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explain.c
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1 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2  *
3  * explain.c
4  * Explain query execution plans
5  *
6  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2021, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
7  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994-5, Regents of the University of California
8  *
9  * IDENTIFICATION
10  * src/backend/commands/explain.c
11  *
12  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
13  */
14 #include "postgres.h"
15 
16 #include "access/xact.h"
17 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
18 #include "commands/createas.h"
19 #include "commands/defrem.h"
20 #include "commands/prepare.h"
21 #include "executor/nodeHash.h"
22 #include "foreign/fdwapi.h"
23 #include "jit/jit.h"
24 #include "nodes/extensible.h"
25 #include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
26 #include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
27 #include "parser/analyze.h"
28 #include "parser/parsetree.h"
29 #include "rewrite/rewriteHandler.h"
30 #include "storage/bufmgr.h"
31 #include "tcop/tcopprot.h"
32 #include "utils/builtins.h"
33 #include "utils/guc_tables.h"
34 #include "utils/json.h"
35 #include "utils/lsyscache.h"
36 #include "utils/rel.h"
37 #include "utils/ruleutils.h"
38 #include "utils/snapmgr.h"
39 #include "utils/tuplesort.h"
40 #include "utils/typcache.h"
41 #include "utils/xml.h"
42 
43 
44 /* Hook for plugins to get control in ExplainOneQuery() */
45 ExplainOneQuery_hook_type ExplainOneQuery_hook = NULL;
46 
47 /* Hook for plugins to get control in explain_get_index_name() */
48 explain_get_index_name_hook_type explain_get_index_name_hook = NULL;
49 
50 
51 /* OR-able flags for ExplainXMLTag() */
52 #define X_OPENING 0
53 #define X_CLOSING 1
54 #define X_CLOSE_IMMEDIATE 2
55 #define X_NOWHITESPACE 4
56 
57 static void ExplainOneQuery(Query *query, int cursorOptions,
58  IntoClause *into, ExplainState *es,
59  const char *queryString, ParamListInfo params,
60  QueryEnvironment *queryEnv);
61 static void ExplainPrintJIT(ExplainState *es, int jit_flags,
62  JitInstrumentation *ji);
63 static void report_triggers(ResultRelInfo *rInfo, bool show_relname,
64  ExplainState *es);
65 static double elapsed_time(instr_time *starttime);
66 static bool ExplainPreScanNode(PlanState *planstate, Bitmapset **rels_used);
67 static void ExplainNode(PlanState *planstate, List *ancestors,
68  const char *relationship, const char *plan_name,
69  ExplainState *es);
70 static void show_plan_tlist(PlanState *planstate, List *ancestors,
71  ExplainState *es);
72 static void show_expression(Node *node, const char *qlabel,
73  PlanState *planstate, List *ancestors,
74  bool useprefix, ExplainState *es);
75 static void show_qual(List *qual, const char *qlabel,
76  PlanState *planstate, List *ancestors,
77  bool useprefix, ExplainState *es);
78 static void show_scan_qual(List *qual, const char *qlabel,
79  PlanState *planstate, List *ancestors,
80  ExplainState *es);
81 static void show_upper_qual(List *qual, const char *qlabel,
82  PlanState *planstate, List *ancestors,
83  ExplainState *es);
84 static void show_sort_keys(SortState *sortstate, List *ancestors,
85  ExplainState *es);
86 static void show_incremental_sort_keys(IncrementalSortState *incrsortstate,
87  List *ancestors, ExplainState *es);
88 static void show_merge_append_keys(MergeAppendState *mstate, List *ancestors,
89  ExplainState *es);
90 static void show_agg_keys(AggState *astate, List *ancestors,
91  ExplainState *es);
92 static void show_grouping_sets(PlanState *planstate, Agg *agg,
93  List *ancestors, ExplainState *es);
94 static void show_grouping_set_keys(PlanState *planstate,
95  Agg *aggnode, Sort *sortnode,
96  List *context, bool useprefix,
97  List *ancestors, ExplainState *es);
98 static void show_group_keys(GroupState *gstate, List *ancestors,
99  ExplainState *es);
100 static void show_sort_group_keys(PlanState *planstate, const char *qlabel,
101  int nkeys, int nPresortedKeys, AttrNumber *keycols,
102  Oid *sortOperators, Oid *collations, bool *nullsFirst,
103  List *ancestors, ExplainState *es);
104 static void show_sortorder_options(StringInfo buf, Node *sortexpr,
105  Oid sortOperator, Oid collation, bool nullsFirst);
106 static void show_tablesample(TableSampleClause *tsc, PlanState *planstate,
107  List *ancestors, ExplainState *es);
108 static void show_sort_info(SortState *sortstate, ExplainState *es);
109 static void show_incremental_sort_info(IncrementalSortState *incrsortstate,
110  ExplainState *es);
111 static void show_hash_info(HashState *hashstate, ExplainState *es);
112 static void show_memoize_info(MemoizeState *mstate, List *ancestors,
113  ExplainState *es);
114 static void show_hashagg_info(AggState *hashstate, ExplainState *es);
115 static void show_tidbitmap_info(BitmapHeapScanState *planstate,
116  ExplainState *es);
117 static void show_instrumentation_count(const char *qlabel, int which,
118  PlanState *planstate, ExplainState *es);
119 static void show_foreignscan_info(ForeignScanState *fsstate, ExplainState *es);
120 static void show_eval_params(Bitmapset *bms_params, ExplainState *es);
121 static const char *explain_get_index_name(Oid indexId);
122 static void show_buffer_usage(ExplainState *es, const BufferUsage *usage,
123  bool planning);
124 static void show_wal_usage(ExplainState *es, const WalUsage *usage);
125 static void ExplainIndexScanDetails(Oid indexid, ScanDirection indexorderdir,
126  ExplainState *es);
127 static void ExplainScanTarget(Scan *plan, ExplainState *es);
128 static void ExplainModifyTarget(ModifyTable *plan, ExplainState *es);
129 static void ExplainTargetRel(Plan *plan, Index rti, ExplainState *es);
130 static void show_modifytable_info(ModifyTableState *mtstate, List *ancestors,
131  ExplainState *es);
132 static void ExplainMemberNodes(PlanState **planstates, int nplans,
133  List *ancestors, ExplainState *es);
134 static void ExplainMissingMembers(int nplans, int nchildren, ExplainState *es);
135 static void ExplainSubPlans(List *plans, List *ancestors,
136  const char *relationship, ExplainState *es);
137 static void ExplainCustomChildren(CustomScanState *css,
138  List *ancestors, ExplainState *es);
139 static ExplainWorkersState *ExplainCreateWorkersState(int num_workers);
140 static void ExplainOpenWorker(int n, ExplainState *es);
141 static void ExplainCloseWorker(int n, ExplainState *es);
142 static void ExplainFlushWorkersState(ExplainState *es);
143 static void ExplainProperty(const char *qlabel, const char *unit,
144  const char *value, bool numeric, ExplainState *es);
145 static void ExplainOpenSetAsideGroup(const char *objtype, const char *labelname,
146  bool labeled, int depth, ExplainState *es);
147 static void ExplainSaveGroup(ExplainState *es, int depth, int *state_save);
148 static void ExplainRestoreGroup(ExplainState *es, int depth, int *state_save);
149 static void ExplainDummyGroup(const char *objtype, const char *labelname,
150  ExplainState *es);
151 static void ExplainXMLTag(const char *tagname, int flags, ExplainState *es);
152 static void ExplainIndentText(ExplainState *es);
153 static void ExplainJSONLineEnding(ExplainState *es);
154 static void ExplainYAMLLineStarting(ExplainState *es);
155 static void escape_yaml(StringInfo buf, const char *str);
156 
157 
158 
159 /*
160  * ExplainQuery -
161  * execute an EXPLAIN command
162  */
163 void
164 ExplainQuery(ParseState *pstate, ExplainStmt *stmt,
165  ParamListInfo params, DestReceiver *dest)
166 {
167  ExplainState *es = NewExplainState();
168  TupOutputState *tstate;
169  JumbleState *jstate = NULL;
170  Query *query;
171  List *rewritten;
172  ListCell *lc;
173  bool timing_set = false;
174  bool summary_set = false;
175 
176  /* Parse options list. */
177  foreach(lc, stmt->options)
178  {
179  DefElem *opt = (DefElem *) lfirst(lc);
180 
181  if (strcmp(opt->defname, "analyze") == 0)
182  es->analyze = defGetBoolean(opt);
183  else if (strcmp(opt->defname, "verbose") == 0)
184  es->verbose = defGetBoolean(opt);
185  else if (strcmp(opt->defname, "costs") == 0)
186  es->costs = defGetBoolean(opt);
187  else if (strcmp(opt->defname, "buffers") == 0)
188  es->buffers = defGetBoolean(opt);
189  else if (strcmp(opt->defname, "wal") == 0)
190  es->wal = defGetBoolean(opt);
191  else if (strcmp(opt->defname, "settings") == 0)
192  es->settings = defGetBoolean(opt);
193  else if (strcmp(opt->defname, "timing") == 0)
194  {
195  timing_set = true;
196  es->timing = defGetBoolean(opt);
197  }
198  else if (strcmp(opt->defname, "summary") == 0)
199  {
200  summary_set = true;
201  es->summary = defGetBoolean(opt);
202  }
203  else if (strcmp(opt->defname, "format") == 0)
204  {
205  char *p = defGetString(opt);
206 
207  if (strcmp(p, "text") == 0)
208  es->format = EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT;
209  else if (strcmp(p, "xml") == 0)
210  es->format = EXPLAIN_FORMAT_XML;
211  else if (strcmp(p, "json") == 0)
212  es->format = EXPLAIN_FORMAT_JSON;
213  else if (strcmp(p, "yaml") == 0)
214  es->format = EXPLAIN_FORMAT_YAML;
215  else
216  ereport(ERROR,
217  (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
218  errmsg("unrecognized value for EXPLAIN option \"%s\": \"%s\"",
219  opt->defname, p),
220  parser_errposition(pstate, opt->location)));
221  }
222  else
223  ereport(ERROR,
224  (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
225  errmsg("unrecognized EXPLAIN option \"%s\"",
226  opt->defname),
227  parser_errposition(pstate, opt->location)));
228  }
229 
230  if (es->wal && !es->analyze)
231  ereport(ERROR,
232  (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
233  errmsg("EXPLAIN option WAL requires ANALYZE")));
234 
235  /* if the timing was not set explicitly, set default value */
236  es->timing = (timing_set) ? es->timing : es->analyze;
237 
238  /* check that timing is used with EXPLAIN ANALYZE */
239  if (es->timing && !es->analyze)
240  ereport(ERROR,
241  (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
242  errmsg("EXPLAIN option TIMING requires ANALYZE")));
243 
244  /* if the summary was not set explicitly, set default value */
245  es->summary = (summary_set) ? es->summary : es->analyze;
246 
247  query = castNode(Query, stmt->query);
248  if (IsQueryIdEnabled())
249  jstate = JumbleQuery(query, pstate->p_sourcetext);
250 
251  if (post_parse_analyze_hook)
252  (*post_parse_analyze_hook) (pstate, query, jstate);
253 
254  /*
255  * Parse analysis was done already, but we still have to run the rule
256  * rewriter. We do not do AcquireRewriteLocks: we assume the query either
257  * came straight from the parser, or suitable locks were acquired by
258  * plancache.c.
259  */
260  rewritten = QueryRewrite(castNode(Query, stmt->query));
261 
262  /* emit opening boilerplate */
263  ExplainBeginOutput(es);
264 
265  if (rewritten == NIL)
266  {
267  /*
268  * In the case of an INSTEAD NOTHING, tell at least that. But in
269  * non-text format, the output is delimited, so this isn't necessary.
270  */
271  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
272  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "Query rewrites to nothing\n");
273  }
274  else
275  {
276  ListCell *l;
277 
278  /* Explain every plan */
279  foreach(l, rewritten)
280  {
281  ExplainOneQuery(lfirst_node(Query, l),
282  CURSOR_OPT_PARALLEL_OK, NULL, es,
283  pstate->p_sourcetext, params, pstate->p_queryEnv);
284 
285  /* Separate plans with an appropriate separator */
286  if (lnext(rewritten, l) != NULL)
287  ExplainSeparatePlans(es);
288  }
289  }
290 
291  /* emit closing boilerplate */
292  ExplainEndOutput(es);
293  Assert(es->indent == 0);
294 
295  /* output tuples */
296  tstate = begin_tup_output_tupdesc(dest, ExplainResultDesc(stmt),
297  &TTSOpsVirtual);
298  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
299  do_text_output_multiline(tstate, es->str->data);
300  else
301  do_text_output_oneline(tstate, es->str->data);
302  end_tup_output(tstate);
303 
304  pfree(es->str->data);
305 }
306 
307 /*
308  * Create a new ExplainState struct initialized with default options.
309  */
310 ExplainState *
311 NewExplainState(void)
312 {
313  ExplainState *es = (ExplainState *) palloc0(sizeof(ExplainState));
314 
315  /* Set default options (most fields can be left as zeroes). */
316  es->costs = true;
317  /* Prepare output buffer. */
318  es->str = makeStringInfo();
319 
320  return es;
321 }
322 
323 /*
324  * ExplainResultDesc -
325  * construct the result tupledesc for an EXPLAIN
326  */
327 TupleDesc
328 ExplainResultDesc(ExplainStmt *stmt)
329 {
330  TupleDesc tupdesc;
331  ListCell *lc;
332  Oid result_type = TEXTOID;
333 
334  /* Check for XML format option */
335  foreach(lc, stmt->options)
336  {
337  DefElem *opt = (DefElem *) lfirst(lc);
338 
339  if (strcmp(opt->defname, "format") == 0)
340  {
341  char *p = defGetString(opt);
342 
343  if (strcmp(p, "xml") == 0)
344  result_type = XMLOID;
345  else if (strcmp(p, "json") == 0)
346  result_type = JSONOID;
347  else
348  result_type = TEXTOID;
349  /* don't "break", as ExplainQuery will use the last value */
350  }
351  }
352 
353  /* Need a tuple descriptor representing a single TEXT or XML column */
354  tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(1);
355  TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, "QUERY PLAN",
356  result_type, -1, 0);
357  return tupdesc;
358 }
359 
360 /*
361  * ExplainOneQuery -
362  * print out the execution plan for one Query
363  *
364  * "into" is NULL unless we are explaining the contents of a CreateTableAsStmt.
365  */
366 static void
367 ExplainOneQuery(Query *query, int cursorOptions,
368  IntoClause *into, ExplainState *es,
369  const char *queryString, ParamListInfo params,
370  QueryEnvironment *queryEnv)
371 {
372  /* planner will not cope with utility statements */
373  if (query->commandType == CMD_UTILITY)
374  {
375  ExplainOneUtility(query->utilityStmt, into, es, queryString, params,
376  queryEnv);
377  return;
378  }
379 
380  /* if an advisor plugin is present, let it manage things */
381  if (ExplainOneQuery_hook)
382  (*ExplainOneQuery_hook) (query, cursorOptions, into, es,
383  queryString, params, queryEnv);
384  else
385  {
386  PlannedStmt *plan;
387  instr_time planstart,
388  planduration;
389  BufferUsage bufusage_start,
390  bufusage;
391 
392  if (es->buffers)
393  bufusage_start = pgBufferUsage;
394  INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(planstart);
395 
396  /* plan the query */
397  plan = pg_plan_query(query, queryString, cursorOptions, params);
398 
399  INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(planduration);
400  INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(planduration, planstart);
401 
402  /* calc differences of buffer counters. */
403  if (es->buffers)
404  {
405  memset(&bufusage, 0, sizeof(BufferUsage));
406  BufferUsageAccumDiff(&bufusage, &pgBufferUsage, &bufusage_start);
407  }
408 
409  /* run it (if needed) and produce output */
410  ExplainOnePlan(plan, into, es, queryString, params, queryEnv,
411  &planduration, (es->buffers ? &bufusage : NULL));
412  }
413 }
414 
415 /*
416  * ExplainOneUtility -
417  * print out the execution plan for one utility statement
418  * (In general, utility statements don't have plans, but there are some
419  * we treat as special cases)
420  *
421  * "into" is NULL unless we are explaining the contents of a CreateTableAsStmt.
422  *
423  * This is exported because it's called back from prepare.c in the
424  * EXPLAIN EXECUTE case. In that case, we'll be dealing with a statement
425  * that's in the plan cache, so we have to ensure we don't modify it.
426  */
427 void
428 ExplainOneUtility(Node *utilityStmt, IntoClause *into, ExplainState *es,
429  const char *queryString, ParamListInfo params,
430  QueryEnvironment *queryEnv)
431 {
432  if (utilityStmt == NULL)
433  return;
434 
435  if (IsA(utilityStmt, CreateTableAsStmt))
436  {
437  /*
438  * We have to rewrite the contained SELECT and then pass it back to
439  * ExplainOneQuery. Copy to be safe in the EXPLAIN EXECUTE case.
440  */
441  CreateTableAsStmt *ctas = (CreateTableAsStmt *) utilityStmt;
442  List *rewritten;
443 
444  /*
445  * Check if the relation exists or not. This is done at this stage to
446  * avoid query planning or execution.
447  */
448  if (CreateTableAsRelExists(ctas))
449  {
450  if (ctas->objtype == OBJECT_TABLE)
451  ExplainDummyGroup("CREATE TABLE AS", NULL, es);
452  else if (ctas->objtype == OBJECT_MATVIEW)
453  ExplainDummyGroup("CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW", NULL, es);
454  else
455  elog(ERROR, "unexpected object type: %d",
456  (int) ctas->objtype);
457  return;
458  }
459 
460  rewritten = QueryRewrite(castNode(Query, copyObject(ctas->query)));
461  Assert(list_length(rewritten) == 1);
462  ExplainOneQuery(linitial_node(Query, rewritten),
463  CURSOR_OPT_PARALLEL_OK, ctas->into, es,
464  queryString, params, queryEnv);
465  }
466  else if (IsA(utilityStmt, DeclareCursorStmt))
467  {
468  /*
469  * Likewise for DECLARE CURSOR.
470  *
471  * Notice that if you say EXPLAIN ANALYZE DECLARE CURSOR then we'll
472  * actually run the query. This is different from pre-8.3 behavior
473  * but seems more useful than not running the query. No cursor will
474  * be created, however.
475  */
476  DeclareCursorStmt *dcs = (DeclareCursorStmt *) utilityStmt;
477  List *rewritten;
478 
479  rewritten = QueryRewrite(castNode(Query, copyObject(dcs->query)));
480  Assert(list_length(rewritten) == 1);
481  ExplainOneQuery(linitial_node(Query, rewritten),
482  dcs->options, NULL, es,
483  queryString, params, queryEnv);
484  }
485  else if (IsA(utilityStmt, ExecuteStmt))
486  ExplainExecuteQuery((ExecuteStmt *) utilityStmt, into, es,
487  queryString, params, queryEnv);
488  else if (IsA(utilityStmt, NotifyStmt))
489  {
490  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
491  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "NOTIFY\n");
492  else
493  ExplainDummyGroup("Notify", NULL, es);
494  }
495  else
496  {
497  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
498  appendStringInfoString(es->str,
499  "Utility statements have no plan structure\n");
500  else
501  ExplainDummyGroup("Utility Statement", NULL, es);
502  }
503 }
504 
505 /*
506  * ExplainOnePlan -
507  * given a planned query, execute it if needed, and then print
508  * EXPLAIN output
509  *
510  * "into" is NULL unless we are explaining the contents of a CreateTableAsStmt,
511  * in which case executing the query should result in creating that table.
512  *
513  * This is exported because it's called back from prepare.c in the
514  * EXPLAIN EXECUTE case, and because an index advisor plugin would need
515  * to call it.
516  */
517 void
518 ExplainOnePlan(PlannedStmt *plannedstmt, IntoClause *into, ExplainState *es,
519  const char *queryString, ParamListInfo params,
520  QueryEnvironment *queryEnv, const instr_time *planduration,
521  const BufferUsage *bufusage)
522 {
523  DestReceiver *dest;
524  QueryDesc *queryDesc;
525  instr_time starttime;
526  double totaltime = 0;
527  int eflags;
528  int instrument_option = 0;
529 
530  Assert(plannedstmt->commandType != CMD_UTILITY);
531 
532  if (es->analyze && es->timing)
533  instrument_option |= INSTRUMENT_TIMER;
534  else if (es->analyze)
535  instrument_option |= INSTRUMENT_ROWS;
536 
537  if (es->buffers)
538  instrument_option |= INSTRUMENT_BUFFERS;
539  if (es->wal)
540  instrument_option |= INSTRUMENT_WAL;
541 
542  /*
543  * We always collect timing for the entire statement, even when node-level
544  * timing is off, so we don't look at es->timing here. (We could skip
545  * this if !es->summary, but it's hardly worth the complication.)
546  */
547  INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(starttime);
548 
549  /*
550  * Use a snapshot with an updated command ID to ensure this query sees
551  * results of any previously executed queries.
552  */
553  PushCopiedSnapshot(GetActiveSnapshot());
554  UpdateActiveSnapshotCommandId();
555 
556  /*
557  * Normally we discard the query's output, but if explaining CREATE TABLE
558  * AS, we'd better use the appropriate tuple receiver.
