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pg_stat_statements.c
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1 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2  *
3  * pg_stat_statements.c
4  * Track statement execution times across a whole database cluster.
5  *
6  * Execution costs are totalled for each distinct source query, and kept in
7  * a shared hashtable. (We track only as many distinct queries as will fit
8  * in the designated amount of shared memory.)
9  *
10  * As of Postgres 9.2, this module normalizes query entries. Normalization
11  * is a process whereby similar queries, typically differing only in their
12  * constants (though the exact rules are somewhat more subtle than that) are
13  * recognized as equivalent, and are tracked as a single entry. This is
14  * particularly useful for non-prepared queries.
15  *
16  * Normalization is implemented by fingerprinting queries, selectively
17  * serializing those fields of each query tree's nodes that are judged to be
18  * essential to the query. This is referred to as a query jumble. This is
19  * distinct from a regular serialization in that various extraneous
20  * information is ignored as irrelevant or not essential to the query, such
21  * as the collations of Vars and, most notably, the values of constants.
22  *
23  * This jumble is acquired at the end of parse analysis of each query, and
24  * a 64-bit hash of it is stored into the query's Query.queryId field.
25  * The server then copies this value around, making it available in plan
26  * tree(s) generated from the query. The executor can then use this value
27  * to blame query costs on the proper queryId.
28  *
29  * To facilitate presenting entries to users, we create "representative" query
30  * strings in which constants are replaced with parameter symbols ($n), to
31  * make it clearer what a normalized entry can represent. To save on shared
32  * memory, and to avoid having to truncate oversized query strings, we store
33  * these strings in a temporary external query-texts file. Offsets into this
34  * file are kept in shared memory.
35  *
36  * Note about locking issues: to create or delete an entry in the shared
37  * hashtable, one must hold pgss->lock exclusively. Modifying any field
38  * in an entry except the counters requires the same. To look up an entry,
39  * one must hold the lock shared. To read or update the counters within
40  * an entry, one must hold the lock shared or exclusive (so the entry doesn't
41  * disappear!) and also take the entry's mutex spinlock.
42  * The shared state variable pgss->extent (the next free spot in the external
43  * query-text file) should be accessed only while holding either the
44  * pgss->mutex spinlock, or exclusive lock on pgss->lock. We use the mutex to
45  * allow reserving file space while holding only shared lock on pgss->lock.
46  * Rewriting the entire external query-text file, eg for garbage collection,
47  * requires holding pgss->lock exclusively; this allows individual entries
48  * in the file to be read or written while holding only shared lock.
49  *
50  *
51  * Copyright (c) 2008-2019, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
52  *
53  * IDENTIFICATION
54  * contrib/pg_stat_statements/pg_stat_statements.c
55  *
56  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
57  */
58 #include "postgres.h"
59 
60 #include <math.h>
61 #include <sys/stat.h>
62 #include <unistd.h>
63 
64 #include "catalog/pg_authid.h"
65 #include "executor/instrument.h"
66 #include "funcapi.h"
67 #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
68 #include "miscadmin.h"
69 #include "parser/analyze.h"
70 #include "parser/parsetree.h"
71 #include "parser/scanner.h"
72 #include "parser/scansup.h"
73 #include "pgstat.h"
74 #include "storage/fd.h"
75 #include "storage/ipc.h"
76 #include "storage/spin.h"
77 #include "tcop/utility.h"
78 #include "utils/acl.h"
79 #include "utils/builtins.h"
80 #include "utils/hashutils.h"
81 #include "utils/memutils.h"
82 
83 PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
84 
85 /* Location of permanent stats file (valid when database is shut down) */
86 #define PGSS_DUMP_FILE PGSTAT_STAT_PERMANENT_DIRECTORY "/pg_stat_statements.stat"
87 
88 /*
89  * Location of external query text file. We don't keep it in the core
90  * system's stats_temp_directory. The core system can safely use that GUC
91  * setting, because the statistics collector temp file paths are set only once
92  * as part of changing the GUC, but pg_stat_statements has no way of avoiding
93  * race conditions. Besides, we only expect modest, infrequent I/O for query
94  * strings, so placing the file on a faster filesystem is not compelling.
95  */
96 #define PGSS_TEXT_FILE PG_STAT_TMP_DIR "/pgss_query_texts.stat"
97 
98 /* Magic number identifying the stats file format */
99 static const uint32 PGSS_FILE_HEADER = 0x20171004;
100 
101 /* PostgreSQL major version number, changes in which invalidate all entries */
102 static const uint32 PGSS_PG_MAJOR_VERSION = PG_VERSION_NUM / 100;
103 
104 /* XXX: Should USAGE_EXEC reflect execution time and/or buffer usage? */
105 #define USAGE_EXEC(duration) (1.0)
106 #define USAGE_INIT (1.0) /* including initial planning */
107 #define ASSUMED_MEDIAN_INIT (10.0) /* initial assumed median usage */
108 #define ASSUMED_LENGTH_INIT 1024 /* initial assumed mean query length */
109 #define USAGE_DECREASE_FACTOR (0.99) /* decreased every entry_dealloc */
110 #define STICKY_DECREASE_FACTOR (0.50) /* factor for sticky entries */
111 #define USAGE_DEALLOC_PERCENT 5 /* free this % of entries at once */
112 
113 #define JUMBLE_SIZE 1024 /* query serialization buffer size */
114 
115 /*
116  * Extension version number, for supporting older extension versions' objects
117  */
118 typedef enum pgssVersion
119 {
120  PGSS_V1_0 = 0,
121  PGSS_V1_1,
122  PGSS_V1_2,
123  PGSS_V1_3
124 } pgssVersion;
125 
126 /*
127  * Hashtable key that defines the identity of a hashtable entry. We separate
128  * queries by user and by database even if they are otherwise identical.
129  *
130  * Right now, this structure contains no padding. If you add any, make sure
131  * to teach pgss_store() to zero the padding bytes. Otherwise, things will
132  * break, because pgss_hash is created using HASH_BLOBS, and thus tag_hash
133  * is used to hash this.
134  */
135 typedef struct pgssHashKey
136 {
137  Oid userid; /* user OID */
138  Oid dbid; /* database OID */
139  uint64 queryid; /* query identifier */
140 } pgssHashKey;
141 
142 /*
143  * The actual stats counters kept within pgssEntry.
144  */
145 typedef struct Counters
146 {
147  int64 calls; /* # of times executed */
148  double total_time; /* total execution time, in msec */
149  double min_time; /* minimum execution time in msec */
150  double max_time; /* maximum execution time in msec */
151  double mean_time; /* mean execution time in msec */
152  double sum_var_time; /* sum of variances in execution time in msec */
153  int64 rows; /* total # of retrieved or affected rows */
154  int64 shared_blks_hit; /* # of shared buffer hits */
155  int64 shared_blks_read; /* # of shared disk blocks read */
156  int64 shared_blks_dirtied; /* # of shared disk blocks dirtied */
157  int64 shared_blks_written; /* # of shared disk blocks written */
158  int64 local_blks_hit; /* # of local buffer hits */
159  int64 local_blks_read; /* # of local disk blocks read */
160  int64 local_blks_dirtied; /* # of local disk blocks dirtied */
161  int64 local_blks_written; /* # of local disk blocks written */
162  int64 temp_blks_read; /* # of temp blocks read */
163  int64 temp_blks_written; /* # of temp blocks written */
164  double blk_read_time; /* time spent reading, in msec */
165  double blk_write_time; /* time spent writing, in msec */
166  double usage; /* usage factor */
167 } Counters;
168 
169 /*
170  * Statistics per statement
171  *
172  * Note: in event of a failure in garbage collection of the query text file,
173  * we reset query_offset to zero and query_len to -1. This will be seen as
174  * an invalid state by qtext_fetch().
175  */
176 typedef struct pgssEntry
177 {
178  pgssHashKey key; /* hash key of entry - MUST BE FIRST */
179  Counters counters; /* the statistics for this query */
180  Size query_offset; /* query text offset in external file */
181  int query_len; /* # of valid bytes in query string, or -1 */
182  int encoding; /* query text encoding */
183  slock_t mutex; /* protects the counters only */
184 } pgssEntry;
185 
186 /*
187  * Global shared state
188  */
189 typedef struct pgssSharedState
190 {
191  LWLock *lock; /* protects hashtable search/modification */
192  double cur_median_usage; /* current median usage in hashtable */
193  Size mean_query_len; /* current mean entry text length */
194  slock_t mutex; /* protects following fields only: */
195  Size extent; /* current extent of query file */
196  int n_writers; /* number of active writers to query file */
197  int gc_count; /* query file garbage collection cycle count */
198 } pgssSharedState;
199 
200 /*
201  * Struct for tracking locations/lengths of constants during normalization
202  */
203 typedef struct pgssLocationLen
204 {
205  int location; /* start offset in query text */
206  int length; /* length in bytes, or -1 to ignore */
207 } pgssLocationLen;
208 
209 /*
210  * Working state for computing a query jumble and producing a normalized
211  * query string
212  */
213 typedef struct pgssJumbleState
214 {
215  /* Jumble of current query tree */
216  unsigned char *jumble;
217 
218  /* Number of bytes used in jumble[] */
219  Size jumble_len;
220 
221  /* Array of locations of constants that should be removed */
222  pgssLocationLen *clocations;
223 
224  /* Allocated length of clocations array */
225  int clocations_buf_size;
226 
227  /* Current number of valid entries in clocations array */
228  int clocations_count;
229 
230  /* highest Param id we've seen, in order to start normalization correctly */
231  int highest_extern_param_id;
232 } pgssJumbleState;
233 
234 /*---- Local variables ----*/
235 
236 /* Current nesting depth of ExecutorRun+ProcessUtility calls */
237 static int nested_level = 0;
238 
239 /* Saved hook values in case of unload */
240 static shmem_startup_hook_type prev_shmem_startup_hook = NULL;
241 static post_parse_analyze_hook_type prev_post_parse_analyze_hook = NULL;
242 static ExecutorStart_hook_type prev_ExecutorStart = NULL;
243 static ExecutorRun_hook_type prev_ExecutorRun = NULL;
244 static ExecutorFinish_hook_type prev_ExecutorFinish = NULL;
245 static ExecutorEnd_hook_type prev_ExecutorEnd = NULL;
246 static ProcessUtility_hook_type prev_ProcessUtility = NULL;
247 
248 /* Links to shared memory state */
249 static pgssSharedState *pgss = NULL;
250 static HTAB *pgss_hash = NULL;
251 
252 /*---- GUC variables ----*/
253 
254 typedef enum
255 {
256  PGSS_TRACK_NONE, /* track no statements */
257  PGSS_TRACK_TOP, /* only top level statements */
258  PGSS_TRACK_ALL /* all statements, including nested ones */
259 } PGSSTrackLevel;
260 
261 static const struct config_enum_entry track_options[] =
262 {
263  {"none", PGSS_TRACK_NONE, false},
264  {"top", PGSS_TRACK_TOP, false},
265  {"all", PGSS_TRACK_ALL, false},
266  {NULL, 0, false}
267 };
268 
269 static int pgss_max; /* max # statements to track */
270 static int pgss_track; /* tracking level */
271 static bool pgss_track_utility; /* whether to track utility commands */
272 static bool pgss_save; /* whether to save stats across shutdown */
273 
274 
275 #define pgss_enabled() \
276  (pgss_track == PGSS_TRACK_ALL || \
277  (pgss_track == PGSS_TRACK_TOP && nested_level == 0))
278 
279 #define record_gc_qtexts() \
280  do { \
281  volatile pgssSharedState *s = (volatile pgssSharedState *) pgss; \
282  SpinLockAcquire(&s->mutex); \
283  s->gc_count++; \
284  SpinLockRelease(&s->mutex); \
285  } while(0)
286 
287 /*---- Function declarations ----*/
288 
289 void _PG_init(void);
290 void _PG_fini(void);
291 
292 PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(pg_stat_statements_reset);
293 PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(pg_stat_statements_reset_1_7);
294 PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(pg_stat_statements_1_2);
295 PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(pg_stat_statements_1_3);
296 PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(pg_stat_statements);
297 
298 static void pgss_shmem_startup(void);
299 static void pgss_shmem_shutdown(int code, Datum arg);
300 static void pgss_post_parse_analyze(ParseState *pstate, Query *query);
301 static void pgss_ExecutorStart(QueryDesc *queryDesc, int eflags);
302 static void pgss_ExecutorRun(QueryDesc *queryDesc,
303  ScanDirection direction,
304  uint64 count, bool execute_once);
305 static void pgss_ExecutorFinish(QueryDesc *queryDesc);
306 static void pgss_ExecutorEnd(QueryDesc *queryDesc);
307 static void pgss_ProcessUtility(PlannedStmt *pstmt, const char *queryString,
308  ProcessUtilityContext context, ParamListInfo params,
309  QueryEnvironment *queryEnv,
310  DestReceiver *dest, char *completionTag);
311 static uint64 pgss_hash_string(const char *str, int len);
312 static void pgss_store(const char *query, uint64 queryId,
313  int query_location, int query_len,
314  double total_time, uint64 rows,
315  const BufferUsage *bufusage,
316  pgssJumbleState *jstate);
317 static void pg_stat_statements_internal(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo,
318  pgssVersion api_version,
319  bool showtext);
320 static Size pgss_memsize(void);
321 static pgssEntry *entry_alloc(pgssHashKey *key, Size query_offset, int query_len,
322  int encoding, bool sticky);
323 static void entry_dealloc(void);
324 static bool qtext_store(const char *query, int query_len,
325  Size *query_offset, int *gc_count);
326 static char *qtext_load_file(Size *buffer_size);
327 static char *qtext_fetch(Size query_offset, int query_len,
328  char *buffer, Size buffer_size);
329 static bool need_gc_qtexts(void);
330 static void gc_qtexts(void);
331 static void entry_reset(Oid userid, Oid dbid, uint64 queryid);
332 static void AppendJumble(pgssJumbleState *jstate,
333  const unsigned char *item, Size size);
334 static void JumbleQuery(pgssJumbleState *jstate, Query *query);
335 static void JumbleRangeTable(pgssJumbleState *jstate, List *rtable);
336 static void JumbleRowMarks(pgssJumbleState *jstate, List *rowMarks);
337 static void JumbleExpr(pgssJumbleState *jstate, Node *node);
338 static void RecordConstLocation(pgssJumbleState *jstate, int location);
339 static char *generate_normalized_query(pgssJumbleState *jstate, const char *query,
340  int query_loc, int *query_len_p, int encoding);
341 static void fill_in_constant_lengths(pgssJumbleState *jstate, const char *query,
342  int query_loc);
343 static int comp_location(const void *a, const void *b);
344 
345 
346 /*
347  * Module load callback
348  */
349 void
350 _PG_init(void)
351 {
352  /*
353  * In order to create our shared memory area, we have to be loaded via
354  * shared_preload_libraries. If not, fall out without hooking into any of
355  * the main system. (We don't throw error here because it seems useful to
356  * allow the pg_stat_statements functions to be created even when the
357  * module isn't active. The functions must protect themselves against
358  * being called then, however.)
