postgres.c

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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * postgres.c
 *    POSTGRES C Backend Interface
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2026, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *    src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
 *
 * NOTES
 *    this is the "main" module of the postgres backend and
 *    hence the main module of the "traffic cop".
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
 
#include "postgres.h"
 
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
 
#ifdef USE_VALGRIND
#include <valgrind/valgrind.h>
#endif
 
#include "access/parallel.h"
#include "access/printtup.h"
#include "access/xact.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "commands/async.h"
#include "commands/event_trigger.h"
#include "commands/explain_state.h"
#include "commands/prepare.h"
#include "common/pg_prng.h"
#include "jit/jit.h"
#include "libpq/libpq.h"
#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
#include "libpq/pqsignal.h"
#include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
#include "mb/stringinfo_mb.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "nodes/print.h"
#include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
#include "parser/analyze.h"
#include "parser/parser.h"
#include "pg_getopt.h"
#include "pg_trace.h"
#include "pgstat.h"
#include "postmaster/interrupt.h"
#include "postmaster/postmaster.h"
#include "replication/logicallauncher.h"
#include "replication/logicalworker.h"
#include "replication/slot.h"
#include "replication/walsender.h"
#include "rewrite/rewriteHandler.h"
#include "storage/bufmgr.h"
#include "storage/ipc.h"
#include "storage/fd.h"
#include "storage/pmsignal.h"
#include "storage/proc.h"
#include "storage/procsignal.h"
#include "storage/sinval.h"
#include "storage/standby.h"
#include "tcop/backend_startup.h"
#include "tcop/fastpath.h"
#include "tcop/pquery.h"
#include "tcop/tcopprot.h"
#include "tcop/utility.h"
#include "utils/guc_hooks.h"
#include "utils/injection_point.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"
#include "utils/ps_status.h"
#include "utils/snapmgr.h"
#include "utils/timeout.h"
#include "utils/timestamp.h"
#include "utils/varlena.h"
 
/* ----------------
 *      global variables
 * ----------------
 */
const char *debug_query_string; /* client-supplied query string */
 
/* Note: whereToSendOutput is initialized for the bootstrap/standalone case */
CommandDest whereToSendOutput = DestDebug;
 
/* flag for logging end of session */
bool        Log_disconnections = false;
 
int         log_statement = LOGSTMT_NONE;
 
/* wait N seconds to allow attach from a debugger */
int         PostAuthDelay = 0;
 
/* Time between checks that the client is still connected. */
int         client_connection_check_interval = 0;
 
/* flags for non-system relation kinds to restrict use */
int         restrict_nonsystem_relation_kind;
 
/* ----------------
 *      private typedefs etc
 * ----------------
 */
 
/* type of argument for bind_param_error_callback */
typedef struct BindParamCbData
{
    const char *portalName;
    int         paramno;        /* zero-based param number, or -1 initially */
    const char *paramval;       /* textual input string, if available */
} BindParamCbData;
 
/* ----------------
 *      private variables
 * ----------------
 */
 
/*
 * Flag to keep track of whether we have started a transaction.
 * For extended query protocol this has to be remembered across messages.
 */
static bool xact_started = false;
 
/*
 * Flag to indicate that we are doing the outer loop's read-from-client,
 * as opposed to any random read from client that might happen within
 * commands like COPY FROM STDIN.
 */
static bool DoingCommandRead = false;
 
/*
 * Flags to implement skip-till-Sync-after-error behavior for messages of
 * the extended query protocol.
 */
static bool doing_extended_query_message = false;
static bool ignore_till_sync = false;
 
/*
 * If an unnamed prepared statement exists, it's stored here.
 * We keep it separate from the hashtable kept by commands/prepare.c
 * in order to reduce overhead for short-lived queries.
 */
static CachedPlanSource *unnamed_stmt_psrc = NULL;
 
/* assorted command-line switches */
static const char *userDoption = NULL;  /* -D switch */
static bool EchoQuery = false;  /* -E switch */
static bool UseSemiNewlineNewline = false;  /* -j switch */
 
/* reused buffer to pass to SendRowDescriptionMessage() */
static MemoryContext row_description_context = NULL;
static StringInfoData row_description_buf;
 
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *      decls for routines only used in this file
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
static int  InteractiveBackend(StringInfo inBuf);
static int  interactive_getc(void);
static int  SocketBackend(StringInfo inBuf);
static int  ReadCommand(StringInfo inBuf);
static void forbidden_in_wal_sender(char firstchar);
static bool check_log_statement(List *stmt_list);
static int  errdetail_execute(List *raw_parsetree_list);
static int  errdetail_params(ParamListInfo params);
static void bind_param_error_callback(void *arg);
static void start_xact_command(void);
static void finish_xact_command(void);
static bool IsTransactionExitStmt(Node *parsetree);
static bool IsTransactionExitStmtList(List *pstmts);
static bool IsTransactionStmtList(List *pstmts);
static void drop_unnamed_stmt(void);
static void ProcessRecoveryConflictInterrupts(void);
static void ProcessRecoveryConflictInterrupt(RecoveryConflictReason reason);
static void report_recovery_conflict(RecoveryConflictReason reason);
static void log_disconnections(int code, Datum arg);
static void enable_statement_timeout(void);
static void disable_statement_timeout(void);
 
 
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *      infrastructure for valgrind debugging
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#ifdef USE_VALGRIND
/* This variable should be set at the top of the main loop. */
static unsigned int old_valgrind_error_count;
 
/*
 * If Valgrind detected any errors since old_valgrind_error_count was updated,
 * report the current query as the cause.  This should be called at the end
 * of message processing.
 */
static void
valgrind_report_error_query(const char *query)
{
    unsigned int valgrind_error_count = VALGRIND_COUNT_ERRORS;
 
    if (unlikely(valgrind_error_count != old_valgrind_error_count) &&
        query != NULL)
        VALGRIND_PRINTF("Valgrind detected %u error(s) during execution of \"%s\"\n",
                        valgrind_error_count - old_valgrind_error_count,
                        query);
}
 
#else                           /* !USE_VALGRIND */
#define valgrind_report_error_query(query) ((void) 0)
#endif                          /* USE_VALGRIND */
 
 
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *      routines to obtain user input
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
 
/* ----------------
 *  InteractiveBackend() is called for user interactive connections
 *
 *  the string entered by the user is placed in its parameter inBuf,
 *  and we act like a Q message was received.
 *
 *  EOF is returned if end-of-file input is seen; time to shut down.
 * ----------------
 */
 
static int
InteractiveBackend(StringInfo inBuf)
{
    int         c;              /* character read from getc() */
 
    /*
     * display a prompt and obtain input from the user
     */
    printf("backend> ");
    fflush(stdout);
 
    resetStringInfo(inBuf);
 
    /*
     * Read characters until EOF or the appropriate delimiter is seen.
     */
    while ((c = interactive_getc()) != EOF)
    {
        if (c == '\n')
        {
            if (UseSemiNewlineNewline)
            {
                /*
                 * In -j mode, semicolon followed by two newlines ends the
                 * command; otherwise treat newline as regular character.
                 */
                if (inBuf->len > 1 &&
                    inBuf->data[inBuf->len - 1] == '\n' &&
                    inBuf->data[inBuf->len - 2] == ';')
                {
                    /* might as well drop the second newline */
                    break;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                /*
                 * In plain mode, newline ends the command unless preceded by
                 * backslash.
                 */
                if (inBuf->len > 0 &&
                    inBuf->data[inBuf->len - 1] == '\\')
                {
                    /* discard backslash from inBuf */
                    inBuf->data[--inBuf->len] = '\0';
                    /* discard newline too */
                    continue;
                }
                else
                {
                    /* keep the newline character, but end the command */
                    appendStringInfoChar(inBuf, '\n');
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
 
        /* Not newline, or newline treated as regular character */
        appendStringInfoChar(inBuf, (char) c);
    }
 
    /* No input before EOF signal means time to quit. */
    if (c == EOF && inBuf->len == 0)
        return EOF;
 
    /*
     * otherwise we have a user query so process it.
     */
 
    /* Add '\0' to make it look the same as message case. */
    appendStringInfoChar(inBuf, (char) '\0');
 
    /*
     * if the query echo flag was given, print the query..
     */
    if (EchoQuery)
        printf("statement: %s\n", inBuf->data);
    fflush(stdout);
 
    return PqMsg_Query;
}
 
/*
 * interactive_getc -- collect one character from stdin
 *
 * Even though we are not reading from a "client" process, we still want to
 * respond to signals, particularly SIGTERM/SIGQUIT.
 */
static int
interactive_getc(void)
{
    int         c;
 
    /*
     * This will not process catchup interrupts or notifications while
     * reading. But those can't really be relevant for a standalone backend
     * anyway. To properly handle SIGTERM there's a hack in die() that
     * directly processes interrupts at this stage...
     */
    CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
 
    c = getc(stdin);
 
    ProcessClientReadInterrupt(false);
 
    return c;
}
 
/* ----------------
 *  SocketBackend()     Is called for frontend-backend connections
 *
 *  Returns the message type code, and loads message body data into inBuf.
 *
 *  EOF is returned if the connection is lost.
 * ----------------
 */
static int
SocketBackend(StringInfo inBuf)
{
    int         qtype;
    int         maxmsglen;
 
    /*
     * Get message type code from the frontend.
     */
    HOLD_CANCEL_INTERRUPTS();
    pq_startmsgread();
    qtype = pq_getbyte();
 
    if (qtype == EOF)           /* frontend disconnected */
    {
        if (IsTransactionState())
            ereport(COMMERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_CONNECTION_FAILURE),
                     errmsg("unexpected EOF on client connection with an open transaction")));
        else
        {
            /*
             * Can't send DEBUG log messages to client at this point. Since
             * we're disconnecting right away, we don't need to restore
             * whereToSendOutput.
             */
            whereToSendOutput = DestNone;
            ereport(DEBUG1,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_CONNECTION_DOES_NOT_EXIST),
                     errmsg_internal("unexpected EOF on client connection")));
        }
        return qtype;
    }
 
    /*
     * Validate message type code before trying to read body; if we have lost
     * sync, better to say "command unknown" than to run out of memory because
     * we used garbage as a length word.  We can also select a type-dependent
     * limit on what a sane length word could be.  (The limit could be chosen
     * more granularly, but it's not clear it's worth fussing over.)
     *
     * This also gives us a place to set the doing_extended_query_message flag
     * as soon as possible.
     */
    switch (qtype)
    {
        case PqMsg_Query:
            maxmsglen = PQ_LARGE_MESSAGE_LIMIT;
            doing_extended_query_message = false;
            break;
 
        case PqMsg_FunctionCall:
            maxmsglen = PQ_LARGE_MESSAGE_LIMIT;
            doing_extended_query_message = false;
            break;
 
        case PqMsg_Terminate:
            maxmsglen = PQ_SMALL_MESSAGE_LIMIT;
            doing_extended_query_message = false;
            ignore_till_sync = false;
            break;
 
        case PqMsg_Bind:
        case PqMsg_Parse:
            maxmsglen = PQ_LARGE_MESSAGE_LIMIT;
            doing_extended_query_message = true;
            break;
 
        case PqMsg_Close:
        case PqMsg_Describe:
        case PqMsg_Execute:
        case PqMsg_Flush:
            maxmsglen = PQ_SMALL_MESSAGE_LIMIT;
            doing_extended_query_message = true;
            break;
 
        case PqMsg_Sync:
            maxmsglen = PQ_SMALL_MESSAGE_LIMIT;
            /* stop any active skip-till-Sync */
            ignore_till_sync = false;
            /* mark not-extended, so that a new error doesn't begin skip */
            doing_extended_query_message = false;
            break;
 
        case PqMsg_CopyData:
            maxmsglen = PQ_LARGE_MESSAGE_LIMIT;
            doing_extended_query_message = false;
            break;
 
        case PqMsg_CopyDone:
        case PqMsg_CopyFail:
            maxmsglen = PQ_SMALL_MESSAGE_LIMIT;
            doing_extended_query_message = false;
            break;
 
        default:
 
            /*
             * Otherwise we got garbage from the frontend.  We treat this as
             * fatal because we have probably lost message boundary sync, and
             * there's no good way to recover.
             */
            ereport(FATAL,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                     errmsg("invalid frontend message type %d", qtype)));
            maxmsglen = 0;      /* keep compiler quiet */
            break;
    }
 
    /*
     * In protocol version 3, all frontend messages have a length word next
     * after the type code; we can read the message contents independently of
     * the type.
     */
    if (pq_getmessage(inBuf, maxmsglen))
        return EOF;             /* suitable message already logged */
    RESUME_CANCEL_INTERRUPTS();
 
    return qtype;
}
 
/* ----------------
 *      ReadCommand reads a command from either the frontend or
 *      standard input, places it in inBuf, and returns the
 *      message type code (first byte of the message).
 *      EOF is returned if end of file.
 * ----------------
 */
static int
ReadCommand(StringInfo inBuf)
{
    int         result;
 
    if (whereToSendOutput == DestRemote)
        result = SocketBackend(inBuf);
    else
        result = InteractiveBackend(inBuf);
    return result;
}
 
/*
 * ProcessClientReadInterrupt() - Process interrupts specific to client reads
 *
 * This is called just before and after low-level reads.
 * 'blocked' is true if no data was available to read and we plan to retry,
 * false if about to read or done reading.
 *
 * Must preserve errno!
 */
void
ProcessClientReadInterrupt(bool blocked)
{
    int         save_errno = errno;
 
    if (DoingCommandRead)
    {
        /* Check for general interrupts that arrived before/while reading */
        CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
 
        /* Process sinval catchup interrupts, if any */
        if (catchupInterruptPending)
            ProcessCatchupInterrupt();
 
        /* Process notify interrupts, if any */
        if (notifyInterruptPending)
            ProcessNotifyInterrupt(true);
    }
    else if (ProcDiePending)
    {
        /*
         * We're dying.  If there is no data available to read, then it's safe
         * (and sane) to handle that now.  If we haven't tried to read yet,
         * make sure the process latch is set, so that if there is no data
         * then we'll come back here and die.  If we're done reading, also
         * make sure the process latch is set, as we might've undesirably
         * cleared it while reading.
         */
        if (blocked)
            CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
        else
            SetLatch(MyLatch);
    }
 
    errno = save_errno;
}
 
/*
 * ProcessClientWriteInterrupt() - Process interrupts specific to client writes
 *
 * This is called just before and after low-level writes.
 * 'blocked' is true if no data could be written and we plan to retry,
 * false if about to write or done writing.
 *
 * Must preserve errno!
 */
void
ProcessClientWriteInterrupt(bool blocked)
{
    int         save_errno = errno;
 
    if (ProcDiePending)
    {
        /*
         * We're dying.  If it's not possible to write, then we should handle
         * that immediately, else a stuck client could indefinitely delay our
         * response to the signal.  If we haven't tried to write yet, make
         * sure the process latch is set, so that if the write would block
         * then we'll come back here and die.  If we're done writing, also
         * make sure the process latch is set, as we might've undesirably
         * cleared it while writing.
         */
        if (blocked)
        {
            /*
             * Don't mess with whereToSendOutput if ProcessInterrupts wouldn't
             * service ProcDiePending.
             */
            if (InterruptHoldoffCount == 0 && CritSectionCount == 0)
            {
                /*
                 * We don't want to send the client the error message, as a)
                 * that would possibly block again, and b) it would likely
                 * lead to loss of protocol sync because we may have already
                 * sent a partial protocol message.
                 */
                if (whereToSendOutput == DestRemote)
                    whereToSendOutput = DestNone;
 
                CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
            }
        }
        else
            SetLatch(MyLatch);
    }
 
    errno = save_errno;
}
 
/*
 * Do raw parsing (only).
 *
 * A list of parsetrees (RawStmt nodes) is returned, since there might be
 * multiple commands in the given string.
 *
 * NOTE: for interactive queries, it is important to keep this routine
 * separate from the analysis & rewrite stages.  Analysis and rewriting
 * cannot be done in an aborted transaction, since they require access to
 * database tables.  So, we rely on the raw parser to determine whether
 * we've seen a COMMIT or ABORT command; when we are in abort state, other
 * commands are not processed any further than the raw parse stage.
 */
List *
pg_parse_query(const char *query_string)
{
    List       *raw_parsetree_list;
 
    TRACE_POSTGRESQL_QUERY_PARSE_START(query_string);
 
    if (log_parser_stats)
        ResetUsage();
 
    raw_parsetree_list = raw_parser(query_string, RAW_PARSE_DEFAULT);
 
    if (log_parser_stats)
        ShowUsage("PARSER STATISTICS");
 
#ifdef DEBUG_NODE_TESTS_ENABLED
 
    /* Optional debugging check: pass raw parsetrees through copyObject() */
    if (Debug_copy_parse_plan_trees)
    {
        List       *new_list = copyObject(raw_parsetree_list);
 
        /* This checks both copyObject() and the equal() routines... */
        if (!equal(new_list, raw_parsetree_list))
            elog(WARNING, "copyObject() failed to produce an equal raw parse tree");
        else
            raw_parsetree_list = new_list;
    }
 
    /*
     * Optional debugging check: pass raw parsetrees through
     * outfuncs/readfuncs
     */
    if (Debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees)
    {
        char       *str = nodeToStringWithLocations(raw_parsetree_list);
        List       *new_list = stringToNodeWithLocations(str);
 
        pfree(str);
        /* This checks both outfuncs/readfuncs and the equal() routines... */
        if (!equal(new_list, raw_parsetree_list))
            elog(WARNING, "outfuncs/readfuncs failed to produce an equal raw parse tree");
        else
            raw_parsetree_list = new_list;
    }
 
#endif                          /* DEBUG_NODE_TESTS_ENABLED */
 
    TRACE_POSTGRESQL_QUERY_PARSE_DONE(query_string);
 
    if (Debug_print_raw_parse)
        elog_node_display(LOG, "raw parse tree", raw_parsetree_list,
                          Debug_pretty_print);
 
    return raw_parsetree_list;
}
 
/*
 * Given a raw parsetree (gram.y output), and optionally information about
 * types of parameter symbols ($n), perform parse analysis and rule rewriting.
 *
 * A list of Query nodes is returned, since either the analyzer or the
 * rewriter might expand one query to several.
 *
 * NOTE: for reasons mentioned above, this must be separate from raw parsing.
 */
List *
pg_analyze_and_rewrite_fixedparams(RawStmt *parsetree,
                                   const char *query_string,
                                   const Oid *paramTypes,
                                   int numParams,
                                   QueryEnvironment *queryEnv)
{
    Query      *query;
    List       *querytree_list;
 
    TRACE_POSTGRESQL_QUERY_REWRITE_START(query_string);
 
    /*
     * (1) Perform parse analysis.
     */
    if (log_parser_stats)
        ResetUsage();
 
    query = parse_analyze_fixedparams(parsetree, query_string, paramTypes, numParams,
                                      queryEnv);
 
    if (log_parser_stats)
        ShowUsage("PARSE ANALYSIS STATISTICS");
 
    /*
     * (2) Rewrite the queries, as necessary
     */
    querytree_list = pg_rewrite_query(query);
 
    TRACE_POSTGRESQL_QUERY_REWRITE_DONE(query_string);
 
    return querytree_list;
}
 
/*
 * Do parse analysis and rewriting.  This is the same as
 * pg_analyze_and_rewrite_fixedparams except that it's okay to deduce
 * information about $n symbol datatypes from context.
 */
List *
pg_analyze_and_rewrite_varparams(RawStmt *parsetree,
                                 const char *query_string,
                                 Oid **paramTypes,
                                 int *numParams,
                                 QueryEnvironment *queryEnv)
{
    Query      *query;
    List       *querytree_list;
 