559  */
560  if (into)
561  dest = CreateIntoRelDestReceiver(into);
562  else
563  dest = None_Receiver;
564 
565  /* Create a QueryDesc for the query */
566  queryDesc = CreateQueryDesc(plannedstmt, queryString,
567  GetActiveSnapshot(), InvalidSnapshot,
568  dest, params, queryEnv, instrument_option);
569 
570  /* Select execution options */
571  if (es->analyze)
572  eflags = 0; /* default run-to-completion flags */
573  else
574  eflags = EXEC_FLAG_EXPLAIN_ONLY;
575  if (into)
576  eflags |= GetIntoRelEFlags(into);
577 
578  /* call ExecutorStart to prepare the plan for execution */
579  ExecutorStart(queryDesc, eflags);
580 
581  /* Execute the plan for statistics if asked for */
582  if (es->analyze)
583  {
584  ScanDirection dir;
585 
586  /* EXPLAIN ANALYZE CREATE TABLE AS WITH NO DATA is weird */
587  if (into && into->skipData)
588  dir = NoMovementScanDirection;
589  else
590  dir = ForwardScanDirection;
591 
592  /* run the plan */
593  ExecutorRun(queryDesc, dir, 0L, true);
594 
595  /* run cleanup too */
596  ExecutorFinish(queryDesc);
597 
598  /* We can't run ExecutorEnd 'till we're done printing the stats... */
599  totaltime += elapsed_time(&starttime);
600  }
601 
602  ExplainOpenGroup("Query", NULL, true, es);
603 
604  /* Create textual dump of plan tree */
605  ExplainPrintPlan(es, queryDesc);
606 
607  if (es->verbose && plannedstmt->queryId != UINT64CONST(0))
608  {
609  /*
610  * Output the queryid as an int64 rather than a uint64 so we match
611  * what would be seen in the BIGINT pg_stat_statements.queryid column.
612  */
613  ExplainPropertyInteger("Query Identifier", NULL, (int64)
614  plannedstmt->queryId, es);
615  }
616 
617  /* Show buffer usage in planning */
618  if (bufusage)
619  {
620  ExplainOpenGroup("Planning", "Planning", true, es);
621  show_buffer_usage(es, bufusage, true);
622  ExplainCloseGroup("Planning", "Planning", true, es);
623  }
624 
625  if (es->summary && planduration)
626  {
627  double plantime = INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(*planduration);
628 
629  ExplainPropertyFloat("Planning Time", "ms", 1000.0 * plantime, 3, es);
630  }
631 
632  /* Print info about runtime of triggers */
633  if (es->analyze)
634  ExplainPrintTriggers(es, queryDesc);
635 
636  /*
637  * Print info about JITing. Tied to es->costs because we don't want to
638  * display this in regression tests, as it'd cause output differences
639  * depending on build options. Might want to separate that out from COSTS
640  * at a later stage.
641  */
642  if (es->costs)
643  ExplainPrintJITSummary(es, queryDesc);
644 
645  /*
646  * Close down the query and free resources. Include time for this in the
647  * total execution time (although it should be pretty minimal).
648  */
649  INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(starttime);
650 
651  ExecutorEnd(queryDesc);
652 
653  FreeQueryDesc(queryDesc);
654 
655  PopActiveSnapshot();
656 
657  /* We need a CCI just in case query expanded to multiple plans */
658  if (es->analyze)
659  CommandCounterIncrement();
660 
661  totaltime += elapsed_time(&starttime);
662 
663  /*
664  * We only report execution time if we actually ran the query (that is,
665  * the user specified ANALYZE), and if summary reporting is enabled (the
666  * user can set SUMMARY OFF to not have the timing information included in
667  * the output). By default, ANALYZE sets SUMMARY to true.
668  */
669  if (es->summary && es->analyze)
670  ExplainPropertyFloat("Execution Time", "ms", 1000.0 * totaltime, 3,
671  es);
672 
673  ExplainCloseGroup("Query", NULL, true, es);
674 }
675 
676 /*
677  * ExplainPrintSettings -
678  * Print summary of modified settings affecting query planning.
679  */
680 static void
681 ExplainPrintSettings(ExplainState *es)
682 {
683  int num;
684  struct config_generic **gucs;
685 
686  /* bail out if information about settings not requested */
687  if (!es->settings)
688  return;
689 
690  /* request an array of relevant settings */
691  gucs = get_explain_guc_options(&num);
692 
693  if (es->format != EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
694  {
695  ExplainOpenGroup("Settings", "Settings", true, es);
696 
697  for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
698  {
699  char *setting;
700  struct config_generic *conf = gucs[i];
701 
702  setting = GetConfigOptionByName(conf->name, NULL, true);
703 
704  ExplainPropertyText(conf->name, setting, es);
705  }
706 
707  ExplainCloseGroup("Settings", "Settings", true, es);
708  }
709  else
710  {
711  StringInfoData str;
712 
713  /* In TEXT mode, print nothing if there are no options */
714  if (num <= 0)
715  return;
716 
717  initStringInfo(&str);
718 
719  for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
720  {
721  char *setting;
722  struct config_generic *conf = gucs[i];
723 
724  if (i > 0)
725  appendStringInfoString(&str, ", ");
726 
727  setting = GetConfigOptionByName(conf->name, NULL, true);
728 
729  if (setting)
730  appendStringInfo(&str, "%s = '%s'", conf->name, setting);
731  else
732  appendStringInfo(&str, "%s = NULL", conf->name);
733  }
734 
735  ExplainPropertyText("Settings", str.data, es);
736  }
737 }
738 
739 /*
740  * ExplainPrintPlan -
741  * convert a QueryDesc's plan tree to text and append it to es->str
742  *
743  * The caller should have set up the options fields of *es, as well as
744  * initializing the output buffer es->str. Also, output formatting state
745  * such as the indent level is assumed valid. Plan-tree-specific fields
746  * in *es are initialized here.
747  *
748  * NB: will not work on utility statements
749  */
750 void
751 ExplainPrintPlan(ExplainState *es, QueryDesc *queryDesc)
752 {
753  Bitmapset *rels_used = NULL;
754  PlanState *ps;
755 
756  /* Set up ExplainState fields associated with this plan tree */
757  Assert(queryDesc->plannedstmt != NULL);
758  es->pstmt = queryDesc->plannedstmt;
759  es->rtable = queryDesc->plannedstmt->rtable;
760  ExplainPreScanNode(queryDesc->planstate, &rels_used);
761  es->rtable_names = select_rtable_names_for_explain(es->rtable, rels_used);
762  es->deparse_cxt = deparse_context_for_plan_tree(queryDesc->plannedstmt,
763  es->rtable_names);
764  es->printed_subplans = NULL;
765 
766  /*
767  * Sometimes we mark a Gather node as "invisible", which means that it's
768  * not to be displayed in EXPLAIN output. The purpose of this is to allow
769  * running regression tests with force_parallel_mode=regress to get the
770  * same results as running the same tests with force_parallel_mode=off.
771  * Such marking is currently only supported on a Gather at the top of the
772  * plan. We skip that node, and we must also hide per-worker detail data
773  * further down in the plan tree.
774  */
775  ps = queryDesc->planstate;
776  if (IsA(ps, GatherState) && ((Gather *) ps->plan)->invisible)
777  {
778  ps = outerPlanState(ps);
779  es->hide_workers = true;
780  }
781  ExplainNode(ps, NIL, NULL, NULL, es);
782 
783  /*
784  * If requested, include information about GUC parameters with values that
785  * don't match the built-in defaults.
786  */
787  ExplainPrintSettings(es);
788 }
789 
790 /*
791  * ExplainPrintTriggers -
792  * convert a QueryDesc's trigger statistics to text and append it to
793  * es->str
794  *
795  * The caller should have set up the options fields of *es, as well as
796  * initializing the output buffer es->str. Other fields in *es are
797  * initialized here.
798  */
799 void
800 ExplainPrintTriggers(ExplainState *es, QueryDesc *queryDesc)
801 {
802  ResultRelInfo *rInfo;
803  bool show_relname;
804  List *resultrels;
805  List *routerels;
806  List *targrels;
807  ListCell *l;
808 
809  resultrels = queryDesc->estate->es_opened_result_relations;
810  routerels = queryDesc->estate->es_tuple_routing_result_relations;
811  targrels = queryDesc->estate->es_trig_target_relations;
812 
813  ExplainOpenGroup("Triggers", "Triggers", false, es);
814 
815  show_relname = (list_length(resultrels) > 1 ||
816  routerels != NIL || targrels != NIL);
817  foreach(l, resultrels)
818  {
819  rInfo = (ResultRelInfo *) lfirst(l);
820  report_triggers(rInfo, show_relname, es);
821  }
822 
823  foreach(l, routerels)
824  {
825  rInfo = (ResultRelInfo *) lfirst(l);
826  report_triggers(rInfo, show_relname, es);
827  }
828 
829  foreach(l, targrels)
830  {
831  rInfo = (ResultRelInfo *) lfirst(l);
832  report_triggers(rInfo, show_relname, es);
833  }
834 
835  ExplainCloseGroup("Triggers", "Triggers", false, es);
836 }
837 
838 /*
839  * ExplainPrintJITSummary -
840  * Print summarized JIT instrumentation from leader and workers
841  */
842 void
843 ExplainPrintJITSummary(ExplainState *es, QueryDesc *queryDesc)
844 {
845  JitInstrumentation ji = {0};
846 
847  if (!(queryDesc->estate->es_jit_flags & PGJIT_PERFORM))
848  return;
849 
850  /*
851  * Work with a copy instead of modifying the leader state, since this
852  * function may be called twice
853  */
854  if (queryDesc->estate->es_jit)
855  InstrJitAgg(&ji, &queryDesc->estate->es_jit->instr);
856 
857  /* If this process has done JIT in parallel workers, merge stats */
858  if (queryDesc->estate->es_jit_worker_instr)
859  InstrJitAgg(&ji, queryDesc->estate->es_jit_worker_instr);
860 
861  ExplainPrintJIT(es, queryDesc->estate->es_jit_flags, &ji);
862 }
863 
864 /*
865  * ExplainPrintJIT -
866  * Append information about JITing to es->str.
867  */
868 static void
869 ExplainPrintJIT(ExplainState *es, int jit_flags, JitInstrumentation *ji)
870 {
871  instr_time total_time;
872 
873  /* don't print information if no JITing happened */
874  if (!ji || ji->created_functions == 0)
875  return;
876 
877  /* calculate total time */
878  INSTR_TIME_SET_ZERO(total_time);
879  INSTR_TIME_ADD(total_time, ji->generation_counter);
880  INSTR_TIME_ADD(total_time, ji->inlining_counter);
881  INSTR_TIME_ADD(total_time, ji->optimization_counter);
882  INSTR_TIME_ADD(total_time, ji->emission_counter);
883 
884  ExplainOpenGroup("JIT", "JIT", true, es);
885 
886  /* for higher density, open code the text output format */
887  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
888  {
889  ExplainIndentText(es);
890  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "JIT:\n");
891  es->indent++;
892 
893  ExplainPropertyInteger("Functions", NULL, ji->created_functions, es);
894 
895  ExplainIndentText(es);
896  appendStringInfo(es->str, "Options: %s %s, %s %s, %s %s, %s %s\n",
897  "Inlining", jit_flags & PGJIT_INLINE ? "true" : "false",
898  "Optimization", jit_flags & PGJIT_OPT3 ? "true" : "false",
899  "Expressions", jit_flags & PGJIT_EXPR ? "true" : "false",
900  "Deforming", jit_flags & PGJIT_DEFORM ? "true" : "false");
901 
902  if (es->analyze && es->timing)
903  {
904  ExplainIndentText(es);
905  appendStringInfo(es->str,
906  "Timing: %s %.3f ms, %s %.3f ms, %s %.3f ms, %s %.3f ms, %s %.3f ms\n",
907  "Generation", 1000.0 * INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(ji->generation_counter),
908  "Inlining", 1000.0 * INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(ji->inlining_counter),
909  "Optimization", 1000.0 * INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(ji->optimization_counter),
910  "Emission", 1000.0 * INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(ji->emission_counter),
911  "Total", 1000.0 * INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(total_time));
912  }
913 
914  es->indent--;
915  }
916  else
917  {
918  ExplainPropertyInteger("Functions", NULL, ji->created_functions, es);
919 
920  ExplainOpenGroup("Options", "Options", true, es);
921  ExplainPropertyBool("Inlining", jit_flags & PGJIT_INLINE, es);
922  ExplainPropertyBool("Optimization", jit_flags & PGJIT_OPT3, es);
923  ExplainPropertyBool("Expressions", jit_flags & PGJIT_EXPR, es);
924  ExplainPropertyBool("Deforming", jit_flags & PGJIT_DEFORM, es);
925  ExplainCloseGroup("Options", "Options", true, es);
926 
927  if (es->analyze && es->timing)
928  {
929  ExplainOpenGroup("Timing", "Timing", true, es);
930 
931  ExplainPropertyFloat("Generation", "ms",
932  1000.0 * INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(ji->generation_counter),
933  3, es);
934  ExplainPropertyFloat("Inlining", "ms",
935  1000.0 * INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(ji->inlining_counter),
936  3, es);
937  ExplainPropertyFloat("Optimization", "ms",
938  1000.0 * INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(ji->optimization_counter),
939  3, es);
940  ExplainPropertyFloat("Emission", "ms",
941  1000.0 * INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(ji->emission_counter),
942  3, es);
943  ExplainPropertyFloat("Total", "ms",
944  1000.0 * INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(total_time),
945  3, es);
946 
947  ExplainCloseGroup("Timing", "Timing", true, es);
948  }
949  }
950 
951  ExplainCloseGroup("JIT", "JIT", true, es);
952 }
953 
954 /*
955  * ExplainQueryText -
956  * add a "Query Text" node that contains the actual text of the query
957  *
958  * The caller should have set up the options fields of *es, as well as
959  * initializing the output buffer es->str.
960  *
961  */
962 void
963 ExplainQueryText(ExplainState *es, QueryDesc *queryDesc)
964 {
965  if (queryDesc->sourceText)
966  ExplainPropertyText("Query Text", queryDesc->sourceText, es);
967 }
968 
969 /*
970  * report_triggers -
971  * report execution stats for a single relation's triggers
972  */
973 static void
974 report_triggers(ResultRelInfo *rInfo, bool show_relname, ExplainState *es)
975 {
976  int nt;
977 
978  if (!rInfo->ri_TrigDesc || !rInfo->ri_TrigInstrument)
979  return;
980  for (nt = 0; nt < rInfo->ri_TrigDesc->numtriggers; nt++)
981  {
982  Trigger *trig = rInfo->ri_TrigDesc->triggers + nt;
983  Instrumentation *instr = rInfo->ri_TrigInstrument + nt;
984  char *relname;
985  char *conname = NULL;
986 
987  /* Must clean up instrumentation state */
988  InstrEndLoop(instr);
989 
990  /*
991  * We ignore triggers that were never invoked; they likely aren't
992  * relevant to the current query type.
993  */
994  if (instr->ntuples == 0)
995  continue;
996 
997  ExplainOpenGroup("Trigger", NULL, true, es);
998 
999  relname = RelationGetRelationName(rInfo->ri_RelationDesc);
1000  if (OidIsValid(trig->tgconstraint))
1001  conname = get_constraint_name(trig->tgconstraint);
1002 
1003  /*
1004  * In text format, we avoid printing both the trigger name and the
1005  * constraint name unless VERBOSE is specified. In non-text formats
1006  * we just print everything.
1007  */
1008  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
1009  {
1010  if (es->verbose || conname == NULL)
1011  appendStringInfo(es->str, "Trigger %s", trig->tgname);
1012  else
1013  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "Trigger");
1014  if (conname)
1015  appendStringInfo(es->str, " for constraint %s", conname);
1016  if (show_relname)
1017  appendStringInfo(es->str, " on %s", relname);
1018  if (es->timing)
1019  appendStringInfo(es->str, ": time=%.3f calls=%.0f\n",
1020  1000.0 * instr->total, instr->ntuples);
1021  else
1022  appendStringInfo(es->str, ": calls=%.0f\n", instr->ntuples);
1023  }
1024  else
1025  {
1026  ExplainPropertyText("Trigger Name", trig->tgname, es);
1027  if (conname)
1028  ExplainPropertyText("Constraint Name", conname, es);
1029  ExplainPropertyText("Relation", relname, es);
1030  if (es->timing)
1031  ExplainPropertyFloat("Time", "ms", 1000.0 * instr->total, 3,
1032  es);
1033  ExplainPropertyFloat("Calls", NULL, instr->ntuples, 0, es);
1034  }
1035 
1036  if (conname)
1037  pfree(conname);
1038 
1039  ExplainCloseGroup("Trigger", NULL, true, es);
1040  }
1041 }
1042 
1043 /* Compute elapsed time in seconds since given timestamp */
1044 static double
1045 elapsed_time(instr_time *starttime)
1046 {
1047  instr_time endtime;
1048 
1049  INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(endtime);
1050  INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(endtime, *starttime);
1051  return INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(endtime);
1052 }
1053 
1054 /*
1055  * ExplainPreScanNode -
1056  * Prescan the planstate tree to identify which RTEs are referenced
1057  *
1058  * Adds the relid of each referenced RTE to *rels_used. The result controls
1059  * which RTEs are assigned aliases by select_rtable_names_for_explain.
1060  * This ensures that we don't confusingly assign un-suffixed aliases to RTEs
1061  * that never appear in the EXPLAIN output (such as inheritance parents).
1062  */
1063 static bool
1064 ExplainPreScanNode(PlanState *planstate, Bitmapset **rels_used)
1065 {
1066  Plan *plan = planstate->plan;
1067 
1068  switch (nodeTag(plan))
1069  {
1070  case T_SeqScan:
1071  case T_SampleScan:
1072  case T_IndexScan:
1073  case T_IndexOnlyScan:
1074  case T_BitmapHeapScan:
1075  case T_TidScan:
1076  case T_TidRangeScan:
1077  case T_SubqueryScan:
1078  case T_FunctionScan:
1079  case T_TableFuncScan:
1080  case T_ValuesScan:
1081  case T_CteScan:
1082  case T_NamedTuplestoreScan:
1083  case T_WorkTableScan:
1084  *rels_used = bms_add_member(*rels_used,
1085  ((Scan *) plan)->scanrelid);
1086  break;
1087  case T_ForeignScan:
1088  *rels_used = bms_add_members(*rels_used,
1089  ((ForeignScan *) plan)->fs_relids);
1090  break;
1091  case T_CustomScan:
1092  *rels_used = bms_add_members(*rels_used,
1093  ((CustomScan *) plan)->custom_relids);
1094  break;
1095  case T_ModifyTable:
1096  *rels_used = bms_add_member(*rels_used,
1097  ((ModifyTable *) plan)->nominalRelation);
1098  if (((ModifyTable *) plan)->exclRelRTI)
1099  *rels_used = bms_add_member(*rels_used,
1100  ((ModifyTable *) plan)->exclRelRTI);
1101  break;
1102  case T_Append:
1103  *rels_used = bms_add_members(*rels_used,
1104  ((Append *) plan)->apprelids);
1105  break;
1106  case T_MergeAppend:
1107  *rels_used = bms_add_members(*rels_used,
1108  ((MergeAppend *) plan)->apprelids);
1109  break;
1110  default:
1111  break;
1112  }
1113 
1114  return planstate_tree_walker(planstate, ExplainPreScanNode, rels_used);
1115 }
1116 
1117 /*
1118  * ExplainNode -
1119  * Appends a description of a plan tree to es->str
1120  *
1121  * planstate points to the executor state node for the current plan node.
1122  * We need to work from a PlanState node, not just a Plan node, in order to
1123  * get at the instrumentation data (if any) as well as the list of subplans.
1124  *
1125  * ancestors is a list of parent Plan and SubPlan nodes, most-closely-nested
1126  * first. These are needed in order to interpret PARAM_EXEC Params.
1127  *
1128  * relationship describes the relationship of this plan node to its parent
1129  * (eg, "Outer", "Inner"); it can be null at top level. plan_name is an
1130  * optional name to be attached to the node.
1131  *
1132  * In text format, es->indent is controlled in this function since we only
1133  * want it to change at plan-node boundaries (but a few subroutines will
1134  * transiently increment it). In non-text formats, es->indent corresponds
1135  * to the nesting depth of logical output groups, and therefore is controlled
1136  * by ExplainOpenGroup/ExplainCloseGroup.
1137  */
1138 static void
1139 ExplainNode(PlanState *planstate, List *ancestors,
1140  const char *relationship, const char *plan_name,
1141  ExplainState *es)
1142 {
1143  Plan *plan = planstate->plan;
1144  const char *pname; /* node type name for text output */
1145  const char *sname; /* node type name for non-text output */
1146  const char *strategy = NULL;
1147  const char *partialmode = NULL;
1148  const char *operation = NULL;
1149  const char *custom_name = NULL;
1150  ExplainWorkersState *save_workers_state = es->workers_state;
1151  int save_indent = es->indent;
1152  bool haschildren;
1153 
1154  /*
1155  * Prepare per-worker output buffers, if needed. We'll append the data in
1156  * these to the main output string further down.