359  */
360  if (!process_shared_preload_libraries_in_progress)
361  return;
362 
363  /*
364  * Define (or redefine) custom GUC variables.
365  */
366  DefineCustomIntVariable("pg_stat_statements.max",
367  "Sets the maximum number of statements tracked by pg_stat_statements.",
368  NULL,
369  &pgss_max,
370  5000,
371  100,
372  INT_MAX,
373  PGC_POSTMASTER,
374  0,
375  NULL,
376  NULL,
377  NULL);
378 
379  DefineCustomEnumVariable("pg_stat_statements.track",
380  "Selects which statements are tracked by pg_stat_statements.",
381  NULL,
382  &pgss_track,
383  PGSS_TRACK_TOP,
384  track_options,
385  PGC_SUSET,
386  0,
387  NULL,
388  NULL,
389  NULL);
390 
391  DefineCustomBoolVariable("pg_stat_statements.track_utility",
392  "Selects whether utility commands are tracked by pg_stat_statements.",
393  NULL,
394  &pgss_track_utility,
395  true,
396  PGC_SUSET,
397  0,
398  NULL,
399  NULL,
400  NULL);
401 
402  DefineCustomBoolVariable("pg_stat_statements.save",
403  "Save pg_stat_statements statistics across server shutdowns.",
404  NULL,
405  &pgss_save,
406  true,
407  PGC_SIGHUP,
408  0,
409  NULL,
410  NULL,
411  NULL);
412 
413  EmitWarningsOnPlaceholders("pg_stat_statements");
414 
415  /*
416  * Request additional shared resources. (These are no-ops if we're not in
417  * the postmaster process.) We'll allocate or attach to the shared
418  * resources in pgss_shmem_startup().
419  */
420  RequestAddinShmemSpace(pgss_memsize());
421  RequestNamedLWLockTranche("pg_stat_statements", 1);
422 
423  /*
424  * Install hooks.
425  */
426  prev_shmem_startup_hook = shmem_startup_hook;
427  shmem_startup_hook = pgss_shmem_startup;
428  prev_post_parse_analyze_hook = post_parse_analyze_hook;
429  post_parse_analyze_hook = pgss_post_parse_analyze;
430  prev_ExecutorStart = ExecutorStart_hook;
431  ExecutorStart_hook = pgss_ExecutorStart;
432  prev_ExecutorRun = ExecutorRun_hook;
433  ExecutorRun_hook = pgss_ExecutorRun;
434  prev_ExecutorFinish = ExecutorFinish_hook;
435  ExecutorFinish_hook = pgss_ExecutorFinish;
436  prev_ExecutorEnd = ExecutorEnd_hook;
437  ExecutorEnd_hook = pgss_ExecutorEnd;
438  prev_ProcessUtility = ProcessUtility_hook;
439  ProcessUtility_hook = pgss_ProcessUtility;
440 }
441 
442 /*
443  * Module unload callback
444  */
445 void
446 _PG_fini(void)
447 {
448  /* Uninstall hooks. */
449  shmem_startup_hook = prev_shmem_startup_hook;
450  post_parse_analyze_hook = prev_post_parse_analyze_hook;
451  ExecutorStart_hook = prev_ExecutorStart;
452  ExecutorRun_hook = prev_ExecutorRun;
453  ExecutorFinish_hook = prev_ExecutorFinish;
454  ExecutorEnd_hook = prev_ExecutorEnd;
455  ProcessUtility_hook = prev_ProcessUtility;
456 }
457 
458 /*
459  * shmem_startup hook: allocate or attach to shared memory,
460  * then load any pre-existing statistics from file.
461  * Also create and load the query-texts file, which is expected to exist
462  * (even if empty) while the module is enabled.
463  */
464 static void
465 pgss_shmem_startup(void)
466 {
467  bool found;
468  HASHCTL info;
469  FILE *file = NULL;
470  FILE *qfile = NULL;
471  uint32 header;
472  int32 num;
473  int32 pgver;
474  int32 i;
475  int buffer_size;
476  char *buffer = NULL;
477 
478  if (prev_shmem_startup_hook)
479  prev_shmem_startup_hook();
480 
481  /* reset in case this is a restart within the postmaster */
482  pgss = NULL;
483  pgss_hash = NULL;
484 
485  /*
486  * Create or attach to the shared memory state, including hash table
487  */
488  LWLockAcquire(AddinShmemInitLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
489 
490  pgss = ShmemInitStruct("pg_stat_statements",
491  sizeof(pgssSharedState),
492  &found);
493 
494  if (!found)
495  {
496  /* First time through ... */
497  pgss->lock = &(GetNamedLWLockTranche("pg_stat_statements"))->lock;
498  pgss->cur_median_usage = ASSUMED_MEDIAN_INIT;
499  pgss->mean_query_len = ASSUMED_LENGTH_INIT;
500  SpinLockInit(&pgss->mutex);
501  pgss->extent = 0;
502  pgss->n_writers = 0;
503  pgss->gc_count = 0;
504  }
505 
506  memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
507  info.keysize = sizeof(pgssHashKey);
508  info.entrysize = sizeof(pgssEntry);
509  pgss_hash = ShmemInitHash("pg_stat_statements hash",
510  pgss_max, pgss_max,
511  &info,
512  HASH_ELEM | HASH_BLOBS);
513 
514  LWLockRelease(AddinShmemInitLock);
515 
516  /*
517  * If we're in the postmaster (or a standalone backend...), set up a shmem
518  * exit hook to dump the statistics to disk.
519  */
520  if (!IsUnderPostmaster)
521  on_shmem_exit(pgss_shmem_shutdown, (Datum) 0);
522 
523  /*
524  * Done if some other process already completed our initialization.
525  */
526  if (found)
527  return;
528 
529  /*
530  * Note: we don't bother with locks here, because there should be no other
531  * processes running when this code is reached.
532  */
533 
534  /* Unlink query text file possibly left over from crash */
535  unlink(PGSS_TEXT_FILE);
536 
537  /* Allocate new query text temp file */
538  qfile = AllocateFile(PGSS_TEXT_FILE, PG_BINARY_W);
539  if (qfile == NULL)
540  goto write_error;
541 
542  /*
543  * If we were told not to load old statistics, we're done. (Note we do
544  * not try to unlink any old dump file in this case. This seems a bit
545  * questionable but it's the historical behavior.)
546  */
547  if (!pgss_save)
548  {
549  FreeFile(qfile);
550  return;
551  }
552 
553  /*
554  * Attempt to load old statistics from the dump file.
555  */
556  file = AllocateFile(PGSS_DUMP_FILE, PG_BINARY_R);
557  if (file == NULL)
558  {
559  if (errno != ENOENT)
560  goto read_error;
561  /* No existing persisted stats file, so we're done */
562  FreeFile(qfile);
563  return;
564  }
565 
566  buffer_size = 2048;
567  buffer = (char *) palloc(buffer_size);
568 
569  if (fread(&header, sizeof(uint32), 1, file) != 1 ||
570  fread(&pgver, sizeof(uint32), 1, file) != 1 ||
571  fread(&num, sizeof(int32), 1, file) != 1)
572  goto read_error;
573 
574  if (header != PGSS_FILE_HEADER ||
575  pgver != PGSS_PG_MAJOR_VERSION)
576  goto data_error;
577 
578  for (i = 0; i < num; i++)
579  {
580  pgssEntry temp;
581  pgssEntry *entry;
582  Size query_offset;
583 
584  if (fread(&temp, sizeof(pgssEntry), 1, file) != 1)
585  goto read_error;
586 
587  /* Encoding is the only field we can easily sanity-check */
588  if (!PG_VALID_BE_ENCODING(temp.encoding))
589  goto data_error;
590 
591  /* Resize buffer as needed */
592  if (temp.query_len >= buffer_size)
593  {
594  buffer_size = Max(buffer_size * 2, temp.query_len + 1);
595  buffer = repalloc(buffer, buffer_size);
596  }
597 
598  if (fread(buffer, 1, temp.query_len + 1, file) != temp.query_len + 1)
599  goto read_error;
600 
601  /* Should have a trailing null, but let's make sure */
602  buffer[temp.query_len] = '\0';
603 
604  /* Skip loading "sticky" entries */
605  if (temp.counters.calls == 0)
606  continue;
607 
608  /* Store the query text */
609  query_offset = pgss->extent;
610  if (fwrite(buffer, 1, temp.query_len + 1, qfile) != temp.query_len + 1)
611  goto write_error;
612  pgss->extent += temp.query_len + 1;
613 
614  /* make the hashtable entry (discards old entries if too many) */
615  entry = entry_alloc(&temp.key, query_offset, temp.query_len,
616  temp.encoding,
617  false);
618 
619  /* copy in the actual stats */
620  entry->counters = temp.counters;
621  }
622 
623  pfree(buffer);
624  FreeFile(file);
625  FreeFile(qfile);
626 
627  /*
628  * Remove the persisted stats file so it's not included in
629  * backups/replication standbys, etc. A new file will be written on next
630  * shutdown.
631  *
632  * Note: it's okay if the PGSS_TEXT_FILE is included in a basebackup,
633  * because we remove that file on startup; it acts inversely to
634  * PGSS_DUMP_FILE, in that it is only supposed to be around when the
635  * server is running, whereas PGSS_DUMP_FILE is only supposed to be around
636  * when the server is not running. Leaving the file creates no danger of
637  * a newly restored database having a spurious record of execution costs,
638  * which is what we're really concerned about here.
639  */
640  unlink(PGSS_DUMP_FILE);
641 
642  return;
643 
644 read_error:
645  ereport(LOG,
646  (errcode_for_file_access(),
647  errmsg("could not read file \"%s\": %m",
648  PGSS_DUMP_FILE)));
649  goto fail;
650 data_error:
651  ereport(LOG,
652  (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
653  errmsg("ignoring invalid data in file \"%s\"",
654  PGSS_DUMP_FILE)));
655  goto fail;
656 write_error:
657  ereport(LOG,
658  (errcode_for_file_access(),
659  errmsg("could not write file \"%s\": %m",
660  PGSS_TEXT_FILE)));
661 fail:
662  if (buffer)
663  pfree(buffer);
664  if (file)
665  FreeFile(file);
666  if (qfile)
667  FreeFile(qfile);
668  /* If possible, throw away the bogus file; ignore any error */
669  unlink(PGSS_DUMP_FILE);
670 
671  /*
672  * Don't unlink PGSS_TEXT_FILE here; it should always be around while the
673  * server is running with pg_stat_statements enabled
674  */
675 }
676 
677 /*
678  * shmem_shutdown hook: Dump statistics into file.
679  *
680  * Note: we don't bother with acquiring lock, because there should be no
681  * other processes running when this is called.
682  */
683 static void
684 pgss_shmem_shutdown(int code, Datum arg)
685 {
686  FILE *file;
687  char *qbuffer = NULL;
688  Size qbuffer_size = 0;
689  HASH_SEQ_STATUS hash_seq;
690  int32 num_entries;
691  pgssEntry *entry;
692 
693  /* Don't try to dump during a crash. */
694  if (code)
695  return;
696 
697  /* Safety check ... shouldn't get here unless shmem is set up. */
698  if (!pgss || !pgss_hash)
699  return;
700 
701  /* Don't dump if told not to. */
702  if (!pgss_save)
703  return;
704 
705  file = AllocateFile(PGSS_DUMP_FILE ".tmp", PG_BINARY_W);
706  if (file == NULL)
707  goto error;
708 
709  if (fwrite(&PGSS_FILE_HEADER, sizeof(uint32), 1, file) != 1)
710  goto error;
711  if (fwrite(&PGSS_PG_MAJOR_VERSION, sizeof(uint32), 1, file) != 1)
712  goto error;
713  num_entries = hash_get_num_entries(pgss_hash);
714  if (fwrite(&num_entries, sizeof(int32), 1, file) != 1)
715  goto error;
716 
717  qbuffer = qtext_load_file(&qbuffer_size);
718  if (qbuffer == NULL)
719  goto error;
720 
721  /*
722  * When serializing to disk, we store query texts immediately after their
723  * entry data. Any orphaned query texts are thereby excluded.
724  */
725  hash_seq_init(&hash_seq, pgss_hash);
726  while ((entry = hash_seq_search(&hash_seq)) != NULL)
727  {
728  int len = entry->query_len;
729  char *qstr = qtext_fetch(entry->query_offset, len,
730  qbuffer, qbuffer_size);
731 
732  if (qstr == NULL)
733  continue; /* Ignore any entries with bogus texts */
734 
735  if (fwrite(entry, sizeof(pgssEntry), 1, file) != 1 ||
736  fwrite(qstr, 1, len + 1, file) != len + 1)
737  {
738  /* note: we assume hash_seq_term won't change errno */
739  hash_seq_term(&hash_seq);
740  goto error;
741  }
742  }
743 
744  free(qbuffer);
745  qbuffer = NULL;
746 
747  if (FreeFile(file))
748  {
749  file = NULL;
750  goto error;
751  }
752 
753  /*
754  * Rename file into place, so we atomically replace any old one.
755  */
756  (void) durable_rename(PGSS_DUMP_FILE ".tmp", PGSS_DUMP_FILE, LOG);
757 
758  /* Unlink query-texts file; it's not needed while shutdown */
759  unlink(PGSS_TEXT_FILE);
760 
761  return;
762 
763 error:
764  ereport(LOG,
765  (errcode_for_file_access(),
766  errmsg("could not write file \"%s\": %m",
767  PGSS_DUMP_FILE ".tmp")));
768  if (qbuffer)
769  free(qbuffer);
770  if (file)
771  FreeFile(file);
772  unlink(PGSS_DUMP_FILE ".tmp");
773  unlink(PGSS_TEXT_FILE);
774 }
775 
776 /*
777  * Post-parse-analysis hook: mark query with a queryId
778  */
779 static void
780 pgss_post_parse_analyze(ParseState *pstate, Query *query)
781 {
782  pgssJumbleState jstate;
783 
784  if (prev_post_parse_analyze_hook)
785  prev_post_parse_analyze_hook(pstate, query);
786 
787  /* Assert we didn't do this already */
788  Assert(query->queryId == UINT64CONST(0));
789 
790  /* Safety check... */
791  if (!pgss || !pgss_hash || !pgss_enabled())
792  return;
793 
794  /*
795  * Utility statements get queryId zero. We do this even in cases where
796  * the statement contains an optimizable statement for which a queryId
797  * could be derived (such as EXPLAIN or DECLARE CURSOR). For such cases,
798  * runtime control will first go through ProcessUtility and then the
799  * executor, and we don't want the executor hooks to do anything, since we
800  * are already measuring the statement's costs at the utility level.
