs)
650  {
651  struct stat stat_buf;
652 
653  if (!is_program &&
654  stat(filename, &stat_buf) == 0)
655  ExplainPropertyInteger("Foreign File Size", "b",
656  (int64) stat_buf.st_size, es);
657  }
658 }
659 
660 /*
661  * fileBeginForeignScan
662  * Initiate access to the file by creating CopyState
663  */
664 static void
666 {
667  ForeignScan *plan = (ForeignScan *) node->ss.ps.plan;
668  char *filename;
669  bool is_program;
670  List *options;
671  CopyFromState cstate;
672  FileFdwExecutionState *festate;
673 
674  /*
675  * Do nothing in EXPLAIN (no ANALYZE) case. node->fdw_state stays NULL.
676  */
677  if (eflags & EXEC_FLAG_EXPLAIN_ONLY)
678  return;
679 
680  /* Fetch options of foreign table */
682  &filename, &is_program, &options);
683 
684  /* Add any options from the plan (currently only convert_selectively) */
686 
687  /*
688  * Create CopyState from FDW options. We always acquire all columns, so
689  * as to match the expected ScanTupleSlot signature.
690  */
691  cstate = BeginCopyFrom(NULL,
692  node->ss.ss_currentRelation,
693  NULL,
694  filename,
695  is_program,
696  NULL,
697  NIL,
698  options);
699 
700  /*
701  * Save state in node->fdw_state. We must save enough information to call
702  * BeginCopyFrom() again.
703  */
704  festate = (FileFdwExecutionState *) palloc(sizeof(FileFdwExecutionState));
705  festate->filename = filename;
706  festate->is_program = is_program;
707  festate->options = options;
708  festate->cstate = cstate;
709 
710  node->fdw_state = (void *) festate;
711 }
712 
713 /*
714  * fileIterateForeignScan
715  * Read next record from the data file and store it into the
716  * ScanTupleSlot as a virtual tuple
717  */
718 static TupleTableSlot *
720 {
722  EState *estate = CreateExecutorState();
723  ExprContext *econtext;
724  MemoryContext oldcontext;
725  TupleTableSlot *slot = node->ss.ss_ScanTupleSlot;
726  bool found;
727  ErrorContextCallback errcallback;
728 
729  /* Set up callback to identify error line number. */
730  errcallback.callback = CopyFromErrorCallback;
731  errcallback.arg = (void *) festate->cstate;
732  errcallback.previous = error_context_stack;
733  error_context_stack = &errcallback;
734 
735  /*
736  * The protocol for loading a virtual tuple into a slot is first
737  * ExecClearTuple, then fill the values/isnull arrays, then
738  * ExecStoreVirtualTuple. If we don't find another row in the file, we
739  * just skip the last step, leaving the slot empty as required.
740  *
741  * We pass ExprContext because there might be a use of the DEFAULT option
742  * in COPY FROM, so we may need to evaluate default expressions.
743  */
744  ExecClearTuple(slot);
745  econtext = GetPerTupleExprContext(estate);
746 
747  /*
748  * DEFAULT expressions need to be evaluated in a per-tuple context, so
749  * switch in case we are doing that.
750  */
751  oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(GetPerTupleMemoryContext(estate));
752  found = NextCopyFrom(festate->cstate, econtext,
753  slot->tts_values, slot->tts_isnull);
754  if (found)
755  ExecStoreVirtualTuple(slot);
756 
757  /* Switch back to original memory context */
758  MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
759 
760  /* Remove error callback. */
761  error_context_stack = errcallback.previous;
762 
763  return slot;
764 }
765 
766 /*
767  * fileReScanForeignScan
768  * Rescan table, possibly with new parameters
769  */
770 static void
772 {
774 
775  EndCopyFrom(festate->cstate);
776 
777  festate->cstate = BeginCopyFrom(NULL,
778  node->ss.ss_currentRelation,
779  NULL,
780  festate->filename,
781  festate->is_program,
782  NULL,
783  NIL,
784  festate->options);
785 }
786 
787 /*
788  * fileEndForeignScan
789  * Finish scanning foreign table and dispose objects used for this scan
790  */
791 static void
793 {
795 
796  /* if festate is NULL, we are in EXPLAIN; nothing to do */
797  if (festate)
798  EndCopyFrom(festate->cstate);
799 }
800 
801 /*
802  * fileAnalyzeForeignTable
803  * Test whether analyzing this foreign table is supported
804  */
805 static bool
807  AcquireSampleRowsFunc *func,
808  BlockNumber *totalpages)
809 {
810  char *filename;
811  bool is_program;
812  List *options;
813  struct stat stat_buf;
814 
815  /* Fetch options of foreign table */
816  fileGetOptions(RelationGetRelid(relation), &filename, &is_program, &options);
817 
818  /*
819  * If this is a program instead of a file, just return false to skip
820  * analyzing the table. We could run the program and collect stats on
821  * whatever it currently returns, but it seems likely that in such cases
822  * the output would be too volatile for the stats to be useful. Maybe
823  * there should be an option to enable doing this?