1157  */
1158  if (planstate->worker_instrument && es->analyze && !es->hide_workers)
1159  es->workers_state = ExplainCreateWorkersState(planstate->worker_instrument->num_workers);
1160  else
1161  es->workers_state = NULL;
1162 
1163  /* Identify plan node type, and print generic details */
1164  switch (nodeTag(plan))
1165  {
1166  case T_Result:
1167  pname = sname = "Result";
1168  break;
1169  case T_ProjectSet:
1170  pname = sname = "ProjectSet";
1171  break;
1172  case T_ModifyTable:
1173  sname = "ModifyTable";
1174  switch (((ModifyTable *) plan)->operation)
1175  {
1176  case CMD_INSERT:
1177  pname = operation = "Insert";
1178  break;
1179  case CMD_UPDATE:
1180  pname = operation = "Update";
1181  break;
1182  case CMD_DELETE:
1183  pname = operation = "Delete";
1184  break;
1185  default:
1186  pname = "???";
1187  break;
1188  }
1189  break;
1190  case T_Append:
1191  pname = sname = "Append";
1192  break;
1193  case T_MergeAppend:
1194  pname = sname = "Merge Append";
1195  break;
1196  case T_RecursiveUnion:
1197  pname = sname = "Recursive Union";
1198  break;
1199  case T_BitmapAnd:
1200  pname = sname = "BitmapAnd";
1201  break;
1202  case T_BitmapOr:
1203  pname = sname = "BitmapOr";
1204  break;
1205  case T_NestLoop:
1206  pname = sname = "Nested Loop";
1207  break;
1208  case T_MergeJoin:
1209  pname = "Merge"; /* "Join" gets added by jointype switch */
1210  sname = "Merge Join";
1211  break;
1212  case T_HashJoin:
1213  pname = "Hash"; /* "Join" gets added by jointype switch */
1214  sname = "Hash Join";
1215  break;
1216  case T_SeqScan:
1217  pname = sname = "Seq Scan";
1218  break;
1219  case T_SampleScan:
1220  pname = sname = "Sample Scan";
1221  break;
1222  case T_Gather:
1223  pname = sname = "Gather";
1224  break;
1225  case T_GatherMerge:
1226  pname = sname = "Gather Merge";
1227  break;
1228  case T_IndexScan:
1229  pname = sname = "Index Scan";
1230  break;
1231  case T_IndexOnlyScan:
1232  pname = sname = "Index Only Scan";
1233  break;
1234  case T_BitmapIndexScan:
1235  pname = sname = "Bitmap Index Scan";
1236  break;
1237  case T_BitmapHeapScan:
1238  pname = sname = "Bitmap Heap Scan";
1239  break;
1240  case T_TidScan:
1241  pname = sname = "Tid Scan";
1242  break;
1243  case T_TidRangeScan:
1244  pname = sname = "Tid Range Scan";
1245  break;
1246  case T_SubqueryScan:
1247  pname = sname = "Subquery Scan";
1248  break;
1249  case T_FunctionScan:
1250  pname = sname = "Function Scan";
1251  break;
1252  case T_TableFuncScan:
1253  pname = sname = "Table Function Scan";
1254  break;
1255  case T_ValuesScan:
1256  pname = sname = "Values Scan";
1257  break;
1258  case T_CteScan:
1259  pname = sname = "CTE Scan";
1260  break;
1261  case T_NamedTuplestoreScan:
1262  pname = sname = "Named Tuplestore Scan";
1263  break;
1264  case T_WorkTableScan:
1265  pname = sname = "WorkTable Scan";
1266  break;
1267  case T_ForeignScan:
1268  sname = "Foreign Scan";
1269  switch (((ForeignScan *) plan)->operation)
1270  {
1271  case CMD_SELECT:
1272  pname = "Foreign Scan";
1273  operation = "Select";
1274  break;
1275  case CMD_INSERT:
1276  pname = "Foreign Insert";
1277  operation = "Insert";
1278  break;
1279  case CMD_UPDATE:
1280  pname = "Foreign Update";
1281  operation = "Update";
1282  break;
1283  case CMD_DELETE:
1284  pname = "Foreign Delete";
1285  operation = "Delete";
1286  break;
1287  default:
1288  pname = "???";
1289  break;
1290  }
1291  break;
1292  case T_CustomScan:
1293  sname = "Custom Scan";
1294  custom_name = ((CustomScan *) plan)->methods->CustomName;
1295  if (custom_name)
1296  pname = psprintf("Custom Scan (%s)", custom_name);
1297  else
1298  pname = sname;
1299  break;
1300  case T_Material:
1301  pname = sname = "Materialize";
1302  break;
1303  case T_Memoize:
1304  pname = sname = "Memoize";
1305  break;
1306  case T_Sort:
1307  pname = sname = "Sort";
1308  break;
1309  case T_IncrementalSort:
1310  pname = sname = "Incremental Sort";
1311  break;
1312  case T_Group:
1313  pname = sname = "Group";
1314  break;
1315  case T_Agg:
1316  {
1317  Agg *agg = (Agg *) plan;
1318 
1319  sname = "Aggregate";
1320  switch (agg->aggstrategy)
1321  {
1322  case AGG_PLAIN:
1323  pname = "Aggregate";
1324  strategy = "Plain";
1325  break;
1326  case AGG_SORTED:
1327  pname = "GroupAggregate";
1328  strategy = "Sorted";
1329  break;
1330  case AGG_HASHED:
1331  pname = "HashAggregate";
1332  strategy = "Hashed";
1333  break;
1334  case AGG_MIXED:
1335  pname = "MixedAggregate";
1336  strategy = "Mixed";
1337  break;
1338  default:
1339  pname = "Aggregate ???";
1340  strategy = "???";
1341  break;
1342  }
1343 
1344  if (DO_AGGSPLIT_SKIPFINAL(agg->aggsplit))
1345  {
1346  partialmode = "Partial";
1347  pname = psprintf("%s %s", partialmode, pname);
1348  }
1349  else if (DO_AGGSPLIT_COMBINE(agg->aggsplit))
1350  {
1351  partialmode = "Finalize";
1352  pname = psprintf("%s %s", partialmode, pname);
1353  }
1354  else
1355  partialmode = "Simple";
1356  }
1357  break;
1358  case T_WindowAgg:
1359  pname = sname = "WindowAgg";
1360  break;
1361  case T_Unique:
1362  pname = sname = "Unique";
1363  break;
1364  case T_SetOp:
1365  sname = "SetOp";
1366  switch (((SetOp *) plan)->strategy)
1367  {
1368  case SETOP_SORTED:
1369  pname = "SetOp";
1370  strategy = "Sorted";
1371  break;
1372  case SETOP_HASHED:
1373  pname = "HashSetOp";
1374  strategy = "Hashed";
1375  break;
1376  default:
1377  pname = "SetOp ???";
1378  strategy = "???";
1379  break;
1380  }
1381  break;
1382  case T_LockRows:
1383  pname = sname = "LockRows";
1384  break;
1385  case T_Limit:
1386  pname = sname = "Limit";
1387  break;
1388  case T_Hash:
1389  pname = sname = "Hash";
1390  break;
1391  default:
1392  pname = sname = "???";
1393  break;
1394  }
1395 
1396  ExplainOpenGroup("Plan",
1397  relationship ? NULL : "Plan",
1398  true, es);
1399 
1400  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
1401  {
1402  if (plan_name)
1403  {
1404  ExplainIndentText(es);
1405  appendStringInfo(es->str, "%s\n", plan_name);
1406  es->indent++;
1407  }
1408  if (es->indent)
1409  {
1410  ExplainIndentText(es);
1411  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "-> ");
1412  es->indent += 2;
1413  }
1414  if (plan->parallel_aware)
1415  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "Parallel ");
1416  if (plan->async_capable)
1417  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "Async ");
1418  appendStringInfoString(es->str, pname);
1419  es->indent++;
1420  }
1421  else
1422  {
1423  ExplainPropertyText("Node Type", sname, es);
1424  if (strategy)
1425  ExplainPropertyText("Strategy", strategy, es);
1426  if (partialmode)
1427  ExplainPropertyText("Partial Mode", partialmode, es);
1428  if (operation)
1429  ExplainPropertyText("Operation", operation, es);
1430  if (relationship)
1431  ExplainPropertyText("Parent Relationship", relationship, es);
1432  if (plan_name)
1433  ExplainPropertyText("Subplan Name", plan_name, es);
1434  if (custom_name)
1435  ExplainPropertyText("Custom Plan Provider", custom_name, es);
1436  ExplainPropertyBool("Parallel Aware", plan->parallel_aware, es);
1437  ExplainPropertyBool("Async Capable", plan->async_capable, es);
1438  }
1439 
1440  switch (nodeTag(plan))
1441  {
1442  case T_SeqScan:
1443  case T_SampleScan:
1444  case T_BitmapHeapScan:
1445  case T_TidScan:
1446  case T_TidRangeScan:
1447  case T_SubqueryScan:
1448  case T_FunctionScan:
1449  case T_TableFuncScan:
1450  case T_ValuesScan:
1451  case T_CteScan:
1452  case T_WorkTableScan:
1453  ExplainScanTarget((Scan *) plan, es);
1454  break;
1455  case T_ForeignScan:
1456  case T_CustomScan:
1457  if (((Scan *) plan)->scanrelid > 0)
1458  ExplainScanTarget((Scan *) plan, es);
1459  break;
1460  case T_IndexScan:
1461  {
1462  IndexScan *indexscan = (IndexScan *) plan;
1463 
1464  ExplainIndexScanDetails(indexscan->indexid,
1465  indexscan->indexorderdir,
1466  es);
1467  ExplainScanTarget((Scan *) indexscan, es);
1468  }
1469  break;
1470  case T_IndexOnlyScan:
1471  {
1472  IndexOnlyScan *indexonlyscan = (IndexOnlyScan *) plan;
1473 
1474  ExplainIndexScanDetails(indexonlyscan->indexid,
1475  indexonlyscan->indexorderdir,
1476  es);
1477  ExplainScanTarget((Scan *) indexonlyscan, es);
1478  }
1479  break;
1480  case T_BitmapIndexScan:
1481  {
1482  BitmapIndexScan *bitmapindexscan = (BitmapIndexScan *) plan;
1483  const char *indexname =
1484  explain_get_index_name(bitmapindexscan->indexid);
1485 
1486  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
1487  appendStringInfo(es->str, " on %s",
1488  quote_identifier(indexname));
1489  else
1490  ExplainPropertyText("Index Name", indexname, es);
1491  }
1492  break;
1493  case T_ModifyTable:
1494  ExplainModifyTarget((ModifyTable *) plan, es);
1495  break;
1496  case T_NestLoop:
1497  case T_MergeJoin:
1498  case T_HashJoin:
1499  {
1500  const char *jointype;
1501 
1502  switch (((Join *) plan)->jointype)
1503  {
1504  case JOIN_INNER:
1505  jointype = "Inner";
1506  break;
1507  case JOIN_LEFT:
1508  jointype = "Left";
1509  break;
1510  case JOIN_FULL:
1511  jointype = "Full";
1512  break;
1513  case JOIN_RIGHT:
1514  jointype = "Right";
1515  break;
1516  case JOIN_SEMI:
1517  jointype = "Semi";
1518  break;
1519  case JOIN_ANTI:
1520  jointype = "Anti";
1521  break;
1522  default:
1523  jointype = "???";
1524  break;
1525  }
1526  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
1527  {
1528  /*
1529  * For historical reasons, the join type is interpolated
1530  * into the node type name...
1531  */
1532  if (((Join *) plan)->jointype != JOIN_INNER)
1533  appendStringInfo(es->str, " %s Join", jointype);
1534  else if (!IsA(plan, NestLoop))
1535  appendStringInfoString(es->str, " Join");
1536  }
1537  else
1538  ExplainPropertyText("Join Type", jointype, es);
1539  }
1540  break;
1541  case T_SetOp:
1542  {
1543  const char *setopcmd;
1544 
1545  switch (((SetOp *) plan)->cmd)
1546  {
1547  case SETOPCMD_INTERSECT:
1548  setopcmd = "Intersect";
1549  break;
1550  case SETOPCMD_INTERSECT_ALL:
1551  setopcmd = "Intersect All";
1552  break;
1553  case SETOPCMD_EXCEPT:
1554  setopcmd = "Except";
1555  break;
1556  case SETOPCMD_EXCEPT_ALL:
1557  setopcmd = "Except All";
1558  break;
1559  default:
1560  setopcmd = "???";
1561  break;
1562  }
1563  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
1564  appendStringInfo(es->str, " %s", setopcmd);
1565  else
1566  ExplainPropertyText("Command", setopcmd, es);
1567  }
1568  break;
1569  default:
1570  break;
1571  }
1572 
1573  if (es->costs)
1574  {
1575  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
1576  {
1577  appendStringInfo(es->str, " (cost=%.2f..%.2f rows=%.0f width=%d)",
1578  plan->startup_cost, plan->total_cost,
1579  plan->plan_rows, plan->plan_width);
1580  }
1581  else
1582  {
1583  ExplainPropertyFloat("Startup Cost", NULL, plan->startup_cost,
1584  2, es);
1585  ExplainPropertyFloat("Total Cost", NULL, plan->total_cost,
1586  2, es);
1587  ExplainPropertyFloat("Plan Rows", NULL, plan->plan_rows,
1588  0, es);
1589  ExplainPropertyInteger("Plan Width", NULL, plan->plan_width,
1590  es);
1591  }
1592  }
1593 
1594  /*
1595  * We have to forcibly clean up the instrumentation state because we
1596  * haven't done ExecutorEnd yet. This is pretty grotty ...
1597  *
1598  * Note: contrib/auto_explain could cause instrumentation to be set up
1599  * even though we didn't ask for it here. Be careful not to print any
1600  * instrumentation results the user didn't ask for. But we do the
1601  * InstrEndLoop call anyway, if possible, to reduce the number of cases
1602  * auto_explain has to contend with.
1603  */
1604  if (planstate->instrument)
1605  InstrEndLoop(planstate->instrument);
1606 
1607  if (es->analyze &&
1608  planstate->instrument && planstate->instrument->nloops > 0)
1609  {
1610  double nloops = planstate->instrument->nloops;
1611  double startup_ms = 1000.0 * planstate->instrument->startup / nloops;
1612  double total_ms = 1000.0 * planstate->instrument->total / nloops;
1613  double rows = planstate->instrument->ntuples / nloops;
1614 
1615  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
1616  {
1617  if (es->timing)
1618  appendStringInfo(es->str,
1619  " (actual time=%.3f..%.3f rows=%.0f loops=%.0f)",
1620  startup_ms, total_ms, rows, nloops);
1621  else
1622  appendStringInfo(es->str,
1623  " (actual rows=%.0f loops=%.0f)",
1624  rows, nloops);
1625  }
1626  else
1627  {
1628  if (es->timing)
1629  {
1630  ExplainPropertyFloat("Actual Startup Time", "ms", startup_ms,
1631  3, es);
1632  ExplainPropertyFloat("Actual Total Time", "ms", total_ms,
1633  3, es);
1634  }
1635  ExplainPropertyFloat("Actual Rows", NULL, rows, 0, es);
1636  ExplainPropertyFloat("Actual Loops", NULL, nloops, 0, es);
1637  }
1638  }
1639  else if (es->analyze)
1640  {
1641  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
1642  appendStringInfoString(es->str, " (never executed)");
1643  else
1644  {
1645  if (es->timing)
1646  {
1647  ExplainPropertyFloat("Actual Startup Time", "ms", 0.0, 3, es);
1648  ExplainPropertyFloat("Actual Total Time", "ms", 0.0, 3, es);
1649  }
1650  ExplainPropertyFloat("Actual Rows", NULL, 0.0, 0, es);
1651  ExplainPropertyFloat("Actual Loops", NULL, 0.0, 0, es);
1652  }
1653  }
1654 
1655  /* in text format, first line ends here */
1656  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
1657  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '\n');
1658 
1659  /* prepare per-worker general execution details */
1660  if (es->workers_state && es->verbose)
1661  {
1662  WorkerInstrumentation *w = planstate->worker_instrument;
1663 
1664  for (int n = 0; n < w->num_workers; n++)
1665  {
1666  Instrumentation *instrument = &w->instrument[n];
1667  double nloops = instrument->nloops;
1668  double startup_ms;
1669  double total_ms;
1670  double rows;
1671 
1672  if (nloops <= 0)
1673  continue;
1674  startup_ms = 1000.0 * instrument->startup / nloops;
1675  total_ms = 1000.0 * instrument->total / nloops;
1676  rows = instrument->ntuples / nloops;
1677 
1678  ExplainOpenWorker(n, es);
1679 
1680  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
1681  {
1682  ExplainIndentText(es);
1683  if (es->timing)
1684  appendStringInfo(es->str,
1685  "actual time=%.3f..%.3f rows=%.0f loops=%.0f\n",
1686  startup_ms, total_ms, rows, nloops);
1687  else
1688  appendStringInfo(es->str,
1689  "actual rows=%.0f loops=%.0f\n",
1690  rows, nloops);
1691  }
1692  else
1693  {
1694  if (es->timing)
1695  {
1696  ExplainPropertyFloat("Actual Startup Time", "ms",
1697  startup_ms, 3, es);
1698  ExplainPropertyFloat("Actual Total Time", "ms",
1699  total_ms, 3, es);
1700  }
1701  ExplainPropertyFloat("Actual Rows", NULL, rows, 0, es);
1702  ExplainPropertyFloat("Actual Loops", NULL, nloops, 0, es);
1703  }
1704 
1705  ExplainCloseWorker(n, es);
1706  }
1707  }
1708 
1709  /* target list */
1710  if (es->verbose)
1711  show_plan_tlist(planstate, ancestors, es);
1712 
1713  /* unique join */
1714  switch (nodeTag(plan))
1715  {
1716  case T_NestLoop:
1717  case T_MergeJoin:
1718  case T_HashJoin:
1719  /* try not to be too chatty about this in text mode */
1720  if (es->format != EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT ||
1721  (es->verbose && ((Join *) plan)->inner_unique))
1722  ExplainPropertyBool("Inner Unique",
1723  ((Join *) plan)->inner_unique,
1724  es);
1725  break;
1726  default:
1727  break;
1728  }
1729 
1730  /* quals, sort keys, etc */
1731  switch (nodeTag(plan))
1732  {
1733  case T_IndexScan:
1734  show_scan_qual(((IndexScan *) plan)->indexqualorig,
1735  "Index Cond", planstate, ancestors, es);
1736  if (((IndexScan *) plan)->indexqualorig)
1737  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Index Recheck", 2,
1738  planstate, es);
1739  show_scan_qual(((IndexScan *) plan)->indexorderbyorig,
1740  "Order By", planstate, ancestors, es);
1741  show_scan_qual(plan->qual, "Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
1742  if (plan->qual)
1743  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Filter", 1,
1744  planstate, es);
1745  break;
1746  case T_IndexOnlyScan:
1747  show_scan_qual(((IndexOnlyScan *) plan)->indexqual,
1748  "Index Cond", planstate, ancestors, es);
1749  if (((IndexOnlyScan *) plan)->indexqual)
1750  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Index Recheck", 2,
1751  planstate, es);
1752  show_scan_qual(((IndexOnlyScan *) plan)->indexorderby,
1753  "Order By", planstate, ancestors, es);
1754  show_scan_qual(plan->qual, "Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
1755  if (plan->qual)
1756  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Filter", 1,
1757  planstate, es);
1758  if (es->analyze)
1759  ExplainPropertyFloat("Heap Fetches", NULL,
1760  planstate->instrument->ntuples2, 0, es);
1761  break;
1762  case T_BitmapIndexScan:
1763  show_scan_qual(((BitmapIndexScan *) plan)->indexqualorig,
1764  "Index Cond", planstate, ancestors, es);
1765  break;
1766  case T_BitmapHeapScan:
1767  show_scan_qual(((BitmapHeapScan *) plan)->bitmapqualorig,
1768  "Recheck Cond", planstate, ancestors, es);
1769  if (((BitmapHeapScan *) plan)->bitmapqualorig)
1770  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Index Recheck", 2,
1771  planstate, es);
1772  show_scan_qual(plan->qual, "Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
1773  if (plan->qual)
1774  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Filter", 1,
1775  planstate, es);
1776  if (es->analyze)
1777  show_tidbitmap_info((BitmapHeapScanState *) planstate, es);
1778  break;
1779  case T_SampleScan:
1780  show_tablesample(((SampleScan *) plan)->tablesample,
1781  planstate, ancestors, es);
1782  /* fall through to print additional fields the same as SeqScan */
1783  /* FALLTHROUGH */
1784  case T_SeqScan:
1785  case T_ValuesScan:
1786  case T_CteScan:
1787  case T_NamedTuplestoreScan:
1788  case T_WorkTableScan:
1789  case T_SubqueryScan:
1790  show_scan_qual(plan->qual, "Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
1791  if (plan->qual)
1792  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Filter", 1,
1793  planstate, es);
1794  break;
1795  case T_Gather:
1796  {
1797  Gather *gather = (Gather *) plan;
1798 
1799  show_scan_qual(plan->qual, "Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
1800  if (plan->qual)
1801  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Filter", 1,
1802  planstate, es);
1803  ExplainPropertyInteger("Workers Planned", NULL,
1804  gather->num_workers, es);
1805 
1806  /* Show params evaluated at gather node */
1807  if (gather->initParam)
1808  show_eval_params(gather->initParam, es);
1809 
1810  if (es->analyze)
1811  {
1812  int nworkers;
1813 
1814  nworkers = ((GatherState *) planstate)->nworkers_launched;
1815  ExplainPropertyInteger("Workers Launched", NULL,
1816  nworkers, es);
1817  }
1818 
1819  if (gather->single_copy || es->format != EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
1820  ExplainPropertyBool("Single Copy", gather->single_copy, es);
1821  }
1822  break;
1823  case T_GatherMerge:
1824  {
1825  GatherMerge *gm = (GatherMerge *) plan;
1826 
1827  show_scan_qual(plan->qual, "Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
1828  if (plan->qual)
1829  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Filter", 1,
1830  planstate, es);
1831  ExplainPropertyInteger("Workers Planned", NULL,
1832  gm->num_workers, es);
1833 
1834  /* Show params evaluated at gather-merge node */
1835  if (gm->initParam)
1836  show_eval_params(gm->initParam, es);
1837 
1838  if (es->analyze)
1839  {
1840  int nworkers;
1841 
1842  nworkers = ((GatherMergeState *) planstate)->nworkers_launched;
1843  ExplainPropertyInteger("Workers Launched", NULL,
1844  nworkers, es);
1845  }
1846  }
1847  break;
1848  case T_FunctionScan:
1849  if (es->verbose)
1850  {
1851  List *fexprs = NIL;
1852  ListCell *lc;
1853 
1854  foreach(lc, ((FunctionScan *) plan)->functions)
1855  {
1856  RangeTblFunction *rtfunc = (RangeTblFunction *) lfirst(lc);
1857 
1858  fexprs = lappend(fexprs, rtfunc->funcexpr);
1859  }
1860  /* We rely on show_expression to insert commas as needed */
1861  show_expression((Node *) fexprs,
1862  "Function Call", planstate, ancestors,
1863  es->verbose, es);
1864  }
1865  show_scan_qual(plan->qual, "Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
1866  if (plan->qual)
1867  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Filter", 1,
1868  planstate, es);
1869  break;
1870  case T_TableFuncScan:
1871  if (es->verbose)
1872  {
1873  TableFunc *tablefunc = ((TableFuncScan *) plan)->tablefunc;
1874 
1875  show_expression((Node *) tablefunc,
1876  "Table Function Call", planstate, ancestors,
1877  es->verbose, es);
1878  }
1879  show_scan_qual(plan->qual, "Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
1880  if (plan->qual)
1881  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Filter", 1,
1882  planstate, es);
1883  break;
1884  case T_TidScan:
1885  {
1886  /*
1887  * The tidquals list has OR semantics, so be sure to show it
1888  * as an OR condition.