    TRACE_POSTGRESQL_QUERY_REWRITE_START(query_string);
 
    /*
     * (1) Perform parse analysis.
     */
    if (log_parser_stats)
        ResetUsage();
 
    query = parse_analyze_varparams(parsetree, query_string, paramTypes, numParams,
                                    queryEnv);
 
    /*
     * Check all parameter types got determined.
     */
    for (int i = 0; i < *numParams; i++)
    {
        Oid         ptype = (*paramTypes)[i];
 
        if (ptype == InvalidOid || ptype == UNKNOWNOID)
            ereport(ERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_INDETERMINATE_DATATYPE),
                     errmsg("could not determine data type of parameter $%d",
                            i + 1)));
    }
 
    if (log_parser_stats)
        ShowUsage("PARSE ANALYSIS STATISTICS");
 
    /*
     * (2) Rewrite the queries, as necessary
     */
    querytree_list = pg_rewrite_query(query);
 
    TRACE_POSTGRESQL_QUERY_REWRITE_DONE(query_string);
 
    return querytree_list;
}
 
/*
 * Do parse analysis and rewriting.  This is the same as
 * pg_analyze_and_rewrite_fixedparams except that, instead of a fixed list of
 * parameter datatypes, a parser callback is supplied that can do
 * external-parameter resolution and possibly other things.
 */
List *
pg_analyze_and_rewrite_withcb(RawStmt *parsetree,
                              const char *query_string,
                              ParserSetupHook parserSetup,
                              void *parserSetupArg,
                              QueryEnvironment *queryEnv)
{
    Query      *query;
    List       *querytree_list;
 
    TRACE_POSTGRESQL_QUERY_REWRITE_START(query_string);
 
    /*
     * (1) Perform parse analysis.
     */
    if (log_parser_stats)
        ResetUsage();
 
    query = parse_analyze_withcb(parsetree, query_string, parserSetup, parserSetupArg,
                                 queryEnv);
 
    if (log_parser_stats)
        ShowUsage("PARSE ANALYSIS STATISTICS");
 
    /*
     * (2) Rewrite the queries, as necessary
     */
    querytree_list = pg_rewrite_query(query);
 
    TRACE_POSTGRESQL_QUERY_REWRITE_DONE(query_string);
 
    return querytree_list;
}
 
/*
 * Perform rewriting of a query produced by parse analysis.
 *
 * Note: query must just have come from the parser, because we do not do
 * AcquireRewriteLocks() on it.
 */
List *
pg_rewrite_query(Query *query)
{
    List       *querytree_list;
 
    if (Debug_print_parse)
        elog_node_display(LOG, "parse tree", query,
                          Debug_pretty_print);
 
    if (log_parser_stats)
        ResetUsage();
 
    if (query->commandType == CMD_UTILITY)
    {
        /* don't rewrite utilities, just dump 'em into result list */
        querytree_list = list_make1(query);
    }
    else
    {
        /* rewrite regular queries */
        querytree_list = QueryRewrite(query);
    }
 
    if (log_parser_stats)
        ShowUsage("REWRITER STATISTICS");
 
#ifdef DEBUG_NODE_TESTS_ENABLED
 
    /* Optional debugging check: pass querytree through copyObject() */
    if (Debug_copy_parse_plan_trees)
    {
        List       *new_list;
 
        new_list = copyObject(querytree_list);
        /* This checks both copyObject() and the equal() routines... */
        if (!equal(new_list, querytree_list))
            elog(WARNING, "copyObject() failed to produce an equal rewritten parse tree");
        else
            querytree_list = new_list;
    }
 
    /* Optional debugging check: pass querytree through outfuncs/readfuncs */
    if (Debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees)
    {
        List       *new_list = NIL;
        ListCell   *lc;
 
        foreach(lc, querytree_list)
        {
            Query      *curr_query = lfirst_node(Query, lc);
            char       *str = nodeToStringWithLocations(curr_query);
            Query      *new_query = stringToNodeWithLocations(str);
 
            /*
             * queryId is not saved in stored rules, but we must preserve it
             * here to avoid breaking pg_stat_statements.
             */
            new_query->queryId = curr_query->queryId;
 
            new_list = lappend(new_list, new_query);
            pfree(str);
        }
 
        /* This checks both outfuncs/readfuncs and the equal() routines... */
        if (!equal(new_list, querytree_list))
            elog(WARNING, "outfuncs/readfuncs failed to produce an equal rewritten parse tree");
        else
            querytree_list = new_list;
    }
 
#endif                          /* DEBUG_NODE_TESTS_ENABLED */
 
    if (Debug_print_rewritten)
        elog_node_display(LOG, "rewritten parse tree", querytree_list,
                          Debug_pretty_print);
 
    return querytree_list;
}
 
 
/*
 * Generate a plan for a single already-rewritten query.
 * This is a thin wrapper around planner() and takes the same parameters.
 */
PlannedStmt *
pg_plan_query(Query *querytree, const char *query_string, int cursorOptions,
              ParamListInfo boundParams, ExplainState *es)
{
    PlannedStmt *plan;
 
    /* Utility commands have no plans. */
    if (querytree->commandType == CMD_UTILITY)
        return NULL;
 
    /* Planner must have a snapshot in case it calls user-defined functions. */
    Assert(ActiveSnapshotSet());
 
    TRACE_POSTGRESQL_QUERY_PLAN_START();
 
    if (log_planner_stats)
        ResetUsage();
 
    /* call the optimizer */
    plan = planner(querytree, query_string, cursorOptions, boundParams, es);
 
    if (log_planner_stats)
        ShowUsage("PLANNER STATISTICS");
 
#ifdef DEBUG_NODE_TESTS_ENABLED
 
    /* Optional debugging check: pass plan tree through copyObject() */
    if (Debug_copy_parse_plan_trees)
    {
        PlannedStmt *new_plan = copyObject(plan);
 
        /*
         * equal() currently does not have routines to compare Plan nodes, so
         * don't try to test equality here.  Perhaps fix someday?
         */
#ifdef NOT_USED
        /* This checks both copyObject() and the equal() routines... */
        if (!equal(new_plan, plan))
            elog(WARNING, "copyObject() failed to produce an equal plan tree");
        else
#endif
            plan = new_plan;
    }
 
    /* Optional debugging check: pass plan tree through outfuncs/readfuncs */
    if (Debug_write_read_parse_plan_trees)
    {
        char       *str;
        PlannedStmt *new_plan;
 
        str = nodeToStringWithLocations(plan);
        new_plan = stringToNodeWithLocations(str);
        pfree(str);
 
        /*
         * equal() currently does not have routines to compare Plan nodes, so
         * don't try to test equality here.  Perhaps fix someday?
         */
#ifdef NOT_USED
        /* This checks both outfuncs/readfuncs and the equal() routines... */
        if (!equal(new_plan, plan))
            elog(WARNING, "outfuncs/readfuncs failed to produce an equal plan tree");
        else
#endif
            plan = new_plan;
    }
 
#endif                          /* DEBUG_NODE_TESTS_ENABLED */
 
    /*
     * Print plan if debugging.
     */
    if (Debug_print_plan)
        elog_node_display(LOG, "plan", plan, Debug_pretty_print);
 
    TRACE_POSTGRESQL_QUERY_PLAN_DONE();
 
    return plan;
}
 
/*
 * Generate plans for a list of already-rewritten queries.
 *
 * For normal optimizable statements, invoke the planner.  For utility
 * statements, just make a wrapper PlannedStmt node.
 *
 * The result is a list of PlannedStmt nodes.
 */
List *
pg_plan_queries(List *querytrees, const char *query_string, int cursorOptions,
                ParamListInfo boundParams)
{
    List       *stmt_list = NIL;
    ListCell   *query_list;
 
    foreach(query_list, querytrees)
    {
        Query      *query = lfirst_node(Query, query_list);
        PlannedStmt *stmt;
 
        if (query->commandType == CMD_UTILITY)
        {
            /* Utility commands require no planning. */
            stmt = makeNode(PlannedStmt);
            stmt->commandType = CMD_UTILITY;
            stmt->canSetTag = query->canSetTag;
            stmt->utilityStmt = query->utilityStmt;
            stmt->stmt_location = query->stmt_location;
            stmt->stmt_len = query->stmt_len;
            stmt->queryId = query->queryId;
            stmt->planOrigin = PLAN_STMT_INTERNAL;
        }
        else
        {
            stmt = pg_plan_query(query, query_string, cursorOptions,
                                 boundParams, NULL);
        }
 
        stmt_list = lappend(stmt_list, stmt);
    }
 
    return stmt_list;
}
 
 
/*
 * exec_simple_query
 *
 * Execute a "simple Query" protocol message.
 */
static void
exec_simple_query(const char *query_string)
{
    CommandDest dest = whereToSendOutput;
    MemoryContext oldcontext;
    List       *parsetree_list;
    ListCell   *parsetree_item;
    bool        save_log_statement_stats = log_statement_stats;
    bool        was_logged = false;
    bool        use_implicit_block;
    char        msec_str[32];
 
    /*
     * Report query to various monitoring facilities.
     */
    debug_query_string = query_string;
 
    pgstat_report_activity(STATE_RUNNING, query_string);
 
    TRACE_POSTGRESQL_QUERY_START(query_string);
 
    /*
     * We use save_log_statement_stats so ShowUsage doesn't report incorrect
     * results because ResetUsage wasn't called.
     */
    if (save_log_statement_stats)
        ResetUsage();
 
    /*
     * Start up a transaction command.  All queries generated by the
     * query_string will be in this same command block, *unless* we find a
     * BEGIN/COMMIT/ABORT statement; we have to force a new xact command after
     * one of those, else bad things will happen in xact.c. (Note that this
     * will normally change current memory context.)
     */
    start_xact_command();
 
    /*
     * Zap any pre-existing unnamed statement.  (While not strictly necessary,
     * it seems best to define simple-Query mode as if it used the unnamed
     * statement and portal; this ensures we recover any storage used by prior
     * unnamed operations.)
     */
    drop_unnamed_stmt();
 
    /*
     * Switch to appropriate context for constructing parsetrees.
     */
    oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(MessageContext);
 
    /*
     * Do basic parsing of the query or queries (this should be safe even if
     * we are in aborted transaction state!)
     */
    parsetree_list = pg_parse_query(query_string);
 
    /* Log immediately if dictated by log_statement */
    if (check_log_statement(parsetree_list))
    {
        ereport(LOG,
                (errmsg("statement: %s", query_string),
                 errhidestmt(true),
                 errdetail_execute(parsetree_list)));
        was_logged = true;
    }
 
    /*
     * Switch back to transaction context to enter the loop.
     */
    MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
 
    /*
     * For historical reasons, if multiple SQL statements are given in a
     * single "simple Query" message, we execute them as a single transaction,
     * unless explicit transaction control commands are included to make
     * portions of the list be separate transactions.  To represent this
     * behavior properly in the transaction machinery, we use an "implicit"
     * transaction block.
     */
    use_implicit_block = (list_length(parsetree_list) > 1);
 
    /*
     * Run through the raw parsetree(s) and process each one.
     */
    foreach(parsetree_item, parsetree_list)
    {
        RawStmt    *parsetree = lfirst_node(RawStmt, parsetree_item);
        bool        snapshot_set = false;
        CommandTag  commandTag;
        QueryCompletion qc;
        MemoryContext per_parsetree_context = NULL;
        List       *querytree_list,
                   *plantree_list;
        Portal      portal;
        DestReceiver *receiver;
        int16       format;
        const char *cmdtagname;
        size_t      cmdtaglen;
 
        pgstat_report_query_id(0, true);
        pgstat_report_plan_id(0, true);
 
        /*
         * Get the command name for use in status display (it also becomes the
         * default completion tag, in PortalDefineQuery).  Set ps_status and
         * do any special start-of-SQL-command processing needed by the
         * destination.
         */
        commandTag = CreateCommandTag(parsetree->stmt);
        cmdtagname = GetCommandTagNameAndLen(commandTag, &cmdtaglen);
 
        set_ps_display_with_len(cmdtagname, cmdtaglen);
 
        BeginCommand(commandTag, dest);
 
        /*
         * If we are in an aborted transaction, reject all commands except
         * COMMIT/ABORT.  It is important that this test occur before we try
         * to do parse analysis, rewrite, or planning, since all those phases
         * try to do database accesses, which may fail in abort state. (It
         * might be safe to allow some additional utility commands in this
         * state, but not many...)
         */
        if (IsAbortedTransactionBlockState() &&
            !IsTransactionExitStmt(parsetree->stmt))
            ereport(ERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_IN_FAILED_SQL_TRANSACTION),
                     errmsg("current transaction is aborted, "
                            "commands ignored until end of transaction block")));
 
        /* Make sure we are in a transaction command */
        start_xact_command();
 
        /*
         * If using an implicit transaction block, and we're not already in a
         * transaction block, start an implicit block to force this statement
         * to be grouped together with any following ones.  (We must do this
         * each time through the loop; otherwise, a COMMIT/ROLLBACK in the
         * list would cause later statements to not be grouped.)
         */
        if (use_implicit_block)
            BeginImplicitTransactionBlock();
 
        /* If we got a cancel signal in parsing or prior command, quit */
        CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
 
        /*
         * Set up a snapshot if parse analysis/planning will need one.
         */
        if (analyze_requires_snapshot(parsetree))
        {
            PushActiveSnapshot(GetTransactionSnapshot());
            snapshot_set = true;
        }
 
        /*
         * OK to analyze, rewrite, and plan this query.
         *
         * Switch to appropriate context for constructing query and plan trees
         * (these can't be in the transaction context, as that will get reset
         * when the command is COMMIT/ROLLBACK).  If we have multiple
         * parsetrees, we use a separate context for each one, so that we can
         * free that memory before moving on to the next one.  But for the
         * last (or only) parsetree, just use MessageContext, which will be
         * reset shortly after completion anyway.  In event of an error, the
         * per_parsetree_context will be deleted when MessageContext is reset.
         */
        if (lnext(parsetree_list, parsetree_item) != NULL)
        {
            per_parsetree_context =
                AllocSetContextCreate(MessageContext,
                                      "per-parsetree message context",
                                      ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_SIZES);
            oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(per_parsetree_context);
        }
        else
            oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(MessageContext);
 
        querytree_list = pg_analyze_and_rewrite_fixedparams(parsetree, query_string,
                                                            NULL, 0, NULL);
 
        plantree_list = pg_plan_queries(querytree_list, query_string,
                                        CURSOR_OPT_PARALLEL_OK, NULL);
 
        /*
         * Done with the snapshot used for parsing/planning.
         *
         * While it looks promising to reuse the same snapshot for query
         * execution (at least for simple protocol), unfortunately it causes
         * execution to use a snapshot that has been acquired before locking
         * any of the tables mentioned in the query.  This creates user-
         * visible anomalies, so refrain.  Refer to
         * https://postgr.es/m/flat/5075D8DF.6050500@fuzzy.cz for details.
         */
        if (snapshot_set)
            PopActiveSnapshot();
 
        /* If we got a cancel signal in analysis or planning, quit */
        CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
 
        /*
         * Create unnamed portal to run the query or queries in. If there
         * already is one, silently drop it.
         */
        portal = CreatePortal("", true, true);
        /* Don't display the portal in pg_cursors */
        portal->visible = false;
 
        /*
         * We don't have to copy anything into the portal, because everything
         * we are passing here is in MessageContext or the
         * per_parsetree_context, and so will outlive the portal anyway.
         */
        PortalDefineQuery(portal,
                          NULL,
                          query_string,
                          commandTag,
                          plantree_list,
                          NULL);
 
        /*
         * Start the portal.  No parameters here.
         */
        PortalStart(portal, NULL, 0, InvalidSnapshot);
 
        /*
         * Select the appropriate output format: text unless we are doing a
         * FETCH from a binary cursor.  (Pretty grotty to have to do this here
         * --- but it avoids grottiness in other places.  Ah, the joys of
         * backward compatibility...)
         */
        format = 0;             /* TEXT is default */
        if (IsA(parsetree->stmt, FetchStmt))
        {
            FetchStmt  *stmt = (FetchStmt *) parsetree->stmt;
 
            if (!stmt->ismove)
            {
                Portal      fportal = GetPortalByName(stmt->portalname);
 
                if (PortalIsValid(fportal) &&
                    (fportal->cursorOptions & CURSOR_OPT_BINARY))
                    format = 1; /* BINARY */
            }
        }
        PortalSetResultFormat(portal, 1, &format);
 
        /*
         * Now we can create the destination receiver object.
         */
        receiver = CreateDestReceiver(dest);
        if (dest == DestRemote)
            SetRemoteDestReceiverParams(receiver, portal);
 
        /*
         * Switch back to transaction context for execution.
         */
        MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
 
        /*
         * Run the portal to completion, and then drop it (and the receiver).
         */
        (void) PortalRun(portal,
                         FETCH_ALL,
                         true,  /* always top level */
                         receiver,
                         receiver,
                         &qc);
 
        receiver->rDestroy(receiver);
 
        PortalDrop(portal, false);
 
        if (lnext(parsetree_list, parsetree_item) == NULL)
        {
            /*
             * If this is the last parsetree of the query string, close down
             * transaction statement before reporting command-complete.  This
             * is so that any end-of-transaction errors are reported before
             * the command-complete message is issued, to avoid confusing
             * clients who will expect either a command-complete message or an
             * error, not one and then the other.  Also, if we're using an
             * implicit transaction block, we must close that out first.
             */
            if (use_implicit_block)
                EndImplicitTransactionBlock();
            finish_xact_command();
        }
        else if (IsA(parsetree->stmt, TransactionStmt))
        {
            /*
             * If this was a transaction control statement, commit it. We will
             * start a new xact command for the next command.
             */
            finish_xact_command();
        }
        else
        {
            /*
             * We had better not see XACT_FLAGS_NEEDIMMEDIATECOMMIT set if
             * we're not calling finish_xact_command().  (The implicit
             * transaction block should have prevented it from getting set.)
             */
            Assert(!(MyXactFlags & XACT_FLAGS_NEEDIMMEDIATECOMMIT));
 
            /*
             * We need a CommandCounterIncrement after every query, except
             * those that start or end a transaction block.
             */
            CommandCounterIncrement();
 
            /*
             * Disable statement timeout between queries of a multi-query
             * string, so that the timeout applies separately to each query.
             * (Our next loop iteration will start a fresh timeout.)
             */
            disable_statement_timeout();
        }
 
        /*
         * Tell client that we're done with this query.  Note we emit exactly
         * one EndCommand report for each raw parsetree, thus one for each SQL
         * command the client sent, regardless of rewriting. (But a command
         * aborted by error will not send an EndCommand report at all.)
         */
        EndCommand(&qc, dest, false);
 
        /* Now we may drop the per-parsetree context, if one was created. */
        if (per_parsetree_context)
            MemoryContextDelete(per_parsetree_context);
    }                           /* end loop over parsetrees */
 
    /*
     * Close down transaction statement, if one is open.  (This will only do
     * something if the parsetree list was empty; otherwise the last loop
     * iteration already did it.)
     */
    finish_xact_command();
 
    /*
     * If there were no parsetrees, return EmptyQueryResponse message.
     */
    if (!parsetree_list)
        NullCommand(dest);
 