824  */
825  if (is_program)
826  return false;
827 
828  /*
829  * Get size of the file. (XXX if we fail here, would it be better to just
830  * return false to skip analyzing the table?)
831  */
832  if (stat(filename, &stat_buf) < 0)
833  ereport(ERROR,
835  errmsg("could not stat file \"%s\": %m",
836  filename)));
837 
838  /*
839  * Convert size to pages. Must return at least 1 so that we can tell
840  * later on that pg_class.relpages is not default.
841  */
842  *totalpages = (stat_buf.st_size + (BLCKSZ - 1)) / BLCKSZ;
843  if (*totalpages < 1)
844  *totalpages = 1;
845 
846  *func = file_acquire_sample_rows;
847 
848  return true;
849 }
850 
851 /*
852  * fileIsForeignScanParallelSafe
853  * Reading a file, or external program, in a parallel worker should work
854  * just the same as reading it in the leader, so mark scans safe.
855  */
856 static bool
858  RangeTblEntry *rte)
859 {
860  return true;
861 }
862 
863 /*
864  * check_selective_binary_conversion
865  *
866  * Check to see if it's useful to convert only a subset of the file's columns
867  * to binary. If so, construct a list of the column names to be converted,
868  * return that at *columns, and return true. (Note that it's possible to
869  * determine that no columns need be converted, for instance with a COUNT(*)
870  * query. So we can't use returning a NIL list to indicate failure.)
871  */
872 static bool
874  Oid foreigntableid,
875  List **columns)
876 {
877  ForeignTable *table;
878  ListCell *lc;
879  Relation rel;
880  TupleDesc tupleDesc;
881  int attidx;
882  Bitmapset *attrs_used = NULL;
883  bool has_wholerow = false;
884  int numattrs;
885  int i;
886 
887  *columns = NIL; /* default result */
888 
889  /*
890  * Check format of the file. If binary format, this is irrelevant.
891  */
892  table = GetForeignTable(foreigntableid);
893  foreach(lc, table->options)
894  {
895  DefElem *def = (DefElem *) lfirst(lc);
896 
897  if (strcmp(def->defname, "format") == 0)
898  {
899  char *format = defGetString(def);
900 
901  if (strcmp(format, "binary") == 0)
902  return false;
903  break;
904  }
905  }
906 
907  /* Collect all the attributes needed for joins or final output. */
908  pull_varattnos((Node *) baserel->reltarget->exprs, baserel->relid,
909  &attrs_used);
910 
911  /* Add all the attributes used by restriction clauses. */
912  foreach(lc, baserel->baserestrictinfo)
913  {
914  RestrictInfo *rinfo = (RestrictInfo *) lfirst(lc);
915 
916  pull_varattnos((Node *) rinfo->clause, baserel->relid,
917  &attrs_used);
918  }
919 
920  /* Convert attribute numbers to column names. */
921  rel = table_open(foreigntableid, AccessShareLock);
922  tupleDesc = RelationGetDescr(rel);
923 
924  attidx = -1;
925  while ((attidx = bms_next_member(attrs_used, attidx)) >= 0)
926  {
927  /* attidx is zero-based, attnum is the normal attribute number */
929 
930  if (attnum == 0)
931  {
932  has_wholerow = true;
933  break;
934  }
935 
936  /* Ignore system attributes. */
937  if (attnum < 0)
938  continue;
939 
940  /* Get user attributes. */
941  if (attnum > 0)
942  {
943  Form_pg_attribute attr = TupleDescAttr(tupleDesc, attnum - 1);
944  char *attname = NameStr(attr->attname);
945 
946  /* Skip dropped attributes (probably shouldn't see any here). */
947  if (attr->attisdropped)
948  continue;
949 
950  /*
951  * Skip generated columns (COPY won't accept them in the column
952  * list)
953  */
954  if (attr->attgenerated)
955  continue;
956  *columns = lappend(*columns, makeString(pstrdup(attname)));
957  }
958  }
959 
960  /* Count non-dropped user attributes while we have the tupdesc. */
961  numattrs = 0;
962  for (i = 0; i < tupleDesc->natts; i++)
963  {
964  Form_pg_attribute attr = TupleDescAttr(tupleDesc, i);
965 
966  if (attr->attisdropped)
967  continue;
968  numattrs++;
969  }
970 
972 
973  /* If there's a whole-row reference, fail: we need all the columns. */
974  if (has_wholerow)
975  {
976  *columns = NIL;
977  return false;
978  }
979 
980  /* If all the user attributes are needed, fail. */
981  if (numattrs == list_length(*columns))
982  {
983  *columns = NIL;
984  return false;
985  }
986 
987  return true;
988 }
989 
990 /*
991  * Estimate size of a foreign table.