1889  */
1890  List *tidquals = ((TidScan *) plan)->tidquals;
1891 
1892  if (list_length(tidquals) > 1)
1893  tidquals = list_make1(make_orclause(tidquals));
1894  show_scan_qual(tidquals, "TID Cond", planstate, ancestors, es);
1895  show_scan_qual(plan->qual, "Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
1896  if (plan->qual)
1897  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Filter", 1,
1898  planstate, es);
1899  }
1900  break;
1901  case T_TidRangeScan:
1902  {
1903  /*
1904  * The tidrangequals list has AND semantics, so be sure to
1905  * show it as an AND condition.
1906  */
1907  List *tidquals = ((TidRangeScan *) plan)->tidrangequals;
1908 
1909  if (list_length(tidquals) > 1)
1910  tidquals = list_make1(make_andclause(tidquals));
1911  show_scan_qual(tidquals, "TID Cond", planstate, ancestors, es);
1912  show_scan_qual(plan->qual, "Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
1913  if (plan->qual)
1914  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Filter", 1,
1915  planstate, es);
1916  }
1917  break;
1918  case T_ForeignScan:
1919  show_scan_qual(plan->qual, "Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
1920  if (plan->qual)
1921  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Filter", 1,
1922  planstate, es);
1923  show_foreignscan_info((ForeignScanState *) planstate, es);
1924  break;
1925  case T_CustomScan:
1926  {
1927  CustomScanState *css = (CustomScanState *) planstate;
1928 
1929  show_scan_qual(plan->qual, "Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
1930  if (plan->qual)
1931  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Filter", 1,
1932  planstate, es);
1933  if (css->methods->ExplainCustomScan)
1934  css->methods->ExplainCustomScan(css, ancestors, es);
1935  }
1936  break;
1937  case T_NestLoop:
1938  show_upper_qual(((NestLoop *) plan)->join.joinqual,
1939  "Join Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
1940  if (((NestLoop *) plan)->join.joinqual)
1941  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Join Filter", 1,
1942  planstate, es);
1943  show_upper_qual(plan->qual, "Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
1944  if (plan->qual)
1945  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Filter", 2,
1946  planstate, es);
1947  break;
1948  case T_MergeJoin:
1949  show_upper_qual(((MergeJoin *) plan)->mergeclauses,
1950  "Merge Cond", planstate, ancestors, es);
1951  show_upper_qual(((MergeJoin *) plan)->join.joinqual,
1952  "Join Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
1953  if (((MergeJoin *) plan)->join.joinqual)
1954  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Join Filter", 1,
1955  planstate, es);
1956  show_upper_qual(plan->qual, "Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
1957  if (plan->qual)
1958  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Filter", 2,
1959  planstate, es);
1960  break;
1961  case T_HashJoin:
1962  show_upper_qual(((HashJoin *) plan)->hashclauses,
1963  "Hash Cond", planstate, ancestors, es);
1964  show_upper_qual(((HashJoin *) plan)->join.joinqual,
1965  "Join Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
1966  if (((HashJoin *) plan)->join.joinqual)
1967  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Join Filter", 1,
1968  planstate, es);
1969  show_upper_qual(plan->qual, "Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
1970  if (plan->qual)
1971  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Filter", 2,
1972  planstate, es);
1973  break;
1974  case T_Agg:
1975  show_agg_keys(castNode(AggState, planstate), ancestors, es);
1976  show_upper_qual(plan->qual, "Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
1977  show_hashagg_info((AggState *) planstate, es);
1978  if (plan->qual)
1979  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Filter", 1,
1980  planstate, es);
1981  break;
1982  case T_Group:
1983  show_group_keys(castNode(GroupState, planstate), ancestors, es);
1984  show_upper_qual(plan->qual, "Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
1985  if (plan->qual)
1986  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Filter", 1,
1987  planstate, es);
1988  break;
1989  case T_Sort:
1990  show_sort_keys(castNode(SortState, planstate), ancestors, es);
1991  show_sort_info(castNode(SortState, planstate), es);
1992  break;
1993  case T_IncrementalSort:
1994  show_incremental_sort_keys(castNode(IncrementalSortState, planstate),
1995  ancestors, es);
1996  show_incremental_sort_info(castNode(IncrementalSortState, planstate),
1997  es);
1998  break;
1999  case T_MergeAppend:
2000  show_merge_append_keys(castNode(MergeAppendState, planstate),
2001  ancestors, es);
2002  break;
2003  case T_Result:
2004  show_upper_qual((List *) ((Result *) plan)->resconstantqual,
2005  "One-Time Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
2006  show_upper_qual(plan->qual, "Filter", planstate, ancestors, es);
2007  if (plan->qual)
2008  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Filter", 1,
2009  planstate, es);
2010  break;
2011  case T_ModifyTable:
2012  show_modifytable_info(castNode(ModifyTableState, planstate), ancestors,
2013  es);
2014  break;
2015  case T_Hash:
2016  show_hash_info(castNode(HashState, planstate), es);
2017  break;
2018  case T_Memoize:
2019  show_memoize_info(castNode(MemoizeState, planstate), ancestors,
2020  es);
2021  break;
2022  default:
2023  break;
2024  }
2025 
2026  /*
2027  * Prepare per-worker JIT instrumentation. As with the overall JIT
2028  * summary, this is printed only if printing costs is enabled.
2029  */
2030  if (es->workers_state && es->costs && es->verbose)
2031  {
2032  SharedJitInstrumentation *w = planstate->worker_jit_instrument;
2033 
2034  if (w)
2035  {
2036  for (int n = 0; n < w->num_workers; n++)
2037  {
2038  ExplainOpenWorker(n, es);
2039  ExplainPrintJIT(es, planstate->state->es_jit_flags,
2040  &w->jit_instr[n]);
2041  ExplainCloseWorker(n, es);
2042  }
2043  }
2044  }
2045 
2046  /* Show buffer/WAL usage */
2047  if (es->buffers && planstate->instrument)
2048  show_buffer_usage(es, &planstate->instrument->bufusage, false);
2049  if (es->wal && planstate->instrument)
2050  show_wal_usage(es, &planstate->instrument->walusage);
2051 
2052  /* Prepare per-worker buffer/WAL usage */
2053  if (es->workers_state && (es->buffers || es->wal) && es->verbose)
2054  {
2055  WorkerInstrumentation *w = planstate->worker_instrument;
2056 
2057  for (int n = 0; n < w->num_workers; n++)
2058  {
2059  Instrumentation *instrument = &w->instrument[n];
2060  double nloops = instrument->nloops;
2061 
2062  if (nloops <= 0)
2063  continue;
2064 
2065  ExplainOpenWorker(n, es);
2066  if (es->buffers)
2067  show_buffer_usage(es, &instrument->bufusage, false);
2068  if (es->wal)
2069  show_wal_usage(es, &instrument->walusage);
2070  ExplainCloseWorker(n, es);
2071  }
2072  }
2073 
2074  /* Show per-worker details for this plan node, then pop that stack */
2075  if (es->workers_state)
2076  ExplainFlushWorkersState(es);
2077  es->workers_state = save_workers_state;
2078 
2079  /*
2080  * If partition pruning was done during executor initialization, the
2081  * number of child plans we'll display below will be less than the number
2082  * of subplans that was specified in the plan. To make this a bit less
2083  * mysterious, emit an indication that this happened. Note that this
2084  * field is emitted now because we want it to be a property of the parent
2085  * node; it *cannot* be emitted within the Plans sub-node we'll open next.
2086  */
2087  switch (nodeTag(plan))
2088  {
2089  case T_Append:
2090  ExplainMissingMembers(((AppendState *) planstate)->as_nplans,
2091  list_length(((Append *) plan)->appendplans),
2092  es);
2093  break;
2094  case T_MergeAppend:
2095  ExplainMissingMembers(((MergeAppendState *) planstate)->ms_nplans,
2096  list_length(((MergeAppend *) plan)->mergeplans),
2097  es);
2098  break;
2099  default:
2100  break;
2101  }
2102 
2103  /* Get ready to display the child plans */
2104  haschildren = planstate->initPlan ||
2105  outerPlanState(planstate) ||
2106  innerPlanState(planstate) ||
2107  IsA(plan, Append) ||
2108  IsA(plan, MergeAppend) ||
2109  IsA(plan, BitmapAnd) ||
2110  IsA(plan, BitmapOr) ||
2111  IsA(plan, SubqueryScan) ||
2112  (IsA(planstate, CustomScanState) &&
2113  ((CustomScanState *) planstate)->custom_ps != NIL) ||
2114  planstate->subPlan;
2115  if (haschildren)
2116  {
2117  ExplainOpenGroup("Plans", "Plans", false, es);
2118  /* Pass current Plan as head of ancestors list for children */
2119  ancestors = lcons(plan, ancestors);
2120  }
2121 
2122  /* initPlan-s */
2123  if (planstate->initPlan)
2124  ExplainSubPlans(planstate->initPlan, ancestors, "InitPlan", es);
2125 
2126  /* lefttree */
2127  if (outerPlanState(planstate))
2128  ExplainNode(outerPlanState(planstate), ancestors,
2129  "Outer", NULL, es);
2130 
2131  /* righttree */
2132  if (innerPlanState(planstate))
2133  ExplainNode(innerPlanState(planstate), ancestors,
2134  "Inner", NULL, es);
2135 
2136  /* special child plans */
2137  switch (nodeTag(plan))
2138  {
2139  case T_Append:
2140  ExplainMemberNodes(((AppendState *) planstate)->appendplans,
2141  ((AppendState *) planstate)->as_nplans,
2142  ancestors, es);
2143  break;
2144  case T_MergeAppend:
2145  ExplainMemberNodes(((MergeAppendState *) planstate)->mergeplans,
2146  ((MergeAppendState *) planstate)->ms_nplans,
2147  ancestors, es);
2148  break;
2149  case T_BitmapAnd:
2150  ExplainMemberNodes(((BitmapAndState *) planstate)->bitmapplans,
2151  ((BitmapAndState *) planstate)->nplans,
2152  ancestors, es);
2153  break;
2154  case T_BitmapOr:
2155  ExplainMemberNodes(((BitmapOrState *) planstate)->bitmapplans,
2156  ((BitmapOrState *) planstate)->nplans,
2157  ancestors, es);
2158  break;
2159  case T_SubqueryScan:
2160  ExplainNode(((SubqueryScanState *) planstate)->subplan, ancestors,
2161  "Subquery", NULL, es);
2162  break;
2163  case T_CustomScan:
2164  ExplainCustomChildren((CustomScanState *) planstate,
2165  ancestors, es);
2166  break;
2167  default:
2168  break;
2169  }
2170 
2171  /* subPlan-s */
2172  if (planstate->subPlan)
2173  ExplainSubPlans(planstate->subPlan, ancestors, "SubPlan", es);
2174 
2175  /* end of child plans */
2176  if (haschildren)
2177  {
2178  ancestors = list_delete_first(ancestors);
2179  ExplainCloseGroup("Plans", "Plans", false, es);
2180  }
2181 
2182  /* in text format, undo whatever indentation we added */
2183  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
2184  es->indent = save_indent;
2185 
2186  ExplainCloseGroup("Plan",
2187  relationship ? NULL : "Plan",
2188  true, es);
2189 }
2190 
2191 /*
2192  * Show the targetlist of a plan node
2193  */
2194 static void
2195 show_plan_tlist(PlanState *planstate, List *ancestors, ExplainState *es)
2196 {
2197  Plan *plan = planstate->plan;
2198  List *context;
2199  List *result = NIL;
2200  bool useprefix;
2201  ListCell *lc;
2202 
2203  /* No work if empty tlist (this occurs eg in bitmap indexscans) */
2204  if (plan->targetlist == NIL)
2205  return;
2206  /* The tlist of an Append isn't real helpful, so suppress it */
2207  if (IsA(plan, Append))
2208  return;
2209  /* Likewise for MergeAppend and RecursiveUnion */
2210  if (IsA(plan, MergeAppend))
2211  return;
2212  if (IsA(plan, RecursiveUnion))
2213  return;
2214 
2215  /*
2216  * Likewise for ForeignScan that executes a direct INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE
2217  *
2218  * Note: the tlist for a ForeignScan that executes a direct INSERT/UPDATE
2219  * might contain subplan output expressions that are confusing in this
2220  * context. The tlist for a ForeignScan that executes a direct UPDATE/
2221  * DELETE always contains "junk" target columns to identify the exact row
2222  * to update or delete, which would be confusing in this context. So, we
2223  * suppress it in all the cases.
2224  */
2225  if (IsA(plan, ForeignScan) &&
2226  ((ForeignScan *) plan)->operation != CMD_SELECT)
2227  return;
2228 
2229  /* Set up deparsing context */
2230  context = set_deparse_context_plan(es->deparse_cxt,
2231  plan,
2232  ancestors);
2233  useprefix = list_length(es->rtable) > 1;
2234 
2235  /* Deparse each result column (we now include resjunk ones) */
2236  foreach(lc, plan->targetlist)
2237  {
2238  TargetEntry *tle = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(lc);
2239 
2240  result = lappend(result,
2241  deparse_expression((Node *) tle->expr, context,
2242  useprefix, false));
2243  }
2244 
2245  /* Print results */
2246  ExplainPropertyList("Output", result, es);
2247 }
2248 
2249 /*
2250  * Show a generic expression
2251  */
2252 static void
2253 show_expression(Node *node, const char *qlabel,
2254  PlanState *planstate, List *ancestors,
2255  bool useprefix, ExplainState *es)
2256 {
2257  List *context;
2258  char *exprstr;
2259 
2260  /* Set up deparsing context */
2261  context = set_deparse_context_plan(es->deparse_cxt,
2262  planstate->plan,
2263  ancestors);
2264 
2265  /* Deparse the expression */
2266  exprstr = deparse_expression(node, context, useprefix, false);
2267 
2268  /* And add to es->str */
2269  ExplainPropertyText(qlabel, exprstr, es);
2270 }
2271 
2272 /*
2273  * Show a qualifier expression (which is a List with implicit AND semantics)
2274  */
2275 static void
2276 show_qual(List *qual, const char *qlabel,
2277  PlanState *planstate, List *ancestors,
2278  bool useprefix, ExplainState *es)
2279 {
2280  Node *node;
2281 
2282  /* No work if empty qual */
2283  if (qual == NIL)
2284  return;
2285 
2286  /* Convert AND list to explicit AND */
2287  node = (Node *) make_ands_explicit(qual);
2288 
2289  /* And show it */
2290  show_expression(node, qlabel, planstate, ancestors, useprefix, es);
2291 }
2292 
2293 /*
2294  * Show a qualifier expression for a scan plan node
2295  */
2296 static void
2297 show_scan_qual(List *qual, const char *qlabel,
2298  PlanState *planstate, List *ancestors,
2299  ExplainState *es)
2300 {
2301  bool useprefix;
2302 
2303  useprefix = (IsA(planstate->plan, SubqueryScan) || es->verbose);
2304  show_qual(qual, qlabel, planstate, ancestors, useprefix, es);
2305 }
2306 
2307 /*
2308  * Show a qualifier expression for an upper-level plan node
2309  */
2310 static void
2311 show_upper_qual(List *qual, const char *qlabel,
2312  PlanState *planstate, List *ancestors,
2313  ExplainState *es)
2314 {
2315  bool useprefix;
2316 
2317  useprefix = (list_length(es->rtable) > 1 || es->verbose);
2318  show_qual(qual, qlabel, planstate, ancestors, useprefix, es);
2319 }
2320 
2321 /*
2322  * Show the sort keys for a Sort node.
2323  */
2324 static void
2325 show_sort_keys(SortState *sortstate, List *ancestors, ExplainState *es)
2326 {
2327  Sort *plan = (Sort *) sortstate->ss.ps.plan;
2328 
2329  show_sort_group_keys((PlanState *) sortstate, "Sort Key",
2330  plan->numCols, 0, plan->sortColIdx,
2331  plan->sortOperators, plan->collations,
2332  plan->nullsFirst,
2333  ancestors, es);
2334 }
2335 
2336 /*
2337  * Show the sort keys for a IncrementalSort node.
2338  */
2339 static void
2340 show_incremental_sort_keys(IncrementalSortState *incrsortstate,
2341  List *ancestors, ExplainState *es)
2342 {
2343  IncrementalSort *plan = (IncrementalSort *) incrsortstate->ss.ps.plan;
2344 
2345  show_sort_group_keys((PlanState *) incrsortstate, "Sort Key",
2346  plan->sort.numCols, plan->nPresortedCols,
2347  plan->sort.sortColIdx,
2348  plan->sort.sortOperators, plan->sort.collations,
2349  plan->sort.nullsFirst,
2350  ancestors, es);
2351 }
2352 
2353 /*
2354  * Likewise, for a MergeAppend node.
2355  */
2356 static void
2357 show_merge_append_keys(MergeAppendState *mstate, List *ancestors,
2358  ExplainState *es)
2359 {
2360  MergeAppend *plan = (MergeAppend *) mstate->ps.plan;
2361 
2362  show_sort_group_keys((PlanState *) mstate, "Sort Key",
2363  plan->numCols, 0, plan->sortColIdx,
2364  plan->sortOperators, plan->collations,
2365  plan->nullsFirst,
2366  ancestors, es);
2367 }
2368 
2369 /*
2370  * Show the grouping keys for an Agg node.
2371  */
2372 static void
2373 show_agg_keys(AggState *astate, List *ancestors,
2374  ExplainState *es)
2375 {
2376  Agg *plan = (Agg *) astate->ss.ps.plan;
2377 
2378  if (plan->numCols > 0 || plan->groupingSets)
2379  {
2380  /* The key columns refer to the tlist of the child plan */
2381  ancestors = lcons(plan, ancestors);
2382 
2383  if (plan->groupingSets)
2384  show_grouping_sets(outerPlanState(astate), plan, ancestors, es);
2385  else
2386  show_sort_group_keys(outerPlanState(astate), "Group Key",
2387  plan->numCols, 0, plan->grpColIdx,
2388  NULL, NULL, NULL,
2389  ancestors, es);
2390 
2391  ancestors = list_delete_first(ancestors);
2392  }
2393 }
2394 
2395 static void
2396 show_grouping_sets(PlanState *planstate, Agg *agg,
2397  List *ancestors, ExplainState *es)
2398 {
2399  List *context;
2400  bool useprefix;
2401  ListCell *lc;
2402 
2403  /* Set up deparsing context */
2404  context = set_deparse_context_plan(es->deparse_cxt,
2405  planstate->plan,
2406  ancestors);
2407  useprefix = (list_length(es->rtable) > 1 || es->verbose);
2408 
2409  ExplainOpenGroup("Grouping Sets", "Grouping Sets", false, es);
2410 
2411  show_grouping_set_keys(planstate, agg, NULL,
2412  context, useprefix, ancestors, es);
2413 
2414  foreach(lc, agg->chain)
2415  {
2416  Agg *aggnode = lfirst(lc);
2417  Sort *sortnode = (Sort *) aggnode->plan.lefttree;
2418 
2419  show_grouping_set_keys(planstate, aggnode, sortnode,
2420  context, useprefix, ancestors, es);
2421  }
2422 
2423  ExplainCloseGroup("Grouping Sets", "Grouping Sets", false, es);
2424 }
2425 
2426 static void
2427 show_grouping_set_keys(PlanState *planstate,
2428  Agg *aggnode, Sort *sortnode,
2429  List *context, bool useprefix,
2430  List *ancestors, ExplainState *es)
2431 {
2432  Plan *plan = planstate->plan;
2433  char *exprstr;
2434  ListCell *lc;
2435  List *gsets = aggnode->groupingSets;
2436  AttrNumber *keycols = aggnode->grpColIdx;
2437  const char *keyname;
2438  const char *keysetname;
2439 
2440  if (aggnode->aggstrategy == AGG_HASHED || aggnode->aggstrategy == AGG_MIXED)
2441  {
2442  keyname = "Hash Key";
2443  keysetname = "Hash Keys";
2444  }
2445  else
2446  {
2447  keyname = "Group Key";
2448  keysetname = "Group Keys";
2449  }
2450 
2451  ExplainOpenGroup("Grouping Set", NULL, true, es);
2452 
2453  if (sortnode)
2454  {
2455  show_sort_group_keys(planstate, "Sort Key",
2456  sortnode->numCols, 0, sortnode->sortColIdx,
2457  sortnode->sortOperators, sortnode->collations,
2458  sortnode->nullsFirst,
2459  ancestors, es);
2460  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
2461  es->indent++;
2462  }
2463 
2464  ExplainOpenGroup(keysetname, keysetname, false, es);
2465 
2466  foreach(lc, gsets)
2467  {
2468  List *result = NIL;
2469  ListCell *lc2;
2470 
2471  foreach(lc2, (List *) lfirst(lc))
2472  {
2473  Index i = lfirst_int(lc2);
2474  AttrNumber keyresno = keycols[i];
2475  TargetEntry *target = get_tle_by_resno(plan->targetlist,
2476  keyresno);
2477 
2478  if (!target)
2479  elog(ERROR, "no tlist entry for key %d", keyresno);
2480  /* Deparse the expression, showing any top-level cast */
2481  exprstr = deparse_expression((Node *) target->expr, context,
2482  useprefix, true);
2483 
2484  result = lappend(result, exprstr);
2485  }
2486 
2487  if (!result && es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
2488  ExplainPropertyText(keyname, "()", es);
2489  else
2490  ExplainPropertyListNested(keyname, result, es);
2491  }
2492 
2493  ExplainCloseGroup(keysetname, keysetname, false, es);
2494 
2495  if (sortnode && es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
2496  es->indent--;
2497 
2498  ExplainCloseGroup("Grouping Set", NULL, true, es);
2499 }
2500 
2501 /*
2502  * Show the grouping keys for a Group node.