    /*
     * Emit duration logging if appropriate.
     */
    switch (check_log_duration(msec_str, was_logged))
    {
        case 1:
            ereport(LOG,
                    (errmsg("duration: %s ms", msec_str),
                     errhidestmt(true)));
            break;
        case 2:
            ereport(LOG,
                    (errmsg("duration: %s ms  statement: %s",
                            msec_str, query_string),
                     errhidestmt(true),
                     errdetail_execute(parsetree_list)));
            break;
    }
 
    if (save_log_statement_stats)
        ShowUsage("QUERY STATISTICS");
 
    TRACE_POSTGRESQL_QUERY_DONE(query_string);
 
    debug_query_string = NULL;
}
 
/*
 * exec_parse_message
 *
 * Execute a "Parse" protocol message.
 */
static void
exec_parse_message(const char *query_string,    /* string to execute */
                   const char *stmt_name,   /* name for prepared stmt */
                   Oid *paramTypes, /* parameter types */
                   int numParams)   /* number of parameters */
{
    MemoryContext unnamed_stmt_context = NULL;
    MemoryContext oldcontext;
    List       *parsetree_list;
    RawStmt    *raw_parse_tree;
    List       *querytree_list;
    CachedPlanSource *psrc;
    bool        is_named;
    bool        save_log_statement_stats = log_statement_stats;
    char        msec_str[32];
 
    /*
     * Report query to various monitoring facilities.
     */
    debug_query_string = query_string;
 
    pgstat_report_activity(STATE_RUNNING, query_string);
 
    set_ps_display("PARSE");
 
    if (save_log_statement_stats)
        ResetUsage();
 
    ereport(DEBUG2,
            (errmsg_internal("parse %s: %s",
                             *stmt_name ? stmt_name : "<unnamed>",
                             query_string)));
 
    /*
     * Start up a transaction command so we can run parse analysis etc. (Note
     * that this will normally change current memory context.) Nothing happens
     * if we are already in one.  This also arms the statement timeout if
     * necessary.
     */
    start_xact_command();
 
    /*
     * Switch to appropriate context for constructing parsetrees.
     *
     * We have two strategies depending on whether the prepared statement is
     * named or not.  For a named prepared statement, we do parsing in
     * MessageContext and copy the finished trees into the prepared
     * statement's plancache entry; then the reset of MessageContext releases
     * temporary space used by parsing and rewriting. For an unnamed prepared
     * statement, we assume the statement isn't going to hang around long, so
     * getting rid of temp space quickly is probably not worth the costs of
     * copying parse trees.  So in this case, we create the plancache entry's
     * query_context here, and do all the parsing work therein.
     */
    is_named = (stmt_name[0] != '\0');
    if (is_named)
    {
        /* Named prepared statement --- parse in MessageContext */
        oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(MessageContext);
    }
    else
    {
        /* Unnamed prepared statement --- release any prior unnamed stmt */
        drop_unnamed_stmt();
        /* Create context for parsing */
        unnamed_stmt_context =
            AllocSetContextCreate(MessageContext,
                                  "unnamed prepared statement",
                                  ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_SIZES);
        oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(unnamed_stmt_context);
    }
 
    /*
     * Do basic parsing of the query or queries (this should be safe even if
     * we are in aborted transaction state!)
     */
    parsetree_list = pg_parse_query(query_string);
 
    /*
     * We only allow a single user statement in a prepared statement. This is
     * mainly to keep the protocol simple --- otherwise we'd need to worry
     * about multiple result tupdescs and things like that.
     */
    if (list_length(parsetree_list) > 1)
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
                 errmsg("cannot insert multiple commands into a prepared statement")));
 
    if (parsetree_list != NIL)
    {
        bool        snapshot_set = false;
 
        raw_parse_tree = linitial_node(RawStmt, parsetree_list);
 
        /*
         * If we are in an aborted transaction, reject all commands except
         * COMMIT/ROLLBACK.  It is important that this test occur before we
         * try to do parse analysis, rewrite, or planning, since all those
         * phases try to do database accesses, which may fail in abort state.
         * (It might be safe to allow some additional utility commands in this
         * state, but not many...)
         */
        if (IsAbortedTransactionBlockState() &&
            !IsTransactionExitStmt(raw_parse_tree->stmt))
            ereport(ERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_IN_FAILED_SQL_TRANSACTION),
                     errmsg("current transaction is aborted, "
                            "commands ignored until end of transaction block")));
 
        /*
         * Create the CachedPlanSource before we do parse analysis, since it
         * needs to see the unmodified raw parse tree.
         */
        psrc = CreateCachedPlan(raw_parse_tree, query_string,
                                CreateCommandTag(raw_parse_tree->stmt));
 
        /*
         * Set up a snapshot if parse analysis will need one.
         */
        if (analyze_requires_snapshot(raw_parse_tree))
        {
            PushActiveSnapshot(GetTransactionSnapshot());
            snapshot_set = true;
        }
 
        /*
         * Analyze and rewrite the query.  Note that the originally specified
         * parameter set is not required to be complete, so we have to use
         * pg_analyze_and_rewrite_varparams().
         */
        querytree_list = pg_analyze_and_rewrite_varparams(raw_parse_tree,
                                                          query_string,
                                                          &paramTypes,
                                                          &numParams,
                                                          NULL);
 
        /* Done with the snapshot used for parsing */
        if (snapshot_set)
            PopActiveSnapshot();
    }
    else
    {
        /* Empty input string.  This is legal. */
        raw_parse_tree = NULL;
        psrc = CreateCachedPlan(raw_parse_tree, query_string,
                                CMDTAG_UNKNOWN);
        querytree_list = NIL;
    }
 
    /*
     * CachedPlanSource must be a direct child of MessageContext before we
     * reparent unnamed_stmt_context under it, else we have a disconnected
     * circular subgraph.  Klugy, but less so than flipping contexts even more
     * above.
     */
    if (unnamed_stmt_context)
        MemoryContextSetParent(psrc->context, MessageContext);
 
    /* Finish filling in the CachedPlanSource */
    CompleteCachedPlan(psrc,
                       querytree_list,
                       unnamed_stmt_context,
                       paramTypes,
                       numParams,
                       NULL,
                       NULL,
                       CURSOR_OPT_PARALLEL_OK,  /* allow parallel mode */
                       true);   /* fixed result */
 
    /* If we got a cancel signal during analysis, quit */
    CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
 
    if (is_named)
    {
        /*
         * Store the query as a prepared statement.
         */
        StorePreparedStatement(stmt_name, psrc, false);
    }
    else
    {
        /*
         * We just save the CachedPlanSource into unnamed_stmt_psrc.
         */
        SaveCachedPlan(psrc);
        unnamed_stmt_psrc = psrc;
    }
 
    MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
 
    /*
     * We do NOT close the open transaction command here; that only happens
     * when the client sends Sync.  Instead, do CommandCounterIncrement just
     * in case something happened during parse/plan.
     */
    CommandCounterIncrement();
 
    /*
     * Send ParseComplete.
     */
    if (whereToSendOutput == DestRemote)
        pq_putemptymessage(PqMsg_ParseComplete);
 
    /*
     * Emit duration logging if appropriate.
     */
    switch (check_log_duration(msec_str, false))
    {
        case 1:
            ereport(LOG,
                    (errmsg("duration: %s ms", msec_str),
                     errhidestmt(true)));
            break;
        case 2:
            ereport(LOG,
                    (errmsg("duration: %s ms  parse %s: %s",
                            msec_str,
                            *stmt_name ? stmt_name : "<unnamed>",
                            query_string),
                     errhidestmt(true)));
            break;
    }
 
    if (save_log_statement_stats)
        ShowUsage("PARSE MESSAGE STATISTICS");
 
    debug_query_string = NULL;
}
 
/*
 * exec_bind_message
 *
 * Process a "Bind" message to create a portal from a prepared statement
 */
static void
exec_bind_message(StringInfo input_message)
{
    const char *portal_name;
    const char *stmt_name;
    int         numPFormats;
    int16      *pformats = NULL;
    int         numParams;
    int         numRFormats;
    int16      *rformats = NULL;
    CachedPlanSource *psrc;
    CachedPlan *cplan;
    Portal      portal;
    char       *query_string;
    char       *saved_stmt_name;
    ParamListInfo params;
    MemoryContext oldContext;
    bool        save_log_statement_stats = log_statement_stats;
    bool        snapshot_set = false;
    char        msec_str[32];
    ParamsErrorCbData params_data;
    ErrorContextCallback params_errcxt;
    ListCell   *lc;
 
    /* Get the fixed part of the message */
    portal_name = pq_getmsgstring(input_message);
    stmt_name = pq_getmsgstring(input_message);
 
    ereport(DEBUG2,
            (errmsg_internal("bind %s to %s",
                             *portal_name ? portal_name : "<unnamed>",
                             *stmt_name ? stmt_name : "<unnamed>")));
 
    /* Find prepared statement */
    if (stmt_name[0] != '\0')
    {
        PreparedStatement *pstmt;
 
        pstmt = FetchPreparedStatement(stmt_name, true);
        psrc = pstmt->plansource;
    }
    else
    {
        /* special-case the unnamed statement */
        psrc = unnamed_stmt_psrc;
        if (!psrc)
            ereport(ERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_PSTATEMENT),
                     errmsg("unnamed prepared statement does not exist")));
    }
 
    /*
     * Report query to various monitoring facilities.
     */
    debug_query_string = psrc->query_string;
 
    pgstat_report_activity(STATE_RUNNING, psrc->query_string);
 
    foreach(lc, psrc->query_list)
    {
        Query      *query = lfirst_node(Query, lc);
 
        if (query->queryId != INT64CONST(0))
        {
            pgstat_report_query_id(query->queryId, false);
            break;
        }
    }
 
    set_ps_display("BIND");
 
    if (save_log_statement_stats)
        ResetUsage();
 
    /*
     * Start up a transaction command so we can call functions etc. (Note that
     * this will normally change current memory context.) Nothing happens if
     * we are already in one.  This also arms the statement timeout if
     * necessary.
     */
    start_xact_command();
 
    /* Switch back to message context */
    MemoryContextSwitchTo(MessageContext);
 
    /* Get the parameter format codes */
    numPFormats = pq_getmsgint(input_message, 2);
    if (numPFormats > 0)
    {
        pformats = palloc_array(int16, numPFormats);
        for (int i = 0; i < numPFormats; i++)
            pformats[i] = pq_getmsgint(input_message, 2);
    }
 
    /* Get the parameter value count */
    numParams = pq_getmsgint(input_message, 2);
 
    if (numPFormats > 1 && numPFormats != numParams)
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                 errmsg("bind message has %d parameter formats but %d parameters",
                        numPFormats, numParams)));
 
    if (numParams != psrc->num_params)
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                 errmsg("bind message supplies %d parameters, but prepared statement \"%s\" requires %d",
                        numParams, stmt_name, psrc->num_params)));
 
    /*
     * If we are in aborted transaction state, the only portals we can
     * actually run are those containing COMMIT or ROLLBACK commands. We
     * disallow binding anything else to avoid problems with infrastructure
     * that expects to run inside a valid transaction.  We also disallow
     * binding any parameters, since we can't risk calling user-defined I/O
     * functions.
     */
    if (IsAbortedTransactionBlockState() &&
        (!(psrc->raw_parse_tree &&
           IsTransactionExitStmt(psrc->raw_parse_tree->stmt)) ||
         numParams != 0))
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_IN_FAILED_SQL_TRANSACTION),
                 errmsg("current transaction is aborted, "
                        "commands ignored until end of transaction block")));
 
    /*
     * Create the portal.  Allow silent replacement of an existing portal only
     * if the unnamed portal is specified.
     */
    if (portal_name[0] == '\0')
        portal = CreatePortal(portal_name, true, true);
    else
        portal = CreatePortal(portal_name, false, false);
 
    /*
     * Prepare to copy stuff into the portal's memory context.  We do all this
     * copying first, because it could possibly fail (out-of-memory) and we
     * don't want a failure to occur between GetCachedPlan and
     * PortalDefineQuery; that would result in leaking our plancache refcount.
     */
    oldContext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(portal->portalContext);
 
    /* Copy the plan's query string into the portal */
    query_string = pstrdup(psrc->query_string);
 
    /* Likewise make a copy of the statement name, unless it's unnamed */
    if (stmt_name[0])
        saved_stmt_name = pstrdup(stmt_name);
    else
        saved_stmt_name = NULL;
 
    /*
     * Set a snapshot if we have parameters to fetch (since the input
     * functions might need it) or the query isn't a utility command (and
     * hence could require redoing parse analysis and planning).  We keep the
     * snapshot active till we're done, so that plancache.c doesn't have to
     * take new ones.
     */
    if (numParams > 0 ||
        (psrc->raw_parse_tree &&
         analyze_requires_snapshot(psrc->raw_parse_tree)))
    {
        PushActiveSnapshot(GetTransactionSnapshot());
        snapshot_set = true;
    }
 
    /*
     * Fetch parameters, if any, and store in the portal's memory context.
     */
    if (numParams > 0)
    {
        char      **knownTextValues = NULL; /* allocate on first use */
        BindParamCbData one_param_data;
 
        /*
         * Set up an error callback so that if there's an error in this phase,
         * we can report the specific parameter causing the problem.
         */
        one_param_data.portalName = portal->name;
        one_param_data.paramno = -1;
        one_param_data.paramval = NULL;
        params_errcxt.previous = error_context_stack;
        params_errcxt.callback = bind_param_error_callback;
        params_errcxt.arg = &one_param_data;
        error_context_stack = &params_errcxt;
 
        params = makeParamList(numParams);
 
        for (int paramno = 0; paramno < numParams; paramno++)
        {
            Oid         ptype = psrc->param_types[paramno];
            int32       plength;
            Datum       pval;
            bool        isNull;
            StringInfoData pbuf;
            char        csave;
            int16       pformat;
 
            one_param_data.paramno = paramno;
            one_param_data.paramval = NULL;
 
            plength = pq_getmsgint(input_message, 4);
            isNull = (plength == -1);
 
            if (!isNull)
            {
                char       *pvalue;
 
                /*
                 * Rather than copying data around, we just initialize a
                 * StringInfo pointing to the correct portion of the message
                 * buffer.  We assume we can scribble on the message buffer to
                 * add a trailing NUL which is required for the input function
                 * call.
                 */
                pvalue = unconstify(char *, pq_getmsgbytes(input_message, plength));
                csave = pvalue[plength];
                pvalue[plength] = '\0';
                initReadOnlyStringInfo(&pbuf, pvalue, plength);
            }
            else
            {
                pbuf.data = NULL;   /* keep compiler quiet */
                csave = 0;
            }
 
            if (numPFormats > 1)
                pformat = pformats[paramno];
            else if (numPFormats > 0)
                pformat = pformats[0];
            else
                pformat = 0;    /* default = text */
 
            if (pformat == 0)   /* text mode */
            {
                Oid         typinput;
                Oid         typioparam;
                char       *pstring;
 
                getTypeInputInfo(ptype, &typinput, &typioparam);
 
                /*
                 * We have to do encoding conversion before calling the
                 * typinput routine.
                 */
                if (isNull)
                    pstring = NULL;
                else
                    pstring = pg_client_to_server(pbuf.data, plength);
 
                /* Now we can log the input string in case of error */
                one_param_data.paramval = pstring;
 
                pval = OidInputFunctionCall(typinput, pstring, typioparam, -1);
 
                one_param_data.paramval = NULL;
 
                /*
                 * If we might need to log parameters later, save a copy of
                 * the converted string in MessageContext; then free the
                 * result of encoding conversion, if any was done.
                 */
                if (pstring)
                {
                    if (log_parameter_max_length_on_error != 0)
                    {
                        MemoryContext oldcxt;
 
                        oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo(MessageContext);
 
                        if (knownTextValues == NULL)
                            knownTextValues = palloc0_array(char *, numParams);
 
                        if (log_parameter_max_length_on_error < 0)
                            knownTextValues[paramno] = pstrdup(pstring);
                        else
                        {
                            /*
                             * We can trim the saved string, knowing that we
                             * won't print all of it.  But we must copy at
                             * least two more full characters than
                             * BuildParamLogString wants to use; otherwise it
                             * might fail to include the trailing ellipsis.
                             */
                            knownTextValues[paramno] =
                                pnstrdup(pstring,
                                         log_parameter_max_length_on_error
                                         + 2 * MAX_MULTIBYTE_CHAR_LEN);
                        }
 
                        MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
                    }
                    if (pstring != pbuf.data)
                        pfree(pstring);
                }
            }
            else if (pformat == 1)  /* binary mode */
            {
                Oid         typreceive;
                Oid         typioparam;
                StringInfo  bufptr;
 
                /*
                 * Call the parameter type's binary input converter
                 */
                getTypeBinaryInputInfo(ptype, &typreceive, &typioparam);
 
                if (isNull)
                    bufptr = NULL;
                else
                    bufptr = &pbuf;
 
                pval = OidReceiveFunctionCall(typreceive, bufptr, typioparam, -1);
 
                /* Trouble if it didn't eat the whole buffer */
                if (!isNull && pbuf.cursor != pbuf.len)
                    ereport(ERROR,
                            (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_BINARY_REPRESENTATION),
                             errmsg("incorrect binary data format in bind parameter %d",
                                    paramno + 1)));
            }
            else
            {
                ereport(ERROR,
                        (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
                         errmsg("unsupported format code: %d",
                                pformat)));
                pval = 0;       /* keep compiler quiet */
            }
 
            /* Restore message buffer contents */
            if (!isNull)
                pbuf.data[plength] = csave;
 
            params->params[paramno].value = pval;
            params->params[paramno].isnull = isNull;
 
            /*
             * We mark the params as CONST.  This ensures that any custom plan
             * makes full use of the parameter values.
             */
            params->params[paramno].pflags = PARAM_FLAG_CONST;
            params->params[paramno].ptype = ptype;
        }
 
        /* Pop the per-parameter error callback */
        error_context_stack = error_context_stack->previous;
 
        /*
         * Once all parameters have been received, prepare for printing them
         * in future errors, if configured to do so.  (This is saved in the
         * portal, so that they'll appear when the query is executed later.)
         */
        if (log_parameter_max_length_on_error != 0)
            params->paramValuesStr =
                BuildParamLogString(params,
                                    knownTextValues,
                                    log_parameter_max_length_on_error);
    }
    else
        params = NULL;
 
    /* Done storing stuff in portal's context */
    MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldContext);
 
    /*
     * Set up another error callback so that all the parameters are logged if
     * we get an error during the rest of the BIND processing.
     */
    params_data.portalName = portal->name;
    params_data.params = params;
    params_errcxt.previous = error_context_stack;
    params_errcxt.callback = ParamsErrorCallback;
    params_errcxt.arg = &params_data;
    error_context_stack = &params_errcxt;
 
    /* Get the result format codes */
    numRFormats = pq_getmsgint(input_message, 2);
    if (numRFormats > 0)
    {
        rformats = palloc_array(int16, numRFormats);
        for (int i = 0; i < numRFormats; i++)
            rformats[i] = pq_getmsgint(input_message, 2);
    }
 
    pq_getmsgend(input_message);
 
    /*
     * Obtain a plan from the CachedPlanSource.  Any cruft from (re)planning
     * will be generated in MessageContext.  The plan refcount will be
     * assigned to the Portal, so it will be released at portal destruction.
     */
    cplan = GetCachedPlan(psrc, params, NULL, NULL);
 