992  *
993  * The main result is returned in baserel->rows. We also set
994  * fdw_private->pages and fdw_private->ntuples for later use in the cost
995  * calculation.
996  */
997 static void
999  FileFdwPlanState *fdw_private)
1000 {
1001  struct stat stat_buf;
1002  BlockNumber pages;
1003  double ntuples;
1004  double nrows;
1005 
1006  /*
1007  * Get size of the file. It might not be there at plan time, though, in
1008  * which case we have to use a default estimate. We also have to fall
1009  * back to the default if using a program as the input.
1010  */
1011  if (fdw_private->is_program || stat(fdw_private->filename, &stat_buf) < 0)
1012  stat_buf.st_size = 10 * BLCKSZ;
1013 
1014  /*
1015  * Convert size to pages for use in I/O cost estimate later.
1016  */
1017  pages = (stat_buf.st_size + (BLCKSZ - 1)) / BLCKSZ;
1018  if (pages < 1)
1019  pages = 1;
1020  fdw_private->pages = pages;
1021 
1022  /*
1023  * Estimate the number of tuples in the file.
1024  */
1025  if (baserel->tuples >= 0 && baserel->pages > 0)
1026  {
1027  /*
1028  * We have # of pages and # of tuples from pg_class (that is, from a
1029  * previous ANALYZE), so compute a tuples-per-page estimate and scale
1030  * that by the current file size.
1031  */
1032  double density;
1033 
1034  density = baserel->tuples / (double) baserel->pages;
1035  ntuples = clamp_row_est(density * (double) pages);
1036  }
1037  else
1038  {
1039  /*
1040  * Otherwise we have to fake it. We back into this estimate using the
1041  * planner's idea of the relation width; which is bogus if not all
1042  * columns are being read, not to mention that the text representation
1043  * of a row probably isn't the same size as its internal
1044  * representation. Possibly we could do something better, but the
1045  * real answer to anyone who complains is "ANALYZE" ...
1046  */
1047  int tuple_width;
1048 
1049  tuple_width = MAXALIGN(baserel->reltarget->width) +
1051  ntuples = clamp_row_est((double) stat_buf.st_size /
1052  (double) tuple_width);
1053  }
1054  fdw_private->ntuples = ntuples;
1055 
1056  /*
1057  * Now estimate the number of rows returned by the scan after applying the
1058  * baserestrictinfo quals.
1059  */
1060  nrows = ntuples *
1062  baserel->baserestrictinfo,
1063  0,
1064  JOIN_INNER,
1065  NULL);
1066 
1067  nrows = clamp_row_est(nrows);
1068 
1069  /* Save the output-rows estimate for the planner */
1070  baserel->rows = nrows;
1071 }
1072 
1073 /*
1074  * Estimate costs of scanning a foreign table.
1075  *
1076  * Results are returned in *startup_cost and *total_cost.
1077  */
1078 static void
1080  FileFdwPlanState *fdw_private,
1081  Cost *startup_cost, Cost *total_cost)
1082 {
1083  BlockNumber pages = fdw_private->pages;
1084  double ntuples = fdw_private->ntuples;
1085  Cost run_cost = 0;
1086  Cost cpu_per_tuple;
1087 
1088  /*
1089  * We estimate costs almost the same way as cost_seqscan(), thus assuming
1090  * that I/O costs are equivalent to a regular table file of the same size.