801  */
802  if (query->utilityStmt)
803  {
804  query->queryId = UINT64CONST(0);
805  return;
806  }
807 
808  /* Set up workspace for query jumbling */
809  jstate.jumble = (unsigned char *) palloc(JUMBLE_SIZE);
810  jstate.jumble_len = 0;
811  jstate.clocations_buf_size = 32;
812  jstate.clocations = (pgssLocationLen *)
813  palloc(jstate.clocations_buf_size * sizeof(pgssLocationLen));
814  jstate.clocations_count = 0;
815  jstate.highest_extern_param_id = 0;
816 
817  /* Compute query ID and mark the Query node with it */
818  JumbleQuery(&jstate, query);
819  query->queryId =
820  DatumGetUInt64(hash_any_extended(jstate.jumble, jstate.jumble_len, 0));
821 
822  /*
823  * If we are unlucky enough to get a hash of zero, use 1 instead, to
824  * prevent confusion with the utility-statement case.
825  */
826  if (query->queryId == UINT64CONST(0))
827  query->queryId = UINT64CONST(1);
828 
829  /*
830  * If we were able to identify any ignorable constants, we immediately
831  * create a hash table entry for the query, so that we can record the
832  * normalized form of the query string. If there were no such constants,
833  * the normalized string would be the same as the query text anyway, so
834  * there's no need for an early entry.
835  */
836  if (jstate.clocations_count > 0)
837  pgss_store(pstate->p_sourcetext,
838  query->queryId,
839  query->stmt_location,
840  query->stmt_len,
841  0,
842  0,
843  NULL,
844  &jstate);
845 }
846 
847 /*
848  * ExecutorStart hook: start up tracking if needed
849  */
850 static void
851 pgss_ExecutorStart(QueryDesc *queryDesc, int eflags)
852 {
853  if (prev_ExecutorStart)
854  prev_ExecutorStart(queryDesc, eflags);
855  else
856  standard_ExecutorStart(queryDesc, eflags);
857 
858  /*
859  * If query has queryId zero, don't track it. This prevents double
860  * counting of optimizable statements that are directly contained in
861  * utility statements.
862  */
863  if (pgss_enabled() && queryDesc->plannedstmt->queryId != UINT64CONST(0))
864  {
865  /*
866  * Set up to track total elapsed time in ExecutorRun. Make sure the
867  * space is allocated in the per-query context so it will go away at
868  * ExecutorEnd.
869  */
870  if (queryDesc->totaltime == NULL)
871  {
872  MemoryContext oldcxt;
873 
874  oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo(queryDesc->estate->es_query_cxt);
875  queryDesc->totaltime = InstrAlloc(1, INSTRUMENT_ALL);
876  MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
877  }
878  }
879 }
880 
881 /*
882  * ExecutorRun hook: all we need do is track nesting depth
883  */
884 static void
885 pgss_ExecutorRun(QueryDesc *queryDesc, ScanDirection direction, uint64 count,
886  bool execute_once)
887 {
888  nested_level++;
889  PG_TRY();
890  {
891  if (prev_ExecutorRun)
892  prev_ExecutorRun(queryDesc, direction, count, execute_once);
893  else
894  standard_ExecutorRun(queryDesc, direction, count, execute_once);
895  }
896  PG_FINALLY();
897  {
898  nested_level--;
899  }
900  PG_END_TRY();
901 }
902 
903 /*
904  * ExecutorFinish hook: all we need do is track nesting depth
905  */
906 static void
907 pgss_ExecutorFinish(QueryDesc *queryDesc)
908 {
909  nested_level++;
910  PG_TRY();
911  {
912  if (prev_ExecutorFinish)
913  prev_ExecutorFinish(queryDesc);
914  else
915  standard_ExecutorFinish(queryDesc);
916  }
917  PG_FINALLY();
918  {
919  nested_level--;
920  }
921  PG_END_TRY();
922 }
923 
924 /*
925  * ExecutorEnd hook: store results if needed
926  */
927 static void
928 pgss_ExecutorEnd(QueryDesc *queryDesc)
929 {
930  uint64 queryId = queryDesc->plannedstmt->queryId;
931 
932  if (queryId != UINT64CONST(0) && queryDesc->totaltime && pgss_enabled())
933  {
934  /*
935  * Make sure stats accumulation is done. (Note: it's okay if several
936  * levels of hook all do this.)
937  */
938  InstrEndLoop(queryDesc->totaltime);
939 
940  pgss_store(queryDesc->sourceText,
941  queryId,
942  queryDesc->plannedstmt->stmt_location,
943  queryDesc->plannedstmt->stmt_len,
944  queryDesc->totaltime->total * 1000.0, /* convert to msec */
945  queryDesc->estate->es_processed,
946  &queryDesc->totaltime->bufusage,
947  NULL);
948  }
949 
950  if (prev_ExecutorEnd)
951  prev_ExecutorEnd(queryDesc);
952  else
953  standard_ExecutorEnd(queryDesc);
954 }
955 
956 /*
957  * ProcessUtility hook
958  */
959 static void
960 pgss_ProcessUtility(PlannedStmt *pstmt, const char *queryString,
961  ProcessUtilityContext context,
962  ParamListInfo params, QueryEnvironment *queryEnv,
963  DestReceiver *dest, char *completionTag)
964 {
965  Node *parsetree = pstmt->utilityStmt;
966 
967  /*
968  * If it's an EXECUTE statement, we don't track it and don't increment the
969  * nesting level. This allows the cycles to be charged to the underlying
970  * PREPARE instead (by the Executor hooks), which is much more useful.
971  *
972  * We also don't track execution of PREPARE. If we did, we would get one
973  * hash table entry for the PREPARE (with hash calculated from the query
974  * string), and then a different one with the same query string (but hash
975  * calculated from the query tree) would be used to accumulate costs of
976  * ensuing EXECUTEs. This would be confusing, and inconsistent with other
977  * cases where planning time is not included at all.
978  *
979  * Likewise, we don't track execution of DEALLOCATE.
980  */
981  if (pgss_track_utility && pgss_enabled() &&
982  !IsA(parsetree, ExecuteStmt) &&
983  !IsA(parsetree, PrepareStmt) &&
984  !IsA(parsetree, DeallocateStmt))
985  {
986  instr_time start;
987  instr_time duration;
988  uint64 rows;
989  BufferUsage bufusage_start,
990  bufusage;
991 
992  bufusage_start = pgBufferUsage;
993  INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start);
994 
995  nested_level++;
996  PG_TRY();
997  {
998  if (prev_ProcessUtility)
999  prev_ProcessUtility(pstmt, queryString,
1000  context, params, queryEnv,
1001  dest, completionTag);
1002  else
1003  standard_ProcessUtility(pstmt, queryString,
1004  context, params, queryEnv,
1005  dest, completionTag);
1006  }
1007  PG_FINALLY();
1008  {
1009  nested_level--;
1010  }
1011  PG_END_TRY();
1012 
1013  INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(duration);
1014  INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(duration, start);
1015 
1016  /* parse command tag to retrieve the number of affected rows. */
1017  if (completionTag &&
1018  strncmp(completionTag, "COPY ", 5) == 0)
1019  rows = pg_strtouint64(completionTag + 5, NULL, 10);
1020  else
1021  rows = 0;
1022 
1023  /* calc differences of buffer counters. */
1024  bufusage.shared_blks_hit =
1025  pgBufferUsage.shared_blks_hit - bufusage_start.shared_blks_hit;
1026  bufusage.shared_blks_read =
1027  pgBufferUsage.shared_blks_read - bufusage_start.shared_blks_read;
1028  bufusage.shared_blks_dirtied =
1029  pgBufferUsage.shared_blks_dirtied - bufusage_start.shared_blks_dirtied;
1030  bufusage.shared_blks_written =
1031  pgBufferUsage.shared_blks_written - bufusage_start.shared_blks_written;
1032  bufusage.local_blks_hit =
1033  pgBufferUsage.local_blks_hit - bufusage_start.local_blks_hit;
1034  bufusage.local_blks_read =
1035  pgBufferUsage.local_blks_read - bufusage_start.local_blks_read;
1036  bufusage.local_blks_dirtied =
1037  pgBufferUsage.local_blks_dirtied - bufusage_start.local_blks_dirtied;
1038  bufusage.local_blks_written =
1039  pgBufferUsage.local_blks_written - bufusage_start.local_blks_written;
1040  bufusage.temp_blks_read =
1041  pgBufferUsage.temp_blks_read - bufusage_start.temp_blks_read;
1042  bufusage.temp_blks_written =
1043  pgBufferUsage.temp_blks_written - bufusage_start.temp_blks_written;
1044  bufusage.blk_read_time = pgBufferUsage.blk_read_time;
1045  INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(bufusage.blk_read_time, bufusage_start.blk_read_time);
1046  bufusage.blk_write_time = pgBufferUsage.blk_write_time;
1047  INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(bufusage.blk_write_time, bufusage_start.blk_write_time);
1048 
1049  pgss_store(queryString,
1050  0, /* signal that it's a utility stmt */
1051  pstmt->stmt_location,
1052  pstmt->stmt_len,
1053  INSTR_TIME_GET_MILLISEC(duration),
1054  rows,
1055  &bufusage,
1056  NULL);
1057  }
1058  else
1059  {
1060  if (prev_ProcessUtility)
1061  prev_ProcessUtility(pstmt, queryString,
1062  context, params, queryEnv,
1063  dest, completionTag);
1064  else
1065  standard_ProcessUtility(pstmt, queryString,
1066  context, params, queryEnv,
1067  dest, completionTag);
1068  }
1069 }
1070 
1071 /*
1072  * Given an arbitrarily long query string, produce a hash for the purposes of
1073  * identifying the query, without normalizing constants. Used when hashing
1074  * utility statements.
1075  */
1076 static uint64
1077 pgss_hash_string(const char *str, int len)
1078 {
1079  return DatumGetUInt64(hash_any_extended((const unsigned char *) str,
1080  len, 0));
1081 }
1082 
1083 /*
1084  * Store some statistics for a statement.
1085  *
1086  * If queryId is 0 then this is a utility statement and we should compute
1087  * a suitable queryId internally.
1088  *
1089  * If jstate is not NULL then we're trying to create an entry for which
1090  * we have no statistics as yet; we just want to record the normalized
1091  * query string. total_time, rows, bufusage are ignored in this case.
1092  */
1093 static void
1094 pgss_store(const char *query, uint64 queryId,
1095  int query_location, int query_len,
1096  double total_time, uint64 rows,
1097  const BufferUsage *bufusage,
1098  pgssJumbleState *jstate)
1099 {
1100  pgssHashKey key;
1101  pgssEntry *entry;
1102  char *norm_query = NULL;
1103  int encoding = GetDatabaseEncoding();
1104 
1105  Assert(query != NULL);
1106 
1107  /* Safety check... */
1108  if (!pgss || !pgss_hash)
1109  return;
1110 
1111  /*
1112  * Confine our attention to the relevant part of the string, if the query
1113  * is a portion of a multi-statement source string.
1114  *
1115  * First apply starting offset, unless it's -1 (unknown).
1116  */
1117  if (query_location >= 0)
1118  {
1119  Assert(query_location <= strlen(query));
1120  query += query_location;
1121  /* Length of 0 (or -1) means "rest of string" */
1122  if (query_len <= 0)
1123  query_len = strlen(query);
1124  else
1125  Assert(query_len <= strlen(query));
1126  }
1127  else
1128  {
1129  /* If query location is unknown, distrust query_len as well */
1130  query_location = 0;
1131  query_len = strlen(query);
1132  }
1133 
1134  /*
1135  * Discard leading and trailing whitespace, too. Use scanner_isspace()
1136  * not libc's isspace(), because we want to match the lexer's behavior.
1137  */
1138  while (query_len > 0 && scanner_isspace(query[0]))
1139  query++, query_location++, query_len--;
1140  while (query_len > 0 && scanner_isspace(query[query_len - 1]))
1141  query_len--;
1142 
1143  /*
1144  * For utility statements, we just hash the query string to get an ID.
1145  */
1146  if (queryId == UINT64CONST(0))
1147  {
1148  queryId = pgss_hash_string(query, query_len);
1149 
1150  /*
1151  * If we are unlucky enough to get a hash of zero(invalid), use
1152  * queryID as 2 instead, queryID 1 is already in use for normal
1153  * statements.
1154  */
1155  if (queryId == UINT64CONST(0))
1156  queryId = UINT64CONST(2);
1157  }
1158 
1159  /* Set up key for hashtable search */
1160  key.userid = GetUserId();
1161  key.dbid = MyDatabaseId;
1162  key.queryid = queryId;
1163 
1164  /* Lookup the hash table entry with shared lock. */
1165  LWLockAcquire(pgss->lock, LW_SHARED);
1166 
1167  entry = (pgssEntry *) hash_search(pgss_hash, &key, HASH_FIND, NULL);
1168 
1169  /* Create new entry, if not present */
1170  if (!entry)
1171  {
1172  Size query_offset;
1173  int gc_count;
1174  bool stored;
1175  bool do_gc;
1176 
1177  /*
1178  * Create a new, normalized query string if caller asked. We don't
1179  * need to hold the lock while doing this work. (Note: in any case,
1180  * it's possible that someone else creates a duplicate hashtable entry
1181  * in the interval where we don't hold the lock below. That case is
1182  * handled by entry_alloc.)
1183  */
1184  if (jstate)
1185  {
1186  LWLockRelease(pgss->lock);
1187  norm_query = generate_normalized_query(jstate, query,
1188  query_location,
1189  &query_len,
1190  encoding);
1191  LWLockAcquire(pgss->lock, LW_SHARED);
1192  }
1193 
1194  /* Append new query text to file with only shared lock held */
1195  stored = qtext_store(norm_query ? norm_query : query, query_len,
1196  &query_offset, &gc_count);
1197 
1198  /*
1199  * Determine whether we need to garbage collect external query texts
1200  * while the shared lock is still held. This micro-optimization
1201  * avoids taking the time to decide this while holding exclusive lock.