    /*
     * Now we can define the portal.
     *
     * DO NOT put any code that could possibly throw an error between the
     * above GetCachedPlan call and here.
     */
    PortalDefineQuery(portal,
                      saved_stmt_name,
                      query_string,
                      psrc->commandTag,
                      cplan->stmt_list,
                      cplan);
 
    /* Portal is defined, set the plan ID based on its contents. */
    foreach(lc, portal->stmts)
    {
        PlannedStmt *plan = lfirst_node(PlannedStmt, lc);
 
        if (plan->planId != INT64CONST(0))
        {
            pgstat_report_plan_id(plan->planId, false);
            break;
        }
    }
 
    /* Done with the snapshot used for parameter I/O and parsing/planning */
    if (snapshot_set)
        PopActiveSnapshot();
 
    /*
     * And we're ready to start portal execution.
     */
    PortalStart(portal, params, 0, InvalidSnapshot);
 
    /*
     * Apply the result format requests to the portal.
     */
    PortalSetResultFormat(portal, numRFormats, rformats);
 
    /*
     * Done binding; remove the parameters error callback.  Entries emitted
     * later determine independently whether to log the parameters or not.
     */
    error_context_stack = error_context_stack->previous;
 
    /*
     * Send BindComplete.
     */
    if (whereToSendOutput == DestRemote)
        pq_putemptymessage(PqMsg_BindComplete);
 
    /*
     * Emit duration logging if appropriate.
     */
    switch (check_log_duration(msec_str, false))
    {
        case 1:
            ereport(LOG,
                    (errmsg("duration: %s ms", msec_str),
                     errhidestmt(true)));
            break;
        case 2:
            ereport(LOG,
                    (errmsg("duration: %s ms  bind %s%s%s: %s",
                            msec_str,
                            *stmt_name ? stmt_name : "<unnamed>",
                            *portal_name ? "/" : "",
                            *portal_name ? portal_name : "",
                            psrc->query_string),
                     errhidestmt(true),
                     errdetail_params(params)));
            break;
    }
 
    if (save_log_statement_stats)
        ShowUsage("BIND MESSAGE STATISTICS");
 
    valgrind_report_error_query(debug_query_string);
 
    debug_query_string = NULL;
}
 
/*
 * exec_execute_message
 *
 * Process an "Execute" message for a portal
 */
static void
exec_execute_message(const char *portal_name, long max_rows)
{
    CommandDest dest;
    DestReceiver *receiver;
    Portal      portal;
    bool        completed;
    QueryCompletion qc;
    const char *sourceText;
    const char *prepStmtName;
    ParamListInfo portalParams;
    bool        save_log_statement_stats = log_statement_stats;
    bool        is_xact_command;
    bool        execute_is_fetch;
    bool        was_logged = false;
    char        msec_str[32];
    ParamsErrorCbData params_data;
    ErrorContextCallback params_errcxt;
    const char *cmdtagname;
    size_t      cmdtaglen;
    ListCell   *lc;
 
    /* Adjust destination to tell printtup.c what to do */
    dest = whereToSendOutput;
    if (dest == DestRemote)
        dest = DestRemoteExecute;
 
    portal = GetPortalByName(portal_name);
    if (!PortalIsValid(portal))
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_CURSOR),
                 errmsg("portal \"%s\" does not exist", portal_name)));
 
    /*
     * If the original query was a null string, just return
     * EmptyQueryResponse.
     */
    if (portal->commandTag == CMDTAG_UNKNOWN)
    {
        Assert(portal->stmts == NIL);
        NullCommand(dest);
        return;
    }
 
    /* Does the portal contain a transaction command? */
    is_xact_command = IsTransactionStmtList(portal->stmts);
 
    /*
     * We must copy the sourceText and prepStmtName into MessageContext in
     * case the portal is destroyed during finish_xact_command.  We do not
     * make a copy of the portalParams though, preferring to just not print
     * them in that case.
     */
    sourceText = pstrdup(portal->sourceText);
    if (portal->prepStmtName)
        prepStmtName = pstrdup(portal->prepStmtName);
    else
        prepStmtName = "<unnamed>";
    portalParams = portal->portalParams;
 
    /*
     * Report query to various monitoring facilities.
     */
    debug_query_string = sourceText;
 
    pgstat_report_activity(STATE_RUNNING, sourceText);
 
    foreach(lc, portal->stmts)
    {
        PlannedStmt *stmt = lfirst_node(PlannedStmt, lc);
 
        if (stmt->queryId != INT64CONST(0))
        {
            pgstat_report_query_id(stmt->queryId, false);
            break;
        }
    }
 
    foreach(lc, portal->stmts)
    {
        PlannedStmt *stmt = lfirst_node(PlannedStmt, lc);
 
        if (stmt->planId != INT64CONST(0))
        {
            pgstat_report_plan_id(stmt->planId, false);
            break;
        }
    }
 
    cmdtagname = GetCommandTagNameAndLen(portal->commandTag, &cmdtaglen);
 
    set_ps_display_with_len(cmdtagname, cmdtaglen);
 
    if (save_log_statement_stats)
        ResetUsage();
 
    BeginCommand(portal->commandTag, dest);
 
    /*
     * Create dest receiver in MessageContext (we don't want it in transaction
     * context, because that may get deleted if portal contains VACUUM).
     */
    receiver = CreateDestReceiver(dest);
    if (dest == DestRemoteExecute)
        SetRemoteDestReceiverParams(receiver, portal);
 
    /*
     * Ensure we are in a transaction command (this should normally be the
     * case already due to prior BIND).
     */
    start_xact_command();
 
    /*
     * If we re-issue an Execute protocol request against an existing portal,
     * then we are only fetching more rows rather than completely re-executing
     * the query from the start. atStart is never reset for a v3 portal, so we
     * are safe to use this check.
     */
    execute_is_fetch = !portal->atStart;
 
    /* Log immediately if dictated by log_statement */
    if (check_log_statement(portal->stmts))
    {
        ereport(LOG,
                (errmsg("%s %s%s%s: %s",
                        execute_is_fetch ?
                        _("execute fetch from") :
                        _("execute"),
                        prepStmtName,
                        *portal_name ? "/" : "",
                        *portal_name ? portal_name : "",
                        sourceText),
                 errhidestmt(true),
                 errdetail_params(portalParams)));
        was_logged = true;
    }
 
    /*
     * If we are in aborted transaction state, the only portals we can
     * actually run are those containing COMMIT or ROLLBACK commands.
     */
    if (IsAbortedTransactionBlockState() &&
        !IsTransactionExitStmtList(portal->stmts))
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_IN_FAILED_SQL_TRANSACTION),
                 errmsg("current transaction is aborted, "
                        "commands ignored until end of transaction block")));
 
    /* Check for cancel signal before we start execution */
    CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
 
    /*
     * Okay to run the portal.  Set the error callback so that parameters are
     * logged.  The parameters must have been saved during the bind phase.
     */
    params_data.portalName = portal->name;
    params_data.params = portalParams;
    params_errcxt.previous = error_context_stack;
    params_errcxt.callback = ParamsErrorCallback;
    params_errcxt.arg = &params_data;
    error_context_stack = &params_errcxt;
 
    if (max_rows <= 0)
        max_rows = FETCH_ALL;
 
    completed = PortalRun(portal,
                          max_rows,
                          true, /* always top level */
                          receiver,
                          receiver,
                          &qc);
 
    receiver->rDestroy(receiver);
 
    /* Done executing; remove the params error callback */
    error_context_stack = error_context_stack->previous;
 
    if (completed)
    {
        if (is_xact_command || (MyXactFlags & XACT_FLAGS_NEEDIMMEDIATECOMMIT))
        {
            /*
             * If this was a transaction control statement, commit it.  We
             * will start a new xact command for the next command (if any).
             * Likewise if the statement required immediate commit.  Without
             * this provision, we wouldn't force commit until Sync is
             * received, which creates a hazard if the client tries to
             * pipeline immediate-commit statements.
             */
            finish_xact_command();
 
            /*
             * These commands typically don't have any parameters, and even if
             * one did we couldn't print them now because the storage went
             * away during finish_xact_command.  So pretend there were none.
             */
            portalParams = NULL;
        }
        else
        {
            /*
             * We need a CommandCounterIncrement after every query, except
             * those that start or end a transaction block.
             */
            CommandCounterIncrement();
 
            /*
             * Set XACT_FLAGS_PIPELINING whenever we complete an Execute
             * message without immediately committing the transaction.
             */
            MyXactFlags |= XACT_FLAGS_PIPELINING;
 
            /*
             * Disable statement timeout whenever we complete an Execute
             * message.  The next protocol message will start a fresh timeout.
             */
            disable_statement_timeout();
        }
 
        /* Send appropriate CommandComplete to client */
        EndCommand(&qc, dest, false);
    }
    else
    {
        /* Portal run not complete, so send PortalSuspended */
        if (whereToSendOutput == DestRemote)
            pq_putemptymessage(PqMsg_PortalSuspended);
 
        /*
         * Set XACT_FLAGS_PIPELINING whenever we suspend an Execute message,
         * too.
         */
        MyXactFlags |= XACT_FLAGS_PIPELINING;
    }
 
    /*
     * Emit duration logging if appropriate.
     */
    switch (check_log_duration(msec_str, was_logged))
    {
        case 1:
            ereport(LOG,
                    (errmsg("duration: %s ms", msec_str),
                     errhidestmt(true)));
            break;
        case 2:
            ereport(LOG,
                    (errmsg("duration: %s ms  %s %s%s%s: %s",
                            msec_str,
                            execute_is_fetch ?
                            _("execute fetch from") :
                            _("execute"),
                            prepStmtName,
                            *portal_name ? "/" : "",
                            *portal_name ? portal_name : "",
                            sourceText),
                     errhidestmt(true),
                     errdetail_params(portalParams)));
            break;
    }
 
    if (save_log_statement_stats)
        ShowUsage("EXECUTE MESSAGE STATISTICS");
 
    valgrind_report_error_query(debug_query_string);
 
    debug_query_string = NULL;
}
 
/*
 * check_log_statement
 *      Determine whether command should be logged because of log_statement
 *
 * stmt_list can be either raw grammar output or a list of planned
 * statements
 */
static bool
check_log_statement(List *stmt_list)
{
    ListCell   *stmt_item;
 
    if (log_statement == LOGSTMT_NONE)
        return false;
    if (log_statement == LOGSTMT_ALL)
        return true;
 
    /* Else we have to inspect the statement(s) to see whether to log */
    foreach(stmt_item, stmt_list)
    {
        Node       *stmt = (Node *) lfirst(stmt_item);
 
        if (GetCommandLogLevel(stmt) <= log_statement)
            return true;
    }
 
    return false;
}
 
/*
 * check_log_duration
 *      Determine whether current command's duration should be logged
 *      We also check if this statement in this transaction must be logged
 *      (regardless of its duration).
 *
 * Returns:
 *      0 if no logging is needed
 *      1 if just the duration should be logged
 *      2 if duration and query details should be logged
 *
 * If logging is needed, the duration in msec is formatted into msec_str[],
 * which must be a 32-byte buffer.
 *
 * was_logged should be true if caller already logged query details (this
 * essentially prevents 2 from being returned).
 */
int
check_log_duration(char *msec_str, bool was_logged)
{
    if (log_duration || log_min_duration_sample >= 0 ||
        log_min_duration_statement >= 0 || xact_is_sampled)
    {
        long        secs;
        int         usecs;
        int         msecs;
        bool        exceeded_duration;
        bool        exceeded_sample_duration;
        bool        in_sample = false;
 
        TimestampDifference(GetCurrentStatementStartTimestamp(),
                            GetCurrentTimestamp(),
                            &secs, &usecs);
        msecs = usecs / 1000;
 
        /*
         * This odd-looking test for log_min_duration_* being exceeded is
         * designed to avoid integer overflow with very long durations: don't
         * compute secs * 1000 until we've verified it will fit in int.
         */
        exceeded_duration = (log_min_duration_statement == 0 ||
                             (log_min_duration_statement > 0 &&
                              (secs > log_min_duration_statement / 1000 ||
                               secs * 1000 + msecs >= log_min_duration_statement)));
 
        exceeded_sample_duration = (log_min_duration_sample == 0 ||
                                    (log_min_duration_sample > 0 &&
                                     (secs > log_min_duration_sample / 1000 ||
                                      secs * 1000 + msecs >= log_min_duration_sample)));
 
        /*
         * Do not log if log_statement_sample_rate = 0. Log a sample if
         * log_statement_sample_rate <= 1 and avoid unnecessary PRNG call if
         * log_statement_sample_rate = 1.
         */
        if (exceeded_sample_duration)
            in_sample = log_statement_sample_rate != 0 &&
                (log_statement_sample_rate == 1 ||
                 pg_prng_double(&pg_global_prng_state) <= log_statement_sample_rate);
 
        if (exceeded_duration || in_sample || log_duration || xact_is_sampled)
        {
            snprintf(msec_str, 32, "%ld.%03d",
                     secs * 1000 + msecs, usecs % 1000);
            if ((exceeded_duration || in_sample || xact_is_sampled) && !was_logged)
                return 2;
            else
                return 1;
        }
    }
 
    return 0;
}
 
/*
 * errdetail_execute
 *
 * Add an errdetail() line showing the query referenced by an EXECUTE, if any.
 * The argument is the raw parsetree list.
 */
static int
errdetail_execute(List *raw_parsetree_list)
{
    ListCell   *parsetree_item;
 
    foreach(parsetree_item, raw_parsetree_list)
    {
        RawStmt    *parsetree = lfirst_node(RawStmt, parsetree_item);
 
        if (IsA(parsetree->stmt, ExecuteStmt))
        {
            ExecuteStmt *stmt = (ExecuteStmt *) parsetree->stmt;
            PreparedStatement *pstmt;
 
            pstmt = FetchPreparedStatement(stmt->name, false);
            if (pstmt)
            {
                errdetail("prepare: %s", pstmt->plansource->query_string);
                return 0;
            }
        }
    }
 
    return 0;
}
 
/*
 * errdetail_params
 *
 * Add an errdetail() line showing bind-parameter data, if available.
 * Note that this is only used for statement logging, so it is controlled
 * by log_parameter_max_length not log_parameter_max_length_on_error.
 */
static int
errdetail_params(ParamListInfo params)
{
    if (params && params->numParams > 0 && log_parameter_max_length != 0)
    {
        char       *str;
 
        str = BuildParamLogString(params, NULL, log_parameter_max_length);
        if (str && str[0] != '\0')
            errdetail("Parameters: %s", str);
    }
 
    return 0;
}
 
/*
 * errdetail_recovery_conflict
 *
 * Add an errdetail() line showing conflict source.
 */
static int
errdetail_recovery_conflict(RecoveryConflictReason reason)
{
    switch (reason)
    {
        case RECOVERY_CONFLICT_BUFFERPIN:
            errdetail("User was holding shared buffer pin for too long.");
            break;
        case RECOVERY_CONFLICT_LOCK:
            errdetail("User was holding a relation lock for too long.");
            break;
        case RECOVERY_CONFLICT_TABLESPACE:
            errdetail("User was or might have been using tablespace that must be dropped.");
            break;
        case RECOVERY_CONFLICT_SNAPSHOT:
            errdetail("User query might have needed to see row versions that must be removed.");
            break;
        case RECOVERY_CONFLICT_LOGICALSLOT:
            errdetail("User was using a logical replication slot that must be invalidated.");
            break;
        case RECOVERY_CONFLICT_STARTUP_DEADLOCK:
            errdetail("User transaction caused deadlock with recovery.");
            break;
        case RECOVERY_CONFLICT_BUFFERPIN_DEADLOCK:
            errdetail("User transaction caused buffer deadlock with recovery.");
            break;
        case RECOVERY_CONFLICT_DATABASE:
            errdetail("User was connected to a database that must be dropped.");
            break;
    }
 
    return 0;
}
 
/*
 * bind_param_error_callback
 *
 * Error context callback used while parsing parameters in a Bind message
 */
static void
bind_param_error_callback(void *arg)
{
    BindParamCbData *data = (BindParamCbData *) arg;
    StringInfoData buf;
    char       *quotedval;
 
    if (data->paramno < 0)
        return;
 
    /* If we have a textual value, quote it, and trim if necessary */
    if (data->paramval)
    {
        initStringInfo(&buf);
        appendStringInfoStringQuoted(&buf, data->paramval,
                                     log_parameter_max_length_on_error);
        quotedval = buf.data;
    }
    else
        quotedval = NULL;
 
    if (data->portalName && data->portalName[0] != '\0')
    {
        if (quotedval)
            errcontext("portal \"%s\" parameter $%d = %s",
                       data->portalName, data->paramno + 1, quotedval);
        else
            errcontext("portal \"%s\" parameter $%d",
                       data->portalName, data->paramno + 1);
    }
    else
    {
        if (quotedval)
            errcontext("unnamed portal parameter $%d = %s",
                       data->paramno + 1, quotedval);
        else
            errcontext("unnamed portal parameter $%d",
                       data->paramno + 1);
    }
 
    if (quotedval)
        pfree(quotedval);
}
 
/*
 * exec_describe_statement_message
 *
 * Process a "Describe" message for a prepared statement
 */
static void
exec_describe_statement_message(const char *stmt_name)
{
    CachedPlanSource *psrc;
 
    /*
     * Start up a transaction command. (Note that this will normally change
     * current memory context.) Nothing happens if we are already in one.
     */
    start_xact_command();
 
    /* Switch back to message context */
    MemoryContextSwitchTo(MessageContext);
 
    /* Find prepared statement */
    if (stmt_name[0] != '\0')
    {
        PreparedStatement *pstmt;
 
        pstmt = FetchPreparedStatement(stmt_name, true);
        psrc = pstmt->plansource;
    }
    else
    {
        /* special-case the unnamed statement */
        psrc = unnamed_stmt_psrc;
        if (!psrc)
            ereport(ERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_PSTATEMENT),
                     errmsg("unnamed prepared statement does not exist")));
    }
 
    /* Prepared statements shouldn't have changeable result descs */
    Assert(psrc->fixed_result);
 
    /*
     * If we are in aborted transaction state, we can't run
     * SendRowDescriptionMessage(), because that needs catalog accesses.
     * Hence, refuse to Describe statements that return data.  (We shouldn't
     * just refuse all Describes, since that might break the ability of some
     * clients to issue COMMIT or ROLLBACK commands, if they use code that
     * blindly Describes whatever it does.)  We can Describe parameters
     * without doing anything dangerous, so we don't restrict that.
     */
    if (IsAbortedTransactionBlockState() &&
        psrc->resultDesc)
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_IN_FAILED_SQL_TRANSACTION),
                 errmsg("current transaction is aborted, "
                        "commands ignored until end of transaction block")));
 
    if (whereToSendOutput != DestRemote)
        return;                 /* can't actually do anything... */
 
    /*
     * First describe the parameters...
     */
    pq_beginmessage_reuse(&row_description_buf, PqMsg_ParameterDescription);
    pq_sendint16(&row_description_buf, psrc->num_params);
 
    for (int i = 0; i < psrc->num_params; i++)
    {
        Oid         ptype = psrc->param_types[i];
 
        pq_sendint32(&row_description_buf, (int) ptype);
    }
    pq_endmessage_reuse(&row_description_buf);
 
    /*
     * Next send RowDescription or NoData to describe the result...
     */
    if (psrc->resultDesc)
    {
        List       *tlist;
 