1091  * However, we take per-tuple CPU costs as 10x of a seqscan, to account
1092  * for the cost of parsing records.
1093  *
1094  * In the case of a program source, this calculation is even more divorced
1095  * from reality, but we have no good alternative; and it's not clear that
1096  * the numbers we produce here matter much anyway, since there's only one
1097  * access path for the rel.
1098  */
1099  run_cost += seq_page_cost * pages;
1100 
1101  *startup_cost = baserel->baserestrictcost.startup;
1102  cpu_per_tuple = cpu_tuple_cost * 10 + baserel->baserestrictcost.per_tuple;
1103  run_cost += cpu_per_tuple * ntuples;
1104  *total_cost = *startup_cost + run_cost;
1105 }
1106 
1107 /*
1108  * file_acquire_sample_rows -- acquire a random sample of rows from the table
1109  *
1110  * Selected rows are returned in the caller-allocated array rows[],
1111  * which must have at least targrows entries.
1112  * The actual number of rows selected is returned as the function result.
1113  * We also count the total number of rows in the file and return it into
1114  * *totalrows. Note that *totaldeadrows is always set to 0.
1115  *
1116  * Note that the returned list of rows is not always in order by physical
1117  * position in the file. Therefore, correlation estimates derived later
1118  * may be meaningless, but it's OK because we don't use the estimates
1119  * currently (the planner only pays attention to correlation for indexscans).
1120  */
1121 static int
1123  HeapTuple *rows, int targrows,
1124  double *totalrows, double *totaldeadrows)
1125 {
1126  int numrows = 0;
1127  double rowstoskip = -1; /* -1 means not set yet */
1128  ReservoirStateData rstate;
1129  TupleDesc tupDesc;
1130  Datum *values;
1131  bool *nulls;
1132  bool found;
1133  char *filename;
1134  bool is_program;
1135  List *options;
1136  CopyFromState cstate;
1137  ErrorContextCallback errcallback;
1138  MemoryContext oldcontext = CurrentMemoryContext;
1139  MemoryContext tupcontext;
1140 
1141  Assert(onerel);
1142  Assert(targrows > 0);
1143 
1144  tupDesc = RelationGetDescr(onerel);
1145  values = (Datum *) palloc(tupDesc->natts * sizeof(Datum));
1146  nulls = (bool *) palloc(tupDesc->natts * sizeof(bool));
1147 
1148  /* Fetch options of foreign table */
1149  fileGetOptions(RelationGetRelid(onerel), &filename, &is_program, &options);
1150 
1151  /*
1152  * Create CopyState from FDW options.
1153  */
1154  cstate = BeginCopyFrom(NULL, onerel, NULL, filename, is_program, NULL, NIL,
1155  options);
1156 
1157  /*
1158  * Use per-tuple memory context to prevent leak of memory used to read
1159  * rows from the file with Copy routines.
1160  */
1162  "file_fdw temporary context",
1164 
1165  /* Prepare for sampling rows */
1166  reservoir_init_selection_state(&rstate, targrows);
1167 
1168  /* Set up callback to identify error line number. */
1169  errcallback.callback = CopyFromErrorCallback;
1170  errcallback.arg = (void *) cstate;
1171  errcallback.previous = error_context_stack;
1172  error_context_stack = &errcallback;
1173 
1174  *totalrows = 0;
1175  *totaldeadrows = 0;
1176  for (;;)
1177  {
1178  /* Check for user-requested abort or sleep */
1180 
1181  /* Fetch next row */
1182  MemoryContextReset(tupcontext);
1183  MemoryContextSwitchTo(tupcontext);
1184 
1185  found = NextCopyFrom(cstate, NULL, values, nulls);
1186 
1187  MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
1188 
1189  if (!found)
1190  break;
1191 
1192  /*
1193  * The first targrows sample rows are simply copied into the
1194  * reservoir. Then we start replacing tuples in the sample until we
1195  * reach the end of the relation. This algorithm is from Jeff Vitter's
1196  * paper (see more info in commands/analyze.c).