2503  */
2504 static void
2505 show_group_keys(GroupState *gstate, List *ancestors,
2506  ExplainState *es)
2507 {
2508  Group *plan = (Group *) gstate->ss.ps.plan;
2509 
2510  /* The key columns refer to the tlist of the child plan */
2511  ancestors = lcons(plan, ancestors);
2512  show_sort_group_keys(outerPlanState(gstate), "Group Key",
2513  plan->numCols, 0, plan->grpColIdx,
2514  NULL, NULL, NULL,
2515  ancestors, es);
2516  ancestors = list_delete_first(ancestors);
2517 }
2518 
2519 /*
2520  * Common code to show sort/group keys, which are represented in plan nodes
2521  * as arrays of targetlist indexes. If it's a sort key rather than a group
2522  * key, also pass sort operators/collations/nullsFirst arrays.
2523  */
2524 static void
2525 show_sort_group_keys(PlanState *planstate, const char *qlabel,
2526  int nkeys, int nPresortedKeys, AttrNumber *keycols,
2527  Oid *sortOperators, Oid *collations, bool *nullsFirst,
2528  List *ancestors, ExplainState *es)
2529 {
2530  Plan *plan = planstate->plan;
2531  List *context;
2532  List *result = NIL;
2533  List *resultPresorted = NIL;
2534  StringInfoData sortkeybuf;
2535  bool useprefix;
2536  int keyno;
2537 
2538  if (nkeys <= 0)
2539  return;
2540 
2541  initStringInfo(&sortkeybuf);
2542 
2543  /* Set up deparsing context */
2544  context = set_deparse_context_plan(es->deparse_cxt,
2545  plan,
2546  ancestors);
2547  useprefix = (list_length(es->rtable) > 1 || es->verbose);
2548 
2549  for (keyno = 0; keyno < nkeys; keyno++)
2550  {
2551  /* find key expression in tlist */
2552  AttrNumber keyresno = keycols[keyno];
2553  TargetEntry *target = get_tle_by_resno(plan->targetlist,
2554  keyresno);
2555  char *exprstr;
2556 
2557  if (!target)
2558  elog(ERROR, "no tlist entry for key %d", keyresno);
2559  /* Deparse the expression, showing any top-level cast */
2560  exprstr = deparse_expression((Node *) target->expr, context,
2561  useprefix, true);
2562  resetStringInfo(&sortkeybuf);
2563  appendStringInfoString(&sortkeybuf, exprstr);
2564  /* Append sort order information, if relevant */
2565  if (sortOperators != NULL)
2566  show_sortorder_options(&sortkeybuf,
2567  (Node *) target->expr,
2568  sortOperators[keyno],
2569  collations[keyno],
2570  nullsFirst[keyno]);
2571  /* Emit one property-list item per sort key */
2572  result = lappend(result, pstrdup(sortkeybuf.data));
2573  if (keyno < nPresortedKeys)
2574  resultPresorted = lappend(resultPresorted, exprstr);
2575  }
2576 
2577  ExplainPropertyList(qlabel, result, es);
2578  if (nPresortedKeys > 0)
2579  ExplainPropertyList("Presorted Key", resultPresorted, es);
2580 }
2581 
2582 /*
2583  * Append nondefault characteristics of the sort ordering of a column to buf
2584  * (collation, direction, NULLS FIRST/LAST)
2585  */
2586 static void
2587 show_sortorder_options(StringInfo buf, Node *sortexpr,
2588  Oid sortOperator, Oid collation, bool nullsFirst)
2589 {
2590  Oid sortcoltype = exprType(sortexpr);
2591  bool reverse = false;
2592  TypeCacheEntry *typentry;
2593 
2594  typentry = lookup_type_cache(sortcoltype,
2595  TYPECACHE_LT_OPR | TYPECACHE_GT_OPR);
2596 
2597  /*
2598  * Print COLLATE if it's not default for the column's type. There are
2599  * some cases where this is redundant, eg if expression is a column whose
2600  * declared collation is that collation, but it's hard to distinguish that
2601  * here (and arguably, printing COLLATE explicitly is a good idea anyway
2602  * in such cases).
2603  */
2604  if (OidIsValid(collation) && collation != get_typcollation(sortcoltype))
2605  {
2606  char *collname = get_collation_name(collation);
2607 
2608  if (collname == NULL)
2609  elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for collation %u", collation);
2610  appendStringInfo(buf, " COLLATE %s", quote_identifier(collname));
2611  }
2612 
2613  /* Print direction if not ASC, or USING if non-default sort operator */
2614  if (sortOperator == typentry->gt_opr)
2615  {
2616  appendStringInfoString(buf, " DESC");
2617  reverse = true;
2618  }
2619  else if (sortOperator != typentry->lt_opr)
2620  {
2621  char *opname = get_opname(sortOperator);
2622 
2623  if (opname == NULL)
2624  elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", sortOperator);
2625  appendStringInfo(buf, " USING %s", opname);
2626  /* Determine whether operator would be considered ASC or DESC */
2627  (void) get_equality_op_for_ordering_op(sortOperator, &reverse);
2628  }
2629 
2630  /* Add NULLS FIRST/LAST only if it wouldn't be default */
2631  if (nullsFirst && !reverse)
2632  {
2633  appendStringInfoString(buf, " NULLS FIRST");
2634  }
2635  else if (!nullsFirst && reverse)
2636  {
2637  appendStringInfoString(buf, " NULLS LAST");
2638  }
2639 }
2640 
2641 /*
2642  * Show TABLESAMPLE properties
2643  */
2644 static void
2645 show_tablesample(TableSampleClause *tsc, PlanState *planstate,
2646  List *ancestors, ExplainState *es)
2647 {
2648  List *context;
2649  bool useprefix;
2650  char *method_name;
2651  List *params = NIL;
2652  char *repeatable;
2653  ListCell *lc;
2654 
2655  /* Set up deparsing context */
2656  context = set_deparse_context_plan(es->deparse_cxt,
2657  planstate->plan,
2658  ancestors);
2659  useprefix = list_length(es->rtable) > 1;
2660 
2661  /* Get the tablesample method name */
2662  method_name = get_func_name(tsc->tsmhandler);
2663 
2664  /* Deparse parameter expressions */
2665  foreach(lc, tsc->args)
2666  {
2667  Node *arg = (Node *) lfirst(lc);
2668 
2669  params = lappend(params,
2670  deparse_expression(arg, context,
2671  useprefix, false));
2672  }
2673  if (tsc->repeatable)
2674  repeatable = deparse_expression((Node *) tsc->repeatable, context,
2675  useprefix, false);
2676  else
2677  repeatable = NULL;
2678 
2679  /* Print results */
2680  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
2681  {
2682  bool first = true;
2683 
2684  ExplainIndentText(es);
2685  appendStringInfo(es->str, "Sampling: %s (", method_name);
2686  foreach(lc, params)
2687  {
2688  if (!first)
2689  appendStringInfoString(es->str, ", ");
2690  appendStringInfoString(es->str, (const char *) lfirst(lc));
2691  first = false;
2692  }
2693  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, ')');
2694  if (repeatable)
2695  appendStringInfo(es->str, " REPEATABLE (%s)", repeatable);
2696  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '\n');
2697  }
2698  else
2699  {
2700  ExplainPropertyText("Sampling Method", method_name, es);
2701  ExplainPropertyList("Sampling Parameters", params, es);
2702  if (repeatable)
2703  ExplainPropertyText("Repeatable Seed", repeatable, es);
2704  }
2705 }
2706 
2707 /*
2708  * If it's EXPLAIN ANALYZE, show tuplesort stats for a sort node
2709  */
2710 static void
2711 show_sort_info(SortState *sortstate, ExplainState *es)
2712 {
2713  if (!es->analyze)
2714  return;
2715 
2716  if (sortstate->sort_Done && sortstate->tuplesortstate != NULL)
2717  {
2718  Tuplesortstate *state = (Tuplesortstate *) sortstate->tuplesortstate;
2719  TuplesortInstrumentation stats;
2720  const char *sortMethod;
2721  const char *spaceType;
2722  int64 spaceUsed;
2723 
2724  tuplesort_get_stats(state, &stats);
2725  sortMethod = tuplesort_method_name(stats.sortMethod);
2726  spaceType = tuplesort_space_type_name(stats.spaceType);
2727  spaceUsed = stats.spaceUsed;
2728 
2729  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
2730  {
2731  ExplainIndentText(es);
2732  appendStringInfo(es->str, "Sort Method: %s %s: " INT64_FORMAT "kB\n",
2733  sortMethod, spaceType, spaceUsed);
2734  }
2735  else
2736  {
2737  ExplainPropertyText("Sort Method", sortMethod, es);
2738  ExplainPropertyInteger("Sort Space Used", "kB", spaceUsed, es);
2739  ExplainPropertyText("Sort Space Type", spaceType, es);
2740  }
2741  }
2742 
2743  /*
2744  * You might think we should just skip this stanza entirely when
2745  * es->hide_workers is true, but then we'd get no sort-method output at
2746  * all. We have to make it look like worker 0's data is top-level data.
2747  * This is easily done by just skipping the OpenWorker/CloseWorker calls.
2748  * Currently, we don't worry about the possibility that there are multiple
2749  * workers in such a case; if there are, duplicate output fields will be
2750  * emitted.
2751  */
2752  if (sortstate->shared_info != NULL)
2753  {
2754  int n;
2755 
2756  for (n = 0; n < sortstate->shared_info->num_workers; n++)
2757  {
2758  TuplesortInstrumentation *sinstrument;
2759  const char *sortMethod;
2760  const char *spaceType;
2761  int64 spaceUsed;
2762 
2763  sinstrument = &sortstate->shared_info->sinstrument[n];
2764  if (sinstrument->sortMethod == SORT_TYPE_STILL_IN_PROGRESS)
2765  continue; /* ignore any unfilled slots */
2766  sortMethod = tuplesort_method_name(sinstrument->sortMethod);
2767  spaceType = tuplesort_space_type_name(sinstrument->spaceType);
2768  spaceUsed = sinstrument->spaceUsed;
2769 
2770  if (es->workers_state)
2771  ExplainOpenWorker(n, es);
2772 
2773  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
2774  {
2775  ExplainIndentText(es);
2776  appendStringInfo(es->str,
2777  "Sort Method: %s %s: " INT64_FORMAT "kB\n",
2778  sortMethod, spaceType, spaceUsed);
2779  }
2780  else
2781  {
2782  ExplainPropertyText("Sort Method", sortMethod, es);
2783  ExplainPropertyInteger("Sort Space Used", "kB", spaceUsed, es);
2784  ExplainPropertyText("Sort Space Type", spaceType, es);
2785  }
2786 
2787  if (es->workers_state)
2788  ExplainCloseWorker(n, es);
2789  }
2790  }
2791 }
2792 
2793 /*
2794  * Incremental sort nodes sort in (a potentially very large number of) batches,
2795  * so EXPLAIN ANALYZE needs to roll up the tuplesort stats from each batch into
2796  * an intelligible summary.
2797  *
2798  * This function is used for both a non-parallel node and each worker in a
2799  * parallel incremental sort node.
2800  */
2801 static void
2802 show_incremental_sort_group_info(IncrementalSortGroupInfo *groupInfo,
2803  const char *groupLabel, bool indent, ExplainState *es)
2804 {
2805  ListCell *methodCell;
2806  List *methodNames = NIL;
2807 
2808  /* Generate a list of sort methods used across all groups. */
2809  for (int bit = 0; bit < NUM_TUPLESORTMETHODS; bit++)
2810  {
2811  TuplesortMethod sortMethod = (1 << bit);
2812 
2813  if (groupInfo->sortMethods & sortMethod)
2814  {
2815  const char *methodName = tuplesort_method_name(sortMethod);
2816 
2817  methodNames = lappend(methodNames, unconstify(char *, methodName));
2818  }
2819  }
2820 
2821  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
2822  {
2823  if (indent)
2824  appendStringInfoSpaces(es->str, es->indent * 2);
2825  appendStringInfo(es->str, "%s Groups: " INT64_FORMAT " Sort Method", groupLabel,
2826  groupInfo->groupCount);
2827  /* plural/singular based on methodNames size */
2828  if (list_length(methodNames) > 1)
2829  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "s: ");
2830  else
2831  appendStringInfoString(es->str, ": ");
2832  foreach(methodCell, methodNames)
2833  {
2834  appendStringInfoString(es->str, (char *) methodCell->ptr_value);
2835  if (foreach_current_index(methodCell) < list_length(methodNames) - 1)
2836  appendStringInfoString(es->str, ", ");
2837  }
2838 
2839  if (groupInfo->maxMemorySpaceUsed > 0)
2840  {
2841  int64 avgSpace = groupInfo->totalMemorySpaceUsed / groupInfo->groupCount;
2842  const char *spaceTypeName;
2843 
2844  spaceTypeName = tuplesort_space_type_name(SORT_SPACE_TYPE_MEMORY);
2845  appendStringInfo(es->str, " Average %s: " INT64_FORMAT "kB Peak %s: " INT64_FORMAT "kB",
2846  spaceTypeName, avgSpace,
2847  spaceTypeName, groupInfo->maxMemorySpaceUsed);
2848  }
2849 
2850  if (groupInfo->maxDiskSpaceUsed > 0)
2851  {
2852  int64 avgSpace = groupInfo->totalDiskSpaceUsed / groupInfo->groupCount;
2853 
2854  const char *spaceTypeName;
2855 
2856  spaceTypeName = tuplesort_space_type_name(SORT_SPACE_TYPE_DISK);
2857  appendStringInfo(es->str, " Average %s: " INT64_FORMAT "kB Peak %s: " INT64_FORMAT "kB",
2858  spaceTypeName, avgSpace,
2859  spaceTypeName, groupInfo->maxDiskSpaceUsed);
2860  }
2861  }
2862  else
2863  {
2864  StringInfoData groupName;
2865 
2866  initStringInfo(&groupName);
2867  appendStringInfo(&groupName, "%s Groups", groupLabel);
2868  ExplainOpenGroup("Incremental Sort Groups", groupName.data, true, es);
2869  ExplainPropertyInteger("Group Count", NULL, groupInfo->groupCount, es);
2870 
2871  ExplainPropertyList("Sort Methods Used", methodNames, es);
2872 
2873  if (groupInfo->maxMemorySpaceUsed > 0)
2874  {
2875  int64 avgSpace = groupInfo->totalMemorySpaceUsed / groupInfo->groupCount;
2876  const char *spaceTypeName;
2877  StringInfoData memoryName;
2878 
2879  spaceTypeName = tuplesort_space_type_name(SORT_SPACE_TYPE_MEMORY);
2880  initStringInfo(&memoryName);
2881  appendStringInfo(&memoryName, "Sort Space %s", spaceTypeName);
2882  ExplainOpenGroup("Sort Space", memoryName.data, true, es);
2883 
2884  ExplainPropertyInteger("Average Sort Space Used", "kB", avgSpace, es);
2885  ExplainPropertyInteger("Peak Sort Space Used", "kB",
2886  groupInfo->maxMemorySpaceUsed, es);
2887 
2888  ExplainCloseGroup("Sort Space", memoryName.data, true, es);
2889  }
2890  if (groupInfo->maxDiskSpaceUsed > 0)
2891  {
2892  int64 avgSpace = groupInfo->totalDiskSpaceUsed / groupInfo->groupCount;
2893  const char *spaceTypeName;
2894  StringInfoData diskName;
2895 
2896  spaceTypeName = tuplesort_space_type_name(SORT_SPACE_TYPE_DISK);
2897  initStringInfo(&diskName);
2898  appendStringInfo(&diskName, "Sort Space %s", spaceTypeName);
2899  ExplainOpenGroup("Sort Space", diskName.data, true, es);
2900 
2901  ExplainPropertyInteger("Average Sort Space Used", "kB", avgSpace, es);
2902  ExplainPropertyInteger("Peak Sort Space Used", "kB",
2903  groupInfo->maxDiskSpaceUsed, es);
2904 
2905  ExplainCloseGroup("Sort Space", diskName.data, true, es);
2906  }
2907 
2908  ExplainCloseGroup("Incremental Sort Groups", groupName.data, true, es);
2909  }
2910 }
2911 
2912 /*
2913  * If it's EXPLAIN ANALYZE, show tuplesort stats for an incremental sort node
2914  */
2915 static void
2916 show_incremental_sort_info(IncrementalSortState *incrsortstate,
2917  ExplainState *es)
2918 {
2919  IncrementalSortGroupInfo *fullsortGroupInfo;
2920  IncrementalSortGroupInfo *prefixsortGroupInfo;
2921 
2922  fullsortGroupInfo = &incrsortstate->incsort_info.fullsortGroupInfo;
2923 
2924  if (!es->analyze)
2925  return;
2926 
2927  /*
2928  * Since we never have any prefix groups unless we've first sorted a full
2929  * groups and transitioned modes (copying the tuples into a prefix group),
2930  * we don't need to do anything if there were 0 full groups.
2931  *
2932  * We still have to continue after this block if there are no full groups,
2933  * though, since it's possible that we have workers that did real work
2934  * even if the leader didn't participate.
2935  */
2936  if (fullsortGroupInfo->groupCount > 0)
2937  {
2938  show_incremental_sort_group_info(fullsortGroupInfo, "Full-sort", true, es);
2939  prefixsortGroupInfo = &incrsortstate->incsort_info.prefixsortGroupInfo;
2940  if (prefixsortGroupInfo->groupCount > 0)
2941  {
2942  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
2943  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '\n');
2944  show_incremental_sort_group_info(prefixsortGroupInfo, "Pre-sorted", true, es);
2945  }
2946  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
2947  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '\n');
2948  }
2949 
2950  if (incrsortstate->shared_info != NULL)
2951  {
2952  int n;
2953  bool indent_first_line;
2954 
2955  for (n = 0; n < incrsortstate->shared_info->num_workers; n++)
2956  {
2957  IncrementalSortInfo *incsort_info =
2958  &incrsortstate->shared_info->sinfo[n];
2959 
2960  /*
2961  * If a worker hasn't processed any sort groups at all, then
2962  * exclude it from output since it either didn't launch or didn't
2963  * contribute anything meaningful.
2964  */
2965  fullsortGroupInfo = &incsort_info->fullsortGroupInfo;
2966 
2967  /*
2968  * Since we never have any prefix groups unless we've first sorted
2969  * a full groups and transitioned modes (copying the tuples into a
2970  * prefix group), we don't need to do anything if there were 0
2971  * full groups.
2972  */
2973  if (fullsortGroupInfo->groupCount == 0)
2974  continue;
2975 
2976  if (es->workers_state)
2977  ExplainOpenWorker(n, es);
2978 
2979  indent_first_line = es->workers_state == NULL || es->verbose;
2980  show_incremental_sort_group_info(fullsortGroupInfo, "Full-sort",
2981  indent_first_line, es);
2982  prefixsortGroupInfo = &incsort_info->prefixsortGroupInfo;
2983  if (prefixsortGroupInfo->groupCount > 0)
2984  {
2985  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
2986  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '\n');
2987  show_incremental_sort_group_info(prefixsortGroupInfo, "Pre-sorted", true, es);
2988  }
2989  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
2990  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '\n');
2991 
2992  if (es->workers_state)
2993  ExplainCloseWorker(n, es);
2994  }
2995  }
2996 }
2997 
2998 /*
2999  * Show information on hash buckets/batches.
3000  */
3001 static void
3002 show_hash_info(HashState *hashstate, ExplainState *es)
3003 {
3004  HashInstrumentation hinstrument = {0};
3005 
3006  /*
3007  * Collect stats from the local process, even when it's a parallel query.
3008  * In a parallel query, the leader process may or may not have run the
3009  * hash join, and even if it did it may not have built a hash table due to
3010  * timing (if it started late it might have seen no tuples in the outer
3011  * relation and skipped building the hash table). Therefore we have to be
3012  * prepared to get instrumentation data from all participants.
3013  */
3014  if (hashstate->hinstrument)
3015  memcpy(&hinstrument, hashstate->hinstrument,
3016  sizeof(HashInstrumentation));
3017 
3018  /*
3019  * Merge results from workers. In the parallel-oblivious case, the
3020  * results from all participants should be identical, except where
3021  * participants didn't run the join at all so have no data. In the
3022  * parallel-aware case, we need to consider all the results. Each worker
3023  * may have seen a different subset of batches and we want to report the
3024  * highest memory usage across all batches. We take the maxima of other
3025  * values too, for the same reasons as in ExecHashAccumInstrumentation.