        /* Get the plan's primary targetlist */
        tlist = CachedPlanGetTargetList(psrc, NULL);
 
        SendRowDescriptionMessage(&row_description_buf,
                                  psrc->resultDesc,
                                  tlist,
                                  NULL);
    }
    else
        pq_putemptymessage(PqMsg_NoData);
}
 
/*
 * exec_describe_portal_message
 *
 * Process a "Describe" message for a portal
 */
static void
exec_describe_portal_message(const char *portal_name)
{
    Portal      portal;
 
    /*
     * Start up a transaction command. (Note that this will normally change
     * current memory context.) Nothing happens if we are already in one.
     */
    start_xact_command();
 
    /* Switch back to message context */
    MemoryContextSwitchTo(MessageContext);
 
    portal = GetPortalByName(portal_name);
    if (!PortalIsValid(portal))
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_CURSOR),
                 errmsg("portal \"%s\" does not exist", portal_name)));
 
    /*
     * If we are in aborted transaction state, we can't run
     * SendRowDescriptionMessage(), because that needs catalog accesses.
     * Hence, refuse to Describe portals that return data.  (We shouldn't just
     * refuse all Describes, since that might break the ability of some
     * clients to issue COMMIT or ROLLBACK commands, if they use code that
     * blindly Describes whatever it does.)
     */
    if (IsAbortedTransactionBlockState() &&
        portal->tupDesc)
        ereport(ERROR,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_IN_FAILED_SQL_TRANSACTION),
                 errmsg("current transaction is aborted, "
                        "commands ignored until end of transaction block")));
 
    if (whereToSendOutput != DestRemote)
        return;                 /* can't actually do anything... */
 
    if (portal->tupDesc)
        SendRowDescriptionMessage(&row_description_buf,
                                  portal->tupDesc,
                                  FetchPortalTargetList(portal),
                                  portal->formats);
    else
        pq_putemptymessage(PqMsg_NoData);
}
 
 
/*
 * Convenience routines for starting/committing a single command.
 */
static void
start_xact_command(void)
{
    if (!xact_started)
    {
        StartTransactionCommand();
 
        xact_started = true;
    }
    else if (MyXactFlags & XACT_FLAGS_PIPELINING)
    {
        /*
         * When the first Execute message is completed, following commands
         * will be done in an implicit transaction block created via
         * pipelining. The transaction state needs to be updated to an
         * implicit block if we're not already in a transaction block (like
         * one started by an explicit BEGIN).
         */
        BeginImplicitTransactionBlock();
    }
 
    /*
     * Start statement timeout if necessary.  Note that this'll intentionally
     * not reset the clock on an already started timeout, to avoid the timing
     * overhead when start_xact_command() is invoked repeatedly, without an
     * interceding finish_xact_command() (e.g. parse/bind/execute).  If that's
     * not desired, the timeout has to be disabled explicitly.
     */
    enable_statement_timeout();
 
    /* Start timeout for checking if the client has gone away if necessary. */
    if (client_connection_check_interval > 0 &&
        IsUnderPostmaster &&
        MyProcPort &&
        !get_timeout_active(CLIENT_CONNECTION_CHECK_TIMEOUT))
        enable_timeout_after(CLIENT_CONNECTION_CHECK_TIMEOUT,
                             client_connection_check_interval);
}
 
static void
finish_xact_command(void)
{
    /* cancel active statement timeout after each command */
    disable_statement_timeout();
 
    if (xact_started)
    {
        CommitTransactionCommand();
 
#ifdef MEMORY_CONTEXT_CHECKING
        /* Check all memory contexts that weren't freed during commit */
        /* (those that were, were checked before being deleted) */
        MemoryContextCheck(TopMemoryContext);
#endif
 
#ifdef SHOW_MEMORY_STATS
        /* Print mem stats after each commit for leak tracking */
        MemoryContextStats(TopMemoryContext);
#endif
 
        xact_started = false;
    }
}
 
 
/*
 * Convenience routines for checking whether a statement is one of the
 * ones that we allow in transaction-aborted state.
 */
 
/* Test a bare parsetree */
static bool
IsTransactionExitStmt(Node *parsetree)
{
    if (parsetree && IsA(parsetree, TransactionStmt))
    {
        TransactionStmt *stmt = (TransactionStmt *) parsetree;
 
        if (stmt->kind == TRANS_STMT_COMMIT ||
            stmt->kind == TRANS_STMT_PREPARE ||
            stmt->kind == TRANS_STMT_ROLLBACK ||
            stmt->kind == TRANS_STMT_ROLLBACK_TO)
            return true;
    }
    return false;
}
 
/* Test a list that contains PlannedStmt nodes */
static bool
IsTransactionExitStmtList(List *pstmts)
{
    if (list_length(pstmts) == 1)
    {
        PlannedStmt *pstmt = linitial_node(PlannedStmt, pstmts);
 
        if (pstmt->commandType == CMD_UTILITY &&
            IsTransactionExitStmt(pstmt->utilityStmt))
            return true;
    }
    return false;
}
 
/* Test a list that contains PlannedStmt nodes */
static bool
IsTransactionStmtList(List *pstmts)
{
    if (list_length(pstmts) == 1)
    {
        PlannedStmt *pstmt = linitial_node(PlannedStmt, pstmts);
 
        if (pstmt->commandType == CMD_UTILITY &&
            IsA(pstmt->utilityStmt, TransactionStmt))
            return true;
    }
    return false;
}
 
/* Release any existing unnamed prepared statement */
static void
drop_unnamed_stmt(void)
{
    /* paranoia to avoid a dangling pointer in case of error */
    if (unnamed_stmt_psrc)
    {
        CachedPlanSource *psrc = unnamed_stmt_psrc;
 
        unnamed_stmt_psrc = NULL;
        DropCachedPlan(psrc);
    }
}
 
 
/* --------------------------------
 *      signal handler routines used in PostgresMain()
 * --------------------------------
 */
 
/*
 * quickdie() occurs when signaled SIGQUIT by the postmaster.
 *
 * Either some backend has bought the farm, or we've been told to shut down
 * "immediately"; so we need to stop what we're doing and exit.
 */
void
quickdie(SIGNAL_ARGS)
{
    sigaddset(&BlockSig, SIGQUIT);  /* prevent nested calls */
    sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &BlockSig, NULL);
 
    /*
     * Prevent interrupts while exiting; though we just blocked signals that
     * would queue new interrupts, one may have been pending.  We don't want a
     * quickdie() downgraded to a mere query cancel.
     */
    HOLD_INTERRUPTS();
 
    /*
     * If we're aborting out of client auth, don't risk trying to send
     * anything to the client; we will likely violate the protocol, not to
     * mention that we may have interrupted the guts of OpenSSL or some
     * authentication library.
     */
    if (ClientAuthInProgress && whereToSendOutput == DestRemote)
        whereToSendOutput = DestNone;
 
    /*
     * Notify the client before exiting, to give a clue on what happened.
     *
     * It's dubious to call ereport() from a signal handler.  It is certainly
     * not async-signal safe.  But it seems better to try, than to disconnect
     * abruptly and leave the client wondering what happened.  It's remotely
     * possible that we crash or hang while trying to send the message, but
     * receiving a SIGQUIT is a sign that something has already gone badly
     * wrong, so there's not much to lose.  Assuming the postmaster is still
     * running, it will SIGKILL us soon if we get stuck for some reason.
     *
     * One thing we can do to make this a tad safer is to clear the error
     * context stack, so that context callbacks are not called.  That's a lot
     * less code that could be reached here, and the context info is unlikely
     * to be very relevant to a SIGQUIT report anyway.
     */
    error_context_stack = NULL;
 
    /*
     * When responding to a postmaster-issued signal, we send the message only
     * to the client; sending to the server log just creates log spam, plus
     * it's more code that we need to hope will work in a signal handler.
     *
     * Ideally these should be ereport(FATAL), but then we'd not get control
     * back to force the correct type of process exit.
     */
    switch (GetQuitSignalReason())
    {
        case PMQUIT_NOT_SENT:
            /* Hmm, SIGQUIT arrived out of the blue */
            ereport(WARNING,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_ADMIN_SHUTDOWN),
                     errmsg("terminating connection because of unexpected SIGQUIT signal")));
            break;
        case PMQUIT_FOR_CRASH:
            /* A crash-and-restart cycle is in progress */
            ereport(WARNING_CLIENT_ONLY,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_CRASH_SHUTDOWN),
                     errmsg("terminating connection because of crash of another server process"),
                     errdetail("The postmaster has commanded this server process to roll back"
                               " the current transaction and exit, because another"
                               " server process exited abnormally and possibly corrupted"
                               " shared memory."),
                     errhint("In a moment you should be able to reconnect to the"
                             " database and repeat your command.")));
            break;
        case PMQUIT_FOR_STOP:
            /* Immediate-mode stop */
            ereport(WARNING_CLIENT_ONLY,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_ADMIN_SHUTDOWN),
                     errmsg("terminating connection due to immediate shutdown command")));
            break;
    }
 
    /*
     * We DO NOT want to run proc_exit() or atexit() callbacks -- we're here
     * because shared memory may be corrupted, so we don't want to try to
     * clean up our transaction.  Just nail the windows shut and get out of
     * town.  The callbacks wouldn't be safe to run from a signal handler,
     * anyway.
     *
     * Note we do _exit(2) not _exit(0).  This is to force the postmaster into
     * a system reset cycle if someone sends a manual SIGQUIT to a random
     * backend.  This is necessary precisely because we don't clean up our
     * shared memory state.  (The "dead man switch" mechanism in pmsignal.c
     * should ensure the postmaster sees this as a crash, too, but no harm in
     * being doubly sure.)
     */
    _exit(2);
}
 
/*
 * Shutdown signal from postmaster: abort transaction and exit
 * at soonest convenient time
 */
void
die(SIGNAL_ARGS)
{
    /* Don't joggle the elbow of proc_exit */
    if (!proc_exit_inprogress)
    {
        InterruptPending = true;
        ProcDiePending = true;
    }
 
    /* for the cumulative stats system */
    pgStatSessionEndCause = DISCONNECT_KILLED;
 
    /* If we're still here, waken anything waiting on the process latch */
    SetLatch(MyLatch);
 
    /*
     * If we're in single user mode, we want to quit immediately - we can't
     * rely on latches as they wouldn't work when stdin/stdout is a file.
     * Rather ugly, but it's unlikely to be worthwhile to invest much more
     * effort just for the benefit of single user mode.
     */
    if (DoingCommandRead && whereToSendOutput != DestRemote)
        ProcessInterrupts();
}
 
/*
 * Query-cancel signal from postmaster: abort current transaction
 * at soonest convenient time
 */
void
StatementCancelHandler(SIGNAL_ARGS)
{
    /*
     * Don't joggle the elbow of proc_exit
     */
    if (!proc_exit_inprogress)
    {
        InterruptPending = true;
        QueryCancelPending = true;
    }
 
    /* If we're still here, waken anything waiting on the process latch */
    SetLatch(MyLatch);
}
 
/* signal handler for floating point exception */
void
FloatExceptionHandler(SIGNAL_ARGS)
{
    /* We're not returning, so no need to save errno */
    ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_FLOATING_POINT_EXCEPTION),
             errmsg("floating-point exception"),
             errdetail("An invalid floating-point operation was signaled. "
                       "This probably means an out-of-range result or an "
                       "invalid operation, such as division by zero.")));
}
 
/*
 * Tell the next CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS() to process recovery conflicts.  Runs
 * in a SIGUSR1 handler.
 */
void
HandleRecoveryConflictInterrupt(void)
{
    if (pg_atomic_read_u32(&MyProc->pendingRecoveryConflicts) != 0)
        InterruptPending = true;
    /* latch will be set by procsignal_sigusr1_handler */
}
 
/*
 * Check one individual conflict reason.
 */
static void
ProcessRecoveryConflictInterrupt(RecoveryConflictReason reason)
{
    switch (reason)
    {
        case RECOVERY_CONFLICT_STARTUP_DEADLOCK:
 
            /*
             * The startup process is waiting on a lock held by us, and has
             * requested us to check if it is a deadlock (i.e. the deadlock
             * timeout expired).
             *
             * If we aren't waiting for a lock we can never deadlock.
             */
            if (GetAwaitedLock() == NULL)
                return;
 
            /* Set the flag so that ProcSleep() will check for deadlocks. */
            CheckDeadLockAlert();
            return;
 
        case RECOVERY_CONFLICT_BUFFERPIN_DEADLOCK:
 
            /*
             * The startup process is waiting on a buffer pin, and has
             * requested us to check if there is a deadlock involving the pin.
             *
             * If we're not waiting on a lock, there can be no deadlock.
             */
            if (GetAwaitedLock() == NULL)
                return;
 
            /*
             * If we're not holding the buffer pin, also no deadlock. (The
             * startup process doesn't know who's holding the pin, and sends
             * this signal to *all* backends, so this is the common case.)
             */
            if (!HoldingBufferPinThatDelaysRecovery())
                return;
 
            /*
             * Otherwise, we probably have a deadlock.  Unfortunately the
             * normal deadlock detector doesn't know about buffer pins, so we
             * cannot perform comprehensively deadlock check.  Instead, we
             * just assume that it is a deadlock if the above two conditions
             * are met.  In principle this can lead to false positives, but
             * it's rare in practice because sessions in a hot standby server
             * rarely hold locks that can block other backends.
             */
            report_recovery_conflict(reason);
            return;
 
        case RECOVERY_CONFLICT_BUFFERPIN:
 
            /*
             * Someone is holding a buffer pin that the startup process is
             * waiting for, and it got tired of waiting.  If that's us, error
             * out to release the pin.
             */
            if (!HoldingBufferPinThatDelaysRecovery())
                return;
 
            report_recovery_conflict(reason);
            return;
 
        case RECOVERY_CONFLICT_LOCK:
        case RECOVERY_CONFLICT_TABLESPACE:
        case RECOVERY_CONFLICT_SNAPSHOT:
 
            /*
             * If we aren't in a transaction any longer then ignore.
             */
            if (!IsTransactionOrTransactionBlock())
                return;
 
            report_recovery_conflict(reason);
            return;
 
        case RECOVERY_CONFLICT_LOGICALSLOT:
            report_recovery_conflict(reason);
            return;
 
        case RECOVERY_CONFLICT_DATABASE:
 
            /* The database is being dropped; terminate the session */
            report_recovery_conflict(reason);
            return;
    }
    elog(FATAL, "unrecognized conflict mode: %d", (int) reason);
}
 
/*
 * This transaction or session is conflicting with recovery and needs to be
 * killed.  Roll back the transaction, if that's sufficient, or terminate the
 * connection, or do nothing if we're already in an aborted state.
 */
static void
report_recovery_conflict(RecoveryConflictReason reason)
{
    bool        fatal;
 
    if (reason == RECOVERY_CONFLICT_DATABASE)
    {
        /* note: no hint about reconnecting, and different errcode */
        pgstat_report_recovery_conflict(reason);
        ereport(FATAL,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_DATABASE_DROPPED),
                 errmsg("terminating connection due to conflict with recovery"),
                 errdetail_recovery_conflict(reason)));
    }
    if (reason == RECOVERY_CONFLICT_LOGICALSLOT)
    {
        /*
         * RECOVERY_CONFLICT_LOGICALSLOT is a special case that always throws
         * an ERROR (ie never promotes to FATAL), though it still has to
         * respect QueryCancelHoldoffCount, so it shares this code path.
         * Logical decoding slots are only acquired while performing logical
         * decoding.  During logical decoding no user controlled code is run.
         * During [sub]transaction abort, the slot is released.  Therefore
         * user controlled code cannot intercept an error before the
         * replication slot is released.
         */
        fatal = false;
    }
    else
    {
        fatal = IsSubTransaction();
    }
 
    /*
     * If we're not in a subtransaction then we are OK to throw an ERROR to
     * resolve the conflict.
     *
     * XXX other times that we can throw just an ERROR *may* be
     * RECOVERY_CONFLICT_LOCK if no locks are held in parent transactions
     *
     * RECOVERY_CONFLICT_SNAPSHOT if no snapshots are held by parent
     * transactions and the transaction is not transaction-snapshot mode
     *
     * RECOVERY_CONFLICT_TABLESPACE if no temp files or cursors open in parent
     * transactions
     */
    if (!fatal)
    {
        /*
         * If we already aborted then we no longer need to cancel.  We do this
         * here since we do not wish to ignore aborted subtransactions, which
         * must cause FATAL, currently.
         */
        if (IsAbortedTransactionBlockState())
            return;
 
        /*
         * If a recovery conflict happens while we are waiting for input from
         * the client, the client is presumably just sitting idle in a
         * transaction, preventing recovery from making progress.  We'll drop
         * through to the FATAL case below to dislodge it, in that case.
         */
        if (!DoingCommandRead)
        {
            /* Avoid losing sync in the FE/BE protocol. */
            if (QueryCancelHoldoffCount != 0)
            {
                /*
                 * Re-arm and defer this interrupt until later.  See similar
                 * code in ProcessInterrupts().
                 */
                (void) pg_atomic_fetch_or_u32(&MyProc->pendingRecoveryConflicts, (1 << reason));
                InterruptPending = true;
                return;
            }
 
            /*
             * We are cleared to throw an ERROR.  Either it's the logical slot
             * case, or we have a top-level transaction that we can abort and
             * a conflict that isn't inherently non-retryable.
             */
            LockErrorCleanup();
            pgstat_report_recovery_conflict(reason);
            ereport(ERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_T_R_SERIALIZATION_FAILURE),
                     errmsg("canceling statement due to conflict with recovery"),
                     errdetail_recovery_conflict(reason)));
        }
    }
 
    /*
     * We couldn't resolve the conflict with ERROR, so terminate the whole
     * session.
     */
    pgstat_report_recovery_conflict(reason);
    ereport(FATAL,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_T_R_SERIALIZATION_FAILURE),
             errmsg("terminating connection due to conflict with recovery"),
             errdetail_recovery_conflict(reason),
             errhint("In a moment you should be able to reconnect to the"
                     " database and repeat your command.")));
}
 
/*
 * Check each possible recovery conflict reason.
 */
static void
ProcessRecoveryConflictInterrupts(void)
{
    uint32      pending;
 
    /*
     * We don't need to worry about joggling the elbow of proc_exit, because
     * proc_exit_prepare() holds interrupts, so ProcessInterrupts() won't call
     * us.
     */
    Assert(!proc_exit_inprogress);
    Assert(InterruptHoldoffCount == 0);
 
    /* Are any recovery conflict pending? */
    pending = pg_atomic_read_membarrier_u32(&MyProc->pendingRecoveryConflicts);
    if (pending == 0)
        return;
 
    /*
     * Check the conflicts one by one, clearing each flag only before
     * processing the particular conflict.  This ensures that if multiple
     * conflicts are pending, we come back here to process the remaining
     * conflicts, if an error is thrown during processing one of them.
     */
    for (RecoveryConflictReason reason = 0;
         reason < NUM_RECOVERY_CONFLICT_REASONS;
         reason++)
    {
        if ((pending & (1 << reason)) != 0)
        {
            /* clear the flag */
            (void) pg_atomic_fetch_and_u32(&MyProc->pendingRecoveryConflicts, ~(1 << reason));
 