1197  */
1198  if (numrows < targrows)
1199  {
1200  rows[numrows++] = heap_form_tuple(tupDesc, values, nulls);
1201  }
1202  else
1203  {
1204  /*
1205  * t in Vitter's paper is the number of records already processed.
1206  * If we need to compute a new S value, we must use the
1207  * not-yet-incremented value of totalrows as t.
1208  */
1209  if (rowstoskip < 0)
1210  rowstoskip = reservoir_get_next_S(&rstate, *totalrows, targrows);
1211 
1212  if (rowstoskip <= 0)
1213  {
1214  /*
1215  * Found a suitable tuple, so save it, replacing one old tuple
1216  * at random
1217  */
1218  int k = (int) (targrows * sampler_random_fract(&rstate.randstate));
1219 
1220  Assert(k >= 0 && k < targrows);
1221  heap_freetuple(rows[k]);
1222  rows[k] = heap_form_tuple(tupDesc, values, nulls);
1223  }
1224 
1225  rowstoskip -= 1;
1226  }
1227 
1228  *totalrows += 1;
1229  }
1230 
1231  /* Remove error callback. */
1232  error_context_stack = errcallback.previous;
1233 
1234  /* Clean up. */
1235  MemoryContextDelete(tupcontext);
1236 
1237  EndCopyFrom(cstate);
1238 
1239  pfree(values);
1240  pfree(nulls);
1241 
1242  /*
1243  * Emit some interesting relation info
1244  */
1245  ereport(elevel,
1246  (errmsg("\"%s\": file contains %.0f rows; "
1247  "%d rows in sample",
1248  RelationGetRelationName(onerel),
1249  *totalrows, numrows)));
1250 
1251  return numrows;
1252 }
bool has_privs_of_role(Oid member, Oid role)
Definition: acl.c:4969
int16 AttrNumber
Definition: attnum.h:21
void ProcessCopyOptions(ParseState *pstate, CopyFormatOptions *opts_out, bool is_from, List *options)
Definition: copy.c:414
int bms_next_member(const Bitmapset *a, int prevbit)
Definition: bitmapset.c:1039
uint32 BlockNumber
Definition: block.h:31
static Datum values[MAXATTR]
Definition: bootstrap.c:156
#define NameStr(name)
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#define MAXALIGN(LEN)
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unsigned int Index
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Selectivity clauselist_selectivity(PlannerInfo *root, List *clauses, int varRelid, JoinType jointype, SpecialJoinInfo *sjinfo)
Definition: clausesel.c:102
CopyFromState BeginCopyFrom(ParseState *pstate, Relation rel, Node *whereClause, const char *filename, bool is_program, copy_data_source_cb data_source_cb, List *attnamelist, List *options)
Definition: copyfrom.c:1334
void EndCopyFrom(CopyFromState cstate)
Definition: copyfrom.c:1717
void CopyFromErrorCallback(void *arg)
Definition: copyfrom.c:116
bool NextCopyFrom(CopyFromState cstate, ExprContext *econtext, Datum *values, bool *nulls)
double cpu_tuple_cost
Definition: costsize.c:122
double seq_page_cost
Definition: costsize.c:120
double clamp_row_est(double nrows)
Definition: costsize.c:203
ForeignScan * make_foreignscan(List *qptlist, List *qpqual, Index scanrelid, List *fdw_exprs, List *fdw_private, List *fdw_scan_tlist, List *fdw_recheck_quals, Plan *outer_plan)
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Definition: define.c:108
char * defGetString(DefElem *def)
Definition: define.c:49
int errcode_for_file_access(void)
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int errdetail(const char *fmt,...)
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ErrorContextCallback * error_context_stack
Definition: elog.c:95
int errhint(const char *fmt,...)
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int errcode(int sqlerrcode)
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int errmsg(const char *fmt,...)
Definition: elog.c:1069
#define ERROR
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#define ereport(elevel,...)