1202  */
1203  do_gc = need_gc_qtexts();
1204 
1205  /* Need exclusive lock to make a new hashtable entry - promote */
1206  LWLockRelease(pgss->lock);
1207  LWLockAcquire(pgss->lock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
1208 
1209  /*
1210  * A garbage collection may have occurred while we weren't holding the
1211  * lock. In the unlikely event that this happens, the query text we
1212  * stored above will have been garbage collected, so write it again.
1213  * This should be infrequent enough that doing it while holding
1214  * exclusive lock isn't a performance problem.
1215  */
1216  if (!stored || pgss->gc_count != gc_count)
1217  stored = qtext_store(norm_query ? norm_query : query, query_len,
1218  &query_offset, NULL);
1219 
1220  /* If we failed to write to the text file, give up */
1221  if (!stored)
1222  goto done;
1223 
1224  /* OK to create a new hashtable entry */
1225  entry = entry_alloc(&key, query_offset, query_len, encoding,
1226  jstate != NULL);
1227 
1228  /* If needed, perform garbage collection while exclusive lock held */
1229  if (do_gc)
1230  gc_qtexts();
1231  }
1232 
1233  /* Increment the counts, except when jstate is not NULL */
1234  if (!jstate)
1235  {
1236  /*
1237  * Grab the spinlock while updating the counters (see comment about
1238  * locking rules at the head of the file)
1239  */
1240  volatile pgssEntry *e = (volatile pgssEntry *) entry;
1241 
1242  SpinLockAcquire(&e->mutex);
1243 
1244  /* "Unstick" entry if it was previously sticky */
1245  if (e->counters.calls == 0)
1246  e->counters.usage = USAGE_INIT;
1247 
1248  e->counters.calls += 1;
1249  e->counters.total_time += total_time;
1250  if (e->counters.calls == 1)
1251  {
1252  e->counters.min_time = total_time;
1253  e->counters.max_time = total_time;
1254  e->counters.mean_time = total_time;
1255  }
1256  else
1257  {
1258  /*
1259  * Welford's method for accurately computing variance. See
1260  * <http://www.johndcook.com/blog/standard_deviation/>
1261  */
1262  double old_mean = e->counters.mean_time;
1263 
1264  e->counters.mean_time +=
1265  (total_time - old_mean) / e->counters.calls;
1266  e->counters.sum_var_time +=
1267  (total_time - old_mean) * (total_time - e->counters.mean_time);
1268 
1269  /* calculate min and max time */
1270  if (e->counters.min_time > total_time)
1271  e->counters.min_time = total_time;
1272  if (e->counters.max_time < total_time)
1273  e->counters.max_time = total_time;
1274  }
1275  e->counters.rows += rows;
1276  e->counters.shared_blks_hit += bufusage->shared_blks_hit;
1277  e->counters.shared_blks_read += bufusage->shared_blks_read;
1278  e->counters.shared_blks_dirtied += bufusage->shared_blks_dirtied;
1279  e->counters.shared_blks_written += bufusage->shared_blks_written;
1280  e->counters.local_blks_hit += bufusage->local_blks_hit;
1281  e->counters.local_blks_read += bufusage->local_blks_read;
1282  e->counters.local_blks_dirtied += bufusage->local_blks_dirtied;
1283  e->counters.local_blks_written += bufusage->local_blks_written;
1284  e->counters.temp_blks_read += bufusage->temp_blks_read;
1285  e->counters.temp_blks_written += bufusage->temp_blks_written;
1286  e->counters.blk_read_time += INSTR_TIME_GET_MILLISEC(bufusage->blk_read_time);
1287  e->counters.blk_write_time += INSTR_TIME_GET_MILLISEC(bufusage->blk_write_time);
1288  e->counters.usage += USAGE_EXEC(total_time);
1289 
1290  SpinLockRelease(&e->mutex);
1291  }
1292 
1293 done:
1294  LWLockRelease(pgss->lock);
1295 
1296  /* We postpone this clean-up until we're out of the lock */
1297  if (norm_query)
1298  pfree(norm_query);
1299 }
1300 
1301 /*
1302  * Reset statement statistics corresponding to userid, dbid, and queryid.
1303  */
1304 Datum
1305 pg_stat_statements_reset_1_7(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
1306 {
1307  Oid userid;
1308  Oid dbid;
1309  uint64 queryid;
1310 
1311  userid = PG_GETARG_OID(0);
1312  dbid = PG_GETARG_OID(1);
1313  queryid = (uint64) PG_GETARG_INT64(2);
1314 
1315  entry_reset(userid, dbid, queryid);
1316 
1317  PG_RETURN_VOID();
1318 }
1319 
1320 /*
1321  * Reset statement statistics.
1322  */
1323 Datum
1324 pg_stat_statements_reset(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
1325 {
1326  entry_reset(0, 0, 0);
1327 
1328  PG_RETURN_VOID();
1329 }
1330 
1331 /* Number of output arguments (columns) for various API versions */
1332 #define PG_STAT_STATEMENTS_COLS_V1_0 14
1333 #define PG_STAT_STATEMENTS_COLS_V1_1 18
1334 #define PG_STAT_STATEMENTS_COLS_V1_2 19
1335 #define PG_STAT_STATEMENTS_COLS_V1_3 23
1336 #define PG_STAT_STATEMENTS_COLS 23 /* maximum of above */
1337 
1338 /*
1339  * Retrieve statement statistics.
1340  *
1341  * The SQL API of this function has changed multiple times, and will likely
1342  * do so again in future. To support the case where a newer version of this
1343  * loadable module is being used with an old SQL declaration of the function,
1344  * we continue to support the older API versions. For 1.2 and later, the
1345  * expected API version is identified by embedding it in the C name of the
1346  * function. Unfortunately we weren't bright enough to do that for 1.1.
1347  */
1348 Datum
1349 pg_stat_statements_1_3(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
1350 {
1351  bool showtext = PG_GETARG_BOOL(0);
1352 
1353  pg_stat_statements_internal(fcinfo, PGSS_V1_3, showtext);
1354 
1355  return (Datum) 0;
1356 }
1357 
1358 Datum
1359 pg_stat_statements_1_2(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
1360 {
1361  bool showtext = PG_GETARG_BOOL(0);
1362 
1363  pg_stat_statements_internal(fcinfo, PGSS_V1_2, showtext);
1364 
1365  return (Datum) 0;
1366 }
1367 
1368 /*
1369  * Legacy entry point for pg_stat_statements() API versions 1.0 and 1.1.
1370  * This can be removed someday, perhaps.
1371  */
1372 Datum
1373 pg_stat_statements(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
1374 {
1375  /* If it's really API 1.1, we'll figure that out below */
1376  pg_stat_statements_internal(fcinfo, PGSS_V1_0, true);
1377 
1378  return (Datum) 0;
1379 }
1380 
1381 /* Common code for all versions of pg_stat_statements() */
1382 static void
1383 pg_stat_statements_internal(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo,
1384  pgssVersion api_version,
1385  bool showtext)
1386 {
1387  ReturnSetInfo *rsinfo = (ReturnSetInfo *) fcinfo->resultinfo;
1388  TupleDesc tupdesc;
1389  Tuplestorestate *tupstore;
1390  MemoryContext per_query_ctx;
1391  MemoryContext oldcontext;
1392  Oid userid = GetUserId();
1393  bool is_allowed_role = false;
1394  char *qbuffer = NULL;
1395  Size qbuffer_size = 0;
1396  Size extent = 0;
1397  int gc_count = 0;
1398  HASH_SEQ_STATUS hash_seq;
1399  pgssEntry *entry;
1400 
1401  /* Superusers or members of pg_read_all_stats members are allowed */
1402  is_allowed_role = is_member_of_role(GetUserId(), DEFAULT_ROLE_READ_ALL_STATS);
1403 
1404  /* hash table must exist already */
1405  if (!pgss || !pgss_hash)
1406  ereport(ERROR,
1407  (errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
1408  errmsg("pg_stat_statements must be loaded via shared_preload_libraries")));
1409 
1410  /* check to see if caller supports us returning a tuplestore */
1411  if (rsinfo == NULL || !IsA(rsinfo, ReturnSetInfo))
1412  ereport(ERROR,
1413  (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
1414  errmsg("set-valued function called in context that cannot accept a set")));
1415  if (!(rsinfo->allowedModes & SFRM_Materialize))
1416  ereport(ERROR,
1417  (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
1418  errmsg("materialize mode required, but it is not " \
1419  "allowed in this context")));
1420 
1421  /* Switch into long-lived context to construct returned data structures */
1422  per_query_ctx = rsinfo->econtext->ecxt_per_query_memory;
1423  oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(per_query_ctx);
1424 
1425  /* Build a tuple descriptor for our result type */
1426  if (get_call_result_type(fcinfo, NULL, &tupdesc) != TYPEFUNC_COMPOSITE)
1427  elog(ERROR, "return type must be a row type");
1428 
1429  /*
1430  * Check we have the expected number of output arguments. Aside from
1431  * being a good safety check, we need a kluge here to detect API version
1432  * 1.1, which was wedged into the code in an ill-considered way.
1433  */
1434  switch (tupdesc->natts)
1435  {
1436  case PG_STAT_STATEMENTS_COLS_V1_0:
1437  if (api_version != PGSS_V1_0)
1438  elog(ERROR, "incorrect number of output arguments");
1439  break;
1440  case PG_STAT_STATEMENTS_COLS_V1_1:
1441  /* pg_stat_statements() should have told us 1.0 */
1442  if (api_version != PGSS_V1_0)
1443  elog(ERROR, "incorrect number of output arguments");
1444  api_version = PGSS_V1_1;
1445  break;
1446  case PG_STAT_STATEMENTS_COLS_V1_2:
1447  if (api_version != PGSS_V1_2)
1448  elog(ERROR, "incorrect number of output arguments");
1449  break;
1450  case PG_STAT_STATEMENTS_COLS_V1_3:
1451  if (api_version != PGSS_V1_3)
1452  elog(ERROR, "incorrect number of output arguments");
1453  break;
1454  default:
1455  elog(ERROR, "incorrect number of output arguments");
1456  }
1457 
1458  tupstore = tuplestore_begin_heap(true, false, work_mem);
1459  rsinfo->returnMode = SFRM_Materialize;
1460  rsinfo->setResult = tupstore;
1461  rsinfo->setDesc = tupdesc;
1462 
1463  MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
1464 
1465  /*
1466  * We'd like to load the query text file (if needed) while not holding any
1467  * lock on pgss->lock. In the worst case we'll have to do this again
1468  * after we have the lock, but it's unlikely enough to make this a win
1469  * despite occasional duplicated work. We need to reload if anybody
1470  * writes to the file (either a retail qtext_store(), or a garbage
1471  * collection) between this point and where we've gotten shared lock. If
1472  * a qtext_store is actually in progress when we look, we might as well
1473  * skip the speculative load entirely.
1474  */
1475  if (showtext)
1476  {
1477  int n_writers;
1478 
1479  /* Take the mutex so we can examine variables */
1480  {
1481  volatile pgssSharedState *s = (volatile pgssSharedState *) pgss;
1482 
1483  SpinLockAcquire(&s->mutex);
1484  extent = s->extent;
1485  n_writers = s->n_writers;
1486  gc_count = s->gc_count;
1487  SpinLockRelease(&s->mutex);
1488  }
1489 
1490  /* No point in loading file now if there are active writers */
1491  if (n_writers == 0)
1492  qbuffer = qtext_load_file(&qbuffer_size);
1493  }
1494 
1495  /*
1496  * Get shared lock, load or reload the query text file if we must, and
1497  * iterate over the hashtable entries.
1498  *
1499  * With a large hash table, we might be holding the lock rather longer
1500  * than one could wish. However, this only blocks creation of new hash
1501  * table entries, and the larger the hash table the less likely that is to
1502  * be needed. So we can hope this is okay. Perhaps someday we'll decide
1503  * we need to partition the hash table to limit the time spent holding any
1504  * one lock.
1505  */
1506  LWLockAcquire(pgss->lock, LW_SHARED);
1507 
1508  if (showtext)
1509  {
1510  /*
1511  * Here it is safe to examine extent and gc_count without taking the
1512  * mutex. Note that although other processes might change
1513  * pgss->extent just after we look at it, the strings they then write
1514  * into the file cannot yet be referenced in the hashtable, so we
1515  * don't care whether we see them or not.
1516  *
1517  * If qtext_load_file fails, we just press on; we'll return NULL for
1518  * every query text.
1519  */
1520  if (qbuffer == NULL ||
1521  pgss->extent != extent ||
1522  pgss->gc_count != gc_count)
1523  {
1524  if (qbuffer)
1525  free(qbuffer);
1526  qbuffer = qtext_load_file(&qbuffer_size);
1527  }
1528  }
1529 
1530  hash_seq_init(&hash_seq, pgss_hash);
1531  while ((entry = hash_seq_search(&hash_seq)) != NULL)
1532  {
1533  Datum values[PG_STAT_STATEMENTS_COLS];
1534  bool nulls[PG_STAT_STATEMENTS_COLS];
1535  int i = 0;
1536  Counters tmp;
1537  double stddev;
1538  int64 queryid = entry->key.queryid;
1539 
1540  memset(values, 0, sizeof(values));
1541  memset(nulls, 0, sizeof(nulls));
1542 
1543  values[i++] = ObjectIdGetDatum(entry->key.userid);
1544  values[i++] = ObjectIdGetDatum(entry->key.dbid);
1545 
1546  if (is_allowed_role || entry->key.userid == userid)
1547  {
1548  if (api_version >= PGSS_V1_2)
1549  values[i++] = Int64GetDatumFast(queryid);
1550 
1551  if (showtext)
1552  {
1553  char *qstr = qtext_fetch(entry->query_offset,
1554  entry->query_len,
1555  qbuffer,
1556  qbuffer_size);
1557 
1558  if (qstr)
1559  {
1560  char *enc;
1561 
1562  enc = pg_any_to_server(qstr,
1563  entry->query_len,
1564  entry->encoding);
1565 
1566  values[i++] = CStringGetTextDatum(enc);
1567 
1568  if (enc != qstr)
1569  pfree(enc);
1570  }
1571  else
1572  {
1573  /* Just return a null if we fail to find the text */
1574  nulls[i++] = true;
1575  }
1576  }
1577  else
1578  {
1579  /* Query text not requested */
1580  nulls[i++] = true;
1581  }
1582  }
1583  else
1584  {
1585  /* Don't show queryid */
1586  if (api_version >= PGSS_V1_2)
1587  nulls[i++] = true;
1588 
1589  /*
1590  * Don't show query text, but hint as to the reason for not doing
1591  * so if it was requested
1592  */
1593  if (showtext)
1594  values[i++] = CStringGetTextDatum("<insufficient privilege>");
1595  else
1596  nulls[i++] = true;
1597  }
1598 
1599  /* copy counters to a local variable to keep locking time short */
1600  {
1601  volatile pgssEntry *e = (volatile pgssEntry *) entry;
1602 
1603  SpinLockAcquire(&e->mutex);
1604  tmp = e->counters;
1605  SpinLockRelease(&e->mutex);
1606  }
1607 
1608  /* Skip entry if unexecuted (ie, it's a pending "sticky" entry) */
1609  if (tmp.calls == 0)
1610  continue;
1611 
1612  values[i++] = Int64GetDatumFast(tmp.calls);
1613  values[i++] = Float8GetDatumFast(tmp.total_time);
1614  if (api_version >= PGSS_V1_3)
1615  {
1616  values[i++] = Float8GetDatumFast(tmp.min_time);
1617  values[i++] = Float8GetDatumFast(tmp.max_time);
1618  values[i++] = Float8GetDatumFast(tmp.mean_time);
1619 
1620  /*
1621  * Note we are calculating the population variance here, not the
1622  * sample variance, as we have data for the whole population, so
1623  * Bessel's correction is not used, and we don't divide by
1624  * tmp.calls - 1.