            ProcessRecoveryConflictInterrupt(reason);
        }
    }
}
 
/*
 * ProcessInterrupts: out-of-line portion of CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS() macro
 *
 * If an interrupt condition is pending, and it's safe to service it,
 * then clear the flag and accept the interrupt.  Called only when
 * InterruptPending is true.
 *
 * Note: if INTERRUPTS_CAN_BE_PROCESSED() is true, then ProcessInterrupts
 * is guaranteed to clear the InterruptPending flag before returning.
 * (This is not the same as guaranteeing that it's still clear when we
 * return; another interrupt could have arrived.  But we promise that
 * any pre-existing one will have been serviced.)
 */
void
ProcessInterrupts(void)
{
    /* OK to accept any interrupts now? */
    if (InterruptHoldoffCount != 0 || CritSectionCount != 0)
        return;
    InterruptPending = false;
 
    if (ProcDiePending)
    {
        ProcDiePending = false;
        QueryCancelPending = false; /* ProcDie trumps QueryCancel */
        LockErrorCleanup();
        /* As in quickdie, don't risk sending to client during auth */
        if (ClientAuthInProgress && whereToSendOutput == DestRemote)
            whereToSendOutput = DestNone;
        if (ClientAuthInProgress)
            ereport(FATAL,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_QUERY_CANCELED),
                     errmsg("canceling authentication due to timeout")));
        else if (AmAutoVacuumWorkerProcess())
            ereport(FATAL,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_ADMIN_SHUTDOWN),
                     errmsg("terminating autovacuum process due to administrator command")));
        else if (IsLogicalWorker())
            ereport(FATAL,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_ADMIN_SHUTDOWN),
                     errmsg("terminating logical replication worker due to administrator command")));
        else if (IsLogicalLauncher())
        {
            ereport(DEBUG1,
                    (errmsg_internal("logical replication launcher shutting down")));
 
            /*
             * The logical replication launcher can be stopped at any time.
             * Use exit status 1 so the background worker is restarted.
             */
            proc_exit(1);
        }
        else if (AmWalReceiverProcess())
            ereport(FATAL,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_ADMIN_SHUTDOWN),
                     errmsg("terminating walreceiver process due to administrator command")));
        else if (AmBackgroundWorkerProcess())
            ereport(FATAL,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_ADMIN_SHUTDOWN),
                     errmsg("terminating background worker \"%s\" due to administrator command",
                            MyBgworkerEntry->bgw_type)));
        else if (AmIoWorkerProcess())
        {
            ereport(DEBUG1,
                    (errmsg_internal("io worker shutting down due to administrator command")));
 
            proc_exit(0);
        }
        else
            ereport(FATAL,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_ADMIN_SHUTDOWN),
                     errmsg("terminating connection due to administrator command")));
    }
 
    if (CheckClientConnectionPending)
    {
        CheckClientConnectionPending = false;
 
        /*
         * Check for lost connection and re-arm, if still configured, but not
         * if we've arrived back at DoingCommandRead state.  We don't want to
         * wake up idle sessions, and they already know how to detect lost
         * connections.
         */
        if (!DoingCommandRead && client_connection_check_interval > 0)
        {
            if (!pq_check_connection())
                ClientConnectionLost = true;
            else
                enable_timeout_after(CLIENT_CONNECTION_CHECK_TIMEOUT,
                                     client_connection_check_interval);
        }
    }
 
    if (ClientConnectionLost)
    {
        QueryCancelPending = false; /* lost connection trumps QueryCancel */
        LockErrorCleanup();
        /* don't send to client, we already know the connection to be dead. */
        whereToSendOutput = DestNone;
        ereport(FATAL,
                (errcode(ERRCODE_CONNECTION_FAILURE),
                 errmsg("connection to client lost")));
    }
 
    /*
     * Don't allow query cancel interrupts while reading input from the
     * client, because we might lose sync in the FE/BE protocol.  (Die
     * interrupts are OK, because we won't read any further messages from the
     * client in that case.)
     *
     * See similar logic in ProcessRecoveryConflictInterrupts().
     */
    if (QueryCancelPending && QueryCancelHoldoffCount != 0)
    {
        /*
         * Re-arm InterruptPending so that we process the cancel request as
         * soon as we're done reading the message.  (XXX this is seriously
         * ugly: it complicates INTERRUPTS_CAN_BE_PROCESSED(), and it means we
         * can't use that macro directly as the initial test in this function,
         * meaning that this code also creates opportunities for other bugs to
         * appear.)
         */
        InterruptPending = true;
    }
    else if (QueryCancelPending)
    {
        bool        lock_timeout_occurred;
        bool        stmt_timeout_occurred;
 
        QueryCancelPending = false;
 
        /*
         * If LOCK_TIMEOUT and STATEMENT_TIMEOUT indicators are both set, we
         * need to clear both, so always fetch both.
         */
        lock_timeout_occurred = get_timeout_indicator(LOCK_TIMEOUT, true);
        stmt_timeout_occurred = get_timeout_indicator(STATEMENT_TIMEOUT, true);
 
        /*
         * If both were set, we want to report whichever timeout completed
         * earlier; this ensures consistent behavior if the machine is slow
         * enough that the second timeout triggers before we get here.  A tie
         * is arbitrarily broken in favor of reporting a lock timeout.
         */
        if (lock_timeout_occurred && stmt_timeout_occurred &&
            get_timeout_finish_time(STATEMENT_TIMEOUT) < get_timeout_finish_time(LOCK_TIMEOUT))
            lock_timeout_occurred = false;  /* report stmt timeout */
 
        if (lock_timeout_occurred)
        {
            LockErrorCleanup();
            ereport(ERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_LOCK_NOT_AVAILABLE),
                     errmsg("canceling statement due to lock timeout")));
        }
        if (stmt_timeout_occurred)
        {
            LockErrorCleanup();
            ereport(ERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_QUERY_CANCELED),
                     errmsg("canceling statement due to statement timeout")));
        }
        if (AmAutoVacuumWorkerProcess())
        {
            LockErrorCleanup();
            ereport(ERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_QUERY_CANCELED),
                     errmsg("canceling autovacuum task")));
        }
 
        /*
         * If we are reading a command from the client, just ignore the cancel
         * request --- sending an extra error message won't accomplish
         * anything.  Otherwise, go ahead and throw the error.
         */
        if (!DoingCommandRead)
        {
            LockErrorCleanup();
            ereport(ERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_QUERY_CANCELED),
                     errmsg("canceling statement due to user request")));
        }
    }
 
    if (pg_atomic_read_u32(&MyProc->pendingRecoveryConflicts) != 0)
        ProcessRecoveryConflictInterrupts();
 
    if (IdleInTransactionSessionTimeoutPending)
    {
        /*
         * If the GUC has been reset to zero, ignore the signal.  This is
         * important because the GUC update itself won't disable any pending
         * interrupt.  We need to unset the flag before the injection point,
         * otherwise we could loop in interrupts checking.
         */
        IdleInTransactionSessionTimeoutPending = false;
        if (IdleInTransactionSessionTimeout > 0)
        {
            INJECTION_POINT("idle-in-transaction-session-timeout", NULL);
            ereport(FATAL,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_IDLE_IN_TRANSACTION_SESSION_TIMEOUT),
                     errmsg("terminating connection due to idle-in-transaction timeout")));
        }
    }
 
    if (TransactionTimeoutPending)
    {
        /* As above, ignore the signal if the GUC has been reset to zero. */
        TransactionTimeoutPending = false;
        if (TransactionTimeout > 0)
        {
            INJECTION_POINT("transaction-timeout", NULL);
            ereport(FATAL,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT),
                     errmsg("terminating connection due to transaction timeout")));
        }
    }
 
    if (IdleSessionTimeoutPending)
    {
        /* As above, ignore the signal if the GUC has been reset to zero. */
        IdleSessionTimeoutPending = false;
        if (IdleSessionTimeout > 0)
        {
            INJECTION_POINT("idle-session-timeout", NULL);
            ereport(FATAL,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_IDLE_SESSION_TIMEOUT),
                     errmsg("terminating connection due to idle-session timeout")));
        }
    }
 
    /*
     * If there are pending stats updates and we currently are truly idle
     * (matching the conditions in PostgresMain(), report stats now.
     */
    if (IdleStatsUpdateTimeoutPending &&
        DoingCommandRead && !IsTransactionOrTransactionBlock())
    {
        IdleStatsUpdateTimeoutPending = false;
        pgstat_report_stat(true);
    }
 
    if (ProcSignalBarrierPending)
        ProcessProcSignalBarrier();
 
    if (ParallelMessagePending)
        ProcessParallelMessages();
 
    if (LogMemoryContextPending)
        ProcessLogMemoryContextInterrupt();
 
    if (ParallelApplyMessagePending)
        ProcessParallelApplyMessages();
}
 
/*
 * GUC check_hook for client_connection_check_interval
 */
bool
check_client_connection_check_interval(int *newval, void **extra, GucSource source)
{
    if (!WaitEventSetCanReportClosed() && *newval != 0)
    {
        GUC_check_errdetail("\"client_connection_check_interval\" must be set to 0 on this platform.");
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}
 
/*
 * GUC check_hook for log_parser_stats, log_planner_stats, log_executor_stats
 *
 * This function and check_log_stats interact to prevent their variables from
 * being set in a disallowed combination.  This is a hack that doesn't really
 * work right; for example it might fail while applying pg_db_role_setting
 * values even though the final state would have been acceptable.  However,
 * since these variables are legacy settings with little production usage,
 * we tolerate that.
 */
bool
check_stage_log_stats(bool *newval, void **extra, GucSource source)
{
    if (*newval && log_statement_stats)
    {
        GUC_check_errdetail("Cannot enable parameter when \"log_statement_stats\" is true.");
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}
 
/*
 * GUC check_hook for log_statement_stats
 */
bool
check_log_stats(bool *newval, void **extra, GucSource source)
{
    if (*newval &&
        (log_parser_stats || log_planner_stats || log_executor_stats))
    {
        GUC_check_errdetail("Cannot enable \"log_statement_stats\" when "
                            "\"log_parser_stats\", \"log_planner_stats\", "
                            "or \"log_executor_stats\" is true.");
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}
 
/* GUC assign hook for transaction_timeout */
void
assign_transaction_timeout(int newval, void *extra)
{
    if (IsTransactionState())
    {
        /*
         * If transaction_timeout GUC has changed within the transaction block
         * enable or disable the timer correspondingly.
         */
        if (newval > 0 && !get_timeout_active(TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT))
            enable_timeout_after(TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT, newval);
        else if (newval <= 0 && get_timeout_active(TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT))
            disable_timeout(TRANSACTION_TIMEOUT, false);
    }
}
 
/*
 * GUC check_hook for restrict_nonsystem_relation_kind
 */
bool
check_restrict_nonsystem_relation_kind(char **newval, void **extra, GucSource source)
{
    char       *rawstring;
    List       *elemlist;
    ListCell   *l;
    int         flags = 0;
 
    /* Need a modifiable copy of string */
    rawstring = pstrdup(*newval);
 
    if (!SplitIdentifierString(rawstring, ',', &elemlist))
    {
        /* syntax error in list */
        GUC_check_errdetail("List syntax is invalid.");
        pfree(rawstring);
        list_free(elemlist);
        return false;
    }
 
    foreach(l, elemlist)
    {
        char       *tok = (char *) lfirst(l);
 
        if (pg_strcasecmp(tok, "view") == 0)
            flags |= RESTRICT_RELKIND_VIEW;
        else if (pg_strcasecmp(tok, "foreign-table") == 0)
            flags |= RESTRICT_RELKIND_FOREIGN_TABLE;
        else
        {
            GUC_check_errdetail("Unrecognized key word: \"%s\".", tok);
            pfree(rawstring);
            list_free(elemlist);
            return false;
        }
    }
 
    pfree(rawstring);
    list_free(elemlist);
 
    /* Save the flags in *extra, for use by the assign function */
    *extra = guc_malloc(LOG, sizeof(int));
    if (!*extra)
        return false;
    *((int *) *extra) = flags;
 
    return true;
}
 
/*
 * GUC assign_hook for restrict_nonsystem_relation_kind
 */
void
assign_restrict_nonsystem_relation_kind(const char *newval, void *extra)
{
    int        *flags = (int *) extra;
 
    restrict_nonsystem_relation_kind = *flags;
}
 
/*
 * set_debug_options --- apply "-d N" command line option
 *
 * -d is not quite the same as setting log_min_messages because it enables
 * other output options.
 */
void
set_debug_options(int debug_flag, GucContext context, GucSource source)
{
    if (debug_flag > 0)
    {
        char        debugstr[64];
 
        sprintf(debugstr, "debug%d", debug_flag);
        SetConfigOption("log_min_messages", debugstr, context, source);
    }
    else
        SetConfigOption("log_min_messages", "notice", context, source);
 
    if (debug_flag >= 1 && context == PGC_POSTMASTER)
    {
        SetConfigOption("log_connections", "all", context, source);
        SetConfigOption("log_disconnections", "true", context, source);
    }
    if (debug_flag >= 2)
        SetConfigOption("log_statement", "all", context, source);
    if (debug_flag >= 3)
    {
        SetConfigOption("debug_print_raw_parse", "true", context, source);
        SetConfigOption("debug_print_parse", "true", context, source);
    }
    if (debug_flag >= 4)
        SetConfigOption("debug_print_plan", "true", context, source);
    if (debug_flag >= 5)
        SetConfigOption("debug_print_rewritten", "true", context, source);
}
 
 
bool
set_plan_disabling_options(const char *arg, GucContext context, GucSource source)
{
    const char *tmp = NULL;
 
    switch (arg[0])
    {
        case 's':               /* seqscan */
            tmp = "enable_seqscan";
            break;
        case 'i':               /* indexscan */
            tmp = "enable_indexscan";
            break;
        case 'o':               /* indexonlyscan */
            tmp = "enable_indexonlyscan";
            break;
        case 'b':               /* bitmapscan */
            tmp = "enable_bitmapscan";
            break;
        case 't':               /* tidscan */
            tmp = "enable_tidscan";
            break;
        case 'n':               /* nestloop */
            tmp = "enable_nestloop";
            break;
        case 'm':               /* mergejoin */
            tmp = "enable_mergejoin";
            break;
        case 'h':               /* hashjoin */
            tmp = "enable_hashjoin";
            break;
    }
    if (tmp)
    {
        SetConfigOption(tmp, "false", context, source);
        return true;
    }
    else
        return false;
}
 
 
const char *
get_stats_option_name(const char *arg)
{
    switch (arg[0])
    {
        case 'p':
            if (optarg[1] == 'a')   /* "parser" */
                return "log_parser_stats";
            else if (optarg[1] == 'l')  /* "planner" */
                return "log_planner_stats";
            break;
 
        case 'e':               /* "executor" */
            return "log_executor_stats";
            break;
    }
 
    return NULL;
}
 
 
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 * process_postgres_switches
 *     Parse command line arguments for backends
 *
 * This is called twice, once for the "secure" options coming from the
 * postmaster or command line, and once for the "insecure" options coming
 * from the client's startup packet.  The latter have the same syntax but
 * may be restricted in what they can do.
 *
 * argv[0] is ignored in either case (it's assumed to be the program name).
 *
 * ctx is PGC_POSTMASTER for secure options, PGC_BACKEND for insecure options
 * coming from the client, or PGC_SU_BACKEND for insecure options coming from
 * a superuser client.
 *
 * If a database name is present in the command line arguments, it's
 * returned into *dbname (this is allowed only if *dbname is initially NULL).
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
void
process_postgres_switches(int argc, char *argv[], GucContext ctx,
                          const char **dbname)
{
    bool        secure = (ctx == PGC_POSTMASTER);
    int         errs = 0;
    GucSource   gucsource;
    int         flag;
 
    if (secure)
    {
        gucsource = PGC_S_ARGV; /* switches came from command line */
 
        /* Ignore the initial --single argument, if present */
        if (argc > 1 && strcmp(argv[1], "--single") == 0)
        {
            argv++;
            argc--;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        gucsource = PGC_S_CLIENT;   /* switches came from client */
    }
 
#ifdef HAVE_INT_OPTERR
 
    /*
     * Turn this off because it's either printed to stderr and not the log
     * where we'd want it, or argv[0] is now "--single", which would make for
     * a weird error message.  We print our own error message below.
     */
    opterr = 0;
#endif
 
    /*
     * Parse command-line options.  CAUTION: keep this in sync with
     * postmaster/postmaster.c (the option sets should not conflict) and with
     * the common help() function in main/main.c.
     */
    while ((flag = getopt(argc, argv, "B:bC:c:D:d:EeFf:h:ijk:lN:nOPp:r:S:sTt:v:W:-:")) != -1)
    {
        switch (flag)
        {
            case 'B':
                SetConfigOption("shared_buffers", optarg, ctx, gucsource);
                break;
 
            case 'b':
                /* Undocumented flag used for binary upgrades */
                if (secure)
                    IsBinaryUpgrade = true;
                break;
 
            case 'C':
                /* ignored for consistency with the postmaster */
                break;
 
            case '-':
 
                /*
                 * Error if the user misplaced a special must-be-first option
                 * for dispatching to a subprogram.  parse_dispatch_option()
                 * returns DISPATCH_POSTMASTER if it doesn't find a match, so
                 * error for anything else.
                 */
                if (parse_dispatch_option(optarg) != DISPATCH_POSTMASTER)
                    ereport(ERROR,
                            (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
                             errmsg("--%s must be first argument", optarg)));
 
                pg_fallthrough;
            case 'c':
                {
                    char       *name,
                               *value;
 
                    ParseLongOption(optarg, &name, &value);
                    if (!value)
                    {
                        if (flag == '-')
                            ereport(ERROR,
                                    (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
                                     errmsg("--%s requires a value",
                                            optarg)));
                        else
                            ereport(ERROR,
                                    (errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
                                     errmsg("-c %s requires a value",
                                            optarg)));
                    }
                    SetConfigOption(name, value, ctx, gucsource);
                    pfree(name);
                    pfree(value);
                    break;
                }
 
            case 'D':
                if (secure)
                    userDoption = strdup(optarg);
                break;
 
            case 'd':
                set_debug_options(atoi(optarg), ctx, gucsource);
                break;
 
            case 'E':
                if (secure)
                    EchoQuery = true;
                break;
 
            case 'e':
                SetConfigOption("datestyle", "euro", ctx, gucsource);
                break;
 
            case 'F':
                SetConfigOption("fsync", "false", ctx, gucsource);
                break;
 
            case 'f':
                if (!set_plan_disabling_options(optarg, ctx, gucsource))
                    errs++;
                break;
 
            case 'h':
                SetConfigOption("listen_addresses", optarg, ctx, gucsource);
                break;
 
            case 'i':
                SetConfigOption("listen_addresses", "*", ctx, gucsource);
                break;
 
            case 'j':
                if (secure)
                    UseSemiNewlineNewline = true;
                break;
 
            case 'k':
                SetConfigOption("unix_socket_directories", optarg, ctx, gucsource);
                break;
 
            case 'l':
                SetConfigOption("ssl", "true", ctx, gucsource);
                break;
 
            case 'N':
                SetConfigOption("max_connections", optarg, ctx, gucsource);
                break;
 
            case 'n':
                /* ignored for consistency with postmaster */
                break;
 
            case 'O':
                SetConfigOption("allow_system_table_mods", "true", ctx, gucsource);
                break;
 
            case 'P':
                SetConfigOption("ignore_system_indexes", "true", ctx, gucsource);
                break;
 
            case 'p':
                SetConfigOption("port", optarg, ctx, gucsource);
                break;
 
            case 'r':
                /* send output (stdout and stderr) to the given file */
                if (secure)
                    strlcpy(OutputFileName, optarg, MAXPGPATH);
                break;
 
            case 'S':
                SetConfigOption("work_mem", optarg, ctx, gucsource);
                break;
 
            case 's':
                SetConfigOption("log_statement_stats", "true", ctx, gucsource);
                break;
 
            case 'T':
                /* ignored for consistency with the postmaster */
                break;
 
            case 't':
                {
                    const char *tmp = get_stats_option_name(optarg);
 
                    if (tmp)
                        SetConfigOption(tmp, "true", ctx, gucsource);
                    else
                        errs++;
                    break;
                }
 
            case 'v':
 