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TupleTableSlot * ExecStoreVirtualTuple(TupleTableSlot *slot)
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EState * CreateExecutorState(void)
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#define GetPerTupleExprContext(estate)
Definition: executor.h:538
#define GetPerTupleMemoryContext(estate)
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#define EXEC_FLAG_EXPLAIN_ONLY
Definition: executor.h:56
void ExplainPropertyText(const char *qlabel, const char *value, ExplainState *es)
Definition: explain.c:4540
void ExplainPropertyInteger(const char *qlabel, const char *unit, int64 value, ExplainState *es)
Definition: explain.c:4549
int(* AcquireSampleRowsFunc)(Relation relation, int elevel, HeapTuple *rows, int targrows, double *totalrows, double *totaldeadrows)
Definition: fdwapi.h:151
static ForeignScan * fileGetForeignPlan(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *baserel, Oid foreigntableid, ForeignPath *best_path, List *tlist, List *scan_clauses, Plan *outer_plan)
Definition: file_fdw.c:598
static void fileEndForeignScan(ForeignScanState *node)
Definition: file_fdw.c:792
Datum file_fdw_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
Definition: file_fdw.c:173
static bool check_selective_binary_conversion(RelOptInfo *baserel, Oid foreigntableid, List **columns)
Definition: file_fdw.c:873
static void fileGetForeignRelSize(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *baserel, Oid foreigntableid)
Definition: file_fdw.c:514
static void fileExplainForeignScan(ForeignScanState *node, ExplainState *es)
Definition: file_fdw.c:633
static List * get_file_fdw_attribute_options(Oid relid)
Definition: file_fdw.c:441
PG_MODULE_MAGIC
Definition: file_fdw.c:42
Datum file_fdw_validator(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
Definition: file_fdw.c:198
static void estimate_costs(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *baserel, FileFdwPlanState *fdw_private, Cost *startup_cost, Cost *total_cost)
Definition: file_fdw.c:1079
static int file_acquire_sample_rows(Relation onerel, int elevel, HeapTuple *rows, int targrows, double *totalrows, double *totaldeadrows)
Definition: file_fdw.c:1122
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(file_fdw_handler)
static const struct FileFdwOption valid_options[]
Definition: file_fdw.c:62
static bool fileAnalyzeForeignTable(Relation relation, AcquireSampleRowsFunc *func, BlockNumber *totalpages)
Definition: file_fdw.c:806
static void fileReScanForeignScan(ForeignScanState *node)
Definition: file_fdw.c:771
struct FileFdwExecutionState FileFdwExecutionState
static bool is_valid_option(const char *option, Oid context)
Definition: file_fdw.c:351
static bool fileIsForeignScanParallelSafe(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *rel, RangeTblEntry *rte)
Definition: file_fdw.c:857
static void fileGetForeignPaths(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *baserel, Oid foreigntableid)
Definition: file_fdw.c:545
static void fileGetOptions(Oid foreigntableid, char **filename, bool *is_program, List **other_options)
Definition: file_fdw.c:370
static void estimate_size(PlannerInfo *root, RelOptInfo *baserel, FileFdwPlanState *fdw_private)
Definition: file_fdw.c:998
static void fileBeginForeignScan(ForeignScanState *node, int eflags)
Definition: file_fdw.c:665
static TupleTableSlot * fileIterateForeignScan(ForeignScanState *node)
Definition: file_fdw.c:719
struct FileFdwPlanState FileFdwPlanState
#define PG_RETURN_VOID()
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#define PG_GETARG_OID(n)
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#define PG_GETARG_DATUM(n)
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#define PG_RETURN_POINTER(x)
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#define PG_FUNCTION_ARGS
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ForeignDataWrapper * GetForeignDataWrapper(Oid fdwid)
Definition: foreign.c:37
ForeignTable * GetForeignTable(Oid relid)
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List * GetForeignColumnOptions(Oid relid, AttrNumber attnum)
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ForeignServer * GetForeignServer(Oid serverid)
Definition: foreign.c:111
HeapTuple heap_form_tuple(TupleDesc tupleDescriptor, Datum *values, bool *isnull)
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#define SizeofHeapTupleHeader
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struct parser_state match_state[5]
int i
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List * list_concat(List *list1, const List *list2)