1625  */
1626  if (tmp.calls > 1)
1627  stddev = sqrt(tmp.sum_var_time / tmp.calls);
1628  else
1629  stddev = 0.0;
1630  values[i++] = Float8GetDatumFast(stddev);
1631  }
1632  values[i++] = Int64GetDatumFast(tmp.rows);
1633  values[i++] = Int64GetDatumFast(tmp.shared_blks_hit);
1634  values[i++] = Int64GetDatumFast(tmp.shared_blks_read);
1635  if (api_version >= PGSS_V1_1)
1636  values[i++] = Int64GetDatumFast(tmp.shared_blks_dirtied);
1637  values[i++] = Int64GetDatumFast(tmp.shared_blks_written);
1638  values[i++] = Int64GetDatumFast(tmp.local_blks_hit);
1639  values[i++] = Int64GetDatumFast(tmp.local_blks_read);
1640  if (api_version >= PGSS_V1_1)
1641  values[i++] = Int64GetDatumFast(tmp.local_blks_dirtied);
1642  values[i++] = Int64GetDatumFast(tmp.local_blks_written);
1643  values[i++] = Int64GetDatumFast(tmp.temp_blks_read);
1644  values[i++] = Int64GetDatumFast(tmp.temp_blks_written);
1645  if (api_version >= PGSS_V1_1)
1646  {
1647  values[i++] = Float8GetDatumFast(tmp.blk_read_time);
1648  values[i++] = Float8GetDatumFast(tmp.blk_write_time);
1649  }
1650 
1651  Assert(i == (api_version == PGSS_V1_0 ? PG_STAT_STATEMENTS_COLS_V1_0 :
1652  api_version == PGSS_V1_1 ? PG_STAT_STATEMENTS_COLS_V1_1 :
1653  api_version == PGSS_V1_2 ? PG_STAT_STATEMENTS_COLS_V1_2 :
1654  api_version == PGSS_V1_3 ? PG_STAT_STATEMENTS_COLS_V1_3 :
1655  -1 /* fail if you forget to update this assert */ ));
1656 
1657  tuplestore_putvalues(tupstore, tupdesc, values, nulls);
1658  }
1659 
1660  /* clean up and return the tuplestore */
1661  LWLockRelease(pgss->lock);
1662 
1663  if (qbuffer)
1664  free(qbuffer);
1665 
1666  tuplestore_donestoring(tupstore);
1667 }
1668 
1669 /*
1670  * Estimate shared memory space needed.
1671  */
1672 static Size
1673 pgss_memsize(void)
1674 {
1675  Size size;
1676 
1677  size = MAXALIGN(sizeof(pgssSharedState));
1678  size = add_size(size, hash_estimate_size(pgss_max, sizeof(pgssEntry)));
1679 
1680  return size;
1681 }
1682 
1683 /*
1684  * Allocate a new hashtable entry.
1685  * caller must hold an exclusive lock on pgss->lock
1686  *
1687  * "query" need not be null-terminated; we rely on query_len instead
1688  *
1689  * If "sticky" is true, make the new entry artificially sticky so that it will
1690  * probably still be there when the query finishes execution. We do this by
1691  * giving it a median usage value rather than the normal value. (Strictly
1692  * speaking, query strings are normalized on a best effort basis, though it
1693  * would be difficult to demonstrate this even under artificial conditions.)
1694  *
1695  * Note: despite needing exclusive lock, it's not an error for the target
1696  * entry to already exist. This is because pgss_store releases and
1697  * reacquires lock after failing to find a match; so someone else could
1698  * have made the entry while we waited to get exclusive lock.
1699  */
1700 static pgssEntry *
1701 entry_alloc(pgssHashKey *key, Size query_offset, int query_len, int encoding,
1702  bool sticky)
1703 {
1704  pgssEntry *entry;
1705  bool found;
1706 
1707  /* Make space if needed */
1708  while (hash_get_num_entries(pgss_hash) >= pgss_max)
1709  entry_dealloc();
1710 
1711  /* Find or create an entry with desired hash code */
1712  entry = (pgssEntry *) hash_search(pgss_hash, key, HASH_ENTER, &found);
1713 
1714  if (!found)
1715  {
1716  /* New entry, initialize it */
1717 
1718  /* reset the statistics */
1719  memset(&entry->counters, 0, sizeof(Counters));
1720  /* set the appropriate initial usage count */
1721  entry->counters.usage = sticky ? pgss->cur_median_usage : USAGE_INIT;
1722  /* re-initialize the mutex each time ... we assume no one using it */
1723  SpinLockInit(&entry->mutex);
1724  /* ... and don't forget the query text metadata */
1725  Assert(query_len >= 0);
1726  entry->query_offset = query_offset;
1727  entry->query_len = query_len;
1728  entry->encoding = encoding;
1729  }
1730 
1731  return entry;
1732 }
1733 
1734 /*
1735  * qsort comparator for sorting into increasing usage order
1736  */
1737 static int
1738 entry_cmp(const void *lhs, const void *rhs)
1739 {
1740  double l_usage = (*(pgssEntry *const *) lhs)->counters.usage;
1741  double r_usage = (*(pgssEntry *const *) rhs)->counters.usage;
1742 
1743  if (l_usage < r_usage)
1744  return -1;
1745  else if (l_usage > r_usage)
1746  return +1;
1747  else
1748  return 0;
1749 }
1750 
1751 /*
1752  * Deallocate least-used entries.
1753  *
1754  * Caller must hold an exclusive lock on pgss->lock.
1755  */
1756 static void
1757 entry_dealloc(void)
1758 {
1759  HASH_SEQ_STATUS hash_seq;
1760  pgssEntry **entries;
1761  pgssEntry *entry;
1762  int nvictims;
1763  int i;
1764  Size tottextlen;
1765  int nvalidtexts;
1766 
1767  /*
1768  * Sort entries by usage and deallocate USAGE_DEALLOC_PERCENT of them.
1769  * While we're scanning the table, apply the decay factor to the usage
1770  * values, and update the mean query length.
1771  *
1772  * Note that the mean query length is almost immediately obsolete, since
1773  * we compute it before not after discarding the least-used entries.
1774  * Hopefully, that doesn't affect the mean too much; it doesn't seem worth
1775  * making two passes to get a more current result. Likewise, the new
1776  * cur_median_usage includes the entries we're about to zap.
1777  */
1778 
1779  entries = palloc(hash_get_num_entries(pgss_hash) * sizeof(pgssEntry *));
1780 
1781  i = 0;
1782  tottextlen = 0;
1783  nvalidtexts = 0;
1784 
1785  hash_seq_init(&hash_seq, pgss_hash);
1786  while ((entry = hash_seq_search(&hash_seq)) != NULL)
1787  {
1788  entries[i++] = entry;
1789  /* "Sticky" entries get a different usage decay rate. */
1790  if (entry->counters.calls == 0)
1791  entry->counters.usage *= STICKY_DECREASE_FACTOR;
1792  else
1793  entry->counters.usage *= USAGE_DECREASE_FACTOR;
1794  /* In the mean length computation, ignore dropped texts. */
1795  if (entry->query_len >= 0)
1796  {
1797  tottextlen += entry->query_len + 1;
1798  nvalidtexts++;
1799  }
1800  }
1801 
1802  /* Sort into increasing order by usage */
1803  qsort(entries, i, sizeof(pgssEntry *), entry_cmp);
1804 
1805  /* Record the (approximate) median usage */
1806  if (i > 0)
1807  pgss->cur_median_usage = entries[i / 2]->counters.usage;
1808  /* Record the mean query length */
1809  if (nvalidtexts > 0)
1810  pgss->mean_query_len = tottextlen / nvalidtexts;
1811  else
1812  pgss->mean_query_len = ASSUMED_LENGTH_INIT;
1813 
1814  /* Now zap an appropriate fraction of lowest-usage entries */
1815  nvictims = Max(10, i * USAGE_DEALLOC_PERCENT / 100);
1816  nvictims = Min(nvictims, i);
1817 
1818  for (i = 0; i < nvictims; i++)
1819  {
1820  hash_search(pgss_hash, &entries[i]->key, HASH_REMOVE, NULL);
1821  }
1822 
1823  pfree(entries);
1824 }
1825 
1826 /*
1827  * Given a query string (not necessarily null-terminated), allocate a new
1828  * entry in the external query text file and store the string there.
1829  *
1830  * If successful, returns true, and stores the new entry's offset in the file
1831  * into *query_offset. Also, if gc_count isn't NULL, *gc_count is set to the
1832  * number of garbage collections that have occurred so far.
1833  *
1834  * On failure, returns false.
1835  *
1836  * At least a shared lock on pgss->lock must be held by the caller, so as
1837  * to prevent a concurrent garbage collection. Share-lock-holding callers
1838  * should pass a gc_count pointer to obtain the number of garbage collections,
1839  * so that they can recheck the count after obtaining exclusive lock to
1840  * detect whether a garbage collection occurred (and removed this entry).
1841  */
1842 static bool
1843 qtext_store(const char *query, int query_len,
1844  Size *query_offset, int *gc_count)
1845 {
1846  Size off;
1847  int fd;
1848 
1849  /*
1850  * We use a spinlock to protect extent/n_writers/gc_count, so that
1851  * multiple processes may execute this function concurrently.
1852  */
1853  {
1854  volatile pgssSharedState *s = (volatile pgssSharedState *) pgss;
1855 
1856  SpinLockAcquire(&s->mutex);
1857  off = s->extent;
1858  s->extent += query_len + 1;
1859  s->n_writers++;
1860  if (gc_count)
1861  *gc_count = s->gc_count;
1862  SpinLockRelease(&s->mutex);
1863  }
1864 
1865  *query_offset = off;
1866 
1867  /* Now write the data into the successfully-reserved part of the file */
1868  fd = OpenTransientFile(PGSS_TEXT_FILE, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | PG_BINARY);
1869  if (fd < 0)
1870  goto error;
1871 
1872  if (lseek(fd, off, SEEK_SET) != off)
1873  goto error;
1874 
1875  if (write(fd, query, query_len) != query_len)
1876  goto error;
1877  if (write(fd, "\0", 1) != 1)
1878  goto error;
1879 
1880  CloseTransientFile(fd);
1881 
1882  /* Mark our write complete */
1883  {
1884  volatile pgssSharedState *s = (volatile pgssSharedState *) pgss;
1885 
1886  SpinLockAcquire(&s->mutex);
1887  s->n_writers--;
1888  SpinLockRelease(&s->mutex);
1889  }
1890 
1891  return true;
1892 
1893 error:
1894  ereport(LOG,
1895  (errcode_for_file_access(),
1896  errmsg("could not write file \"%s\": %m",
1897  PGSS_TEXT_FILE)));
1898 
1899  if (fd >= 0)
1900  CloseTransientFile(fd);
1901 
1902  /* Mark our write complete */
1903  {
1904  volatile pgssSharedState *s = (volatile pgssSharedState *) pgss;
1905 
1906  SpinLockAcquire(&s->mutex);
1907  s->n_writers--;
1908  SpinLockRelease(&s->mutex);
1909  }
1910 
1911  return false;
1912 }
1913 
1914 /*
1915  * Read the external query text file into a malloc'd buffer.
1916  *
1917  * Returns NULL (without throwing an error) if unable to read, eg
1918  * file not there or insufficient memory.
1919  *
1920  * On success, the buffer size is also returned into *buffer_size.
1921  *
1922  * This can be called without any lock on pgss->lock, but in that case
1923  * the caller is responsible for verifying that the result is sane.
1924  */
1925 static char *
1926 qtext_load_file(Size *buffer_size)
1927 {
1928  char *buf;
1929  int fd;
1930  struct stat stat;
1931 
1932  fd = OpenTransientFile(PGSS_TEXT_FILE, O_RDONLY | PG_BINARY);
1933  if (fd < 0)
1934  {
1935  if (errno != ENOENT)
1936  ereport(LOG,
1937  (errcode_for_file_access(),
1938  errmsg("could not read file \"%s\": %m",
1939  PGSS_TEXT_FILE)));
1940  return NULL;
1941  }
1942 
1943  /* Get file length */
1944  if (fstat(fd, &stat))
1945  {
1946  ereport(LOG,
1947  (errcode_for_file_access(),
1948  errmsg("could not stat file \"%s\": %m",
1949  PGSS_TEXT_FILE)));
1950  CloseTransientFile(fd);
1951  return NULL;
1952  }
1953 
1954  /* Allocate buffer; beware that off_t might be wider than size_t */
1955  if (stat.st_size <= MaxAllocHugeSize)
1956  buf = (char *) malloc(stat.st_size);
1957  else
1958  buf = NULL;
1959  if (buf == NULL)
1960  {
1961  ereport(LOG,
1962  (errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
1963  errmsg("out of memory"),
1964  errdetail("Could not allocate enough memory to read file \"%s\".",
1965  PGSS_TEXT_FILE)));
1966  CloseTransientFile(fd);
1967  return NULL;
1968  }
1969 
1970  /*
1971  * OK, slurp in the file. If we get a short read and errno doesn't get
1972  * set, the reason is probably that garbage collection truncated the file
1973  * since we did the fstat(), so we don't log a complaint --- but we don't
1974  * return the data, either, since it's most likely corrupt due to
1975  * concurrent writes from garbage collection.