3026  */
3027  if (hashstate->shared_info)
3028  {
3029  SharedHashInfo *shared_info = hashstate->shared_info;
3030  int i;
3031 
3032  for (i = 0; i < shared_info->num_workers; ++i)
3033  {
3034  HashInstrumentation *worker_hi = &shared_info->hinstrument[i];
3035 
3036  hinstrument.nbuckets = Max(hinstrument.nbuckets,
3037  worker_hi->nbuckets);
3038  hinstrument.nbuckets_original = Max(hinstrument.nbuckets_original,
3039  worker_hi->nbuckets_original);
3040  hinstrument.nbatch = Max(hinstrument.nbatch,
3041  worker_hi->nbatch);
3042  hinstrument.nbatch_original = Max(hinstrument.nbatch_original,
3043  worker_hi->nbatch_original);
3044  hinstrument.space_peak = Max(hinstrument.space_peak,
3045  worker_hi->space_peak);
3046  }
3047  }
3048 
3049  if (hinstrument.nbatch > 0)
3050  {
3051  long spacePeakKb = (hinstrument.space_peak + 1023) / 1024;
3052 
3053  if (es->format != EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
3054  {
3055  ExplainPropertyInteger("Hash Buckets", NULL,
3056  hinstrument.nbuckets, es);
3057  ExplainPropertyInteger("Original Hash Buckets", NULL,
3058  hinstrument.nbuckets_original, es);
3059  ExplainPropertyInteger("Hash Batches", NULL,
3060  hinstrument.nbatch, es);
3061  ExplainPropertyInteger("Original Hash Batches", NULL,
3062  hinstrument.nbatch_original, es);
3063  ExplainPropertyInteger("Peak Memory Usage", "kB",
3064  spacePeakKb, es);
3065  }
3066  else if (hinstrument.nbatch_original != hinstrument.nbatch ||
3067  hinstrument.nbuckets_original != hinstrument.nbuckets)
3068  {
3069  ExplainIndentText(es);
3070  appendStringInfo(es->str,
3071  "Buckets: %d (originally %d) Batches: %d (originally %d) Memory Usage: %ldkB\n",
3072  hinstrument.nbuckets,
3073  hinstrument.nbuckets_original,
3074  hinstrument.nbatch,
3075  hinstrument.nbatch_original,
3076  spacePeakKb);
3077  }
3078  else
3079  {
3080  ExplainIndentText(es);
3081  appendStringInfo(es->str,
3082  "Buckets: %d Batches: %d Memory Usage: %ldkB\n",
3083  hinstrument.nbuckets, hinstrument.nbatch,
3084  spacePeakKb);
3085  }
3086  }
3087 }
3088 
3089 /*
3090  * Show information on memoize hits/misses/evictions and memory usage.
3091  */
3092 static void
3093 show_memoize_info(MemoizeState *mstate, List *ancestors, ExplainState *es)
3094 {
3095  Plan *plan = ((PlanState *) mstate)->plan;
3096  ListCell *lc;
3097  List *context;
3098  StringInfoData keystr;
3099  char *seperator = "";
3100  bool useprefix;
3101  int64 memPeakKb;
3102 
3103  initStringInfo(&keystr);
3104 
3105  /*
3106  * It's hard to imagine having a memoize node with fewer than 2 RTEs, but
3107  * let's just keep the same useprefix logic as elsewhere in this file.
3108  */
3109  useprefix = list_length(es->rtable) > 1 || es->verbose;
3110 
3111  /* Set up deparsing context */
3112  context = set_deparse_context_plan(es->deparse_cxt,
3113  plan,
3114  ancestors);
3115 
3116  foreach(lc, ((Memoize *) plan)->param_exprs)
3117  {
3118  Node *expr = (Node *) lfirst(lc);
3119 
3120  appendStringInfoString(&keystr, seperator);
3121 
3122  appendStringInfoString(&keystr, deparse_expression(expr, context,
3123  useprefix, false));
3124  seperator = ", ";
3125  }
3126 
3127  if (es->format != EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
3128  {
3129  ExplainPropertyText("Cache Key", keystr.data, es);
3130  }
3131  else
3132  {
3133  ExplainIndentText(es);
3134  appendStringInfo(es->str, "Cache Key: %s\n", keystr.data);
3135  }
3136 
3137  pfree(keystr.data);
3138 
3139  if (!es->analyze)
3140  return;
3141 
3142  if (mstate->stats.cache_misses > 0)
3143  {
3144  /*
3145  * mem_peak is only set when we freed memory, so we must use mem_used
3146  * when mem_peak is 0.
3147  */
3148  if (mstate->stats.mem_peak > 0)
3149  memPeakKb = (mstate->stats.mem_peak + 1023) / 1024;
3150  else
3151  memPeakKb = (mstate->mem_used + 1023) / 1024;
3152 
3153  if (es->format != EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
3154  {
3155  ExplainPropertyInteger("Cache Hits", NULL, mstate->stats.cache_hits, es);
3156  ExplainPropertyInteger("Cache Misses", NULL, mstate->stats.cache_misses, es);
3157  ExplainPropertyInteger("Cache Evictions", NULL, mstate->stats.cache_evictions, es);
3158  ExplainPropertyInteger("Cache Overflows", NULL, mstate->stats.cache_overflows, es);
3159  ExplainPropertyInteger("Peak Memory Usage", "kB", memPeakKb, es);
3160  }
3161  else
3162  {
3163  ExplainIndentText(es);
3164  appendStringInfo(es->str,
3165  "Hits: " UINT64_FORMAT " Misses: " UINT64_FORMAT " Evictions: " UINT64_FORMAT " Overflows: " UINT64_FORMAT " Memory Usage: " INT64_FORMAT "kB\n",
3166  mstate->stats.cache_hits,
3167  mstate->stats.cache_misses,
3168  mstate->stats.cache_evictions,
3169  mstate->stats.cache_overflows,
3170  memPeakKb);
3171  }
3172  }
3173 
3174  if (mstate->shared_info == NULL)
3175  return;
3176 
3177  /* Show details from parallel workers */
3178  for (int n = 0; n < mstate->shared_info->num_workers; n++)
3179  {
3180  MemoizeInstrumentation *si;
3181 
3182  si = &mstate->shared_info->sinstrument[n];
3183 
3184  /*
3185  * Skip workers that didn't do any work. We needn't bother checking
3186  * for cache hits as a miss will always occur before a cache hit.
3187  */
3188  if (si->cache_misses == 0)
3189  continue;
3190 
3191  if (es->workers_state)
3192  ExplainOpenWorker(n, es);
3193 
3194  /*
3195  * Since the worker's MemoizeState.mem_used field is unavailable to
3196  * us, ExecEndMemoize will have set the
3197  * MemoizeInstrumentation.mem_peak field for us. No need to do the
3198  * zero checks like we did for the serial case above.
3199  */
3200  memPeakKb = (si->mem_peak + 1023) / 1024;
3201 
3202  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
3203  {
3204  ExplainIndentText(es);
3205  appendStringInfo(es->str,
3206  "Hits: " UINT64_FORMAT " Misses: " UINT64_FORMAT " Evictions: " UINT64_FORMAT " Overflows: " UINT64_FORMAT " Memory Usage: " INT64_FORMAT "kB\n",
3207  si->cache_hits, si->cache_misses,
3208  si->cache_evictions, si->cache_overflows,
3209  memPeakKb);
3210  }
3211  else
3212  {
3213  ExplainPropertyInteger("Cache Hits", NULL,
3214  si->cache_hits, es);
3215  ExplainPropertyInteger("Cache Misses", NULL,
3216  si->cache_misses, es);
3217  ExplainPropertyInteger("Cache Evictions", NULL,
3218  si->cache_evictions, es);
3219  ExplainPropertyInteger("Cache Overflows", NULL,
3220  si->cache_overflows, es);
3221  ExplainPropertyInteger("Peak Memory Usage", "kB", memPeakKb,
3222  es);
3223  }
3224 
3225  if (es->workers_state)
3226  ExplainCloseWorker(n, es);
3227  }
3228 }
3229 
3230 /*
3231  * Show information on hash aggregate memory usage and batches.
3232  */
3233 static void
3234 show_hashagg_info(AggState *aggstate, ExplainState *es)
3235 {
3236  Agg *agg = (Agg *) aggstate->ss.ps.plan;
3237  int64 memPeakKb = (aggstate->hash_mem_peak + 1023) / 1024;
3238 
3239  if (agg->aggstrategy != AGG_HASHED &&
3240  agg->aggstrategy != AGG_MIXED)
3241  return;
3242 
3243  if (es->format != EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
3244  {
3245 
3246  if (es->costs)
3247  ExplainPropertyInteger("Planned Partitions", NULL,
3248  aggstate->hash_planned_partitions, es);
3249 
3250  /*
3251  * During parallel query the leader may have not helped out. We
3252  * detect this by checking how much memory it used. If we find it
3253  * didn't do any work then we don't show its properties.
3254  */
3255  if (es->analyze && aggstate->hash_mem_peak > 0)
3256  {
3257  ExplainPropertyInteger("HashAgg Batches", NULL,
3258  aggstate->hash_batches_used, es);
3259  ExplainPropertyInteger("Peak Memory Usage", "kB", memPeakKb, es);
3260  ExplainPropertyInteger("Disk Usage", "kB",
3261  aggstate->hash_disk_used, es);
3262  }
3263  }
3264  else
3265  {
3266  bool gotone = false;
3267 
3268  if (es->costs && aggstate->hash_planned_partitions > 0)
3269  {
3270  ExplainIndentText(es);
3271  appendStringInfo(es->str, "Planned Partitions: %d",
3272  aggstate->hash_planned_partitions);
3273  gotone = true;
3274  }
3275 
3276  /*
3277  * During parallel query the leader may have not helped out. We
3278  * detect this by checking how much memory it used. If we find it
3279  * didn't do any work then we don't show its properties.
3280  */
3281  if (es->analyze && aggstate->hash_mem_peak > 0)
3282  {
3283  if (!gotone)
3284  ExplainIndentText(es);
3285  else
3286  appendStringInfoString(es->str, " ");
3287 
3288  appendStringInfo(es->str, "Batches: %d Memory Usage: " INT64_FORMAT "kB",
3289  aggstate->hash_batches_used, memPeakKb);
3290  gotone = true;
3291 
3292  /* Only display disk usage if we spilled to disk */
3293  if (aggstate->hash_batches_used > 1)
3294  {
3295  appendStringInfo(es->str, " Disk Usage: " UINT64_FORMAT "kB",
3296  aggstate->hash_disk_used);
3297  }
3298  }
3299 
3300  if (gotone)
3301  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '\n');
3302  }
3303 
3304  /* Display stats for each parallel worker */
3305  if (es->analyze && aggstate->shared_info != NULL)
3306  {
3307  for (int n = 0; n < aggstate->shared_info->num_workers; n++)
3308  {
3309  AggregateInstrumentation *sinstrument;
3310  uint64 hash_disk_used;
3311  int hash_batches_used;
3312 
3313  sinstrument = &aggstate->shared_info->sinstrument[n];
3314  /* Skip workers that didn't do anything */
3315  if (sinstrument->hash_mem_peak == 0)
3316  continue;
3317  hash_disk_used = sinstrument->hash_disk_used;
3318  hash_batches_used = sinstrument->hash_batches_used;
3319  memPeakKb = (sinstrument->hash_mem_peak + 1023) / 1024;
3320 
3321  if (es->workers_state)
3322  ExplainOpenWorker(n, es);
3323 
3324  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
3325  {
3326  ExplainIndentText(es);
3327 
3328  appendStringInfo(es->str, "Batches: %d Memory Usage: " INT64_FORMAT "kB",
3329  hash_batches_used, memPeakKb);
3330 
3331  /* Only display disk usage if we spilled to disk */
3332  if (hash_batches_used > 1)
3333  appendStringInfo(es->str, " Disk Usage: " UINT64_FORMAT "kB",
3334  hash_disk_used);
3335  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '\n');
3336  }
3337  else
3338  {
3339  ExplainPropertyInteger("HashAgg Batches", NULL,
3340  hash_batches_used, es);
3341  ExplainPropertyInteger("Peak Memory Usage", "kB", memPeakKb,
3342  es);
3343  ExplainPropertyInteger("Disk Usage", "kB", hash_disk_used, es);
3344  }
3345 
3346  if (es->workers_state)
3347  ExplainCloseWorker(n, es);
3348  }
3349  }
3350 }
3351 
3352 /*
3353  * If it's EXPLAIN ANALYZE, show exact/lossy pages for a BitmapHeapScan node
3354  */
3355 static void
3356 show_tidbitmap_info(BitmapHeapScanState *planstate, ExplainState *es)
3357 {
3358  if (es->format != EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
3359  {
3360  ExplainPropertyInteger("Exact Heap Blocks", NULL,
3361  planstate->exact_pages, es);
3362  ExplainPropertyInteger("Lossy Heap Blocks", NULL,
3363  planstate->lossy_pages, es);
3364  }
3365  else
3366  {
3367  if (planstate->exact_pages > 0 || planstate->lossy_pages > 0)
3368  {
3369  ExplainIndentText(es);
3370  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "Heap Blocks:");
3371  if (planstate->exact_pages > 0)
3372  appendStringInfo(es->str, " exact=%ld", planstate->exact_pages);
3373  if (planstate->lossy_pages > 0)
3374  appendStringInfo(es->str, " lossy=%ld", planstate->lossy_pages);
3375  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '\n');
3376  }
3377  }
3378 }
3379 
3380 /*
3381  * If it's EXPLAIN ANALYZE, show instrumentation information for a plan node
3382  *
3383  * "which" identifies which instrumentation counter to print
3384  */
3385 static void
3386 show_instrumentation_count(const char *qlabel, int which,
3387  PlanState *planstate, ExplainState *es)
3388 {
3389  double nfiltered;
3390  double nloops;
3391 
3392  if (!es->analyze || !planstate->instrument)
3393  return;
3394 
3395  if (which == 2)
3396  nfiltered = planstate->instrument->nfiltered2;
3397  else
3398  nfiltered = planstate->instrument->nfiltered1;
3399  nloops = planstate->instrument->nloops;
3400 
3401  /* In text mode, suppress zero counts; they're not interesting enough */
3402  if (nfiltered > 0 || es->format != EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
3403  {
3404  if (nloops > 0)
3405  ExplainPropertyFloat(qlabel, NULL, nfiltered / nloops, 0, es);
3406  else
3407  ExplainPropertyFloat(qlabel, NULL, 0.0, 0, es);
3408  }
3409 }
3410 
3411 /*
3412  * Show extra information for a ForeignScan node.
3413  */
3414 static void
3415 show_foreignscan_info(ForeignScanState *fsstate, ExplainState *es)
3416 {
3417  FdwRoutine *fdwroutine = fsstate->fdwroutine;
3418 
3419  /* Let the FDW emit whatever fields it wants */
3420  if (((ForeignScan *) fsstate->ss.ps.plan)->operation != CMD_SELECT)
3421  {
3422  if (fdwroutine->ExplainDirectModify != NULL)
3423  fdwroutine->ExplainDirectModify(fsstate, es);
3424  }
3425  else
3426  {
3427  if (fdwroutine->ExplainForeignScan != NULL)
3428  fdwroutine->ExplainForeignScan(fsstate, es);
3429  }
3430 }
3431 
3432 /*
3433  * Show initplan params evaluated at Gather or Gather Merge node.
3434  */
3435 static void
3436 show_eval_params(Bitmapset *bms_params, ExplainState *es)
3437 {
3438  int paramid = -1;
3439  List *params = NIL;
3440 
3441  Assert(bms_params);
3442 
3443  while ((paramid = bms_next_member(bms_params, paramid)) >= 0)
3444  {
3445  char param[32];
3446 
3447  snprintf(param, sizeof(param), "$%d", paramid);
3448  params = lappend(params, pstrdup(param));
3449  }
3450 
3451  if (params)
3452  ExplainPropertyList("Params Evaluated", params, es);
3453 }
3454 
3455 /*
3456  * Fetch the name of an index in an EXPLAIN
3457  *
3458  * We allow plugins to get control here so that plans involving hypothetical
3459  * indexes can be explained.
3460  *
3461  * Note: names returned by this function should be "raw"; the caller will
3462  * apply quoting if needed. Formerly the convention was to do quoting here,
3463  * but we don't want that in non-text output formats.
3464  */
3465 static const char *
3466 explain_get_index_name(Oid indexId)
3467 {
3468  const char *result;
3469 
3470  if (explain_get_index_name_hook)
3471  result = (*explain_get_index_name_hook) (indexId);
3472  else
3473  result = NULL;
3474  if (result == NULL)
3475  {
3476  /* default behavior: look it up in the catalogs */
3477  result = get_rel_name(indexId);
3478  if (result == NULL)
3479  elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for index %u", indexId);
3480  }
3481  return result;
3482 }
3483 
3484 /*
3485  * Show buffer usage details.
3486  */
3487 static void
3488 show_buffer_usage(ExplainState *es, const BufferUsage *usage, bool planning)
3489 {
3490  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
3491  {
3492  bool has_shared = (usage->shared_blks_hit > 0 ||
3493  usage->shared_blks_read > 0 ||
3494  usage->shared_blks_dirtied > 0 ||
3495  usage->shared_blks_written > 0);
3496  bool has_local = (usage->local_blks_hit > 0 ||
3497  usage->local_blks_read > 0 ||
3498  usage->local_blks_dirtied > 0 ||
3499  usage->local_blks_written > 0);
3500  bool has_temp = (usage->temp_blks_read > 0 ||
3501  usage->temp_blks_written > 0);
3502  bool has_timing = (!INSTR_TIME_IS_ZERO(usage->blk_read_time) ||
3503  !INSTR_TIME_IS_ZERO(usage->blk_write_time));
3504  bool show_planning = (planning && (has_shared ||
3505  has_local || has_temp || has_timing));
3506 
3507  if (show_planning)
3508  {
3509  ExplainIndentText(es);
3510  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "Planning:\n");
3511  es->indent++;
3512  }
3513 
3514  /* Show only positive counter values. */
3515  if (has_shared || has_local || has_temp)
3516  {
3517  ExplainIndentText(es);
3518  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "Buffers:");
3519 
3520  if (has_shared)
3521  {
3522  appendStringInfoString(es->str, " shared");
3523  if (usage->shared_blks_hit > 0)
3524  appendStringInfo(es->str, " hit=%lld",
3525  (long long) usage->shared_blks_hit);
3526  if (usage->shared_blks_read > 0)
3527  appendStringInfo(es->str, " read=%lld",
3528  (long long) usage->shared_blks_read);
3529  if (usage->shared_blks_dirtied > 0)
3530  appendStringInfo(es->str, " dirtied=%lld",
3531  (long long) usage->shared_blks_dirtied);
3532  if (usage->shared_blks_written > 0)
3533  appendStringInfo(es->str, " written=%lld",
3534  (long long) usage->shared_blks_written);
3535  if (has_local || has_temp)
3536  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, ',');
3537  }
3538  if (has_local)
3539  {
3540  appendStringInfoString(es->str, " local");
3541  if (usage->local_blks_hit > 0)
3542  appendStringInfo(es->str, " hit=%lld",
3543  (long long) usage->local_blks_hit);
3544  if (usage->local_blks_read > 0)
3545  appendStringInfo(es->str, " read=%lld",
3546  (long long) usage->local_blks_read);
3547  if (usage->local_blks_dirtied > 0)
3548  appendStringInfo(es->str, " dirtied=%lld",
3549  (long long) usage->local_blks_dirtied);
3550  if (usage->local_blks_written > 0)
3551  appendStringInfo(es->str, " written=%lld",
3552  (long long) usage->local_blks_written);
3553  if (has_temp)
3554  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, ',');
3555  }
3556  if (has_temp)
3557  {
3558  appendStringInfoString(es->str, " temp");
3559  if (usage->temp_blks_read > 0)
3560  appendStringInfo(es->str, " read=%lld",
3561  (long long) usage->temp_blks_read);
3562  if (usage->temp_blks_written > 0)
3563  appendStringInfo(es->str, " written=%lld",
3564  (long long) usage->temp_blks_written);
3565  }
3566  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '\n');
3567  }
3568 
3569  /* As above, show only positive counter values. */
3570  if (has_timing)
3571  {
3572  ExplainIndentText(es);
3573  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "I/O Timings:");
3574  if (!INSTR_TIME_IS_ZERO(usage->blk_read_time))
3575  appendStringInfo(es->str, " read=%0.3f",
3576  INSTR_TIME_GET_MILLISEC(usage->blk_read_time));
3577  if (!INSTR_TIME_IS_ZERO(usage->blk_write_time))
3578  appendStringInfo(es->str, " write=%0.3f",
3579  INSTR_TIME_GET_MILLISEC(usage->blk_write_time));
3580  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '\n');
3581  }
3582 
3583  if (show_planning)
3584  es->indent--;
3585  }
3586  else
3587  {
3588  ExplainPropertyInteger("Shared Hit Blocks", NULL,
3589  usage->shared_blks_hit, es);
3590  ExplainPropertyInteger("Shared Read Blocks", NULL,
3591  usage->shared_blks_read, es);
3592  ExplainPropertyInteger("Shared Dirtied Blocks", NULL,
3593  usage->shared_blks_dirtied, es);
3594  ExplainPropertyInteger("Shared Written Blocks", NULL,
3595  usage->shared_blks_written, es);
3596  ExplainPropertyInteger("Local Hit Blocks", NULL,
3597  usage->local_blks_hit, es);
3598  ExplainPropertyInteger("Local Read Blocks", NULL,
3599  usage->local_blks_read, es);
3600  ExplainPropertyInteger("Local Dirtied Blocks", NULL,
3601  usage->local_blks_dirtied, es);
3602  ExplainPropertyInteger("Local Written Blocks", NULL,
3603  usage->local_blks_written, es);
3604  ExplainPropertyInteger("Temp Read Blocks", NULL,
3605  usage->temp_blks_read, es);
3606  ExplainPropertyInteger("Temp Written Blocks", NULL,
3607  usage->temp_blks_written, es);
3608  if (track_io_timing)
3609  {
3610  ExplainPropertyFloat("I/O Read Time", "ms",
3611  INSTR_TIME_GET_MILLISEC(usage->blk_read_time),
3612  3, es);
3613  ExplainPropertyFloat("I/O Write Time", "ms",
3614  INSTR_TIME_GET_MILLISEC(usage->blk_write_time),
3615  3, es);
3616  }
3617  }
3618 }
3619 
3620 /*
3621  * Show WAL usage details.