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#define AccessShareLock
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DefElem * makeDefElem(char *name, Node *arg, int location)
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@ JOIN_INNER
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static char ** options
uintptr_t Datum
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#define InvalidOid
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unsigned int Oid
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#define RelationGetRelid(relation)
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#define RelationGetDescr(relation)
Definition: rel.h:529
#define RelationGetRelationName(relation)
Definition: rel.h:537
List * untransformRelOptions(Datum options)
Definition: reloptions.c:1333
List * extract_actual_clauses(List *restrictinfo_list, bool pseudoconstant)
Definition: restrictinfo.c:464
void reservoir_init_selection_state(ReservoirState rs, int n)
Definition: sampling.c:133
double sampler_random_fract(pg_prng_state *randstate)
Definition: sampling.c:241
double reservoir_get_next_S(ReservoirState rs, double t, int n)
Definition: sampling.c:147
char * defname
Definition: parsenodes.h:810
struct ErrorContextCallback * previous
Definition: elog.h:295
void(* callback)(void *arg)
Definition: elog.h:296
bool costs
Definition: explain.h:43
ReScanForeignScan_function ReScanForeignScan
Definition: fdwapi.h:214
BeginForeignScan_function BeginForeignScan
Definition: fdwapi.h:212
IsForeignScanParallelSafe_function IsForeignScanParallelSafe
Definition: fdwapi.h:266
GetForeignPaths_function GetForeignPaths
Definition: fdwapi.h:210
GetForeignRelSize_function GetForeignRelSize
Definition: fdwapi.h:209
ExplainForeignScan_function ExplainForeignScan
Definition: fdwapi.h:252
EndForeignScan_function EndForeignScan
Definition: fdwapi.h:215
AnalyzeForeignTable_function AnalyzeForeignTable
Definition: fdwapi.h:257
IterateForeignScan_function IterateForeignScan
Definition: fdwapi.h:213
GetForeignPlan_function GetForeignPlan
Definition: fdwapi.h:211
CopyFromState cstate
Definition: file_fdw.c:110
Oid optcontext
Definition: file_fdw.c:50
const char * optname
Definition: file_fdw.c:49
char * filename
Definition: file_fdw.c:93
double ntuples
Definition: file_fdw.c:98
BlockNumber pages
Definition: file_fdw.c:97
List * options
Definition: file_fdw.c:95
List * options
Definition: foreign.h:31
List * fdw_private
Definition: pathnodes.h:1841
ScanState ss
Definition: execnodes.h:1941
List * fdw_private
Definition: plannodes.h:717
List * options
Definition: foreign.h:42
List * options
Definition: foreign.h:57
Oid serverid
Definition: foreign.h:56
Definition: pg_list.h:54
Definition: nodes.h:129
List * exprs
Definition: pathnodes.h:1507
Plan * plan
Definition: execnodes.h:1035
Cost per_tuple
Definition: pathnodes.h:48
Cost startup
Definition: pathnodes.h:47
List * baserestrictinfo
Definition: pathnodes.h:970
struct PathTarget * reltarget
Definition: pathnodes.h:884
Index relid
Definition: pathnodes.h:909
Cardinality tuples
Definition: pathnodes.h:934
BlockNumber pages
Definition: pathnodes.h:933
Relids lateral_relids
Definition: pathnodes.h:904
QualCost baserestrictcost
Definition: pathnodes.h:972
Cardinality rows
Definition: pathnodes.h:868
pg_prng_state randstate
Definition: sampling.h:49
Expr * clause
Definition: pathnodes.h:2513
Relation ss_currentRelation
Definition: execnodes.h:1462
TupleTableSlot * ss_ScanTupleSlot
Definition: execnodes.h:1464
PlanState ps
Definition: execnodes.h:1461
bool * tts_isnull
Definition: tuptable.h:128
Datum * tts_values
Definition: tuptable.h:126
__int64 st_size
Definition: win32_port.h:275
#define FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber
Definition: sysattr.h:27
void table_close(Relation relation, LOCKMODE lockmode)
Definition: table.c:126
Relation table_open(Oid relationId, LOCKMODE lockmode)
Definition: table.c:40
#define TupleDescAttr(tupdesc, i)
Definition: tupdesc.h:92
static TupleTableSlot * ExecClearTuple(TupleTableSlot *slot)
Definition: tuptable.h:433
void vacuum_delay_point(void)
Definition: vacuum.c:2211
String * makeString(char *str)
Definition: value.c:63
void pull_varattnos(Node *node, Index varno, Bitmapset **varattnos)
Definition: var.c:291
const char * getClosestMatch(ClosestMatchState *state)
Definition: varlena.c:6168
void initClosestMatch(ClosestMatchState *state, const char *source, int max_d)
Definition: varlena.c:6113
void updateClosestMatch(ClosestMatchState *state, const char *candidate)
Definition: varlena.c:6133
#define stat
Definition: win32_port.h:286