1976  */
1977  errno = 0;
1978  if (read(fd, buf, stat.st_size) != stat.st_size)
1979  {
1980  if (errno)
1981  ereport(LOG,
1982  (errcode_for_file_access(),
1983  errmsg("could not read file \"%s\": %m",
1984  PGSS_TEXT_FILE)));
1985  free(buf);
1986  CloseTransientFile(fd);
1987  return NULL;
1988  }
1989 
1990  if (CloseTransientFile(fd) != 0)
1991  ereport(LOG,
1992  (errcode_for_file_access(),
1993  errmsg("could not close file \"%s\": %m", PGSS_TEXT_FILE)));
1994 
1995  *buffer_size = stat.st_size;
1996  return buf;
1997 }
1998 
1999 /*
2000  * Locate a query text in the file image previously read by qtext_load_file().
2001  *
2002  * We validate the given offset/length, and return NULL if bogus. Otherwise,
2003  * the result points to a null-terminated string within the buffer.
2004  */
2005 static char *
2006 qtext_fetch(Size query_offset, int query_len,
2007  char *buffer, Size buffer_size)
2008 {
2009  /* File read failed? */
2010  if (buffer == NULL)
2011  return NULL;
2012  /* Bogus offset/length? */
2013  if (query_len < 0 ||
2014  query_offset + query_len >= buffer_size)
2015  return NULL;
2016  /* As a further sanity check, make sure there's a trailing null */
2017  if (buffer[query_offset + query_len] != '\0')
2018  return NULL;
2019  /* Looks OK */
2020  return buffer + query_offset;
2021 }
2022 
2023 /*
2024  * Do we need to garbage-collect the external query text file?
2025  *
2026  * Caller should hold at least a shared lock on pgss->lock.
2027  */
2028 static bool
2029 need_gc_qtexts(void)
2030 {
2031  Size extent;
2032 
2033  /* Read shared extent pointer */
2034  {
2035  volatile pgssSharedState *s = (volatile pgssSharedState *) pgss;
2036 
2037  SpinLockAcquire(&s->mutex);
2038  extent = s->extent;
2039  SpinLockRelease(&s->mutex);
2040  }
2041 
2042  /* Don't proceed if file does not exceed 512 bytes per possible entry */
2043  if (extent < 512 * pgss_max)
2044  return false;
2045 
2046  /*
2047  * Don't proceed if file is less than about 50% bloat. Nothing can or
2048  * should be done in the event of unusually large query texts accounting
2049  * for file's large size. We go to the trouble of maintaining the mean
2050  * query length in order to prevent garbage collection from thrashing
2051  * uselessly.
2052  */
2053  if (extent < pgss->mean_query_len * pgss_max * 2)
2054  return false;
2055 
2056  return true;
2057 }
2058 
2059 /*
2060  * Garbage-collect orphaned query texts in external file.
2061  *
2062  * This won't be called often in the typical case, since it's likely that
2063  * there won't be too much churn, and besides, a similar compaction process
2064  * occurs when serializing to disk at shutdown or as part of resetting.
2065  * Despite this, it seems prudent to plan for the edge case where the file
2066  * becomes unreasonably large, with no other method of compaction likely to
2067  * occur in the foreseeable future.
2068  *
2069  * The caller must hold an exclusive lock on pgss->lock.
2070  *
2071  * At the first sign of trouble we unlink the query text file to get a clean
2072  * slate (although existing statistics are retained), rather than risk
2073  * thrashing by allowing the same problem case to recur indefinitely.
2074  */
2075 static void
2076 gc_qtexts(void)
2077 {
2078  char *qbuffer;
2079  Size qbuffer_size;
2080  FILE *qfile = NULL;
2081  HASH_SEQ_STATUS hash_seq;
2082  pgssEntry *entry;
2083  Size extent;
2084  int nentries;
2085 
2086  /*
2087  * When called from pgss_store, some other session might have proceeded
2088  * with garbage collection in the no-lock-held interim of lock strength
2089  * escalation. Check once more that this is actually necessary.
2090  */
2091  if (!need_gc_qtexts())
2092  return;
2093 
2094  /*
2095  * Load the old texts file. If we fail (out of memory, for instance),
2096  * invalidate query texts. Hopefully this is rare. It might seem better
2097  * to leave things alone on an OOM failure, but the problem is that the
2098  * file is only going to get bigger; hoping for a future non-OOM result is
2099  * risky and can easily lead to complete denial of service.
2100  */
2101  qbuffer = qtext_load_file(&qbuffer_size);
2102  if (qbuffer == NULL)
2103  goto gc_fail;
2104 
2105  /*
2106  * We overwrite the query texts file in place, so as to reduce the risk of
2107  * an out-of-disk-space failure. Since the file is guaranteed not to get
2108  * larger, this should always work on traditional filesystems; though we
2109  * could still lose on copy-on-write filesystems.
2110  */
2111  qfile = AllocateFile(PGSS_TEXT_FILE, PG_BINARY_W);
2112  if (qfile == NULL)
2113  {
2114  ereport(LOG,
2115  (errcode_for_file_access(),
2116  errmsg("could not write file \"%s\": %m",
2117  PGSS_TEXT_FILE)));
2118  goto gc_fail;
2119  }
2120 
2121  extent = 0;
2122  nentries = 0;
2123 
2124  hash_seq_init(&hash_seq, pgss_hash);
2125  while ((entry = hash_seq_search(&hash_seq)) != NULL)
2126  {
2127  int query_len = entry->query_len;
2128  char *qry = qtext_fetch(entry->query_offset,
2129  query_len,
2130  qbuffer,
2131  qbuffer_size);
2132 
2133  if (qry == NULL)
2134  {
2135  /* Trouble ... drop the text */
2136  entry->query_offset = 0;
2137  entry->query_len = -1;
2138  /* entry will not be counted in mean query length computation */
2139  continue;
2140  }
2141 
2142  if (fwrite(qry, 1, query_len + 1, qfile) != query_len + 1)
2143  {
2144  ereport(LOG,
2145  (errcode_for_file_access(),
2146  errmsg("could not write file \"%s\": %m",
2147  PGSS_TEXT_FILE)));
2148  hash_seq_term(&hash_seq);
2149  goto gc_fail;
2150  }
2151 
2152  entry->query_offset = extent;
2153  extent += query_len + 1;
2154  nentries++;
2155  }
2156 
2157  /*
2158  * Truncate away any now-unused space. If this fails for some odd reason,
2159  * we log it, but there's no need to fail.
2160  */
2161  if (ftruncate(fileno(qfile), extent) != 0)
2162  ereport(LOG,
2163  (errcode_for_file_access(),
2164  errmsg("could not truncate file \"%s\": %m",
2165  PGSS_TEXT_FILE)));
2166 
2167  if (FreeFile(qfile))
2168  {
2169  ereport(LOG,
2170  (errcode_for_file_access(),
2171  errmsg("could not write file \"%s\": %m",
2172  PGSS_TEXT_FILE)));
2173  qfile = NULL;
2174  goto gc_fail;
2175  }
2176 
2177  elog(DEBUG1, "pgss gc of queries file shrunk size from %zu to %zu",
2178  pgss->extent, extent);
2179 
2180  /* Reset the shared extent pointer */
2181  pgss->extent = extent;
2182 
2183  /*
2184  * Also update the mean query length, to be sure that need_gc_qtexts()
2185  * won't still think we have a problem.
2186  */
2187  if (nentries > 0)
2188  pgss->mean_query_len = extent / nentries;
2189  else
2190  pgss->mean_query_len = ASSUMED_LENGTH_INIT;
2191 
2192  free(qbuffer);
2193 
2194  /*
2195  * OK, count a garbage collection cycle. (Note: even though we have
2196  * exclusive lock on pgss->lock, we must take pgss->mutex for this, since
2197  * other processes may examine gc_count while holding only the mutex.
2198  * Also, we have to advance the count *after* we've rewritten the file,
2199  * else other processes might not realize they read a stale file.)
2200  */
2201  record_gc_qtexts();
2202 
2203  return;
2204 
2205 gc_fail:
2206  /* clean up resources */
2207  if (qfile)
2208  FreeFile(qfile);
2209  if (qbuffer)
2210  free(qbuffer);
2211 
2212  /*
2213  * Since the contents of the external file are now uncertain, mark all
2214  * hashtable entries as having invalid texts.
2215  */
2216  hash_seq_init(&hash_seq, pgss_hash);
2217  while ((entry = hash_seq_search(&hash_seq)) != NULL)
2218  {
2219  entry->query_offset = 0;
2220  entry->query_len = -1;
2221  }
2222 
2223  /*
2224  * Destroy the query text file and create a new, empty one
2225  */
2226  (void) unlink(PGSS_TEXT_FILE);
2227  qfile = AllocateFile(PGSS_TEXT_FILE, PG_BINARY_W);
2228  if (qfile == NULL)
2229  ereport(LOG,
2230  (errcode_for_file_access(),
2231  errmsg("could not recreate file \"%s\": %m",
2232  PGSS_TEXT_FILE)));
2233  else
2234  FreeFile(qfile);
2235 
2236  /* Reset the shared extent pointer */
2237  pgss->extent = 0;
2238 
2239  /* Reset mean_query_len to match the new state */
2240  pgss->mean_query_len = ASSUMED_LENGTH_INIT;
2241 
2242  /*
2243  * Bump the GC count even though we failed.
2244  *
2245  * This is needed to make concurrent readers of file without any lock on
2246  * pgss->lock notice existence of new version of file. Once readers
2247  * subsequently observe a change in GC count with pgss->lock held, that
2248  * forces a safe reopen of file. Writers also require that we bump here,
2249  * of course. (As required by locking protocol, readers and writers don't
2250  * trust earlier file contents until gc_count is found unchanged after
2251  * pgss->lock acquired in shared or exclusive mode respectively.)
2252  */
2253  record_gc_qtexts();
2254 }
2255 
2256 /*
2257  * Release entries corresponding to parameters passed.
2258  */
2259 static void
2260 entry_reset(Oid userid, Oid dbid, uint64 queryid)
2261 {
2262  HASH_SEQ_STATUS hash_seq;
2263  pgssEntry *entry;
2264  FILE *qfile;
2265  long num_entries;
2266  long num_remove = 0;
2267  pgssHashKey key;
2268 
2269  if (!pgss || !pgss_hash)
2270  ereport(ERROR,
2271  (errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
2272  errmsg("pg_stat_statements must be loaded via shared_preload_libraries")));
2273 
2274  LWLockAcquire(pgss->lock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
2275  num_entries = hash_get_num_entries(pgss_hash);
2276 
2277  if (userid != 0 && dbid != 0 && queryid != UINT64CONST(0))
2278  {
2279  /* If all the parameters are available, use the fast path. */
2280  key.userid = userid;
2281  key.dbid = dbid;
2282  key.queryid = queryid;
2283 
2284  /* Remove the key if exists */
2285  entry = (pgssEntry *) hash_search(pgss_hash, &key, HASH_REMOVE, NULL);
2286  if (entry) /* found */
2287  num_remove++;
2288  }
2289  else if (userid != 0 || dbid != 0 || queryid != UINT64CONST(0))
2290  {
2291  /* Remove entries corresponding to valid parameters. */
2292  hash_seq_init(&hash_seq, pgss_hash);
2293  while ((entry = hash_seq_search(&hash_seq)) != NULL)
2294  {
2295  if ((!userid || entry->key.userid == userid) &&
2296  (!dbid || entry->key.dbid == dbid) &&
2297  (!queryid || entry->key.queryid == queryid))
2298  {
2299  hash_search(pgss_hash, &entry->key, HASH_REMOVE, NULL);
2300  num_remove++;
2301  }
2302  }
2303  }
2304  else
2305  {
2306  /* Remove all entries. */
2307  hash_seq_init(&hash_seq, pgss_hash);
2308  while ((entry = hash_seq_search(&hash_seq)) != NULL)
2309  {
2310  hash_search(pgss_hash, &entry->key, HASH_REMOVE, NULL);
2311  num_remove++;
2312  }
2313  }
2314 
2315  /* All entries are removed? */
2316  if (num_entries != num_remove)
2317  goto release_lock;
2318 
2319  /*
2320  * Write new empty query file, perhaps even creating a new one to recover
2321  * if the file was missing.
2322  */
2323  qfile = AllocateFile(PGSS_TEXT_FILE, PG_BINARY_W);
2324  if (qfile == NULL)
2325  {
2326  ereport(LOG,
2327  (errcode_for_file_access(),
2328  errmsg("could not create file \"%s\": %m",
2329  PGSS_TEXT_FILE)));
2330  goto done;
2331  }
2332 
2333  /* If ftruncate fails, log it, but it's not a fatal problem */
2334  if (ftruncate(fileno(qfile), 0) != 0)
2335  ereport(LOG,
2336  (errcode_for_file_access(),
2337  errmsg("could not truncate file \"%s\": %m",
2338  PGSS_TEXT_FILE)));
2339 
2340  FreeFile(qfile);
2341 
2342 done:
2343  pgss->extent = 0;
2344  /* This counts as a query text garbage collection for our purposes */
2345  record_gc_qtexts();
2346 
2347 release_lock:
2348  LWLockRelease(pgss->lock);
2349 }
2350 
2351 /*
2352  * AppendJumble: Append a value that is substantive in a given query to
2353  * the current jumble.
2354  */
2355 static void
2356 AppendJumble(pgssJumbleState *jstate, const unsigned char *item, Size size)
2357 {
2358  unsigned char *jumble = jstate->jumble;
2359  Size jumble_len = jstate->jumble_len;
2360 
2361  /*
2362  * Whenever the jumble buffer is full, we hash the current contents and
2363  * reset the buffer to contain just that hash value, thus relying on the
2364  * hash to summarize everything so far.
2365  */
2366  while (size > 0)
2367  {
2368  Size part_size;
2369 
2370  if (jumble_len >= JUMBLE_SIZE)
2371  {
2372  uint64 start_hash;
2373 
2374  start_hash = DatumGetUInt64(hash_any_extended(jumble,
2375  JUMBLE_SIZE, 0));
2376  memcpy(jumble, &start_hash, sizeof(start_hash));
2377  jumble_len = sizeof(start_hash);
2378  }
2379  part_size = Min(size, JUMBLE_SIZE - jumble_len);
2380  memcpy(jumble + jumble_len, item, part_size);
2381  jumble_len += part_size;
2382  item += part_size;
2383  size -= part_size;
2384  }
2385  jstate->jumble_len = jumble_len;
2386 }
2387 
2388 /*
2389  * Wrappers around AppendJumble to encapsulate details of serialization
2390  * of individual local variable elements.
2391  */
2392 #define APP_JUMB(item) \
2393  AppendJumble(jstate, (const unsigned char *) &(item), sizeof(item))
2394 #define APP_JUMB_STRING(str) \
2395  AppendJumble(jstate, (const unsigned char *) (str), strlen(str) + 1)
2396 
2397 /*
2398  * JumbleQuery: Selectively serialize the query tree, appending significant
2399  * data to the "query jumble" while ignoring nonsignificant data.