3622  */
3623 static void
3624 show_wal_usage(ExplainState *es, const WalUsage *usage)
3625 {
3626  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
3627  {
3628  /* Show only positive counter values. */
3629  if ((usage->wal_records > 0) || (usage->wal_fpi > 0) ||
3630  (usage->wal_bytes > 0))
3631  {
3632  ExplainIndentText(es);
3633  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "WAL:");
3634 
3635  if (usage->wal_records > 0)
3636  appendStringInfo(es->str, " records=%lld",
3637  (long long) usage->wal_records);
3638  if (usage->wal_fpi > 0)
3639  appendStringInfo(es->str, " fpi=%lld",
3640  (long long) usage->wal_fpi);
3641  if (usage->wal_bytes > 0)
3642  appendStringInfo(es->str, " bytes=" UINT64_FORMAT,
3643  usage->wal_bytes);
3644  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '\n');
3645  }
3646  }
3647  else
3648  {
3649  ExplainPropertyInteger("WAL Records", NULL,
3650  usage->wal_records, es);
3651  ExplainPropertyInteger("WAL FPI", NULL,
3652  usage->wal_fpi, es);
3653  ExplainPropertyUInteger("WAL Bytes", NULL,
3654  usage->wal_bytes, es);
3655  }
3656 }
3657 
3658 /*
3659  * Add some additional details about an IndexScan or IndexOnlyScan
3660  */
3661 static void
3662 ExplainIndexScanDetails(Oid indexid, ScanDirection indexorderdir,
3663  ExplainState *es)
3664 {
3665  const char *indexname = explain_get_index_name(indexid);
3666 
3667  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
3668  {
3669  if (ScanDirectionIsBackward(indexorderdir))
3670  appendStringInfoString(es->str, " Backward");
3671  appendStringInfo(es->str, " using %s", quote_identifier(indexname));
3672  }
3673  else
3674  {
3675  const char *scandir;
3676 
3677  switch (indexorderdir)
3678  {
3679  case BackwardScanDirection:
3680  scandir = "Backward";
3681  break;
3682  case NoMovementScanDirection:
3683  scandir = "NoMovement";
3684  break;
3685  case ForwardScanDirection:
3686  scandir = "Forward";
3687  break;
3688  default:
3689  scandir = "???";
3690  break;
3691  }
3692  ExplainPropertyText("Scan Direction", scandir, es);
3693  ExplainPropertyText("Index Name", indexname, es);
3694  }
3695 }
3696 
3697 /*
3698  * Show the target of a Scan node
3699  */
3700 static void
3701 ExplainScanTarget(Scan *plan, ExplainState *es)
3702 {
3703  ExplainTargetRel((Plan *) plan, plan->scanrelid, es);
3704 }
3705 
3706 /*
3707  * Show the target of a ModifyTable node
3708  *
3709  * Here we show the nominal target (ie, the relation that was named in the
3710  * original query). If the actual target(s) is/are different, we'll show them
3711  * in show_modifytable_info().
3712  */
3713 static void
3714 ExplainModifyTarget(ModifyTable *plan, ExplainState *es)
3715 {
3716  ExplainTargetRel((Plan *) plan, plan->nominalRelation, es);
3717 }
3718 
3719 /*
3720  * Show the target relation of a scan or modify node
3721  */
3722 static void
3723 ExplainTargetRel(Plan *plan, Index rti, ExplainState *es)
3724 {
3725  char *objectname = NULL;
3726  char *namespace = NULL;
3727  const char *objecttag = NULL;
3728  RangeTblEntry *rte;
3729  char *refname;
3730 
3731  rte = rt_fetch(rti, es->rtable);
3732  refname = (char *) list_nth(es->rtable_names, rti - 1);
3733  if (refname == NULL)
3734  refname = rte->eref->aliasname;
3735 
3736  switch (nodeTag(plan))
3737  {
3738  case T_SeqScan:
3739  case T_SampleScan:
3740  case T_IndexScan:
3741  case T_IndexOnlyScan:
3742  case T_BitmapHeapScan:
3743  case T_TidScan:
3744  case T_TidRangeScan:
3745  case T_ForeignScan:
3746  case T_CustomScan:
3747  case T_ModifyTable:
3748  /* Assert it's on a real relation */
3749  Assert(rte->rtekind == RTE_RELATION);
3750  objectname = get_rel_name(rte->relid);
3751  if (es->verbose)
3752  namespace = get_namespace_name_or_temp(get_rel_namespace(rte->relid));
3753  objecttag = "Relation Name";
3754  break;
3755  case T_FunctionScan:
3756  {
3757  FunctionScan *fscan = (FunctionScan *) plan;
3758 
3759  /* Assert it's on a RangeFunction */
3760  Assert(rte->rtekind == RTE_FUNCTION);
3761 
3762  /*
3763  * If the expression is still a function call of a single
3764  * function, we can get the real name of the function.
3765  * Otherwise, punt. (Even if it was a single function call
3766  * originally, the optimizer could have simplified it away.)
3767  */
3768  if (list_length(fscan->functions) == 1)
3769  {
3770  RangeTblFunction *rtfunc = (RangeTblFunction *) linitial(fscan->functions);
3771 
3772  if (IsA(rtfunc->funcexpr, FuncExpr))
3773  {
3774  FuncExpr *funcexpr = (FuncExpr *) rtfunc->funcexpr;
3775  Oid funcid = funcexpr->funcid;
3776 
3777  objectname = get_func_name(funcid);
3778  if (es->verbose)
3779  namespace = get_namespace_name_or_temp(get_func_namespace(funcid));
3780  }
3781  }
3782  objecttag = "Function Name";
3783  }
3784  break;
3785  case T_TableFuncScan:
3786  Assert(rte->rtekind == RTE_TABLEFUNC);
3787  objectname = "xmltable";
3788  objecttag = "Table Function Name";
3789  break;
3790  case T_ValuesScan:
3791  Assert(rte->rtekind == RTE_VALUES);
3792  break;
3793  case T_CteScan:
3794  /* Assert it's on a non-self-reference CTE */
3795  Assert(rte->rtekind == RTE_CTE);
3796  Assert(!rte->self_reference);
3797  objectname = rte->ctename;
3798  objecttag = "CTE Name";
3799  break;
3800  case T_NamedTuplestoreScan:
3801  Assert(rte->rtekind == RTE_NAMEDTUPLESTORE);
3802  objectname = rte->enrname;
3803  objecttag = "Tuplestore Name";
3804  break;
3805  case T_WorkTableScan:
3806  /* Assert it's on a self-reference CTE */
3807  Assert(rte->rtekind == RTE_CTE);
3808  Assert(rte->self_reference);
3809  objectname = rte->ctename;
3810  objecttag = "CTE Name";
3811  break;
3812  default:
3813  break;
3814  }
3815 
3816  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
3817  {
3818  appendStringInfoString(es->str, " on");
3819  if (namespace != NULL)
3820  appendStringInfo(es->str, " %s.%s", quote_identifier(namespace),
3821  quote_identifier(objectname));
3822  else if (objectname != NULL)
3823  appendStringInfo(es->str, " %s", quote_identifier(objectname));
3824  if (objectname == NULL || strcmp(refname, objectname) != 0)
3825  appendStringInfo(es->str, " %s", quote_identifier(refname));
3826  }
3827  else
3828  {
3829  if (objecttag != NULL && objectname != NULL)
3830  ExplainPropertyText(objecttag, objectname, es);
3831  if (namespace != NULL)
3832  ExplainPropertyText("Schema", namespace, es);
3833  ExplainPropertyText("Alias", refname, es);
3834  }
3835 }
3836 
3837 /*
3838  * Show extra information for a ModifyTable node
3839  *
3840  * We have three objectives here. First, if there's more than one target
3841  * table or it's different from the nominal target, identify the actual
3842  * target(s). Second, give FDWs a chance to display extra info about foreign
3843  * targets. Third, show information about ON CONFLICT.
3844  */
3845 static void
3846 show_modifytable_info(ModifyTableState *mtstate, List *ancestors,
3847  ExplainState *es)
3848 {
3849  ModifyTable *node = (ModifyTable *) mtstate->ps.plan;
3850  const char *operation;
3851  const char *foperation;
3852  bool labeltargets;
3853  int j;
3854  List *idxNames = NIL;
3855  ListCell *lst;
3856 
3857  switch (node->operation)
3858  {
3859  case CMD_INSERT:
3860  operation = "Insert";
3861  foperation = "Foreign Insert";
3862  break;
3863  case CMD_UPDATE:
3864  operation = "Update";
3865  foperation = "Foreign Update";
3866  break;
3867  case CMD_DELETE:
3868  operation = "Delete";
3869  foperation = "Foreign Delete";
3870  break;
3871  default:
3872  operation = "???";
3873  foperation = "Foreign ???";
3874  break;
3875  }
3876 
3877  /* Should we explicitly label target relations? */
3878  labeltargets = (mtstate->mt_nrels > 1 ||
3879  (mtstate->mt_nrels == 1 &&
3880  mtstate->resultRelInfo[0].ri_RangeTableIndex != node->nominalRelation));
3881 
3882  if (labeltargets)
3883  ExplainOpenGroup("Target Tables", "Target Tables", false, es);
3884 
3885  for (j = 0; j < mtstate->mt_nrels; j++)
3886  {
3887  ResultRelInfo *resultRelInfo = mtstate->resultRelInfo + j;
3888  FdwRoutine *fdwroutine = resultRelInfo->ri_FdwRoutine;
3889 
3890  if (labeltargets)
3891  {
3892  /* Open a group for this target */
3893  ExplainOpenGroup("Target Table", NULL, true, es);
3894 
3895  /*
3896  * In text mode, decorate each target with operation type, so that
3897  * ExplainTargetRel's output of " on foo" will read nicely.
3898  */
3899  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
3900  {
3901  ExplainIndentText(es);
3902  appendStringInfoString(es->str,
3903  fdwroutine ? foperation : operation);
3904  }
3905 
3906  /* Identify target */
3907  ExplainTargetRel((Plan *) node,
3908  resultRelInfo->ri_RangeTableIndex,
3909  es);
3910 
3911  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
3912  {
3913  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '\n');
3914  es->indent++;
3915  }
3916  }
3917 
3918  /* Give FDW a chance if needed */
3919  if (!resultRelInfo->ri_usesFdwDirectModify &&
3920  fdwroutine != NULL &&
3921  fdwroutine->ExplainForeignModify != NULL)
3922  {
3923  List *fdw_private = (List *) list_nth(node->fdwPrivLists, j);
3924 
3925  fdwroutine->ExplainForeignModify(mtstate,
3926  resultRelInfo,
3927  fdw_private,
3928  j,
3929  es);
3930  }
3931 
3932  if (labeltargets)
3933  {
3934  /* Undo the indentation we added in text format */
3935  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
3936  es->indent--;
3937 
3938  /* Close the group */
3939  ExplainCloseGroup("Target Table", NULL, true, es);
3940  }
3941  }
3942 
3943  /* Gather names of ON CONFLICT arbiter indexes */
3944  foreach(lst, node->arbiterIndexes)
3945  {
3946  char *indexname = get_rel_name(lfirst_oid(lst));
3947 
3948  idxNames = lappend(idxNames, indexname);
3949  }
3950 
3951  if (node->onConflictAction != ONCONFLICT_NONE)
3952  {
3953  ExplainPropertyText("Conflict Resolution",
3954  node->onConflictAction == ONCONFLICT_NOTHING ?
3955  "NOTHING" : "UPDATE",
3956  es);
3957 
3958  /*
3959  * Don't display arbiter indexes at all when DO NOTHING variant
3960  * implicitly ignores all conflicts
3961  */
3962  if (idxNames)
3963  ExplainPropertyList("Conflict Arbiter Indexes", idxNames, es);
3964 
3965  /* ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE WHERE qual is specially displayed */
3966  if (node->onConflictWhere)
3967  {
3968  show_upper_qual((List *) node->onConflictWhere, "Conflict Filter",
3969  &mtstate->ps, ancestors, es);
3970  show_instrumentation_count("Rows Removed by Conflict Filter", 1, &mtstate->ps, es);
3971  }
3972 
3973  /* EXPLAIN ANALYZE display of actual outcome for each tuple proposed */
3974  if (es->analyze && mtstate->ps.instrument)
3975  {
3976  double total;
3977  double insert_path;
3978  double other_path;
3979 
3980  InstrEndLoop(outerPlanState(mtstate)->instrument);
3981 
3982  /* count the number of source rows */
3983  total = outerPlanState(mtstate)->instrument->ntuples;
3984  other_path = mtstate->ps.instrument->ntuples2;
3985  insert_path = total - other_path;
3986 
3987  ExplainPropertyFloat("Tuples Inserted", NULL,
3988  insert_path, 0, es);
3989  ExplainPropertyFloat("Conflicting Tuples", NULL,
3990  other_path, 0, es);
3991  }
3992  }
3993 
3994  if (labeltargets)
3995  ExplainCloseGroup("Target Tables", "Target Tables", false, es);
3996 }
3997 
3998 /*
3999  * Explain the constituent plans of an Append, MergeAppend,
4000  * BitmapAnd, or BitmapOr node.
4001  *
4002  * The ancestors list should already contain the immediate parent of these
4003  * plans.
4004  */
4005 static void
4006 ExplainMemberNodes(PlanState **planstates, int nplans,
4007  List *ancestors, ExplainState *es)
4008 {
4009  int j;
4010 
4011  for (j = 0; j < nplans; j++)
4012  ExplainNode(planstates[j], ancestors,
4013  "Member", NULL, es);
4014 }
4015 
4016 /*
4017  * Report about any pruned subnodes of an Append or MergeAppend node.
4018  *
4019  * nplans indicates the number of live subplans.
4020  * nchildren indicates the original number of subnodes in the Plan;
4021  * some of these may have been pruned by the run-time pruning code.
4022  */
4023 static void
4024 ExplainMissingMembers(int nplans, int nchildren, ExplainState *es)
4025 {
4026  if (nplans < nchildren || es->format != EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
4027  ExplainPropertyInteger("Subplans Removed", NULL,
4028  nchildren - nplans, es);
4029 }
4030 
4031 /*
4032  * Explain a list of SubPlans (or initPlans, which also use SubPlan nodes).
4033  *
4034  * The ancestors list should already contain the immediate parent of these
4035  * SubPlans.
4036  */
4037 static void
4038 ExplainSubPlans(List *plans, List *ancestors,
4039  const char *relationship, ExplainState *es)
4040 {
4041  ListCell *lst;
4042 
4043  foreach(lst, plans)
4044  {
4045  SubPlanState *sps = (SubPlanState *) lfirst(lst);
4046  SubPlan *sp = sps->subplan;
4047 
4048  /*
4049  * There can be multiple SubPlan nodes referencing the same physical
4050  * subplan (same plan_id, which is its index in PlannedStmt.subplans).
4051  * We should print a subplan only once, so track which ones we already
4052  * printed. This state must be global across the plan tree, since the
4053  * duplicate nodes could be in different plan nodes, eg both a bitmap
4054  * indexscan's indexqual and its parent heapscan's recheck qual. (We
4055  * do not worry too much about which plan node we show the subplan as
4056  * attached to in such cases.)
4057  */
4058  if (bms_is_member(sp->plan_id, es->printed_subplans))
4059  continue;
4060  es->printed_subplans = bms_add_member(es->printed_subplans,
4061  sp->plan_id);
4062 
4063  /*
4064  * Treat the SubPlan node as an ancestor of the plan node(s) within
4065  * it, so that ruleutils.c can find the referents of subplan
4066  * parameters.
4067  */
4068  ancestors = lcons(sp, ancestors);
4069 
4070  ExplainNode(sps->planstate, ancestors,
4071  relationship, sp->plan_name, es);
4072 
4073  ancestors = list_delete_first(ancestors);
4074  }
4075 }
4076 
4077 /*
4078  * Explain a list of children of a CustomScan.
4079  */
4080 static void
4081 ExplainCustomChildren(CustomScanState *css, List *ancestors, ExplainState *es)
4082 {
4083  ListCell *cell;
4084  const char *label =
4085  (list_length(css->custom_ps) != 1 ? "children" : "child");
4086 
4087  foreach(cell, css->custom_ps)
4088  ExplainNode((PlanState *) lfirst(cell), ancestors, label, NULL, es);
4089 }
4090 
4091 /*
4092  * Create a per-plan-node workspace for collecting per-worker data.
4093  *
4094  * Output related to each worker will be temporarily "set aside" into a
4095  * separate buffer, which we'll merge into the main output stream once
4096  * we've processed all data for the plan node. This makes it feasible to
4097  * generate a coherent sub-group of fields for each worker, even though the
4098  * code that produces the fields is in several different places in this file.
4099  * Formatting of such a set-aside field group is managed by
4100  * ExplainOpenSetAsideGroup and ExplainSaveGroup/ExplainRestoreGroup.
4101  */
4102 static ExplainWorkersState *
4103 ExplainCreateWorkersState(int num_workers)
4104 {
4105  ExplainWorkersState *wstate;
4106 
4107  wstate = (ExplainWorkersState *) palloc(sizeof(ExplainWorkersState));
4108  wstate->num_workers = num_workers;
4109  wstate->worker_inited = (bool *) palloc0(num_workers * sizeof(bool));
4110  wstate->worker_str = (StringInfoData *)
4111  palloc0(num_workers * sizeof(StringInfoData));
4112  wstate->worker_state_save = (int *) palloc(num_workers * sizeof(int));
4113  return wstate;
4114 }
4115 
4116 /*
4117  * Begin or resume output into the set-aside group for worker N.
4118  */
4119 static void
4120 ExplainOpenWorker(int n, ExplainState *es)
4121 {
4122  ExplainWorkersState *wstate = es->workers_state;
4123 
4124  Assert(wstate);
4125  Assert(n >= 0 && n < wstate->num_workers);
4126 
4127  /* Save prior output buffer pointer */
4128  wstate->prev_str = es->str;
4129 
4130  if (!wstate->worker_inited[n])
4131  {
4132  /* First time through, so create the buffer for this worker */
4133  initStringInfo(&wstate->worker_str[n]);
4134  es->str = &wstate->worker_str[n];
4135 
4136  /*
4137  * Push suitable initial formatting state for this worker's field
4138  * group. We allow one extra logical nesting level, since this group
4139  * will eventually be wrapped in an outer "Workers" group.
4140  */
4141  ExplainOpenSetAsideGroup("Worker", NULL, true, 2, es);
4142 
4143  /*
4144  * In non-TEXT formats we always emit a "Worker Number" field, even if
4145  * there's no other data for this worker.
4146  */
4147  if (es->format != EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
4148  ExplainPropertyInteger("Worker Number", NULL, n, es);
4149 
4150  wstate->worker_inited[n] = true;
4151  }
4152  else
4153  {
4154  /* Resuming output for a worker we've already emitted some data for */
4155  es->str = &wstate->worker_str[n];
4156 
4157  /* Restore formatting state saved by last ExplainCloseWorker() */
4158  ExplainRestoreGroup(es, 2, &wstate->worker_state_save[n]);
4159  }
4160 
4161  /*
4162  * In TEXT format, prefix the first output line for this worker with
4163  * "Worker N:". Then, any additional lines should be indented one more
4164  * stop than the "Worker N" line is.
4165  */
4166  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
4167  {
4168  if (es->str->len == 0)
4169  {
4170  ExplainIndentText(es);
4171  appendStringInfo(es->str, "Worker %d: ", n);
4172  }
4173 
4174  es->indent++;
4175  }
4176 }
4177 
4178 /*
4179  * End output for worker N --- must pair with previous ExplainOpenWorker call
4180  */
4181 static void
4182 ExplainCloseWorker(int n, ExplainState *es)
4183 {
4184  ExplainWorkersState *wstate = es->workers_state;
4185 
4186  Assert(wstate);
4187  Assert(n >= 0 && n < wstate->num_workers);
4188  Assert(wstate->worker_inited[n]);
4189 
4190  /*
4191  * Save formatting state in case we do another ExplainOpenWorker(), then
4192  * pop the formatting stack.
4193  */
4194  ExplainSaveGroup(es, 2, &wstate->worker_state_save[n]);
4195 
4196  /*
4197  * In TEXT format, if we didn't actually produce any output line(s) then
4198  * truncate off the partial line emitted by ExplainOpenWorker. (This is
4199  * to avoid bogus output if, say, show_buffer_usage chooses not to print
4200  * anything for the worker.) Also fix up the indent level.
4201  */
4202  if (es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT)
4203  {
4204  while (es->str->len > 0 && es->str->data[es->str->len - 1] != '\n')
4205  es->str->data[--(es->str->len)] = '\0';
4206 
4207  es->indent--;
4208  }
4209 
4210  /* Restore prior output buffer pointer */
4211  es->str = wstate->prev_str;
4212 }
4213 
4214 /*
4215  * Print per-worker info for current node, then free the ExplainWorkersState.