                /*
                 * -v is no longer used in normal operation, since
                 * FrontendProtocol is already set before we get here. We keep
                 * the switch only for possible use in standalone operation,
                 * in case we ever support using normal FE/BE protocol with a
                 * standalone backend.
                 */
                if (secure)
                    FrontendProtocol = (ProtocolVersion) atoi(optarg);
                break;
 
            case 'W':
                SetConfigOption("post_auth_delay", optarg, ctx, gucsource);
                break;
 
            default:
                errs++;
                break;
        }
 
        if (errs)
            break;
    }
 
    /*
     * Optional database name should be there only if *dbname is NULL.
     */
    if (!errs && dbname && *dbname == NULL && argc - optind >= 1)
        *dbname = strdup(argv[optind++]);
 
    if (errs || argc != optind)
    {
        if (errs)
            optind--;           /* complain about the previous argument */
 
        /* spell the error message a bit differently depending on context */
        if (IsUnderPostmaster)
            ereport(FATAL,
                    errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
                    errmsg("invalid command-line argument for server process: %s", argv[optind]),
                    errhint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname));
        else
            ereport(FATAL,
                    errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
                    errmsg("%s: invalid command-line argument: %s",
                           progname, argv[optind]),
                    errhint("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.", progname));
    }
 
    /*
     * Reset getopt(3) library so that it will work correctly in subprocesses
     * or when this function is called a second time with another array.
     */
    optind = 1;
#ifdef HAVE_INT_OPTRESET
    optreset = 1;               /* some systems need this too */
#endif
}
 
 
/*
 * PostgresSingleUserMain
 *     Entry point for single user mode. argc/argv are the command line
 *     arguments to be used.
 *
 * Performs single user specific setup then calls PostgresMain() to actually
 * process queries. Single user mode specific setup should go here, rather
 * than PostgresMain() or InitPostgres() when reasonably possible.
 */
void
PostgresSingleUserMain(int argc, char *argv[],
                       const char *username)
{
    const char *dbname = NULL;
 
    Assert(!IsUnderPostmaster);
 
    /* Initialize startup process environment. */
    InitStandaloneProcess(argv[0]);
 
    /*
     * Set default values for command-line options.
     */
    InitializeGUCOptions();
 
    /*
     * Parse command-line options.
     */
    process_postgres_switches(argc, argv, PGC_POSTMASTER, &dbname);
 
    /* Must have gotten a database name, or have a default (the username) */
    if (dbname == NULL)
    {
        dbname = username;
        if (dbname == NULL)
            ereport(FATAL,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
                     errmsg("%s: no database nor user name specified",
                            progname)));
    }
 
    /* Acquire configuration parameters */
    if (!SelectConfigFiles(userDoption, progname))
        proc_exit(1);
 
    /*
     * Validate we have been given a reasonable-looking DataDir and change
     * into it.
     */
    checkDataDir();
    ChangeToDataDir();
 
    /*
     * Create lockfile for data directory.
     */
    CreateDataDirLockFile(false);
 
    /* read control file (error checking and contains config ) */
    LocalProcessControlFile(false);
 
    /*
     * process any libraries that should be preloaded at postmaster start
     */
    process_shared_preload_libraries();
 
    /* Initialize MaxBackends */
    InitializeMaxBackends();
 
    /*
     * We don't need postmaster child slots in single-user mode, but
     * initialize them anyway to avoid having special handling.
     */
    InitPostmasterChildSlots();
 
    /* Initialize size of fast-path lock cache. */
    InitializeFastPathLocks();
 
    /*
     * Give preloaded libraries a chance to request additional shared memory.
     */
    process_shmem_requests();
 
    /*
     * Now that loadable modules have had their chance to request additional
     * shared memory, determine the value of any runtime-computed GUCs that
     * depend on the amount of shared memory required.
     */
    InitializeShmemGUCs();
 
    /*
     * Now that modules have been loaded, we can process any custom resource
     * managers specified in the wal_consistency_checking GUC.
     */
    InitializeWalConsistencyChecking();
 
    /*
     * Create shared memory etc.  (Nothing's really "shared" in single-user
     * mode, but we must have these data structures anyway.)
     */
    CreateSharedMemoryAndSemaphores();
 
    /*
     * Estimate number of openable files.  This must happen after setting up
     * semaphores, because on some platforms semaphores count as open files.
     */
    set_max_safe_fds();
 
    /*
     * Remember stand-alone backend startup time,roughly at the same point
     * during startup that postmaster does so.
     */
    PgStartTime = GetCurrentTimestamp();
 
    /*
     * Create a per-backend PGPROC struct in shared memory. We must do this
     * before we can use LWLocks.
     */
    InitProcess();
 
    /*
     * Now that sufficient infrastructure has been initialized, PostgresMain()
     * can do the rest.
     */
    PostgresMain(dbname, username);
}
 
 
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 * PostgresMain
 *     postgres main loop -- all backends, interactive or otherwise loop here
 *
 * dbname is the name of the database to connect to, username is the
 * PostgreSQL user name to be used for the session.
 *
 * NB: Single user mode specific setup should go to PostgresSingleUserMain()
 * if reasonably possible.
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */
void
PostgresMain(const char *dbname, const char *username)
{
    sigjmp_buf  local_sigjmp_buf;
 
    /* these must be volatile to ensure state is preserved across longjmp: */
    volatile bool send_ready_for_query = true;
    volatile bool idle_in_transaction_timeout_enabled = false;
    volatile bool idle_session_timeout_enabled = false;
 
    Assert(dbname != NULL);
    Assert(username != NULL);
 
    Assert(GetProcessingMode() == InitProcessing);
 
    /*
     * Set up signal handlers.  (InitPostmasterChild or InitStandaloneProcess
     * has already set up BlockSig and made that the active signal mask.)
     *
     * Note that postmaster blocked all signals before forking child process,
     * so there is no race condition whereby we might receive a signal before
     * we have set up the handler.
     *
     * Also note: it's best not to use any signals that are SIG_IGNored in the
     * postmaster.  If such a signal arrives before we are able to change the
     * handler to non-SIG_IGN, it'll get dropped.  Instead, make a dummy
     * handler in the postmaster to reserve the signal. (Of course, this isn't
     * an issue for signals that are locally generated, such as SIGALRM and
     * SIGPIPE.)
     */
    if (am_walsender)
        WalSndSignals();
    else
    {
        pqsignal(SIGHUP, SignalHandlerForConfigReload);
        pqsignal(SIGINT, StatementCancelHandler);   /* cancel current query */
        pqsignal(SIGTERM, die); /* cancel current query and exit */
 
        /*
         * In a postmaster child backend, replace SignalHandlerForCrashExit
         * with quickdie, so we can tell the client we're dying.
         *
         * In a standalone backend, SIGQUIT can be generated from the keyboard
         * easily, while SIGTERM cannot, so we make both signals do die()
         * rather than quickdie().
         */
        if (IsUnderPostmaster)
            pqsignal(SIGQUIT, quickdie);    /* hard crash time */
        else
            pqsignal(SIGQUIT, die); /* cancel current query and exit */
        InitializeTimeouts();   /* establishes SIGALRM handler */
 
        /*
         * Ignore failure to write to frontend. Note: if frontend closes
         * connection, we will notice it and exit cleanly when control next
         * returns to outer loop.  This seems safer than forcing exit in the
         * midst of output during who-knows-what operation...
         */
        pqsignal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
        pqsignal(SIGUSR1, procsignal_sigusr1_handler);
        pqsignal(SIGUSR2, SIG_IGN);
        pqsignal(SIGFPE, FloatExceptionHandler);
 
        /*
         * Reset some signals that are accepted by postmaster but not by
         * backend
         */
        pqsignal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL); /* system() requires this on some
                                     * platforms */
    }
 
    /* Early initialization */
    BaseInit();
 
    /* We need to allow SIGINT, etc during the initial transaction */
    sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &UnBlockSig, NULL);
 
    /*
     * Generate a random cancel key, if this is a backend serving a
     * connection. InitPostgres() will advertise it in shared memory.
     */
    Assert(MyCancelKeyLength == 0);
    if (whereToSendOutput == DestRemote)
    {
        int         len;
 
        len = (MyProcPort == NULL || MyProcPort->proto >= PG_PROTOCOL(3, 2))
            ? MAX_CANCEL_KEY_LENGTH : 4;
        if (!pg_strong_random(&MyCancelKey, len))
        {
            ereport(ERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR),
                     errmsg("could not generate random cancel key")));
        }
        MyCancelKeyLength = len;
    }
 
    /*
     * General initialization.
     *
     * NOTE: if you are tempted to add code in this vicinity, consider putting
     * it inside InitPostgres() instead.  In particular, anything that
     * involves database access should be there, not here.
     *
     * Honor session_preload_libraries if not dealing with a WAL sender.
     */
    InitPostgres(dbname, InvalidOid,    /* database to connect to */
                 username, InvalidOid,  /* role to connect as */
                 (!am_walsender) ? INIT_PG_LOAD_SESSION_LIBS : 0,
                 NULL);         /* no out_dbname */
 
    /*
     * If the PostmasterContext is still around, recycle the space; we don't
     * need it anymore after InitPostgres completes.
     */
    if (PostmasterContext)
    {
        MemoryContextDelete(PostmasterContext);
        PostmasterContext = NULL;
    }
 
    SetProcessingMode(NormalProcessing);
 
    /*
     * Now all GUC states are fully set up.  Report them to client if
     * appropriate.
     */
    BeginReportingGUCOptions();
 
    /*
     * Also set up handler to log session end; we have to wait till now to be
     * sure Log_disconnections has its final value.
     */
    if (IsUnderPostmaster && Log_disconnections)
        on_proc_exit(log_disconnections, 0);
 
    pgstat_report_connect(MyDatabaseId);
 
    /* Perform initialization specific to a WAL sender process. */
    if (am_walsender)
        InitWalSender();
 
    /*
     * Send this backend's cancellation info to the frontend.
     */
    if (whereToSendOutput == DestRemote)
    {
        StringInfoData buf;
 
        Assert(MyCancelKeyLength > 0);
        pq_beginmessage(&buf, PqMsg_BackendKeyData);
        pq_sendint32(&buf, (int32) MyProcPid);
 
        pq_sendbytes(&buf, MyCancelKey, MyCancelKeyLength);
        pq_endmessage(&buf);
        /* Need not flush since ReadyForQuery will do it. */
    }
 
    /* Welcome banner for standalone case */
    if (whereToSendOutput == DestDebug)
        printf("\nPostgreSQL stand-alone backend %s\n", PG_VERSION);
 
    /*
     * Create the memory context we will use in the main loop.
     *
     * MessageContext is reset once per iteration of the main loop, ie, upon
     * completion of processing of each command message from the client.
     */
    MessageContext = AllocSetContextCreate(TopMemoryContext,
                                           "MessageContext",
                                           ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_SIZES);
 
    /*
     * Create memory context and buffer used for RowDescription messages. As
     * SendRowDescriptionMessage(), via exec_describe_statement_message(), is
     * frequently executed for every single statement, we don't want to
     * allocate a separate buffer every time.
     */
    row_description_context = AllocSetContextCreate(TopMemoryContext,
                                                    "RowDescriptionContext",
                                                    ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_SIZES);
    MemoryContextSwitchTo(row_description_context);
    initStringInfo(&row_description_buf);
    MemoryContextSwitchTo(TopMemoryContext);
 
    /* Fire any defined login event triggers, if appropriate */
    EventTriggerOnLogin();
 
    /*
     * POSTGRES main processing loop begins here
     *
     * If an exception is encountered, processing resumes here so we abort the
     * current transaction and start a new one.
     *
     * You might wonder why this isn't coded as an infinite loop around a
     * PG_TRY construct.  The reason is that this is the bottom of the
     * exception stack, and so with PG_TRY there would be no exception handler
     * in force at all during the CATCH part.  By leaving the outermost setjmp
     * always active, we have at least some chance of recovering from an error
     * during error recovery.  (If we get into an infinite loop thereby, it
     * will soon be stopped by overflow of elog.c's internal state stack.)
     *
     * Note that we use sigsetjmp(..., 1), so that this function's signal mask
     * (to wit, UnBlockSig) will be restored when longjmp'ing to here.  This
     * is essential in case we longjmp'd out of a signal handler on a platform
     * where that leaves the signal blocked.  It's not redundant with the
     * unblock in AbortTransaction() because the latter is only called if we
     * were inside a transaction.
     */
 
    if (sigsetjmp(local_sigjmp_buf, 1) != 0)
    {
        /*
         * NOTE: if you are tempted to add more code in this if-block,
         * consider the high probability that it should be in
         * AbortTransaction() instead.  The only stuff done directly here
         * should be stuff that is guaranteed to apply *only* for outer-level
         * error recovery, such as adjusting the FE/BE protocol status.
         */
 
        /* Since not using PG_TRY, must reset error stack by hand */
        error_context_stack = NULL;
 
        /* Prevent interrupts while cleaning up */
        HOLD_INTERRUPTS();
 
        /*
         * Forget any pending QueryCancel request, since we're returning to
         * the idle loop anyway, and cancel any active timeout requests.  (In
         * future we might want to allow some timeout requests to survive, but
         * at minimum it'd be necessary to do reschedule_timeouts(), in case
         * we got here because of a query cancel interrupting the SIGALRM
         * interrupt handler.)  Note in particular that we must clear the
         * statement and lock timeout indicators, to prevent any future plain
         * query cancels from being misreported as timeouts in case we're
         * forgetting a timeout cancel.
         */
        disable_all_timeouts(false);    /* do first to avoid race condition */
        QueryCancelPending = false;
        idle_in_transaction_timeout_enabled = false;
        idle_session_timeout_enabled = false;
 
        /* Not reading from the client anymore. */
        DoingCommandRead = false;
 
        /* Make sure libpq is in a good state */
        pq_comm_reset();
 
        /* Report the error to the client and/or server log */
        EmitErrorReport();
 
        /*
         * If Valgrind noticed something during the erroneous query, print the
         * query string, assuming we have one.
         */
        valgrind_report_error_query(debug_query_string);
 
        /*
         * Make sure debug_query_string gets reset before we possibly clobber
         * the storage it points at.
         */
        debug_query_string = NULL;
 
        /*
         * Abort the current transaction in order to recover.
         */
        AbortCurrentTransaction();
 
        if (am_walsender)
            WalSndErrorCleanup();
 
        PortalErrorCleanup();
 
        /*
         * We can't release replication slots inside AbortTransaction() as we
         * need to be able to start and abort transactions while having a slot
         * acquired. But we never need to hold them across top level errors,
         * so releasing here is fine. There also is a before_shmem_exit()
         * callback ensuring correct cleanup on FATAL errors.
         */
        if (MyReplicationSlot != NULL)
            ReplicationSlotRelease();
 
        /* We also want to cleanup temporary slots on error. */
        ReplicationSlotCleanup(false);
 
        jit_reset_after_error();
 
        /*
         * Now return to normal top-level context and clear ErrorContext for
         * next time.
         */
        MemoryContextSwitchTo(MessageContext);
        FlushErrorState();
 
        /*
         * If we were handling an extended-query-protocol message, initiate
         * skip till next Sync.  This also causes us not to issue
         * ReadyForQuery (until we get Sync).
         */
        if (doing_extended_query_message)
            ignore_till_sync = true;
 
        /* We don't have a transaction command open anymore */
        xact_started = false;
 
        /*
         * If an error occurred while we were reading a message from the
         * client, we have potentially lost track of where the previous
         * message ends and the next one begins.  Even though we have
         * otherwise recovered from the error, we cannot safely read any more
         * messages from the client, so there isn't much we can do with the
         * connection anymore.
         */
        if (pq_is_reading_msg())
            ereport(FATAL,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                     errmsg("terminating connection because protocol synchronization was lost")));
 
        /* Now we can allow interrupts again */
        RESUME_INTERRUPTS();
    }
 
    /* We can now handle ereport(ERROR) */
    PG_exception_stack = &local_sigjmp_buf;
 
    if (!ignore_till_sync)
        send_ready_for_query = true;    /* initially, or after error */
 
    /*
     * Non-error queries loop here.
     */
 
    for (;;)
    {
        int         firstchar;
        StringInfoData input_message;
 
        /*
         * At top of loop, reset extended-query-message flag, so that any
         * errors encountered in "idle" state don't provoke skip.
         */
        doing_extended_query_message = false;
 
        /*
         * For valgrind reporting purposes, the "current query" begins here.
         */
#ifdef USE_VALGRIND
        old_valgrind_error_count = VALGRIND_COUNT_ERRORS;
#endif
 
        /*
         * Release storage left over from prior query cycle, and create a new
         * query input buffer in the cleared MessageContext.
         */
        MemoryContextSwitchTo(MessageContext);
        MemoryContextReset(MessageContext);
 
        initStringInfo(&input_message);
 
        /*
         * Also consider releasing our catalog snapshot if any, so that it's
         * not preventing advance of global xmin while we wait for the client.
         */
        InvalidateCatalogSnapshotConditionally();
 
        /*
         * (1) If we've reached idle state, tell the frontend we're ready for
         * a new query.
         *
         * Note: this includes fflush()'ing the last of the prior output.
         *
         * This is also a good time to flush out collected statistics to the
         * cumulative stats system, and to update the PS stats display.  We
         * avoid doing those every time through the message loop because it'd
         * slow down processing of batched messages, and because we don't want
         * to report uncommitted updates (that confuses autovacuum).  The
         * notification processor wants a call too, if we are not in a
         * transaction block.
         *
         * Also, if an idle timeout is enabled, start the timer for that.
         */
        if (send_ready_for_query)
        {
            if (IsAbortedTransactionBlockState())
            {
                set_ps_display("idle in transaction (aborted)");
                pgstat_report_activity(STATE_IDLEINTRANSACTION_ABORTED, NULL);
 
                /* Start the idle-in-transaction timer */
                if (IdleInTransactionSessionTimeout > 0
                    && (IdleInTransactionSessionTimeout < TransactionTimeout || TransactionTimeout == 0))
                {
                    idle_in_transaction_timeout_enabled = true;
                    enable_timeout_after(IDLE_IN_TRANSACTION_SESSION_TIMEOUT,
                                         IdleInTransactionSessionTimeout);
                }
            }
            else if (IsTransactionOrTransactionBlock())
            {
                set_ps_display("idle in transaction");
                pgstat_report_activity(STATE_IDLEINTRANSACTION, NULL);
 
                /* Start the idle-in-transaction timer */
                if (IdleInTransactionSessionTimeout > 0
                    && (IdleInTransactionSessionTimeout < TransactionTimeout || TransactionTimeout == 0))
                {
                    idle_in_transaction_timeout_enabled = true;
                    enable_timeout_after(IDLE_IN_TRANSACTION_SESSION_TIMEOUT,
                                         IdleInTransactionSessionTimeout);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                long        stats_timeout;
 