2400  *
2401  * Rule of thumb for what to include is that we should ignore anything not
2402  * semantically significant (such as alias names) as well as anything that can
2403  * be deduced from child nodes (else we'd just be double-hashing that piece
2404  * of information).
2405  */
2406 static void
2407 JumbleQuery(pgssJumbleState *jstate, Query *query)
2408 {
2409  Assert(IsA(query, Query));
2410  Assert(query->utilityStmt == NULL);
2411 
2412  APP_JUMB(query->commandType);
2413  /* resultRelation is usually predictable from commandType */
2414  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) query->cteList);
2415  JumbleRangeTable(jstate, query->rtable);
2416  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) query->jointree);
2417  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) query->targetList);
2418  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) query->onConflict);
2419  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) query->returningList);
2420  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) query->groupClause);
2421  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) query->groupingSets);
2422  JumbleExpr(jstate, query->havingQual);
2423  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) query->windowClause);
2424  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) query->distinctClause);
2425  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) query->sortClause);
2426  JumbleExpr(jstate, query->limitOffset);
2427  JumbleExpr(jstate, query->limitCount);
2428  JumbleRowMarks(jstate, query->rowMarks);
2429  JumbleExpr(jstate, query->setOperations);
2430 }
2431 
2432 /*
2433  * Jumble a range table
2434  */
2435 static void
2436 JumbleRangeTable(pgssJumbleState *jstate, List *rtable)
2437 {
2438  ListCell *lc;
2439 
2440  foreach(lc, rtable)
2441  {
2442  RangeTblEntry *rte = lfirst_node(RangeTblEntry, lc);
2443 
2444  APP_JUMB(rte->rtekind);
2445  switch (rte->rtekind)
2446  {
2447  case RTE_RELATION:
2448  APP_JUMB(rte->relid);
2449  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) rte->tablesample);
2450  break;
2451  case RTE_SUBQUERY:
2452  JumbleQuery(jstate, rte->subquery);
2453  break;
2454  case RTE_JOIN:
2455  APP_JUMB(rte->jointype);
2456  break;
2457  case RTE_FUNCTION:
2458  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) rte->functions);
2459  break;
2460  case RTE_TABLEFUNC:
2461  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) rte->tablefunc);
2462  break;
2463  case RTE_VALUES:
2464  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) rte->values_lists);
2465  break;
2466  case RTE_CTE:
2467 
2468  /*
2469  * Depending on the CTE name here isn't ideal, but it's the
2470  * only info we have to identify the referenced WITH item.
2471  */
2472  APP_JUMB_STRING(rte->ctename);
2473  APP_JUMB(rte->ctelevelsup);
2474  break;
2475  case RTE_NAMEDTUPLESTORE:
2476  APP_JUMB_STRING(rte->enrname);
2477  break;
2478  case RTE_RESULT:
2479  break;
2480  default:
2481  elog(ERROR, "unrecognized RTE kind: %d", (int) rte->rtekind);
2482  break;
2483  }
2484  }
2485 }
2486 
2487 /*
2488  * Jumble a rowMarks list
2489  */
2490 static void
2491 JumbleRowMarks(pgssJumbleState *jstate, List *rowMarks)
2492 {
2493  ListCell *lc;
2494 
2495  foreach(lc, rowMarks)
2496  {
2497  RowMarkClause *rowmark = lfirst_node(RowMarkClause, lc);
2498  if (!rowmark->pushedDown)
2499  {
2500  APP_JUMB(rowmark->rti);
2501  APP_JUMB(rowmark->strength);
2502  APP_JUMB(rowmark->waitPolicy);
2503  }
2504  }
2505 }
2506 
2507 /*
2508  * Jumble an expression tree
2509  *
2510  * In general this function should handle all the same node types that
2511  * expression_tree_walker() does, and therefore it's coded to be as parallel
2512  * to that function as possible. However, since we are only invoked on
2513  * queries immediately post-parse-analysis, we need not handle node types
2514  * that only appear in planning.
2515  *
2516  * Note: the reason we don't simply use expression_tree_walker() is that the
2517  * point of that function is to support tree walkers that don't care about
2518  * most tree node types, but here we care about all types. We should complain
2519  * about any unrecognized node type.
2520  */
2521 static void
2522 JumbleExpr(pgssJumbleState *jstate, Node *node)
2523 {
2524  ListCell *temp;
2525 
2526  if (node == NULL)
2527  return;
2528 
2529  /* Guard against stack overflow due to overly complex expressions */
2530  check_stack_depth();
2531 
2532  /*
2533  * We always emit the node's NodeTag, then any additional fields that are
2534  * considered significant, and then we recurse to any child nodes.
2535  */
2536  APP_JUMB(node->type);
2537 
2538  switch (nodeTag(node))
2539  {
2540  case T_Var:
2541  {
2542  Var *var = (Var *) node;
2543 
2544  APP_JUMB(var->varno);
2545  APP_JUMB(var->varattno);
2546  APP_JUMB(var->varlevelsup);
2547  }
2548  break;
2549  case T_Const:
2550  {
2551  Const *c = (Const *) node;
2552 
2553  /* We jumble only the constant's type, not its value */
2554  APP_JUMB(c->consttype);
2555  /* Also, record its parse location for query normalization */
2556  RecordConstLocation(jstate, c->location);
2557  }
2558  break;
2559  case T_Param:
2560  {
2561  Param *p = (Param *) node;
2562 
2563  APP_JUMB(p->paramkind);
2564  APP_JUMB(p->paramid);
2565  APP_JUMB(p->paramtype);
2566  /* Also, track the highest external Param id */
2567  if (p->paramkind == PARAM_EXTERN &&
2568  p->paramid > jstate->highest_extern_param_id)
2569  jstate->highest_extern_param_id = p->paramid;
2570  }
2571  break;
2572  case T_Aggref:
2573  {
2574  Aggref *expr = (Aggref *) node;
2575 
2576  APP_JUMB(expr->aggfnoid);
2577  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) expr->aggdirectargs);
2578  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) expr->args);
2579  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) expr->aggorder);
2580  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) expr->aggdistinct);
2581  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) expr->aggfilter);
2582  }
2583  break;
2584  case T_GroupingFunc:
2585  {
2586  GroupingFunc *grpnode = (GroupingFunc *) node;
2587 
2588  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) grpnode->refs);
2589  }
2590  break;
2591  case T_WindowFunc:
2592  {
2593  WindowFunc *expr = (WindowFunc *) node;
2594 
2595  APP_JUMB(expr->winfnoid);
2596  APP_JUMB(expr->winref);
2597  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) expr->args);
2598  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) expr->aggfilter);
2599  }
2600  break;
2601  case T_SubscriptingRef:
2602  {
2603  SubscriptingRef *sbsref = (SubscriptingRef *) node;
2604 
2605  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) sbsref->refupperindexpr);
2606  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) sbsref->reflowerindexpr);
2607  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) sbsref->refexpr);
2608  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr);
2609  }
2610  break;
2611  case T_FuncExpr:
2612  {
2613  FuncExpr *expr = (FuncExpr *) node;
2614 
2615  APP_JUMB(expr->funcid);
2616  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) expr->args);
2617  }
2618  break;
2619  case T_NamedArgExpr:
2620  {
2621  NamedArgExpr *nae = (NamedArgExpr *) node;
2622 
2623  APP_JUMB(nae->argnumber);
2624  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) nae->arg);
2625  }
2626  break;
2627  case T_OpExpr:
2628  case T_DistinctExpr: /* struct-equivalent to OpExpr */
2629  case T_NullIfExpr: /* struct-equivalent to OpExpr */
2630  {
2631  OpExpr *expr = (OpExpr *) node;
2632 
2633  APP_JUMB(expr->opno);
2634  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) expr->args);
2635  }
2636  break;
2637  case T_ScalarArrayOpExpr:
2638  {
2639  ScalarArrayOpExpr *expr = (ScalarArrayOpExpr *) node;
2640 
2641  APP_JUMB(expr->opno);
2642  APP_JUMB(expr->useOr);
2643  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) expr->args);
2644  }
2645  break;
2646  case T_BoolExpr:
2647  {
2648  BoolExpr *expr = (BoolExpr *) node;
2649 
2650  APP_JUMB(expr->boolop);
2651  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) expr->args);
2652  }
2653  break;
2654  case T_SubLink:
2655  {
2656  SubLink *sublink = (SubLink *) node;
2657 
2658  APP_JUMB(sublink->subLinkType);
2659  APP_JUMB(sublink->subLinkId);
2660  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) sublink->testexpr);
2661  JumbleQuery(jstate, castNode(Query, sublink->subselect));
2662  }
2663  break;
2664  case T_FieldSelect:
2665  {
2666  FieldSelect *fs = (FieldSelect *) node;
2667 
2668  APP_JUMB(fs->fieldnum);
2669  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) fs->arg);
2670  }
2671  break;
2672  case T_FieldStore:
2673  {
2674  FieldStore *fstore = (FieldStore *) node;
2675 
2676  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) fstore->arg);
2677  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) fstore->newvals);
2678  }
2679  break;
2680  case T_RelabelType:
2681  {
2682  RelabelType *rt = (RelabelType *) node;
2683 
2684  APP_JUMB(rt->resulttype);
2685  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) rt->arg);
2686  }
2687  break;
2688  case T_CoerceViaIO:
2689  {
2690  CoerceViaIO *cio = (CoerceViaIO *) node;
2691 
2692  APP_JUMB(cio->resulttype);
2693  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) cio->arg);
2694  }
2695  break;
2696  case T_ArrayCoerceExpr:
2697  {
2698  ArrayCoerceExpr *acexpr = (ArrayCoerceExpr *) node;
2699 
2700  APP_JUMB(acexpr->resulttype);
2701  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) acexpr->arg);
2702  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) acexpr->elemexpr);
2703  }
2704  break;
2705  case T_ConvertRowtypeExpr:
2706  {
2707  ConvertRowtypeExpr *crexpr = (ConvertRowtypeExpr *) node;
2708 
2709  APP_JUMB(crexpr->resulttype);
2710  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) crexpr->arg);
2711  }
2712  break;
2713  case T_CollateExpr:
2714  {
2715  CollateExpr *ce = (CollateExpr *) node;
2716 
2717  APP_JUMB(ce->collOid);
2718  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) ce->arg);
2719  }
2720  break;
2721  case T_CaseExpr:
2722  {
2723  CaseExpr *caseexpr = (CaseExpr *) node;
2724 
2725  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) caseexpr->arg);
2726  foreach(temp, caseexpr->args)
2727  {
2728  CaseWhen *when = lfirst_node(CaseWhen, temp);
2729 
2730  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) when->expr);
2731  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) when->result);
2732  }
2733  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) caseexpr->defresult);
2734  }
2735  break;
2736  case T_CaseTestExpr:
2737  {
2738  CaseTestExpr *ct = (CaseTestExpr *) node;
2739 
2740  APP_JUMB(ct->typeId);
2741  }
2742  break;
2743  case T_ArrayExpr:
2744  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) ((ArrayExpr *) node)->elements);
2745  break;
2746  case T_RowExpr:
2747  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) ((RowExpr *) node)->args);
2748  break;
2749  case T_RowCompareExpr:
2750  {
2751  RowCompareExpr *rcexpr = (RowCompareExpr *) node;
2752 
2753  APP_JUMB(rcexpr->rctype);
2754  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) rcexpr->largs);
2755  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) rcexpr->rargs);
2756  }
2757  break;
2758  case T_CoalesceExpr:
2759  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) ((CoalesceExpr *) node)->args);
2760  break;
2761  case T_MinMaxExpr:
2762  {
2763  MinMaxExpr *mmexpr = (MinMaxExpr *) node;
2764 
2765  APP_JUMB(mmexpr->op);
2766  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) mmexpr->args);
2767  }
2768  break;
2769  case T_SQLValueFunction:
2770  {
2771  SQLValueFunction *svf = (SQLValueFunction *) node;
2772 
2773  APP_JUMB(svf->op);
2774  /* type is fully determined by op */
2775  APP_JUMB(svf->typmod);
2776  }
2777  break;
2778  case T_XmlExpr:
2779  {
2780  XmlExpr *xexpr = (XmlExpr *) node;
2781 
2782  APP_JUMB(xexpr->op);
2783  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) xexpr->named_args);
2784  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) xexpr->args);
2785  }
2786  break;
2787  case T_NullTest:
2788  {
2789  NullTest *nt = (NullTest *) node;
2790 
2791  APP_JUMB(nt->nulltesttype);
2792  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) nt->arg);
2793  }
2794  break;
2795  case T_BooleanTest:
2796  {
2797  BooleanTest *bt = (BooleanTest *) node;
2798 
2799  APP_JUMB(bt->booltesttype);
2800  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) bt->arg);
2801  }
2802  break;
2803  case T_CoerceToDomain:
2804  {
2805  CoerceToDomain *cd = (CoerceToDomain *) node;
2806 
2807  APP_JUMB(cd->resulttype);
2808  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) cd->arg);
2809  }
2810  break;
2811  case T_CoerceToDomainValue:
2812  {
2813  CoerceToDomainValue *cdv = (CoerceToDomainValue *) node;
2814 
2815  APP_JUMB(cdv->typeId);
2816  }
2817  break;
2818  case T_SetToDefault:
2819  {
2820  SetToDefault *sd = (SetToDefault *) node;
2821 
2822  APP_JUMB(sd->typeId);
2823  }
2824  break;
2825  case T_CurrentOfExpr:
2826  {
2827  CurrentOfExpr *ce = (CurrentOfExpr *) node;
2828 
2829  APP_JUMB(ce->cvarno);
2830  if (ce->cursor_name)
2831  APP_JUMB_STRING(ce->cursor_name);
2832  APP_JUMB(ce->cursor_param);
2833  }
2834  break;
2835  case T_NextValueExpr:
2836  {
2837  NextValueExpr *nve = (NextValueExpr *) node;
2838 
2839  APP_JUMB(nve->seqid);
2840  APP_JUMB(nve->typeId);
2841  }
2842  break;
2843  case T_InferenceElem:
2844  {
2845  InferenceElem *ie = (InferenceElem *) node;
2846 
2847  APP_JUMB(ie->infercollid);
2848  APP_JUMB(ie->inferopclass);