4216  */
4217 static void
4218 ExplainFlushWorkersState(ExplainState *es)
4219 {
4220  ExplainWorkersState *wstate = es->workers_state;
4221 
4222  ExplainOpenGroup("Workers", "Workers", false, es);
4223  for (int i = 0; i < wstate->num_workers; i++)
4224  {
4225  if (wstate->worker_inited[i])
4226  {
4227  /* This must match previous ExplainOpenSetAsideGroup call */
4228  ExplainOpenGroup("Worker", NULL, true, es);
4229  appendStringInfoString(es->str, wstate->worker_str[i].data);
4230  ExplainCloseGroup("Worker", NULL, true, es);
4231 
4232  pfree(wstate->worker_str[i].data);
4233  }
4234  }
4235  ExplainCloseGroup("Workers", "Workers", false, es);
4236 
4237  pfree(wstate->worker_inited);
4238  pfree(wstate->worker_str);
4239  pfree(wstate->worker_state_save);
4240  pfree(wstate);
4241 }
4242 
4243 /*
4244  * Explain a property, such as sort keys or targets, that takes the form of
4245  * a list of unlabeled items. "data" is a list of C strings.
4246  */
4247 void
4248 ExplainPropertyList(const char *qlabel, List *data, ExplainState *es)
4249 {
4250  ListCell *lc;
4251  bool first = true;
4252 
4253  switch (es->format)
4254  {
4255  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT:
4256  ExplainIndentText(es);
4257  appendStringInfo(es->str, "%s: ", qlabel);
4258  foreach(lc, data)
4259  {
4260  if (!first)
4261  appendStringInfoString(es->str, ", ");
4262  appendStringInfoString(es->str, (const char *) lfirst(lc));
4263  first = false;
4264  }
4265  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '\n');
4266  break;
4267 
4268  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_XML:
4269  ExplainXMLTag(qlabel, X_OPENING, es);
4270  foreach(lc, data)
4271  {
4272  char *str;
4273 
4274  appendStringInfoSpaces(es->str, es->indent * 2 + 2);
4275  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "<Item>");
4276  str = escape_xml((const char *) lfirst(lc));
4277  appendStringInfoString(es->str, str);
4278  pfree(str);
4279  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "</Item>\n");
4280  }
4281  ExplainXMLTag(qlabel, X_CLOSING, es);
4282  break;
4283 
4284  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_JSON:
4285  ExplainJSONLineEnding(es);
4286  appendStringInfoSpaces(es->str, es->indent * 2);
4287  escape_json(es->str, qlabel);
4288  appendStringInfoString(es->str, ": [");
4289  foreach(lc, data)
4290  {
4291  if (!first)
4292  appendStringInfoString(es->str, ", ");
4293  escape_json(es->str, (const char *) lfirst(lc));
4294  first = false;
4295  }
4296  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, ']');
4297  break;
4298 
4299  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_YAML:
4300  ExplainYAMLLineStarting(es);
4301  appendStringInfo(es->str, "%s: ", qlabel);
4302  foreach(lc, data)
4303  {
4304  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '\n');
4305  appendStringInfoSpaces(es->str, es->indent * 2 + 2);
4306  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "- ");
4307  escape_yaml(es->str, (const char *) lfirst(lc));
4308  }
4309  break;
4310  }
4311 }
4312 
4313 /*
4314  * Explain a property that takes the form of a list of unlabeled items within
4315  * another list. "data" is a list of C strings.
4316  */
4317 void
4318 ExplainPropertyListNested(const char *qlabel, List *data, ExplainState *es)
4319 {
4320  ListCell *lc;
4321  bool first = true;
4322 
4323  switch (es->format)
4324  {
4325  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT:
4326  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_XML:
4327  ExplainPropertyList(qlabel, data, es);
4328  return;
4329 
4330  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_JSON:
4331  ExplainJSONLineEnding(es);
4332  appendStringInfoSpaces(es->str, es->indent * 2);
4333  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '[');
4334  foreach(lc, data)
4335  {
4336  if (!first)
4337  appendStringInfoString(es->str, ", ");
4338  escape_json(es->str, (const char *) lfirst(lc));
4339  first = false;
4340  }
4341  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, ']');
4342  break;
4343 
4344  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_YAML:
4345  ExplainYAMLLineStarting(es);
4346  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "- [");
4347  foreach(lc, data)
4348  {
4349  if (!first)
4350  appendStringInfoString(es->str, ", ");
4351  escape_yaml(es->str, (const char *) lfirst(lc));
4352  first = false;
4353  }
4354  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, ']');
4355  break;
4356  }
4357 }
4358 
4359 /*
4360  * Explain a simple property.
4361  *
4362  * If "numeric" is true, the value is a number (or other value that
4363  * doesn't need quoting in JSON).
4364  *
4365  * If unit is non-NULL the text format will display it after the value.
4366  *
4367  * This usually should not be invoked directly, but via one of the datatype
4368  * specific routines ExplainPropertyText, ExplainPropertyInteger, etc.
4369  */
4370 static void
4371 ExplainProperty(const char *qlabel, const char *unit, const char *value,
4372  bool numeric, ExplainState *es)
4373 {
4374  switch (es->format)
4375  {
4376  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT:
4377  ExplainIndentText(es);
4378  if (unit)
4379  appendStringInfo(es->str, "%s: %s %s\n", qlabel, value, unit);
4380  else
4381  appendStringInfo(es->str, "%s: %s\n", qlabel, value);
4382  break;
4383 
4384  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_XML:
4385  {
4386  char *str;
4387 
4388  appendStringInfoSpaces(es->str, es->indent * 2);
4389  ExplainXMLTag(qlabel, X_OPENING | X_NOWHITESPACE, es);
4390  str = escape_xml(value);
4391  appendStringInfoString(es->str, str);
4392  pfree(str);
4393  ExplainXMLTag(qlabel, X_CLOSING | X_NOWHITESPACE, es);
4394  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '\n');
4395  }
4396  break;
4397 
4398  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_JSON:
4399  ExplainJSONLineEnding(es);
4400  appendStringInfoSpaces(es->str, es->indent * 2);
4401  escape_json(es->str, qlabel);
4402  appendStringInfoString(es->str, ": ");
4403  if (numeric)
4404  appendStringInfoString(es->str, value);
4405  else
4406  escape_json(es->str, value);
4407  break;
4408 
4409  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_YAML:
4410  ExplainYAMLLineStarting(es);
4411  appendStringInfo(es->str, "%s: ", qlabel);
4412  if (numeric)
4413  appendStringInfoString(es->str, value);
4414  else
4415  escape_yaml(es->str, value);
4416  break;
4417  }
4418 }
4419 
4420 /*
4421  * Explain a string-valued property.
4422  */
4423 void
4424 ExplainPropertyText(const char *qlabel, const char *value, ExplainState *es)
4425 {
4426  ExplainProperty(qlabel, NULL, value, false, es);
4427 }
4428 
4429 /*
4430  * Explain an integer-valued property.
4431  */
4432 void
4433 ExplainPropertyInteger(const char *qlabel, const char *unit, int64 value,
4434  ExplainState *es)
4435 {
4436  char buf[32];
4437 
4438  snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), INT64_FORMAT, value);
4439  ExplainProperty(qlabel, unit, buf, true, es);
4440 }
4441 
4442 /*
4443  * Explain an unsigned integer-valued property.
4444  */
4445 void
4446 ExplainPropertyUInteger(const char *qlabel, const char *unit, uint64 value,
4447  ExplainState *es)
4448 {
4449  char buf[32];
4450 
4451  snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), UINT64_FORMAT, value);
4452  ExplainProperty(qlabel, unit, buf, true, es);
4453 }
4454 
4455 /*
4456  * Explain a float-valued property, using the specified number of
4457  * fractional digits.
4458  */
4459 void
4460 ExplainPropertyFloat(const char *qlabel, const char *unit, double value,
4461  int ndigits, ExplainState *es)
4462 {
4463  char *buf;
4464 
4465  buf = psprintf("%.*f", ndigits, value);
4466  ExplainProperty(qlabel, unit, buf, true, es);
4467  pfree(buf);
4468 }
4469 
4470 /*
4471  * Explain a bool-valued property.
4472  */
4473 void
4474 ExplainPropertyBool(const char *qlabel, bool value, ExplainState *es)
4475 {
4476  ExplainProperty(qlabel, NULL, value ? "true" : "false", true, es);
4477 }
4478 
4479 /*
4480  * Open a group of related objects.
4481  *
4482  * objtype is the type of the group object, labelname is its label within
4483  * a containing object (if any).
4484  *
4485  * If labeled is true, the group members will be labeled properties,
4486  * while if it's false, they'll be unlabeled objects.
4487  */
4488 void
4489 ExplainOpenGroup(const char *objtype, const char *labelname,
4490  bool labeled, ExplainState *es)
4491 {
4492  switch (es->format)
4493  {
4494  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT:
4495  /* nothing to do */
4496  break;
4497 
4498  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_XML:
4499  ExplainXMLTag(objtype, X_OPENING, es);
4500  es->indent++;
4501  break;
4502 
4503  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_JSON:
4504  ExplainJSONLineEnding(es);
4505  appendStringInfoSpaces(es->str, 2 * es->indent);
4506  if (labelname)
4507  {
4508  escape_json(es->str, labelname);
4509  appendStringInfoString(es->str, ": ");
4510  }
4511  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, labeled ? '{' : '[');
4512 
4513  /*
4514  * In JSON format, the grouping_stack is an integer list. 0 means
4515  * we've emitted nothing at this grouping level, 1 means we've
4516  * emitted something (and so the next item needs a comma). See
4517  * ExplainJSONLineEnding().
4518  */
4519  es->grouping_stack = lcons_int(0, es->grouping_stack);
4520  es->indent++;
4521  break;
4522 
4523  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_YAML:
4524 
4525  /*
4526  * In YAML format, the grouping stack is an integer list. 0 means
4527  * we've emitted nothing at this grouping level AND this grouping
4528  * level is unlabeled and must be marked with "- ". See
4529  * ExplainYAMLLineStarting().
4530  */
4531  ExplainYAMLLineStarting(es);
4532  if (labelname)
4533  {
4534  appendStringInfo(es->str, "%s: ", labelname);
4535  es->grouping_stack = lcons_int(1, es->grouping_stack);
4536  }
4537  else
4538  {
4539  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "- ");
4540  es->grouping_stack = lcons_int(0, es->grouping_stack);
4541  }
4542  es->indent++;
4543  break;
4544  }
4545 }
4546 
4547 /*
4548  * Close a group of related objects.
4549  * Parameters must match the corresponding ExplainOpenGroup call.
4550  */
4551 void
4552 ExplainCloseGroup(const char *objtype, const char *labelname,
4553  bool labeled, ExplainState *es)
4554 {
4555  switch (es->format)
4556  {
4557  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT:
4558  /* nothing to do */
4559  break;
4560 
4561  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_XML:
4562  es->indent--;
4563  ExplainXMLTag(objtype, X_CLOSING, es);
4564  break;
4565 
4566  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_JSON:
4567  es->indent--;
4568  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '\n');
4569  appendStringInfoSpaces(es->str, 2 * es->indent);
4570  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, labeled ? '}' : ']');
4571  es->grouping_stack = list_delete_first(es->grouping_stack);
4572  break;
4573 
4574  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_YAML:
4575  es->indent--;
4576  es->grouping_stack = list_delete_first(es->grouping_stack);
4577  break;
4578  }
4579 }
4580 
4581 /*
4582  * Open a group of related objects, without emitting actual data.
4583  *
4584  * Prepare the formatting state as though we were beginning a group with
4585  * the identified properties, but don't actually emit anything. Output
4586  * subsequent to this call can be redirected into a separate output buffer,
4587  * and then eventually appended to the main output buffer after doing a
4588  * regular ExplainOpenGroup call (with the same parameters).
4589  *
4590  * The extra "depth" parameter is the new group's depth compared to current.
4591  * It could be more than one, in case the eventual output will be enclosed
4592  * in additional nesting group levels. We assume we don't need to track
4593  * formatting state for those levels while preparing this group's output.
4594  *
4595  * There is no ExplainCloseSetAsideGroup --- in current usage, we always
4596  * pop this state with ExplainSaveGroup.
4597  */
4598 static void
4599 ExplainOpenSetAsideGroup(const char *objtype, const char *labelname,
4600  bool labeled, int depth, ExplainState *es)
4601 {
4602  switch (es->format)
4603  {
4604  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT:
4605  /* nothing to do */
4606  break;
4607 
4608  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_XML:
4609  es->indent += depth;
4610  break;
4611 
4612  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_JSON:
4613  es->grouping_stack = lcons_int(0, es->grouping_stack);
4614  es->indent += depth;
4615  break;
4616 
4617  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_YAML:
4618  if (labelname)
4619  es->grouping_stack = lcons_int(1, es->grouping_stack);
4620  else
4621  es->grouping_stack = lcons_int(0, es->grouping_stack);
4622  es->indent += depth;
4623  break;
4624  }
4625 }
4626 
4627 /*
4628  * Pop one level of grouping state, allowing for a re-push later.
4629  *
4630  * This is typically used after ExplainOpenSetAsideGroup; pass the
4631  * same "depth" used for that.
4632  *
4633  * This should not emit any output. If state needs to be saved,
4634  * save it at *state_save. Currently, an integer save area is sufficient
4635  * for all formats, but we might need to revisit that someday.
4636  */
4637 static void
4638 ExplainSaveGroup(ExplainState *es, int depth, int *state_save)
4639 {
4640  switch (es->format)
4641  {
4642  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT:
4643  /* nothing to do */
4644  break;
4645 
4646  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_XML:
4647  es->indent -= depth;
4648  break;
4649 
4650  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_JSON:
4651  es->indent -= depth;
4652  *state_save = linitial_int(es->grouping_stack);
4653  es->grouping_stack = list_delete_first(es->grouping_stack);
4654  break;
4655 
4656  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_YAML:
4657  es->indent -= depth;
4658  *state_save = linitial_int(es->grouping_stack);
4659  es->grouping_stack = list_delete_first(es->grouping_stack);
4660  break;
4661  }
4662 }
4663 
4664 /*
4665  * Re-push one level of grouping state, undoing the effects of ExplainSaveGroup.
4666  */
4667 static void
4668 ExplainRestoreGroup(ExplainState *es, int depth, int *state_save)
4669 {
4670  switch (es->format)
4671  {
4672  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT:
4673  /* nothing to do */
4674  break;
4675 
4676  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_XML:
4677  es->indent += depth;
4678  break;
4679 
4680  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_JSON:
4681  es->grouping_stack = lcons_int(*state_save, es->grouping_stack);
4682  es->indent += depth;
4683  break;
4684 
4685  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_YAML:
4686  es->grouping_stack = lcons_int(*state_save, es->grouping_stack);
4687  es->indent += depth;
4688  break;
4689  }
4690 }
4691 
4692 /*
4693  * Emit a "dummy" group that never has any members.
4694  *
4695  * objtype is the type of the group object, labelname is its label within
4696  * a containing object (if any).
4697  */
4698 static void
4699 ExplainDummyGroup(const char *objtype, const char *labelname, ExplainState *es)
4700 {
4701  switch (es->format)
4702  {
4703  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT:
4704  /* nothing to do */
4705  break;
4706 
4707  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_XML:
4708  ExplainXMLTag(objtype, X_CLOSE_IMMEDIATE, es);
4709  break;
4710 
4711  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_JSON:
4712  ExplainJSONLineEnding(es);
4713  appendStringInfoSpaces(es->str, 2 * es->indent);
4714  if (labelname)
4715  {
4716  escape_json(es->str, labelname);
4717  appendStringInfoString(es->str, ": ");
4718  }
4719  escape_json(es->str, objtype);
4720  break;
4721 
4722  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_YAML:
4723  ExplainYAMLLineStarting(es);
4724  if (labelname)
4725  {
4726  escape_yaml(es->str, labelname);
4727  appendStringInfoString(es->str, ": ");
4728  }
4729  else
4730  {
4731  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "- ");
4732  }
4733  escape_yaml(es->str, objtype);
4734  break;
4735  }
4736 }
4737 
4738 /*
4739  * Emit the start-of-output boilerplate.
4740  *
4741  * This is just enough different from processing a subgroup that we need
4742  * a separate pair of subroutines.
4743  */
4744 void
4745 ExplainBeginOutput(ExplainState *es)
4746 {
4747  switch (es->format)
4748  {
4749  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT:
4750  /* nothing to do */
4751  break;
4752 
4753  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_XML:
4754  appendStringInfoString(es->str,
4755  "<explain xmlns=\"http://www.postgresql.org/2009/explain\">\n");
4756  es->indent++;
4757  break;
4758 
4759  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_JSON:
4760  /* top-level structure is an array of plans */
4761  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '[');
4762  es->grouping_stack = lcons_int(0, es->grouping_stack);
4763  es->indent++;
4764  break;
4765 
4766  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_YAML:
4767  es->grouping_stack = lcons_int(0, es->grouping_stack);
4768  break;
4769  }
4770 }
4771 
4772 /*
4773  * Emit the end-of-output boilerplate.
4774  */
4775 void
4776 ExplainEndOutput(ExplainState *es)
4777 {
4778  switch (es->format)
4779  {
4780  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT:
4781  /* nothing to do */
4782  break;
4783 
4784  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_XML:
4785  es->indent--;
4786  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "</explain>");
4787  break;
4788 
4789  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_JSON:
4790  es->indent--;
4791  appendStringInfoString(es->str, "\n]");
4792  es->grouping_stack = list_delete_first(es->grouping_stack);
4793  break;
4794 
4795  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_YAML:
4796  es->grouping_stack = list_delete_first(es->grouping_stack);
4797  break;
4798  }
4799 }
4800 
4801 /*
4802  * Put an appropriate separator between multiple plans
4803  */
4804 void
4805 ExplainSeparatePlans(ExplainState *es)
4806 {
4807  switch (es->format)
4808  {
4809  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT:
4810  /* add a blank line */
4811  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '\n');
4812  break;
4813 
4814  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_XML:
4815  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_JSON:
4816  case EXPLAIN_FORMAT_YAML:
4817  /* nothing to do */
4818  break;
4819  }
4820 }
4821 
4822 /*
4823  * Emit opening or closing XML tag.
4824  *
4825  * "flags" must contain X_OPENING, X_CLOSING, or X_CLOSE_IMMEDIATE.
4826  * Optionally, OR in X_NOWHITESPACE to suppress the whitespace we'd normally
4827  * add.
4828  *
4829  * XML restricts tag names more than our other output formats, eg they can't
4830  * contain white space or slashes. Replace invalid characters with dashes,
4831  * so that for example "I/O Read Time" becomes "I-O-Read-Time".
4832  */
4833 static void
4834 ExplainXMLTag(const char *tagname, int flags, ExplainState *es)
4835 {
4836  const char *s;
4837  const char *valid = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_.";
4838 
4839  if ((flags & X_NOWHITESPACE) == 0)
4840  appendStringInfoSpaces(es->str, 2 * es->indent);
4841  appendStringInfoCharMacro(es->str, '<');
4842  if ((flags & X_CLOSING) != 0)
4843  appendStringInfoCharMacro(es->str, '/');
4844  for (s = tagname; *s; s++)
4845  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, strchr(valid, *s) ? *s : '-');
4846  if ((flags & X_CLOSE_IMMEDIATE) != 0)
4847  appendStringInfoString(es->str, " /");
4848  appendStringInfoCharMacro(es->str, '>');
4849  if ((flags & X_NOWHITESPACE) == 0)
4850  appendStringInfoCharMacro(es->str, '\n');
4851 }
4852 
4853 /*
4854  * Indent a text-format line.
4855  *
4856  * We indent by two spaces per indentation level. However, when emitting
4857  * data for a parallel worker there might already be data on the current line
4858  * (cf. ExplainOpenWorker); in that case, don't indent any more.
4859  */
4860 static void
4861 ExplainIndentText(ExplainState *es)
4862 {
4863  Assert(es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_TEXT);
4864  if (es->str->len == 0 || es->str->data[es->str->len - 1] == '\n')
4865  appendStringInfoSpaces(es->str, es->indent * 2);
4866 }
4867 
4868 /*
4869  * Emit a JSON line ending.
4870  *
4871  * JSON requires a comma after each property but the last. To facilitate this,
4872  * in JSON format, the text emitted for each property begins just prior to the
4873  * preceding line-break (and comma, if applicable).
4874  */
4875 static void
4876 ExplainJSONLineEnding(ExplainState *es)
4877 {
4878  Assert(es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_JSON);
4879  if (linitial_int(es->grouping_stack) != 0)
4880  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, ',');
4881  else
4882  linitial_int(es->grouping_stack) = 1;
4883  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '\n');
4884 }
4885 
4886 /*
4887  * Indent a YAML line.
4888  *
4889  * YAML lines are ordinarily indented by two spaces per indentation level.
4890  * The text emitted for each property begins just prior to the preceding
4891  * line-break, except for the first property in an unlabeled group, for which
4892  * it begins immediately after the "- " that introduces the group. The first
4893  * property of the group appears on the same line as the opening "- ".
4894  */
4895 static void
4896 ExplainYAMLLineStarting(ExplainState *es)
4897 {
4898  Assert(es->format == EXPLAIN_FORMAT_YAML);
4899  if (linitial_int(es->grouping_stack) == 0)
4900  {
4901  linitial_int(es->grouping_stack) = 1;
4902  }
4903  else
4904  {
4905  appendStringInfoChar(es->str, '\n');
4906  appendStringInfoSpaces(es->str, es->indent * 2);
4907  }
4908 }
4909 
4910 /*
4911  * YAML is a superset of JSON; unfortunately, the YAML quoting rules are
4912  * ridiculously complicated -- as documented in sections 5.3 and 7.3.3 of
4913  * http://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html -- so we chose to just quote everything.
4914  * Empty strings, strings with leading or trailing whitespace, and strings
4915  * containing a variety of special characters must certainly be quoted or the
4916  * output is invalid; and other seemingly harmless strings like "0xa" or
4917  * "true" must be quoted, lest they be interpreted as a hexadecimal or Boolean
4918  * constant rather than a string.
4919  */
4920 static void
4921 escape_yaml(StringInfo buf, const char *str)
4922 {
4923  escape_json(buf, str);
4924 }
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