                /*
                 * Process incoming notifies (including self-notifies), if
                 * any, and send relevant messages to the client.  Doing it
                 * here helps ensure stable behavior in tests: if any notifies
                 * were received during the just-finished transaction, they'll
                 * be seen by the client before ReadyForQuery is.
                 */
                if (notifyInterruptPending)
                    ProcessNotifyInterrupt(false);
 
                /*
                 * Check if we need to report stats. If pgstat_report_stat()
                 * decides it's too soon to flush out pending stats / lock
                 * contention prevented reporting, it'll tell us when we
                 * should try to report stats again (so that stats updates
                 * aren't unduly delayed if the connection goes idle for a
                 * long time). We only enable the timeout if we don't already
                 * have a timeout in progress, because we don't disable the
                 * timeout below. enable_timeout_after() needs to determine
                 * the current timestamp, which can have a negative
                 * performance impact. That's OK because pgstat_report_stat()
                 * won't have us wake up sooner than a prior call.
                 */
                stats_timeout = pgstat_report_stat(false);
                if (stats_timeout > 0)
                {
                    if (!get_timeout_active(IDLE_STATS_UPDATE_TIMEOUT))
                        enable_timeout_after(IDLE_STATS_UPDATE_TIMEOUT,
                                             stats_timeout);
                }
                else
                {
                    /* all stats flushed, no need for the timeout */
                    if (get_timeout_active(IDLE_STATS_UPDATE_TIMEOUT))
                        disable_timeout(IDLE_STATS_UPDATE_TIMEOUT, false);
                }
 
                set_ps_display("idle");
                pgstat_report_activity(STATE_IDLE, NULL);
 
                /* Start the idle-session timer */
                if (IdleSessionTimeout > 0)
                {
                    idle_session_timeout_enabled = true;
                    enable_timeout_after(IDLE_SESSION_TIMEOUT,
                                         IdleSessionTimeout);
                }
            }
 
            /* Report any recently-changed GUC options */
            ReportChangedGUCOptions();
 
            /*
             * The first time this backend is ready for query, log the
             * durations of the different components of connection
             * establishment and setup.
             */
            if (conn_timing.ready_for_use == TIMESTAMP_MINUS_INFINITY &&
                (log_connections & LOG_CONNECTION_SETUP_DURATIONS) &&
                IsExternalConnectionBackend(MyBackendType))
            {
                uint64      total_duration,
                            fork_duration,
                            auth_duration;
 
                conn_timing.ready_for_use = GetCurrentTimestamp();
 
                total_duration =
                    TimestampDifferenceMicroseconds(conn_timing.socket_create,
                                                    conn_timing.ready_for_use);
                fork_duration =
                    TimestampDifferenceMicroseconds(conn_timing.fork_start,
                                                    conn_timing.fork_end);
                auth_duration =
                    TimestampDifferenceMicroseconds(conn_timing.auth_start,
                                                    conn_timing.auth_end);
 
                ereport(LOG,
                        errmsg("connection ready: setup total=%.3f ms, fork=%.3f ms, authentication=%.3f ms",
                               (double) total_duration / NS_PER_US,
                               (double) fork_duration / NS_PER_US,
                               (double) auth_duration / NS_PER_US));
            }
 
            ReadyForQuery(whereToSendOutput);
            send_ready_for_query = false;
        }
 
        /*
         * (2) Allow asynchronous signals to be executed immediately if they
         * come in while we are waiting for client input. (This must be
         * conditional since we don't want, say, reads on behalf of COPY FROM
         * STDIN doing the same thing.)
         */
        DoingCommandRead = true;
 
        /*
         * (3) read a command (loop blocks here)
         */
        firstchar = ReadCommand(&input_message);
 
        /*
         * (4) turn off the idle-in-transaction and idle-session timeouts if
         * active.  We do this before step (5) so that any last-moment timeout
         * is certain to be detected in step (5).
         *
         * At most one of these timeouts will be active, so there's no need to
         * worry about combining the timeout.c calls into one.
         */
        if (idle_in_transaction_timeout_enabled)
        {
            disable_timeout(IDLE_IN_TRANSACTION_SESSION_TIMEOUT, false);
            idle_in_transaction_timeout_enabled = false;
        }
        if (idle_session_timeout_enabled)
        {
            disable_timeout(IDLE_SESSION_TIMEOUT, false);
            idle_session_timeout_enabled = false;
        }
 
        /*
         * (5) disable async signal conditions again.
         *
         * Query cancel is supposed to be a no-op when there is no query in
         * progress, so if a query cancel arrived while we were idle, just
         * reset QueryCancelPending. ProcessInterrupts() has that effect when
         * it's called when DoingCommandRead is set, so check for interrupts
         * before resetting DoingCommandRead.
         */
        CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
        DoingCommandRead = false;
 
        /*
         * (6) check for any other interesting events that happened while we
         * slept.
         */
        if (ConfigReloadPending)
        {
            ConfigReloadPending = false;
            ProcessConfigFile(PGC_SIGHUP);
        }
 
        /*
         * (7) process the command.  But ignore it if we're skipping till
         * Sync.
         */
        if (ignore_till_sync && firstchar != EOF)
            continue;
 
        switch (firstchar)
        {
            case PqMsg_Query:
                {
                    const char *query_string;
 
                    /* Set statement_timestamp() */
                    SetCurrentStatementStartTimestamp();
 
                    query_string = pq_getmsgstring(&input_message);
                    pq_getmsgend(&input_message);
 
                    if (am_walsender)
                    {
                        if (!exec_replication_command(query_string))
                            exec_simple_query(query_string);
                    }
                    else
                        exec_simple_query(query_string);
 
                    valgrind_report_error_query(query_string);
 
                    send_ready_for_query = true;
                }
                break;
 
            case PqMsg_Parse:
                {
                    const char *stmt_name;
                    const char *query_string;
                    int         numParams;
                    Oid        *paramTypes = NULL;
 
                    forbidden_in_wal_sender(firstchar);
 
                    /* Set statement_timestamp() */
                    SetCurrentStatementStartTimestamp();
 
                    stmt_name = pq_getmsgstring(&input_message);
                    query_string = pq_getmsgstring(&input_message);
                    numParams = pq_getmsgint(&input_message, 2);
                    if (numParams > 0)
                    {
                        paramTypes = palloc_array(Oid, numParams);
                        for (int i = 0; i < numParams; i++)
                            paramTypes[i] = pq_getmsgint(&input_message, 4);
                    }
                    pq_getmsgend(&input_message);
 
                    exec_parse_message(query_string, stmt_name,
                                       paramTypes, numParams);
 
                    valgrind_report_error_query(query_string);
                }
                break;
 
            case PqMsg_Bind:
                forbidden_in_wal_sender(firstchar);
 
                /* Set statement_timestamp() */
                SetCurrentStatementStartTimestamp();
 
                /*
                 * this message is complex enough that it seems best to put
                 * the field extraction out-of-line
                 */
                exec_bind_message(&input_message);
 
                /* exec_bind_message does valgrind_report_error_query */
                break;
 
            case PqMsg_Execute:
                {
                    const char *portal_name;
                    int         max_rows;
 
                    forbidden_in_wal_sender(firstchar);
 
                    /* Set statement_timestamp() */
                    SetCurrentStatementStartTimestamp();
 
                    portal_name = pq_getmsgstring(&input_message);
                    max_rows = pq_getmsgint(&input_message, 4);
                    pq_getmsgend(&input_message);
 
                    exec_execute_message(portal_name, max_rows);
 
                    /* exec_execute_message does valgrind_report_error_query */
                }
                break;
 
            case PqMsg_FunctionCall:
                forbidden_in_wal_sender(firstchar);
 
                /* Set statement_timestamp() */
                SetCurrentStatementStartTimestamp();
 
                /* Report query to various monitoring facilities. */
                pgstat_report_activity(STATE_FASTPATH, NULL);
                set_ps_display("<FASTPATH>");
 
                /* start an xact for this function invocation */
                start_xact_command();
 
                /*
                 * Note: we may at this point be inside an aborted
                 * transaction.  We can't throw error for that until we've
                 * finished reading the function-call message, so
                 * HandleFunctionRequest() must check for it after doing so.
                 * Be careful not to do anything that assumes we're inside a
                 * valid transaction here.
                 */
 
                /* switch back to message context */
                MemoryContextSwitchTo(MessageContext);
 
                HandleFunctionRequest(&input_message);
 
                /* commit the function-invocation transaction */
                finish_xact_command();
 
                valgrind_report_error_query("fastpath function call");
 
                send_ready_for_query = true;
                break;
 
            case PqMsg_Close:
                {
                    int         close_type;
                    const char *close_target;
 
                    forbidden_in_wal_sender(firstchar);
 
                    close_type = pq_getmsgbyte(&input_message);
                    close_target = pq_getmsgstring(&input_message);
                    pq_getmsgend(&input_message);
 
                    switch (close_type)
                    {
                        case 'S':
                            if (close_target[0] != '\0')
                                DropPreparedStatement(close_target, false);
                            else
                            {
                                /* special-case the unnamed statement */
                                drop_unnamed_stmt();
                            }
                            break;
                        case 'P':
                            {
                                Portal      portal;
 
                                portal = GetPortalByName(close_target);
                                if (PortalIsValid(portal))
                                    PortalDrop(portal, false);
                            }
                            break;
                        default:
                            ereport(ERROR,
                                    (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                                     errmsg("invalid CLOSE message subtype %d",
                                            close_type)));
                            break;
                    }
 
                    if (whereToSendOutput == DestRemote)
                        pq_putemptymessage(PqMsg_CloseComplete);
 
                    valgrind_report_error_query("CLOSE message");
                }
                break;
 
            case PqMsg_Describe:
                {
                    int         describe_type;
                    const char *describe_target;
 
                    forbidden_in_wal_sender(firstchar);
 
                    /* Set statement_timestamp() (needed for xact) */
                    SetCurrentStatementStartTimestamp();
 
                    describe_type = pq_getmsgbyte(&input_message);
                    describe_target = pq_getmsgstring(&input_message);
                    pq_getmsgend(&input_message);
 
                    switch (describe_type)
                    {
                        case 'S':
                            exec_describe_statement_message(describe_target);
                            break;
                        case 'P':
                            exec_describe_portal_message(describe_target);
                            break;
                        default:
                            ereport(ERROR,
                                    (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                                     errmsg("invalid DESCRIBE message subtype %d",
                                            describe_type)));
                            break;
                    }
 
                    valgrind_report_error_query("DESCRIBE message");
                }
                break;
 
            case PqMsg_Flush:
                pq_getmsgend(&input_message);
                if (whereToSendOutput == DestRemote)
                    pq_flush();
                break;
 
            case PqMsg_Sync:
                pq_getmsgend(&input_message);
 
                /*
                 * If pipelining was used, we may be in an implicit
                 * transaction block. Close it before calling
                 * finish_xact_command.
                 */
                EndImplicitTransactionBlock();
                finish_xact_command();
                valgrind_report_error_query("SYNC message");
                send_ready_for_query = true;
                break;
 
                /*
                 * PqMsg_Terminate means that the frontend is closing down the
                 * socket. EOF means unexpected loss of frontend connection.
                 * Either way, perform normal shutdown.
                 */
            case EOF:
 
                /* for the cumulative statistics system */
                pgStatSessionEndCause = DISCONNECT_CLIENT_EOF;
 
                pg_fallthrough;
 
            case PqMsg_Terminate:
 
                /*
                 * Reset whereToSendOutput to prevent ereport from attempting
                 * to send any more messages to client.
                 */
                if (whereToSendOutput == DestRemote)
                    whereToSendOutput = DestNone;
 
                /*
                 * NOTE: if you are tempted to add more code here, DON'T!
                 * Whatever you had in mind to do should be set up as an
                 * on_proc_exit or on_shmem_exit callback, instead. Otherwise
                 * it will fail to be called during other backend-shutdown
                 * scenarios.
                 */
                proc_exit(0);
 
            case PqMsg_CopyData:
            case PqMsg_CopyDone:
            case PqMsg_CopyFail:
 
                /*
                 * Accept but ignore these messages, per protocol spec; we
                 * probably got here because a COPY failed, and the frontend
                 * is still sending data.
                 */
                break;
 
            default:
                ereport(FATAL,
                        (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                         errmsg("invalid frontend message type %d",
                                firstchar)));
        }
    }                           /* end of input-reading loop */
}
 
/*
 * Throw an error if we're a WAL sender process.
 *
 * This is used to forbid anything else than simple query protocol messages
 * in a WAL sender process.  'firstchar' specifies what kind of a forbidden
 * message was received, and is used to construct the error message.
 */
static void
forbidden_in_wal_sender(char firstchar)
{
    if (am_walsender)
    {
        if (firstchar == PqMsg_FunctionCall)
            ereport(ERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                     errmsg("fastpath function calls not supported in a replication connection")));
        else
            ereport(ERROR,
                    (errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
                     errmsg("extended query protocol not supported in a replication connection")));
    }
}
 
 
static struct rusage Save_r;
static struct timeval Save_t;
 
void
ResetUsage(void)
{
    getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &Save_r);
    gettimeofday(&Save_t, NULL);
}
 
void
ShowUsage(const char *title)
{
    StringInfoData str;
    struct timeval user,
                sys;
    struct timeval elapse_t;
    struct rusage r;
 
    getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &r);
    gettimeofday(&elapse_t, NULL);
    memcpy(&user, &r.ru_utime, sizeof(user));
    memcpy(&sys, &r.ru_stime, sizeof(sys));
    if (elapse_t.tv_usec < Save_t.tv_usec)
    {
        elapse_t.tv_sec--;
        elapse_t.tv_usec += 1000000;
    }
    if (r.ru_utime.tv_usec < Save_r.ru_utime.tv_usec)
    {
        r.ru_utime.tv_sec--;
        r.ru_utime.tv_usec += 1000000;
    }
    if (r.ru_stime.tv_usec < Save_r.ru_stime.tv_usec)
    {
        r.ru_stime.tv_sec--;
        r.ru_stime.tv_usec += 1000000;
    }
 
    /*
     * The only stats we don't show here are ixrss, idrss, isrss.  It takes
     * some work to interpret them, and most platforms don't fill them in.
     */
    initStringInfo(&str);
 
    appendStringInfoString(&str, "! system usage stats:\n");
    appendStringInfo(&str,
                     "!\t%ld.%06ld s user, %ld.%06ld s system, %ld.%06ld s elapsed\n",
                     (long) (r.ru_utime.tv_sec - Save_r.ru_utime.tv_sec),
                     (long) (r.ru_utime.tv_usec - Save_r.ru_utime.tv_usec),
                     (long) (r.ru_stime.tv_sec - Save_r.ru_stime.tv_sec),
                     (long) (r.ru_stime.tv_usec - Save_r.ru_stime.tv_usec),
                     (long) (elapse_t.tv_sec - Save_t.tv_sec),
                     (long) (elapse_t.tv_usec - Save_t.tv_usec));
    appendStringInfo(&str,
                     "!\t[%ld.%06ld s user, %ld.%06ld s system total]\n",
                     (long) user.tv_sec,
                     (long) user.tv_usec,
                     (long) sys.tv_sec,
                     (long) sys.tv_usec);
#ifndef WIN32
 
    /*
     * The following rusage fields are not defined by POSIX, but they're
     * present on all current Unix-like systems so we use them without any
     * special checks.  Some of these could be provided in our Windows
     * emulation in src/port/win32getrusage.c with more work.
     */
    appendStringInfo(&str,
                     "!\t%ld kB max resident size\n",
#if defined(__darwin__)
    /* in bytes on macOS */
                     r.ru_maxrss / 1024
#else
    /* in kilobytes on most other platforms */
                     r.ru_maxrss
#endif
        );
    appendStringInfo(&str,
                     "!\t%ld/%ld [%ld/%ld] filesystem blocks in/out\n",
                     r.ru_inblock - Save_r.ru_inblock,
    /* they only drink coffee at dec */
                     r.ru_oublock - Save_r.ru_oublock,
                     r.ru_inblock, r.ru_oublock);
    appendStringInfo(&str,
                     "!\t%ld/%ld [%ld/%ld] page faults/reclaims, %ld [%ld] swaps\n",
                     r.ru_majflt - Save_r.ru_majflt,
                     r.ru_minflt - Save_r.ru_minflt,
                     r.ru_majflt, r.ru_minflt,
                     r.ru_nswap - Save_r.ru_nswap,
                     r.ru_nswap);
    appendStringInfo(&str,
                     "!\t%ld [%ld] signals rcvd, %ld/%ld [%ld/%ld] messages rcvd/sent\n",
                     r.ru_nsignals - Save_r.ru_nsignals,
                     r.ru_nsignals,
                     r.ru_msgrcv - Save_r.ru_msgrcv,
                     r.ru_msgsnd - Save_r.ru_msgsnd,
                     r.ru_msgrcv, r.ru_msgsnd);
    appendStringInfo(&str,
                     "!\t%ld/%ld [%ld/%ld] voluntary/involuntary context switches\n",
                     r.ru_nvcsw - Save_r.ru_nvcsw,
                     r.ru_nivcsw - Save_r.ru_nivcsw,
                     r.ru_nvcsw, r.ru_nivcsw);
#endif                          /* !WIN32 */
 
    /* remove trailing newline */
    if (str.data[str.len - 1] == '\n')
        str.data[--str.len] = '\0';
 
    ereport(LOG,
            (errmsg_internal("%s", title),
             errdetail_internal("%s", str.data)));
 
    pfree(str.data);
}
 
/*
 * on_proc_exit handler to log end of session
 */
static void
log_disconnections(int code, Datum arg)
{
    Port       *port = MyProcPort;
    long        secs;
    int         usecs;
    int         msecs;
    int         hours,
                minutes,
                seconds;
 
    TimestampDifference(MyStartTimestamp,
                        GetCurrentTimestamp(),
                        &secs, &usecs);
    msecs = usecs / 1000;
 
    hours = secs / SECS_PER_HOUR;
    secs %= SECS_PER_HOUR;
    minutes = secs / SECS_PER_MINUTE;
    seconds = secs % SECS_PER_MINUTE;
 
    ereport(LOG,
            (errmsg("disconnection: session time: %d:%02d:%02d.%03d "
                    "user=%s database=%s host=%s%s%s",
                    hours, minutes, seconds, msecs,
                    port->user_name, port->database_name, port->remote_host,
                    port->remote_port[0] ? " port=" : "", port->remote_port)));
}
 
/*
 * Start statement timeout timer, if enabled.
 *
 * If there's already a timeout running, don't restart the timer.  That
 * enables compromises between accuracy of timeouts and cost of starting a
 * timeout.
 */
static void
enable_statement_timeout(void)
{
    /* must be within an xact */
    Assert(xact_started);
 
    if (StatementTimeout > 0
        && (StatementTimeout < TransactionTimeout || TransactionTimeout == 0))
    {
        if (!get_timeout_active(STATEMENT_TIMEOUT))
            enable_timeout_after(STATEMENT_TIMEOUT, StatementTimeout);
    }
    else
    {
        if (get_timeout_active(STATEMENT_TIMEOUT))
            disable_timeout(STATEMENT_TIMEOUT, false);
    }
}
 
/*
 * Disable statement timeout, if active.
 */
static void
disable_statement_timeout(void)
{
    if (get_timeout_active(STATEMENT_TIMEOUT))
        disable_timeout(STATEMENT_TIMEOUT, false);
}