2849  JumbleExpr(jstate, ie->expr);
2850  }
2851  break;
2852  case T_TargetEntry:
2853  {
2854  TargetEntry *tle = (TargetEntry *) node;
2855 
2856  APP_JUMB(tle->resno);
2857  APP_JUMB(tle->ressortgroupref);
2858  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) tle->expr);
2859  }
2860  break;
2861  case T_RangeTblRef:
2862  {
2863  RangeTblRef *rtr = (RangeTblRef *) node;
2864 
2865  APP_JUMB(rtr->rtindex);
2866  }
2867  break;
2868  case T_JoinExpr:
2869  {
2870  JoinExpr *join = (JoinExpr *) node;
2871 
2872  APP_JUMB(join->jointype);
2873  APP_JUMB(join->isNatural);
2874  APP_JUMB(join->rtindex);
2875  JumbleExpr(jstate, join->larg);
2876  JumbleExpr(jstate, join->rarg);
2877  JumbleExpr(jstate, join->quals);
2878  }
2879  break;
2880  case T_FromExpr:
2881  {
2882  FromExpr *from = (FromExpr *) node;
2883 
2884  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) from->fromlist);
2885  JumbleExpr(jstate, from->quals);
2886  }
2887  break;
2888  case T_OnConflictExpr:
2889  {
2890  OnConflictExpr *conf = (OnConflictExpr *) node;
2891 
2892  APP_JUMB(conf->action);
2893  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) conf->arbiterElems);
2894  JumbleExpr(jstate, conf->arbiterWhere);
2895  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) conf->onConflictSet);
2896  JumbleExpr(jstate, conf->onConflictWhere);
2897  APP_JUMB(conf->constraint);
2898  APP_JUMB(conf->exclRelIndex);
2899  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) conf->exclRelTlist);
2900  }
2901  break;
2902  case T_List:
2903  foreach(temp, (List *) node)
2904  {
2905  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) lfirst(temp));
2906  }
2907  break;
2908  case T_IntList:
2909  foreach(temp, (List *) node)
2910  {
2911  APP_JUMB(lfirst_int(temp));
2912  }
2913  break;
2914  case T_SortGroupClause:
2915  {
2916  SortGroupClause *sgc = (SortGroupClause *) node;
2917 
2918  APP_JUMB(sgc->tleSortGroupRef);
2919  APP_JUMB(sgc->eqop);
2920  APP_JUMB(sgc->sortop);
2921  APP_JUMB(sgc->nulls_first);
2922  }
2923  break;
2924  case T_GroupingSet:
2925  {
2926  GroupingSet *gsnode = (GroupingSet *) node;
2927 
2928  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) gsnode->content);
2929  }
2930  break;
2931  case T_WindowClause:
2932  {
2933  WindowClause *wc = (WindowClause *) node;
2934 
2935  APP_JUMB(wc->winref);
2936  APP_JUMB(wc->frameOptions);
2937  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) wc->partitionClause);
2938  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) wc->orderClause);
2939  JumbleExpr(jstate, wc->startOffset);
2940  JumbleExpr(jstate, wc->endOffset);
2941  }
2942  break;
2943  case T_CommonTableExpr:
2944  {
2945  CommonTableExpr *cte = (CommonTableExpr *) node;
2946 
2947  /* we store the string name because RTE_CTE RTEs need it */
2948  APP_JUMB_STRING(cte->ctename);
2949  APP_JUMB(cte->ctematerialized);
2950  JumbleQuery(jstate, castNode(Query, cte->ctequery));
2951  }
2952  break;
2953  case T_SetOperationStmt:
2954  {
2955  SetOperationStmt *setop = (SetOperationStmt *) node;
2956 
2957  APP_JUMB(setop->op);
2958  APP_JUMB(setop->all);
2959  JumbleExpr(jstate, setop->larg);
2960  JumbleExpr(jstate, setop->rarg);
2961  }
2962  break;
2963  case T_RangeTblFunction:
2964  {
2965  RangeTblFunction *rtfunc = (RangeTblFunction *) node;
2966 
2967  JumbleExpr(jstate, rtfunc->funcexpr);
2968  }
2969  break;
2970  case T_TableFunc:
2971  {
2972  TableFunc *tablefunc = (TableFunc *) node;
2973 
2974  JumbleExpr(jstate, tablefunc->docexpr);
2975  JumbleExpr(jstate, tablefunc->rowexpr);
2976  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) tablefunc->colexprs);
2977  }
2978  break;
2979  case T_TableSampleClause:
2980  {
2981  TableSampleClause *tsc = (TableSampleClause *) node;
2982 
2983  APP_JUMB(tsc->tsmhandler);
2984  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) tsc->args);
2985  JumbleExpr(jstate, (Node *) tsc->repeatable);
2986  }
2987  break;
2988  default:
2989  /* Only a warning, since we can stumble along anyway */
2990  elog(WARNING, "unrecognized node type: %d",
2991  (int) nodeTag(node));
2992  break;
2993  }
2994 }
2995 
2996 /*
2997  * Record location of constant within query string of query tree
2998  * that is currently being walked.
2999  */
3000 static void
3001 RecordConstLocation(pgssJumbleState *jstate, int location)
3002 {
3003  /* -1 indicates unknown or undefined location */
3004  if (location >= 0)
3005  {
3006  /* enlarge array if needed */
3007  if (jstate->clocations_count >= jstate->clocations_buf_size)
3008  {
3009  jstate->clocations_buf_size *= 2;
3010  jstate->clocations = (pgssLocationLen *)
3011  repalloc(jstate->clocations,
3012  jstate->clocations_buf_size *
3013  sizeof(pgssLocationLen));
3014  }
3015  jstate->clocations[jstate->clocations_count].location = location;
3016  /* initialize lengths to -1 to simplify fill_in_constant_lengths */
3017  jstate->clocations[jstate->clocations_count].length = -1;
3018  jstate->clocations_count++;
3019  }
3020 }
3021 
3022 /*
3023  * Generate a normalized version of the query string that will be used to
3024  * represent all similar queries.
3025  *
3026  * Note that the normalized representation may well vary depending on
3027  * just which "equivalent" query is used to create the hashtable entry.
3028  * We assume this is OK.
3029  *
3030  * If query_loc > 0, then "query" has been advanced by that much compared to
3031  * the original string start, so we need to translate the provided locations
3032  * to compensate. (This lets us avoid re-scanning statements before the one
3033  * of interest, so it's worth doing.)
3034  *
3035  * *query_len_p contains the input string length, and is updated with
3036  * the result string length on exit. The resulting string might be longer
3037  * or shorter depending on what happens with replacement of constants.
3038  *
3039  * Returns a palloc'd string.
3040  */
3041 static char *
3042 generate_normalized_query(pgssJumbleState *jstate, const char *query,
3043  int query_loc, int *query_len_p, int encoding)
3044 {
3045  char *norm_query;
3046  int query_len = *query_len_p;
3047  int i,
3048  norm_query_buflen, /* Space allowed for norm_query */
3049  len_to_wrt, /* Length (in bytes) to write */
3050  quer_loc = 0, /* Source query byte location */
3051  n_quer_loc = 0, /* Normalized query byte location */
3052  last_off = 0, /* Offset from start for previous tok */
3053  last_tok_len = 0; /* Length (in bytes) of that tok */
3054 
3055  /*
3056  * Get constants' lengths (core system only gives us locations). Note
3057  * this also ensures the items are sorted by location.
3058  */
3059  fill_in_constant_lengths(jstate, query, query_loc);
3060 
3061  /*
3062  * Allow for $n symbols to be longer than the constants they replace.
3063  * Constants must take at least one byte in text form, while a $n symbol
3064  * certainly isn't more than 11 bytes, even if n reaches INT_MAX. We
3065  * could refine that limit based on the max value of n for the current
3066  * query, but it hardly seems worth any extra effort to do so.
3067  */
3068  norm_query_buflen = query_len + jstate->clocations_count * 10;
3069 
3070  /* Allocate result buffer */
3071  norm_query = palloc(norm_query_buflen + 1);
3072 
3073  for (i = 0; i < jstate->clocations_count; i++)
3074  {
3075  int off, /* Offset from start for cur tok */
3076  tok_len; /* Length (in bytes) of that tok */
3077 
3078  off = jstate->clocations[i].location;
3079  /* Adjust recorded location if we're dealing with partial string */
3080  off -= query_loc;
3081 
3082  tok_len = jstate->clocations[i].length;
3083 
3084  if (tok_len < 0)
3085  continue; /* ignore any duplicates */
3086 
3087  /* Copy next chunk (what precedes the next constant) */
3088  len_to_wrt = off - last_off;
3089  len_to_wrt -= last_tok_len;
3090 
3091  Assert(len_to_wrt >= 0);
3092  memcpy(norm_query + n_quer_loc, query + quer_loc, len_to_wrt);
3093  n_quer_loc += len_to_wrt;
3094 
3095  /* And insert a param symbol in place of the constant token */
3096  n_quer_loc += sprintf(norm_query + n_quer_loc, "$%d",
3097  i + 1 + jstate->highest_extern_param_id);
3098 
3099  quer_loc = off + tok_len;
3100  last_off = off;
3101  last_tok_len = tok_len;
3102  }
3103 
3104  /*
3105  * We've copied up until the last ignorable constant. Copy over the
3106  * remaining bytes of the original query string.
3107  */
3108  len_to_wrt = query_len - quer_loc;
3109 
3110  Assert(len_to_wrt >= 0);
3111  memcpy(norm_query + n_quer_loc, query + quer_loc, len_to_wrt);
3112  n_quer_loc += len_to_wrt;
3113 
3114  Assert(n_quer_loc <= norm_query_buflen);
3115  norm_query[n_quer_loc] = '\0';
3116 
3117  *query_len_p = n_quer_loc;
3118  return norm_query;
3119 }
3120 
3121 /*
3122  * Given a valid SQL string and an array of constant-location records,
3123  * fill in the textual lengths of those constants.
3124  *
3125  * The constants may use any allowed constant syntax, such as float literals,
3126  * bit-strings, single-quoted strings and dollar-quoted strings. This is
3127  * accomplished by using the public API for the core scanner.
3128  *
3129  * It is the caller's job to ensure that the string is a valid SQL statement
3130  * with constants at the indicated locations. Since in practice the string
3131  * has already been parsed, and the locations that the caller provides will
3132  * have originated from within the authoritative parser, this should not be
3133  * a problem.
3134  *
3135  * Duplicate constant pointers are possible, and will have their lengths
3136  * marked as '-1', so that they are later ignored. (Actually, we assume the
3137  * lengths were initialized as -1 to start with, and don't change them here.)
3138  *
3139  * If query_loc > 0, then "query" has been advanced by that much compared to
3140  * the original string start, so we need to translate the provided locations
3141  * to compensate. (This lets us avoid re-scanning statements before the one
3142  * of interest, so it's worth doing.)
3143  *
3144  * N.B. There is an assumption that a '-' character at a Const location begins
3145  * a negative numeric constant. This precludes there ever being another
3146  * reason for a constant to start with a '-'.
3147  */
3148 static void
3149 fill_in_constant_lengths(pgssJumbleState *jstate, const char *query,
3150  int query_loc)
3151 {
3152  pgssLocationLen *locs;
3153  core_yyscan_t yyscanner;
3154  core_yy_extra_type yyextra;
3155  core_YYSTYPE yylval;
3156  YYLTYPE yylloc;
3157  int last_loc = -1;
3158  int i;
3159 
3160  /*
3161  * Sort the records by location so that we can process them in order while
3162  * scanning the query text.
3163  */
3164  if (jstate->clocations_count > 1)
3165  qsort(jstate->clocations, jstate->clocations_count,
3166  sizeof(pgssLocationLen), comp_location);
3167  locs = jstate->clocations;
3168 
3169  /* initialize the flex scanner --- should match raw_parser() */
3170  yyscanner = scanner_init(query,
3171  &yyextra,
3172  &ScanKeywords,
3173  ScanKeywordTokens);
3174 
3175  /* we don't want to re-emit any escape string warnings */
3176  yyextra.escape_string_warning = false;
3177 
3178  /* Search for each constant, in sequence */
3179  for (i = 0; i < jstate->clocations_count; i++)
3180  {
3181  int loc = locs[i].location;
3182  int tok;
3183 
3184  /* Adjust recorded location if we're dealing with partial string */
3185  loc -= query_loc;
3186 
3187  Assert(loc >= 0);
3188 
3189  if (loc <= last_loc)
3190  continue; /* Duplicate constant, ignore */
3191 
3192  /* Lex tokens until we find the desired constant */
3193  for (;;)
3194  {
3195  tok = core_yylex(&yylval, &yylloc, yyscanner);
3196 
3197  /* We should not hit end-of-string, but if we do, behave sanely */
3198  if (tok == 0)
3199  break; /* out of inner for-loop */
3200 
3201  /*
3202  * We should find the token position exactly, but if we somehow
3203  * run past it, work with that.
3204  */
3205  if (yylloc >= loc)
3206  {
3207  if (query[loc] == '-')
3208  {
3209  /*
3210  * It's a negative value - this is the one and only case
3211  * where we replace more than a single token.
3212  *
3213  * Do not compensate for the core system's special-case
3214  * adjustment of location to that of the leading '-'
3215  * operator in the event of a negative constant. It is
3216  * also useful for our purposes to start from the minus
3217  * symbol. In this way, queries like "select * from foo
3218  * where bar = 1" and "select * from foo where bar = -2"
3219  * will have identical normalized query strings.
3220  */
3221  tok = core_yylex(&yylval, &yylloc, yyscanner);
3222  if (tok == 0)
3223  break; /* out of inner for-loop */
3224  }
3225 
3226  /*
3227  * We now rely on the assumption that flex has placed a zero
3228  * byte after the text of the current token in scanbuf.
3229  */
3230  locs[i].length = strlen(yyextra.scanbuf + loc);
3231  break; /* out of inner for-loop */
3232  }
3233  }
3234 
3235  /* If we hit end-of-string, give up, leaving remaining lengths -1 */
3236  if (tok == 0)
3237  break;
3238 
3239  last_loc = loc;
3240  }
3241 
3242  scanner_finish(yyscanner);
3243 }
3244 
3245 /*
3246  * comp_location: comparator for qsorting pgssLocationLen structs by location
3247  */
3248 static int
3249 comp_location(const void *a, const void *b)
3250 {
3251  int l = ((const pgssLocationLen *) a)->location;
3252  int r = ((const pgssLocationLen *) b)->location;
3253 
3254  if (l < r)
3255  return -1;
3256  else if (l > r)
3257  return +1;
3258  else
3259  return 0;
3260 }
tuplestore_putvalues
void tuplestore_putvalues(Tuplestorestate *state, TupleDesc tdesc, Datum *values, bool *isnull)
Definition: tuplestore.c:750
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e
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